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Costa MCG, Hendler KG, Kuriki HU, Barbosa RI, das Neves LMS, Guirro ECDO, Guirro RRDJ, Marcolino AM. Influence of neoprene ankle orthoses on dynamic balance during a vertical jump in healthy individuals and with sprain history: A cross-sectional study. Gait Posture 2023; 101:60-65. [PMID: 36736207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A sprain describes an excessive amount of force or strain on a ligament, which may or may not lead to its rupture. Orthoses are among the most common modalities prescribed as a conservative treatment for ankle instability and sprain. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyse the effect of neoprene orthosis on the balance and functionality of healthy individuals and volunteers with lateral ankle sprains METHODS: We evaluated 12 healthy volunteers (control group) and 12 volunteers diagnosed with a sprain and/or instability (patient group). A total of 14 men and 10 women participated in the study, with an average age of 26.15 (± 4.40) years. The volunteers' tasks consisted of performing vertical bipodal and unipodal jumps on a force platform, which were recorded in a video from the lateral view of the lower limb for posterior evaluation of the knee and ankle angles. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for comparisons, considering p < 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS The control group presented a decrease in ground reaction force when using Orthosis during the bipodal jump (p < 0.05). A decrease in anteroposterior force displacement was also observed in the left unipodal jump (p < 0.01). The patient group presented an increase in force and moment of medial-lateral displacement for both bipodal (p < 0.02) and left unipodal jumps with Orthosis (p < 0.02). A kinematic analysis showed that the control group presented the smallest knee flexion angle (p < 0.01), while the patient group presented the smallest dorsiflexion ankle angle in the bipodal jump when using orthosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We concluded that orthosis had influence on individuals' balance and joint angles. In healthy individuals presented better balance with and without orthosis and greater flexion with orthosis in the bipodal jump, regarding to the patient group presented smaller oscillations in the unipodal jump with orthosis and showed smaller knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Cristina Gomes Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Germann Hendler
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloyse U Kuriki
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael I Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lais Mara S das Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C de Oliveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo R de Jesus Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Marcio Marcolino
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Yilmaz Gokmen G, Akcay B, Kecelioglu S, Ozen MS, Yuce H. Physical and well-being effect of scapular kinesio taping combined with conventional physiotherapy in shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023; 36:1375-1383. [PMID: 37694348 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesio taping (KT) is one of the treatment methods used on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). There are different results regarding its effectiveness in the literature. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of scapular KT combined with a conventional physiotherapy program on scapular dyskinesia, shoulder pain, upper extremity function, and well-being in patients with SIS. METHODS The study was conducted with 60 outpatients diagnosed with SIS, aged 40-65 years. The patients were divided into two groups: KT [conventional physiotherapy program + scapular KT (targets scapular retraction and is applied along the inferior-medial edge of the scapula, starting from the processus coracoids), n= 30] and control [conventional physiotherapy program, n= 30]. In before- and after-treatment evaluations, the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) for scapular dyskinesia, a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for shoulder pain, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) for upper extremity function were used. In addition, at the end of treatment, a Kinesio taping Satisfaction Survey, created by the researchers, was filled out by the KT group for the assessment of well-being. RESULTS The interaction effect of Group*Time was not statistically significant in all outcome measures (p> 0.05). However, the main effect of both group and time was statistically significant in the DASH-Function/Symptom, VAS-Rest, VAS-Activity, and VAS-Night (p< 0.05). Moreover, only the main effect of time was statistically significant in LSST-1 and LSST-3 (p< 0.05). In the KT group, the satisfaction level was 8.50 ± 1.69 and the recommendation level was 8.72 ± 1.81. CONCLUSION Both conventional physiotherapy programs and additional scapular KT improved scapular dyskinesia, reduced pain, and increased the upper extremity function. Adding scapular KT to treatment did not change the results, but it had positive psychological effects and yielded a high satisfaction rate.
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Aminian-Far A, Pahlevan D, Kohnegi FM. Kinesio taping as an alternative treatment for manual laborers with carpal tunnel syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:439-447. [PMID: 34275887 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common forms of peripheral neuropathies due to median nerve compression. Occupational factors, such as repetitive hand motions are believed to be associated with this condition. OBJECTIVE This clinical trial assessed the effect of Kinesio taping (KT) of hand flexor muscles on the management of mild to moderate CTS in Iranian manual laborers. METHODS Thirty manual laborers with mild to moderate CTS participated in this clinical trial. They were assigned to an intervention or a control group. The treatment consisted of a 2-week KT followed by a 4-week follow-up. The control group received sham KT without tension applied. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores, pinch and grip force tests, and electrophysiological examination of the median nerve were performed for each participant at baseline, 24 to 48 hours, and two to four weeks of follow-up. The statistical analysis of variance was performed (2 groups × 5 times) for all participants, comparing differences in the data within and between the two groups. RESULTS The baseline assessment revealed no inter-group differences in the clinical outcomes (P> 0.05). Comparisons of the changes in the electro-physiological and functional variables indicated significantly greater improvement in the KT group than in the sham counterpart (P< 0.05). No statically significant improvement was evident by the electrodiagnostic criteria in the sham-KT group (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS KT is an effective, safe, reliable, and conservative therapeutic choice for the management of patients with CTS. The treatment does not restrict the daily activities of patients nor has it any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Aminian-Far
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Daryoush Pahlevan
- Occupational Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Maleki Kohnegi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Araya-Quintanilla F, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Probst V, Ramírez-Vélez R, Álvarez-Bueno C. Effectiveness of kinesiotaping in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:273-289. [PMID: 34657327 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) with or without co-interventions for clinical outcomes in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. DATA SOURCES Eight databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception until March 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Clinical trials that determine the effectiveness of KT with or without co-interventions for clinical outcomes in patients with SIS who are older than 18 years of age. RESULTS Ten trials for the quantitative analysis were included. For pain intensity at 1-3 weeks, the overall pooled MD was -0.73 cm, 95% CI = -1.50 to 0.04 (p = 0.06), and at 3-6 weeks, it was -0.13 cm, 95% CI = -1.37 to 0.36 (p = 0.25). For shoulder function, the MD was -0.02, 95%CI = -0.30 to 0.26 (p = 0.89). For shoulder Range of Motion (ROM) flexion, the MD was -16.70, 95% CI = -0.52 to 33.92 (p = 0.06). Additionally, there was a low to moderate quality of evidence according to the GRADE rating. CONCLUSION Kinesiotaping with or without co-interventions was not superior to other interventions for improving shoulder pain intensity, function and ROM flexion in patients with SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanessa Probst
- Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Geriatric Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
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Effects of Nonelastic Taping and Dual Task on Kinematics and Kinetics of the Ankle Joint. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8866453. [PMID: 33728036 PMCID: PMC7937460 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8866453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of nonelastic taping and dual task on ankle kinematics and kinetics in gait analysis of healthy adults. Methods A total of 21 healthy adults completed trials of gait analysis using a Vicon system combining ground walking with different cognitive task conditions (none, modified Stroop color/character naming, and serial-7 subtraction), with or without nonelastic taping. Ankle kinematics and kinetics including speed, ankle plantarflexion and inversion angle, ground reaction force (GRF), and stride time variability (STV) under all conditions of taping (YES or NO) and cognitive task (none, naming, and subtraction) were characterized and analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. Results As regards cognitive performance, the serial-7 subtraction performance under walking conditions with and without taping was significantly poorer than simple sitting condition (P < 0.001). For kinematics and kinetics, STV showed statistically significant decrease (P=0.02) when subjects underwent taping application. Vertical GRF was significantly greater under taping than barefoot (P=0.001). Ankle plantarflexion at initial contact (IC) under the dual-task walking was significantly more than under simple walking (P=0.008). Conclusions Applications of nonelastic taping and dual task may lead to the STV, vertical GRF, ankle plantarflexion, and speed alterations because of restricted joint range of motion and changed sensorimotor neural circuit. When healthy adults performed dual-task walking, central neural resources allocation was disturbed, leading to weakened performance in both motor and cognitive tasks.
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Ankle Bracing Alters Coordination and Coordination Variability in Individuals With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 30:62-69. [PMID: 32131049 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ankle bracing is an effective form of injury prophylaxis implemented for individuals with and without chronic ankle instability, yet mechanisms surrounding bracing efficacy remain in question. Ankle bracing has been shown to invoke biomechanical and neuromotor alterations that could influence lower-extremity coordination strategies during locomotion and contribute to bracing efficacy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle bracing on lower-extremity coordination and coordination dynamics during walking in healthy individuals, ankle sprain copers, and individuals with chronic ankle instability. DESIGN Mixed factorial design. SETTING Laboratory setting. PARTICIPANTS Forty-eight recreationally active individuals (16 per group) participated in this cross-sectional study. INTERVENTION Participants completed 15 trials of over ground walking with and without an ankle brace. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Coordination and coordination variability of the foot-shank, shank-thigh, and foot-thigh were assessed during stance and swing phases of the gait cycle through analysis of segment relative phase and relative phase deviation, respectively. RESULTS Bracing elicited more synchronous, or locked, motion of the sagittal plane foot-shank coupling throughout swing phase and early stance phase, and more asynchronous motion of remaining foot-shank and foot-thigh couplings during early swing phase. Bracing also diminished coordination variability of foot-shank, foot-thigh, and shank-thigh couplings during swing phase of the gait cycle, indicating greater pattern stability. No group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Greater stability of lower-extremity coordination patterns as well as spatiotemporal locking of the foot-shank coupling during terminal swing may work to guard against malalignment at foot contact and contribute to the efficacy of ankle bracing. Ankle bracing may also act antagonistically to interventions fostering functional variability.
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Bartholomew C, Lack S, Neal B. Altered pain processing and sensitisation is evident in adults with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review including meta-analysis and meta-regression. Scand J Pain 2019; 20:11-27. [DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
Previous systematic reviews have reported manifestations of pain sensitisation as a feature of painful knee disorders, in particular osteoarthritis, with moderate evidence for pain sensitisation in patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, despite past studies recruiting female mostly adolescent PFP patients, it is unclear if sex or age plays a role. Investigation is required to determine if altered pain processing is a key feature of PFP and if a subgroup of patients is at an increased risk to help provide targeted management. The primary aim of this systematic review was to examine evidence investigating pain processing in PFP. Secondary aims were to evaluate the relationship between pain processing and (1) sex, (2) age and (3) symptom duration.
Methods
The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019129851). PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to April 2019 for studies investigating pain processing in PFP patients compared to controls using quantitative sensory testing. Each included paper was assessed for methodological quality using a modified version of Downs and Black. Means and standard deviations were extracted to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Where possible meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using a random effects model.
Results
Eleven studies were identified, two medium and nine high quality. Meta-analysis indicates moderate evidence for decreased pressure pain thresholds (SMD −0.68, 95% CI −0.93 to −0.43), increased tactile detection thresholds (SMD 1.35, 95% CI 0.49–2.22) and increased warmth detection thresholds (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.30–0.92) in PFP patients compared to controls. Secondary analysis indicates moderate evidence for decreased pressure pain thresholds in female compared to male patients (SMD −0.75, 95% CI −1.34 to −0.16). Meta-regression indicates a moderate correlation between decreasing local and distal pressure pain thresholds and decreasing patient age (local R2 = 0.556, p = 0.0211; distal R2 = 0.491, p = 0.0354) but no correlation with symptom duration (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Evidence from this systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression appears to suggest the presence of altered pain processing and sensitisation in patients with PFP with increased sensitivity indicated in female patients and younger patients.
Implications
With evidence of altered pain processing and sensitisation in PFP, it may be beneficial for clinicians to consider management approaches that aim specifically at adressing neuropathic pain, for example neuroscience education, to improve patients outcomes. With female patients and younger patients indicated as experiencing greater degree of sensitivity, this may be a good demographic to start screening for sensitisation, in order to better identify and treat those most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bartholomew
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Simon Lack
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
- Pure Sports Medicine , London , UK
| | - Bradley Neal
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
- Pure Sports Medicine , London , UK
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Hadadi M, Abbasi F. Comparison of the Effect of the Combined Mechanism Ankle Support on Static and Dynamic Postural Control of Chronic Ankle Instability Patients. Foot Ankle Int 2019; 40:702-709. [PMID: 30808178 DOI: 10.1177/1071100719833993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with postural control impairment. Orthotic devices are routinely used to improve postural control of CAI patients and prevent recurrence of ankle sprain. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of combined mechanism ankle support (CMAS) with soft ankle support (SAS) and custom-molded foot orthosis (CFO) on static and dynamic postural control in patients with CAI. METHODS Twenty-two patients with CAI and 22 matched healthy subjects were recruited. The participants were evaluated in four orthotic conditions (without orthosis and with the CMAS, SAS, and CFO). Static balance was investigated in single-limb stance on the force platform, and dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found for the main effects of the groups in all center of pressure (COP) parameters and reach distances in medial (M), anteromedial (AM), and posteromedial (PM) directions of the SEBT ( P < .05). The main effect of the orthotics for all evaluated parameters, except reach distance in the PM direction, was statistically different. All COP parameters were significantly lower with the CMAS compared with other orthotic conditions in CAI patients. Also, the higher reach distances with the CMAS were obtained in the AM and M directions of the SEBT. CONCLUSION The CMAS improved impaired postural control in static and dynamic stability tests, but no similar effect was found for SAS and CFO. This result may have implications for the best bracing for CAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadadi
- 1 Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,2 Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abbasi
- 3 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Benca E, Ziai P, Hirtler L, Schuh R, Zandieh S, Windhager R. Biomechanical evaluation of different ankle orthoses in a simulated lateral ankle sprain in two different modes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1174-1180. [PMID: 31059147 PMCID: PMC6852038 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ankle orthoses are commonly used for prevention of recurrent ankle sprains. While there are some data on their functional performance or restriction of range of motion, there is little knowledge on the quantifiable passive mechanical effectiveness of various devices. This study aimed to determine the prophylactic stabilization effect for commonly prescribed ankle orthoses in a simulated recurrent ankle sprain. Eleven anatomic lower leg specimens were tested in plantar flexion and hindfoot inversion in a simulated ankle sprain in a quasi-static and dynamic test mode at 0.5°/s and 50°/s internal rotation, respectively. Tests included intact specimens, same specimens with the ruptured anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), followed by stabilization with five different semi-rigid orthoses: AirGo Ankle Brace, Air Stirrup Ankle Brace, Dyna Ankle 50S1, MalleoLoc, and Aequi. Compared to the injured and unprotected state, two orthoses (AirGo and Air Stirrup) significantly reinforced the ankle. The Aequi ankle brace restored stability comparable to an intact joint. Dyna Ankle 50S1 and MalleoLoc provided insufficient resistance to applied internal rotation compared to the ankle with ruptured ATFL. Ankle orthoses varied significantly in their ability to stabilize the unstable ankle during an ankle sprain in both testing modes. Presented objective data on passive stabilization reveal a lack of supporting evidence for clinical application of ankle orthoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Benca
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pejman Ziai
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Hirtler
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Schuh
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahin Zandieh
- Department of Radiology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abbasi F, Bahramizadeh M, Hadadi M. Comparison of the effect of foot orthoses on Star Excursion Balance Test performance in patients with chronic ankle instability. Prosthet Orthot Int 2019; 43:6-11. [PMID: 30101681 DOI: 10.1177/0309364618792718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic ankle instability as a prevalent consequence of ankle sprain causes various impairments such as balance and postural control deficits. Foot orthoses are one of the common interventions for rehabilitation of patients with chronic ankle instability. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of custom-molded foot orthoses with textured surfaces on dynamic balance of chronic ankle instability patients and to compare their effects with other types of foot orthoses. STUDY DESIGN: This is a repeated measure design. METHODS: A total of 30 participants were recruited based on the guideline introduced by the International Ankle Consortium. The effect of prefabricated, custom-molded, and custom-molded with textured surface foot orthoses was evaluated on dynamic balance by the Star Excursion Balance Test. Normalized reach distances in anteromedial, medial, and posteromedial directions of the test were computed to be used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The foot orthoses increased reach distances compared to the no-orthosis conditions in all three directions. The custom-molded with textured surface foot orthosis has significant differences compared with prefabricated foot orthosis ( p = 0.001) in all measured directions and with custom-molded foot orthosis ( p < 0.01) in medial and posteromedial directions. CONCLUSION: Foot orthoses improve reach distances in patients with chronic ankle instability. Custom-molded with textured surface foot orthosis has a more pronounced effect compared with other foot orthoses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The custom-molded foot orthosis with textured surface could be an effective device to improve dynamic balance in chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients. It may be considered as an efficient intervention to reduce ankle sprain recurrence in these individuals, although further research should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abbasi
- 1 Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bahramizadeh
- 1 Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadadi
- 2 Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,3 Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Saracoglu I, Emuk Y, Taspinar F. Does taping in addition to physiotherapy improve the outcomes in subacromial impingement syndrome? A systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 34:251-263. [PMID: 29111849 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taping is used with or without other interventions for many purposes, especially to manage pain and improve functional activity in patients with shoulder pain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to determine whether any taping technique in addition to physiotherapy care is more effective than physiotherapy care alone in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. METHODS A systematic search of Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, MEDLINE (EBSCO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL (EBSCO), PUBMED, AMED, EMBASE (OVID), The Kinesio Kinesio® Taping Method, Kinesio® Tex Tape UK and International websites ( www.kinesiotaping.co.uk ; www.kinesiotaping.com ) was conducted to June 2015. The outcome measures were pain, disability, range of motion and muscle strength. As data were not suitable for meta-analysis, narrative synthesis were applied. RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials and one controlled trial (135 patients) were included. The results were conflicting and weak on the effectiveness of taping as an adjunct therapy for improvement of pain, disability, range of motion and muscle strength. CONCLUSION Clinical taping in addition to physiotherapy interventions (e.g. exercise, electrotherapy, and manual therapy) might be an optional modality for managing patients with shoulder impingement syndrome, especially for the initial stage of the treatment; however, we need further robust, placebo controlled and consistent studies to prove whether it is more effective than physiotherapy interventions without taping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Saracoglu
- a Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Emuk
- b Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ferruh Taspinar
- a Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
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Rossato M, Dellagrana RA, Dos Santos JCL, Carpes FP, Gheller RG, da Silva DADCS, Bezerra EDS, Dos Santos JOL. Rebound boots change lower limb muscle activation and kinematics during different fitness exercises. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:873-878. [PMID: 29037642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate electromyography and kinematic parameters of the lower limbs using rebound boots (RB) and barefoot during a gym workout. This information can be helpful to practitioners to schedule rehabilitation and training programs. Ten women (25 ± 9 years) volunteered for the study; inclusion criteria were as follows: subjects must have experienced the use of RB and the analyzed exercises for at least 6 months, and have no previous injuries in the lower limbs. Seven exercises were performed for 30 s with the RB and subsequently barefoot. Data from muscle activation of vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and 2D kinematics were collected. The use of RB triggered postural changes, characterized by greater hip extension (in 4 of the exercises) and knee extension (in 6 of the exercises) for the landing. RB reduced activation mainly in LG (in 6 of the exercise) while no changes were observed for VL (except in exercise 1) and BF. RB change kinematics and muscle activation suggesting changes in the way the legs absorb and transmit force during jumps. LG was the main muscle affected by the use of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Rossato
- Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe P Carpes
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ewertton de Souza Bezerra
- Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
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Hadadi M, Ebrahimi I, Mousavi ME, Aminian G, Esteki A, Rahgozar M. The effect of combined mechanism ankle support on postural control of patients with chronic ankle instability. Prosthet Orthot Int 2017; 41:58-64. [PMID: 26271261 DOI: 10.1177/0309364615596068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability is associated with neuromechanical changes and poor postural stability. Despite variety of mechanisms of foot and ankle orthoses, almost none apply comprehensive mechanisms to improve postural control in all subgroups of chronic ankle instability patients. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an ankle support implementing combined mechanisms to improve postural control in chronic ankle instability patients. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS An ankle support with combined mechanism was designed based on most effective action mechanisms of foot and ankle orthoses. The effect of this orthosis on postural control was evaluated in 20 participants with chronic ankle instability and 20 matched healthy participants. The single-limb stance balance test was measured in both groups with and without the new orthosis using a force platform. RESULTS The results showed that application of combined mechanism ankle support significantly improved all postural sway parameters in chronic ankle instability patients. There were no differences in means of investigated parameters with and without the orthosis in the healthy group. No statistically significant differences were found in postural sway between chronic ankle instability patients and healthy participants after applying the combined mechanism ankle support. CONCLUSION The combined mechanism ankle support is effective in improving static postural control of chronic ankle instability patients to close to the postural sway of healthy individual. the orthosis had no adverse effects on balance performance of healthy individuals. Clinical relevance Application of the combined mechanism ankle support for patients with chronic ankle instability is effective in improving static balance. This may be helpful in reduction of recurrence of ankle sprain although further research about dynamic conditions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadadi
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Ebrahimi
- 2 Department of Physical therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Mousavi
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Aminian
- 1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esteki
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahgozar
- 4 Department of Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alguacil-Diego IM, de-la-Torre-Domingo C, López-Román A, Miangolarra-Page JC, Molina-Rueda F. Effect of elastic bandage on postural control in subjects with chronic ankle instability: a randomised clinical trial. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:806-812. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1276975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Alguacil-Diego
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos de-la-Torre-Domingo
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Román
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Miangolarra-Page
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina-Rueda
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Zwiers R, Vuurberg G, Blankevoort L, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. Taping and bracing in the prevention of ankle sprains: current concepts. J ISAKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2016-000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Hong S, Shim J, Kim S, Namkoong S, Roh H. Effect of kinesio taping on the isokinetic muscle function in football athletes with a knee injury. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:218-22. [PMID: 26957761 PMCID: PMC4756007 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in isokinetic muscle
function in football athletes with a knee injury with and without kinesio taping.
[Subjects] The subjects for this study were 10 football athletes (males) with a knee
injury. [Methods] Measurements were performed by using Cybex dynamometer under uniform
motion before and after the application of kinesio tape to the quadriceps and hamstring
muscle. Maximal concentric knee extension and flexion at three angular velocities (60°/s,
120°/s, and 180°/s) were measured. [Results] A significant difference was found in peak
torque and total work of the flexion at 120°/s and 180°/s, as well as in the average power
of extension at 180°/s. [Conclusion] Though it is not the main therapy for muscle function
in football athletes with injury, kinesio taping was an effective adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoonKwon Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Emergency Medical Rehabilitation, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - JeMyung Shim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - SungJoong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Namkoong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoLyun Roh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Kinesiology Tape on Measurements of Balance in Subjects With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96:2169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lam GWK, Park EJ, Lee KK, Cheung JTM. Shoe collar height effect on athletic performance, ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during unanticipated maximum-effort side-cutting performance. J Sports Sci 2015; 33:1738-49. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1011206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Factors Affecting Ankle Support Device Usage in Young Basketball Players. J Clin Med 2013; 2:22-31. [PMID: 26236986 PMCID: PMC4470115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explores factors affecting the decision of basketball players to wear ankle support devices (ASDs). A questionnaire regarding attitudes towards ASD usage was developed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The questionnaire assessed HBM perceptions (susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers) and modifying factors (demographic, personal history of ankle injury, influence of coach to preventive action) that may affect an athlete's decision to wear ASDs. One hundred forty basketball players competing at the recreational, high school, or university levels completed the questionnaire, with the questionnaires being completed at the basketball gymnasium or at home. It was found that athletes whose coaches enforced ASD use were significantly more likely to wear them (OR: 35.71; 95% CI: 10.01, 127.36), as were athletes who perceived ankle injuries to be severe (OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.04, 7.37). Previous injury did not significantly increase the odds of using an ASD. The combined influence of coach enforcement and previous injury had the greatest effect on increasing ASD use. The largest barrier to ASD use was a lack of aesthetic appeal. Strategies aimed at increasing players' willingness to wear ankle protection should be emphasized among coaches and parents as this may increase use of ASDs.
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20
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Duysens J, Hoogkamer W, Levin O. Is there "arthrogenic inhibition" of cutaneous reflexes in subjects with functional ankle instability? Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1264-6. [PMID: 23567073 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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A comparison of the effects of ankle taping styles on biomechanics during ankle inversion. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 56:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Miller H, Needle AR, Swanik CB, Gustavsen GA, Kaminski TW. Role of external prophylactic support in restricting accessory ankle motion after exercise. Foot Ankle Int 2012; 33:862-9. [PMID: 23050711 DOI: 10.3113/fai.2012.0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To both prevent and accelerate recovery and return-to-play from ankle sprains, clinicians frequently employ the use of external prophylactic support (EPS), such as taping and bracing, to provide mechanical support to the ankle joint. While common practice clinically, research has been inconclusive in demonstrating the effectiveness of EPS in restricting accessory motion (laxity) throughout activity, as well as its efficacy in restricting laxity in patients with complaints of ankle instability, and patients with a history of ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of EPS type (None, Tape, Brace) on ankle laxity before and after exercise in subjects with varying degrees of previous ankle injury. METHODS Ankles from 24 participants (age, 20.6 ± 1.6 years; height, 173.6 ± 8.3 cm; mass, 72.8 ± 12.2 kg) were placed into one of three groups: healthy control (CON), potential coper (COP), and functionally unstable (UNS). Ankle laxity was assessed using an ankle arthrometer at 4 points in time; prior to EPS application, immediately following EPS application, following a 20-minute functional exercise protocol with EPS, and following removal of EPS. Peak ankle anterior displacement (ANT), inversion rotation (INV), and eversion rotation (EVR) were compared between groups and across conditions using a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS Taping and bracing each decreased laxity from pre-application to pre-exercise and post-exercise. Tape provided greater restriction post-exercise in inversion and eversion rotation. Additionally, the UNS group demonstrated significantly greater anterior displacement post-exercise following removal of the brace compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Compared to pre-application and post-removal, EPS significantly decreased ankle laxity before and after physical activity, with taping providing better restriction in inversion and eversion rotation throughout exercise. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Following EPS removal, bracing revealed a greater increase in post-exercise laxity in subjects with ankle instability, suggesting tape may be more beneficial for controlling laxity in these patients.
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23
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Polzer H, Kanz KG, Prall WC, Haasters F, Ockert B, Mutschler W, Grote S. Diagnosis and treatment of acute ankle injuries: development of an evidence-based algorithm. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2012; 4:e5. [PMID: 22577506 PMCID: PMC3348693 DOI: 10.4081/or.2012.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ankle injuries are among the most common injuries in emergency departments. However, there are still no standardized examination procedures or evidence-based treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically search the current literature, classify the evidence, and develop an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of acute ankle injuries. We systematically searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database for randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews or, if applicable, observational studies and classified them according to their level of evidence. According to the currently available literature, the following recommendations have been formulated: i) the Ottawa Ankle/Foot Rule should be applied in order to rule out fractures; ii) physical examination is sufficient for diagnosing injuries to the lateral ligament complex; iii) classification into stable and unstable injuries is applicable and of clinical importance; iv) the squeeze-, crossed leg- and external rotation test are indicative for injuries of the syndesmosis; v) magnetic resonance imaging is recommended to verify injuries of the syndesmosis; vi) stable ankle sprains have a good prognosis while for unstable ankle sprains, conservative treatment is at least as effective as operative treatment without the related possible complications; vii) early functional treatment leads to the fastest recovery and the least rate of reinjury; viii) supervised rehabilitation reduces residual symptoms and re-injuries. Taken these recommendations into account, we present an applicable and evidence-based, step by step, decision pathway for the diagnosis and treatment of acute ankle injuries, which can be implemented in any emergency department or doctor's practice. It provides quality assurance for the patient and promotes confidence in the attending physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Polzer
- Munich University Hospital, Dept. Trauma Surgery - Innenstadt Campus, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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24
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Kim JH, Kim HY, Chung K, Chung JM. Responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons to foot movements in rats with a sprained ankle. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105:2043-9. [PMID: 21389306 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00852.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ankle injuries are common problems and often lead to persistent pain. To investigate the underlying mechanism of ankle sprain pain, the response properties of spinal dorsal horn neurons were examined after ankle sprain. Acute ankle sprain was induced manually by overextending the ankle of a rat hindlimb in a direction of plantarflexion and inversion. The weight-bearing ratio (WBR) of the affected foot was used as an indicator of pain. Single unit activities of dorsal horn neurons in response to plantarflexion and inversion of the foot or ankle compression were recorded from the medial part of the deep dorsal horn, laminae IV-VI, in normal and ankle-sprained rats. One day after ankle sprain, rats showed significantly reduced WBRs on the affected foot, and this reduction was partially restored by systemic morphine. The majority of deep dorsal horn neurons responded to a single ankle stimulus modality. After ankle sprain, the mean evoked response rates were significantly increased, and afterdischarges were developed in recorded dorsal horn neurons. The ankle sprain-induced enhanced evoked responses were significantly reduced by morphine, which was reversed by naltrexone. The data indicate that movement-specific dorsal horn neuron responses were enhanced after ankle sprain in a morphine-dependent manner, thus suggesting that hyperactivity of dorsal horn neurons is an underlying mechanism of pain after ankle sprain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyo Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA
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25
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Kim JH, Kim HY, Chung K, Chung JM. Electroacupuncture reduces the evoked responses of the spinal dorsal horn neurons in ankle-sprained rats. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105:2050-7. [PMID: 21389301 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00853.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is shown to be effective in producing analgesia in ankle sprain pain in humans and animals. To examine the underlying mechanisms of the acupuncture-induced analgesia, the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on weight-bearing forces (WBR) of the affected foot and dorsal horn neuron activities were examined in a rat model of ankle sprain. Ankle sprain was induced manually by overextending ligaments of the left ankle in the rat. Dorsal horn neuron responses to ankle movements or compression were recorded from the lumbar spinal cord using an in vivo extracellular single unit recording setup 1 day after ankle sprain. EA was applied to the SI-6 acupoint on the right forelimb (contralateral to the sprained ankle) by trains of electrical pulses (10 Hz, 1-ms pulse width, 2-mA intensity) for 30 min. After EA, WBR of the sprained foot significantly recovered and dorsal horn neuron activities were significantly suppressed in ankle-sprained rats. However, EA produced no effect in normal rats. The inhibitory effect of EA on hyperactivities of dorsal horn neurons of ankle-sprained rats was blocked by the α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (5 mg/kg ip) but not by the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (10 mg/kg ip). These data suggest that EA-induced analgesia in ankle sprain pain is mediated mainly by suppressing dorsal horn neuron activities through α-adrenergic descending inhibitory systems at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyo Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA
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26
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Chan YY, Fong DTP, Chung MML, Li WJ, Liao WH, Yung PSH, Chan KM. Identification of ankle sprain motion from common sporting activities by dorsal foot kinematics data. J Biomech 2010; 43:1965-9. [PMID: 20394934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presented a method to identify ankle sprain motion from common sporting activities by dorsal foot kinematics data. Six male subjects performed 300 simulated supination sprain trials and 300 non-sprain trials in a laboratory. Eight motion sensors were attached to the right dorsal foot to collect three-dimensional linear acceleration and angular velocity kinematics data, which were used to train up a support vector machine (SVM) model for the identification purpose. Results suggested that the best identification method required only one motion sensor located at the medial calcaneus, and the method was verified on another group of six subjects performing 300 simulated supination sprain trials and 300 non-sprain trials. The accuracy of this method was 91.3%, and the method could help developing a mobile motion sensor system for ankle sprain detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yan Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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The effect on neuromuscular stability, performance, multi-joint coordination and proprioception of barefoot, taping or preventative bracing. Foot (Edinb) 2009; 19:205-10. [PMID: 20307478 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effects of taping and preventive bracing on functional balance, jumping performance, multi-joint coordination and proprioception on comparison to barefoot and each other. DESIGN Controlled trial as an experiment with the independent variable testing in 3 trials: control (barefooted), preventive bracing, and taping. SETTING The sports physiotherapy research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty physically active male university students aged between 20 and 28 who had been free from lower extremity pathology for 12 months and had no previous history of ankle sprain served as participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Single leg balance (s), jumping performance (cm), coordination and proprioception assessments by the Functional Squat System. The software automatically calculated the absolute average error (cm) and the standard deviation (SD) of the average error. Average errors were independently quantified as a function of the action mode (concentric versus eccentric) and of the lower limb (dominant versus non-dominant). RESULTS There was no significant difference among the groups for balance tests (p>0.05). For vertical jump performance of bilateral and the dominant leg there were significant differences that the barefoot group had better results compared to the other groups (p=0.059; 0.017). According to the coordination results of Functional Squat System participants were better in brace and tape situations since the deviations were less for all concentric and eccentric positions. Deviation results for the proprioception test were different for first visual and non-visual deviations for dominant leg (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, bracing and taping may play an important role in preventing injury or rehabilitation of the injured ankle by improving concentric and eccentric coordination, proprioception with the ability of reproducing motion in closed kinetic chain while decreasing vertical jump performance. No superiority of brace over tape or vice versa was found in this study.
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28
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Hopper D, Samsson K, Hulenik T, Ng C, Hall T, Robinson K. The influence of Mulligan ankle taping during balance performance in subjects with unilateral chronic ankle instability. Phys Ther Sport 2009; 10:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fong DT, Chan YY, Mok KM, Yung PS, Chan KM. Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2009; 1:14. [PMID: 19640309 PMCID: PMC2724472 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2555-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the current understanding on acute ankle sprain injury, which is the most common acute sport trauma, accounting for about 14% of all sport-related injuries. Among, 80% are ligamentous sprains caused by explosive inversion or supination. The injury motion often happens at the subtalar joint and tears the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) which possesses the lowest ultimate load among the lateral ligaments at the ankle. For extrinsic risk factors to ankle sprain injury, prescribing orthosis decreases the risk while increased exercise intensity in soccer raises the risk. For intrinsic factors, a foot size with increased width, an increased ankle eversion to inversion strength, plantarflexion strength and ratio between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength, and limb dominance could increase the ankle sprain injury risk. Players with a previous sprain history, players wearing shoes with air cells, players who do not stretch before exercising, players with inferior single leg balance, and overweight players are 4.9, 4.3, 2.6, 2.4 and 3.9 times more likely to sustain an ankle sprain injury. The aetiology of most ankle sprain injuries is incorrect foot positioning at landing – a medially-deviated vertical ground reaction force causes an explosive supination or inversion moment at the subtalar joint in a short time (about 50 ms). Another aetiology is the delayed reaction time of the peroneal muscles at the lateral aspect of the ankle (60–90 ms). The failure supination or inversion torque is about 41–45 Nm to cause ligamentous rupture in simulated spraining tests on cadaver. A previous case report revealed that the ankle joint reached 48 degrees inversion and 10 degrees internal rotation during an accidental grade I ankle ligamentous sprain injury during a dynamic cutting trial in laboratory. Diagnosis techniques and grading systems vary, but the management of ankle ligamentous sprain injury is mainly conservative. Immobilization should not be used as it results in joint stiffness, muscle atrophy and loss of proprioception. Traditional Chinese medicine such as herbs, massage and acupuncture were well applied in China in managing sports injuries, and was reported to be effective in relieving pain, reducing swelling and edema, and restoring normal ankle function. Finally, the best practice of sports medicine would be to prevent the injury. Different previous approaches, including designing prophylactice devices, introducing functional interventions, as well as change of games rules were highlighted. This paper allows the readers to catch up with the previous researches on ankle sprain injury, and facilitate the future research idea on sport-related ankle sprain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tp Fong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yue-Yan Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kam-Ming Mok
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Patrick Sh Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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30
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Dizon JMR, Reyes JJB. A systematic review on the effectiveness of external ankle supports in the prevention of inversion ankle sprains among elite and recreational players. J Sci Med Sport 2009; 13:309-17. [PMID: 19586798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that 10-28% of all sports injuries are ankle sprains, leading to the longest absence from athletic activity compared to other types of injuries. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of external ankle supports in the prevention of inversion ankle sprains and identify which type of ankle support was superior to the other. A search strategy was developed, using the keywords, ankle supports, ankle brace, ankle tapes, ankle sprains and athletes, to identify available literature in the databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, etc.), libraries and unpublished papers. Trials which consider adolescents and adults, elite and recreational players as participants were the study of choice. External ankle supports comprise ankle tape, brace or orthosis applied to the ankle to prevent ankle sprains. The main outcome measures were frequency of ankle sprains. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the studies included using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI Appraisal tool). Whenever possible, results were statistically pooled and interpreted. A total of seven trials were finally included in this study. The studies included were of moderate quality, with blinding as the hardest criteria to fulfill. The main significant finding was the reduction of ankle sprain by 69% (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.51) with the use of ankle brace and reduction of ankle sprain by 71% (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.57) with the use of ankle tape among previously injured athletes. No type of ankle support was found to be superior than the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Margarita R Dizon
- Center for Research on Movement Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Australia.
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Abián-Vicén J, Alegre LM, Fernández-Rodríguez JM, Aguado X. Prophylactic ankle taping: elastic versus inelastic taping. Foot Ankle Int 2009; 30:218-25. [PMID: 19321098 DOI: 10.3113/fai.2009.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ankle is frequently injured in sporting activities, and therefore it is frequently protected with prophylactic ankle taping. This study aimed first, to compare the mechanical fatigue of two types of prophylactic ankle taping after 30 minutes of intense exercise, one made with elastic tape (ET) and the other with inelastic tape (IT), and second, to investigate the subjects' perception on the tape restriction and comfort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven active women (mean age, 20.6 +/- 4.1 years), without previous ankle injuries volunteered for the study. The participants were tested on three different conditions: with elastic ankle taping, with inelastic taping, and without taping, before and after 30 minutes of intense exercise. The ankle passive ranges of movement (ROMs) were measured before and after exercise, and a subjective scale on taping comfort and restriction was completed by the subjects. RESULTS Both types of ankle taping showed less ROM restriction after 30 minutes of exercise in inversion (IT = 27% and ET = 21%), and plantarflexion (IT = 8% and ET = 6%). The IT showed more loss of restriction than the ET, with significant differences in inversion (p < 0.05). The participants perceived the ET as more comfortable and less restrictive. CONCLUSION We would recommend the use of ET as the first choice for prophylactic ankle taping because it produces the same restriction in the ROM as the IT with less taping fatigue, and is perceived as more comfortable and less restrictive by the users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abián-Vicén
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Tecnológico Antigua Fábrica de Armas, Avenida Carlos III S/N., 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Sankey RA, Brooks JHM, Kemp SPT, Haddad FS. The epidemiology of ankle injuries in professional rugby union players. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36:2415-24. [PMID: 18779364 DOI: 10.1177/0363546508322889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle injuries represent a considerable proportion of injuries to professional rugby union players; however, there is a scarcity of detailed epidemiology about these injuries. PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology and assess the risk factors associated with ankle injuries sustained by a cohort of professional rugby union players. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHOD Medical personnel prospectively reported time-loss injuries in professional rugby union in England, and the ankle injuries were evaluated. RESULTS Lateral ankle ligament injuries were the most common injury reported during matches and training, and together with Achilles tendon injuries, they accounted for more than half of the absence due to injury. The incidence rate of injuries was highest in second-row forwards. More than a quarter of injuries were recurrences. CONCLUSION Lateral ankle ligament injuries and Achilles tendon injuries should be a focus of injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies in professional rugby union players.
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Hardy L, Huxel K, Brucker J, Nesser T. Prophylactic ankle braces and star excursion balance measures in healthy volunteers. J Athl Train 2008; 43:347-51. [PMID: 18668181 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of prophylactic ankle braces on lower extremity functional performance in healthy participants have not been studied extensively. OBJECTIVE To determine if prophylactic ankle braces affected multidirectional reach distances during a test of dynamic balance. DESIGN Crossover. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six healthy, physically active volunteers (18 men, 18 women; age = 23.6 +/- 2.7 years, height = 173.8 +/- 9.3 cm, mass = 74.4 +/- 12.7 kg, reach-leg length = 91.9 +/- 5.1 cm). INTERVENTION(S) Volunteers performed balance testing in 3 conditions: unbraced, while wearing a semirigid ankle brace, and while wearing a lace-up ankle brace. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We used the Star Excursion Balance Test, calculating the mean of 3 attempts in 8 directions (anterior, anterior-medial, medial, posterior-medial, posterior, posterior-lateral, lateral, and anterior-lateral), normalized by the participant's reach-leg length. Data were collected after 6 practice attempts for each of the conditions according to a balanced Latin square. RESULTS Bracing condition had no effect (P > .05) on any of the Star Excursion Balance Test directional measures. The largest mean difference due to bracing was 2.5% between the lace-up brace condition and the control in the posterior reach direction. This indicates that the actual reach differences due to bracing were less than 5.08 cm (2 inches) in length. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians can be confident that the prophylactic use of ankle braces does not disrupt lower extremity dynamic balance during a reaching task in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hardy
- Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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Konservative Therapie bei Knorpelschäden am oberen Sprunggelenk. DER ORTHOPADE 2008; 37:224-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00132-008-1218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alexander CM, McMullan M, Harrison PJ. What is the effect of taping along or across a muscle on motoneurone excitability? A study using Triceps Surae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:57-62. [PMID: 17188548 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Taping along the skin overlying lower trapezius reduces motoneurone excitability in healthy subjects [Alexander, C.M., Stynes, S., Thomas, A., Lewis, J., Harison, P.J., 2003. Does tape facilitate or inhibit the lower fibres of trapezius? Manual Therapy 8, 37-41]. It remains unclear whether this effect is: (a) specific to trapezius and (b) specific to the direction of application of the tape. In light of this, the excitability of another muscle was measured in order to see if these results were repeatable and independent of the muscle taped. Thus, the excitability of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG and LG) and soleus (Sol) motoneurone pool was assessed using the Hoffman reflex (H reflex). The amplitude of this reflex was measured with the tape aligned across and then along the direction of the MG muscle fibres. Tape aligned across the fibres failed to affect motoneurone excitability (MG P=0.61, LG P=0.69, Sol P=0.17). Under tape and sports tape applied together aligned along the MG muscle reduced the excitability of both MG and LG (19% (P=0.01) and 13% (P=0.01), respectively). These observations suggest that any change to movement patterns with tape application cannot be explained by facilitation of the motoneurone excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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36
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Unver B, Karatosun V, Kilic E. The Effects of External Supports on Knee Flexion Degree. J Phys Ther Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.20.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emine Kilic
- School of Physiotherapy, Dokuz Eylül University
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37
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Sacco IDCN, Takahasi HY, Suda EY, Battistella LR, Kavamoto CA, Lopes JAF, Vasconcelos JCPD. Ground reaction force in basketball cutting maneuvers with and without ankle bracing and taping. SAO PAULO MED J 2006; 124:245-52. [PMID: 17262153 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802006000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE In basketball, the most common injuries are ankle sprains. For this reason, players frequently use external ankle devices or taping as prophylactic and rehabilitation measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ground reaction force (GRF) responses in basketball players while performing typical cutting maneuvers with and without ankle bracing and ankle taping. DESIGN AND SETTING Comparative study with experimental design of single-group repeated measurements, at Medical Rehabilitation Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS Vertical (Fy) and medial-lateral (Fz) GRF measurements were made under three conditions (taping, Aircast-type orthosis and basketball shoes alone), with analysis of peak forces at foot contact (Fymax1, Fzmax1, Fymax2 and Fzmax2), growth gradient (peak/time) (GG Fymax1, GG Fzmax1, GG Fymax2 and GG Fzmax2) and impulse after foot contact. RESULTS Bracing significantly reduced Fymax2 and GG Fymax2. GG Fzmax1 was significantly higher for the sport shoe condition than for the taping condition. Taping increased Fy in relation to the sport shoe at foot contact, but over a longer time interval, without increasing excessive ankle loading. Fz reached a peak in less time, which might generate greater inversion/eversion loading on a player's foot. The Aircast exerted better shock-absorbing effect than did the other two conditions, since it generated less vertical force over longer time intervals and smaller medial-lateral forces in relation to taping. CONCLUSIONS Ankle bracing and ankle taping action mechanisms are still unclear and therefore should be carefully prescribed. More studies are needed to clarify taping and bracing effects on sporting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de Camargo Neves Sacco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Cipotânia 51, Cidade Universitária São Paulo (SP), CEP 05360-000, Brazil.
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Patton MS, Johnstone AJ, Smith FW. A complex fracture of the talus following a rugby union line-out. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 9:185-9. [PMID: 16621708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fractures of the talus are frequently difficult to treat. The vulnerable blood supply and abundant articular surfaces may lead to long-term problems with avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis. A case of a complex injury to the talus occurring in a rugby union player during a line-out is presented. The laws relating to line-out play disallow "lifting" and "levering" in the line out, but in reality allow "supporting" of the jumper on his shorts, once he has jumped. A further law insists on "lowering" of the supported jumper to the ground as soon as the ball has been won. This unusual injury to the talus clearly demonstrates the potential dangers of the line-out and the necessity that the laws of the game must be strictly adhered to, in order to ensure the safety of the line-out jumper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Patton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Grampian University Hospitals NHS Trust, Woodend Hospital, Eday Road, Aberdeen, Scotland AB15 6ZQ, United Kingdom.
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40
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Yang J, Bowling JM, Lewis MA, Marshall SW, Runyan CW, Mueller FO. Use of discretionary protective equipment in high school athletes: prevalence and determinants. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:1996-2002. [PMID: 16195528 PMCID: PMC1449474 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2004.050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to describe the use of discretionary protective equipment among high school athletes and to examine social and behavioral determinants contributing to equipment usage. METHODS We analyzed data from a 3-year (1996-1999), stratified, 2-stage cluster sample of athletes engaged in 12 organized sports in 100 North Carolina high schools (n=19728 athlete-seasons) (an athlete-season represents an individual student who participates in a particular sport in a particular season). We used generalized logistic regression to model the association of social and behavioral determinants and demographic variables with discretionary protective equipment use. RESULTS About one third of high school athletes self-reported using lower extremity discretionary protective equipment. Girls, seniors, those who played limited-contact sports, and those who played multiple sports reported higher usage. Small school size, low player/coach ratio, high proportion of team usage, and history of previous lower extremity injury were important predictors of usage. Coaches' experience, qualifications, and training, however, were not predictive of usage. CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts to promote use of discretionary protective equipment need to target school-level factors and should consider both team requirements and the role of peers in setting and reinforcing norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, USA.
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the prevalence of protective equipment use and the motivation for using protective equipment among a sample of US female rugby players. DESIGN/METHODS We surveyed a convenience sample of 234 current US female rugby players from 14 teams participating in a US women's rugby tournament, obtaining self-reported demographic, rugby exposure, and protective equipment use information. RESULTS Mouthguards were the most commonly used piece of protective equipment: 90.8% of players reported having always worn a mouthguard while playing or practicing rugby within their most recent 3 months of play. Fewer than 15% of players reported having always worn other types of protective equipment. Equipment use varied by playing position. Whereas over 80% of players in all other positions always wore a mouthguard, 66.7% of scrum halves reported always wearing one. Both backs and forwards reported wearing shoulder pads, but only forwards reported always wearing padded headgear. Mouthguards, padded headgear, and shoulder pads were worn "to prevent injury," whereas ankle braces, neoprene sleeves, and athletic tape on joints were worn "to protect a current/recent injury." CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of female rugby players to assess the prevalence of protective equipment use by playing position and the motivation for using protective equipment. With the exception of mouthguards, US female rugby players infrequently use protective equipment. Protective equipment use varies by playing position. Some types of protective equipment appear to be used as primary prevention mechanisms, whereas others are used as secondary or tertiary prevention mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dawn Comstock
- Children's Research Institute, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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42
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Cordova ML, Scott BD, Ingersoll CD, LeBlanc MJ. Effects of ankle support on lower-extremity functional performance: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37:635-41. [PMID: 15809563 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000159141.78989.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Clinicians surmise that the application of external ankle support reduces the ability to perform functional skills and movements, but the outcomes from some of these studies have been inconclusive. PURPOSE To meta-analyze studies regarding the effects of external ankle support on lower-extremity functional performance measures. METHODS A total of 93 effects from 17 randomized controlled trials utilizing predominantly crossover designs with recreationally active participants and competitive athletes were subjected to a random-effects meta-analysis. The treatment variable was external ankle support with three levels: adhesive tape, lace-up style, and semirigid style. Differences between mean changes in treatment and control groups were computed as standardized effect sizes for sprint, agility, and vertical jump performance with their 90% confidence intervals (CI). Effect sizes >0.20 were considered substantial. RESULTS The greatest effect of ankle support on performance was a negative effect of lace-up style brace on sprint speed (effect size -0.22, 90% CI -0.47 to 0.03), equivalent to approximately 1% impairment of speed. The other effects of external ankle support on performance were insubstantial, though most were negative, and their lower confidence limits allowed for realistic chances of impaired performance. Substantial true variation between studies, although poorly defined, was also present for some effects, further increasing the likelihood of performance impairment in some settings. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in the effects of external ankle support on performance. In the meantime, it is our opinion that the benefit in preventing injury outweighs the possibility of substantial but small impairment of performance when athletes use external ankle support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Cordova
- Athletic Training Department, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809-9989, USA.
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Yang J, Marshall SW, Bowling JM, Runyan CW, Mueller FO, Lewis MA. Use of discretionary protective equipment and rate of lower extremity injury in high school athletes. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:511-9. [PMID: 15746467 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of protective equipment is an important sports injury prevention strategy, yet use of protective equipment by high school athletes has seldom been studied. The authors analyzed data from a 3-year (1996-1999), stratified, two-stage cluster sample of athletes from 12 organized sports in 100 North Carolina high schools (n = 19,728 athlete-seasons). Information on each athlete's use of protective equipment and prior injury was collected during the preseason. Prospective information on injuries and weekly participation in games and practices was collected during the playing season. Use of lower extremity discretionary protective equipment tended to decrease the overall rate of lower extremity injury (rate ratio (RR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 1.15). However, this slight protective effect was entirely due to kneepad use (for knee injury, RR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.74). Knee brace use and ankle brace use were associated with increased rates of knee injury (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.41) and ankle injury (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.72), respectively. This could be due to slippage of the brace during use, increased fatigue due to the energy cost of wearing a brace, or bias in the study. Further investigation into the effects of brace use is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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44
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Sacco IDC, Takahasi HY, Vasconcellos ÂA, Suda EY, Bacarin TDA, Pereira CS, Battistella LR, Kavamoto C, Lopes JAF, Vasconcelos JCPD. Influência de implementos para o tornozelo nas respostas biomecânicas do salto e aterrissagem no basquete. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922004000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
FUNDAMENTOS E OBJETIVO: O segmento mais freqüentemente lesado no basquetebol é o tornozelo, sendo a entorse por inversão a lesão mais comum. Para evitá-la, é comum o uso de implementos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a força reação do solo (FRS) em jogadores de basquete durante execução do salto em três situações: uso de tênis, bandagem e tênis, e tênis e órtese tipo Aircast. MÉTODOS: Oito atletas foram analisados durante o salto, através de uma plataforma de força, nas três situações citadas, para análise das componentes vertical e horizontal médio-lateral da FRS. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as três situações na componente vertical da FRS durante o salto, embora o uso de bandagem tenda a apresentar, na impulsão, maiores valores do pico de força vertical (3,10 ± 0,46PC; 3,01 ± 0,39PC; 3,03 ± 0,41PC) e do gradiente de crescimento (GC) (12,33 ± 12,21PC; 8,16 ± 3,89PC; 8,46 ± 3,85PC), e durante a aterrissagem, menores valores de pico de força vertical (5,18 ± 1,35PC; 5,56 ± 1,31PC; 5,49 ± 1,44PC) e do GC (88,83 ± 33,85PC; 95,63 ± 42,64PC; 94,53 ± 31,69PC). Durante a impulsão, a força medial do salto com Aircast foi significativamente menor que com tênis (p = 0,0249) e apresentou valor semelhante ao do uso da bandagem, enquanto a força lateral foi significativamente maior com a bandagem do que com tênis (p = 0,0485) e tendeu a ser maior do que o Aircast. Na aterrissagem o componente médio-lateral da FRS ficou inalterado nas três situações. Concluiu-se que a bandagem potencializou a força direcionada ao salto vertical durante a impulsão, porém não estabilizou tanto quanto o Aircast os movimentos de inversão e eversão do pé. Durante a aterrissagem, os implementos não foram efetivos para reduzir a força médio-lateral, mas com a bandagem, houve um tempo maior para absorção do impacto.
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45
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Thoumie P, Sautreuil P, Faucher M. [Evaluation of physiological properties of ankle braces based on a review of the literature]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:225-32. [PMID: 15183261 DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2004.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this work was to proceed to a review of the literature to assess the physiological basis of the ankle brace use. METHOD An analysis of the international literature relating to the years 1980-2002 was carried out by questioning the Medline data bank. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty-two articles were collected and 25 physiological studies were retained. Various changes can occur during brace use, first of all stability parameters and proprioceptive sense. Main changes affect position sense, stiffness, mobility and stability of ankle when standing. DISCUSSION This review of the literature allows to specify the mechanisms involved by brace use in ankle stability. Some studies allow to compare the principal devices used to stabilize the ankle (taping, semi rigid braces) but, no physiological study was able to discriminate between different orthosis models. CONCLUSION Many studies have been conducted in the field of the physiological evaluation of ankle orthosis. When these devices are widely used in current medical practice, physiological studies do not allow to characterize a better device with a specific test. These data point out the methodological difficulties in ankle brace evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thoumie
- Service de rééducation neuro-orthopédique, hôpital Rothschild, 33, boulevard de Picpus, 75012 Paris, France.
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46
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Chalmers DJ, Simpson JC, Depree R. Tackling Rugby injury: lessons learned from the implementation of a five-year sports injury prevention program. J Sci Med Sport 2004; 7:74-84. [PMID: 15139167 DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rugby Union football is a very popular sport in New Zealand but of all the major sports played in that country, it has the highest reported incidence of injury. In 1995, a national rugby injury prevention program was instigated to address this problem. Known as Tackling Rugby Injury, this multifaceted program was implemented over a five-year period. The program was based on the results of a prospective cohort study of rugby injury, known as the Rugby Injury and Performance Project (RIPP), and was organised around seven themes, five relating to the prevention of injury: coaching, fitness, injury management, tackling, and foul play, and two relating to the implementation and evaluation of the program. The purpose of this paper is to describe the lessons learned from the implementation of Tackling Rugby Injury. Qualitative research methods were used to describe the process of implementation, including informant interviews, participant observation, and the scrutiny of written, visual and archival material. Among the lessons learned were the importance of basing injury prevention strategies on scientific evidence rather than popular belief, the difficulty in implementing complex interventions, the advantages of a formal agreement between partners in the implementation of a program, the central role played by coaches in promoting injury prevention strategies, and the value of describing the process of implementation as well as monitoring injury outcomes and changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. It is hoped that other sports wishing to develop injury prevention programs can learn from this experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Chalmers
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Sherrard J, Lenné M, Cassell E, Stokes M, Ozanne-Smith J. Injury prevention during physical activity in the Australian Defence Force. J Sci Med Sport 2004; 7:106-17. [PMID: 15139170 DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injuries sustained by Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel during non-combat military training and sports activity are associated with increasing costs due to work days lost, medical treatment, compensation, and early retirement. In 2001, the ADF commissioned a systematic review of the evidence-base for reducing injuries associated with physical activity, while at the same time improving physical activity participation rates to sustain a trained, fit and deployable workforce. METHOD Literature from on-line library databases, relevant unclassified military reports, and material from previously published sport-specific injury countermeasure reviews were systematically and critically analysed to address the study aims. RESULTS Modification of intensity, frequency and duration of basic military training activities and improved equipment is likely to reduce injury occurrence. Sports injury countermeasures used for the civilian population have merit for the ADF physical activity program. Injury countermeasures should be designed to minimise any possible deterrent effect on the motivation to participate in regular physical activity. Increasing the participation of ADF personnel in physical activity in the presence of evidence-based injury prevention strategies has the potential to increase health, fitness and deployability with minimal impact on injury frequency. CONCLUSION Recommendations arising from the review include injury intervention trials in basic military training and sports. These and other interventions should be supported by refinement to ADF injury surveillance systems. Research should focus on interventions with the greatest gain for fitness, deployability, and cost effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sherrard
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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You SH, Granata KP, Bunker LK. Effects of circumferential ankle pressure on ankle proprioception, stiffness, and postural stability: a preliminary investigation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2004; 34:449-60. [PMID: 15373008 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2004.34.8.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional repeated-measures design. OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of circumferential ankle pressure (CAP) intervention on proprioceptive acuity, ankle stiffness, and postural stability. BACKGROUND The application of CAP using braces, taping, and adaptive shoes or military boots is widely used to address chronic ankle instability (CAI). An underlying assumption is that the CAP intervention might improve ankle stability through increased proprioceptive acuity and stiffness in the ankle. METHOD AND MEASURES: A convenience sample of 10 subjects was recruited from the local university community and categorized according to proprioceptive acuity (high, low) and ankle stability (normal, CAI). Proprioceptive acuity was measured when blindfolded subjects were asked to accurately reproduce a self-selected target ankle position before and after the application of CAP. Proprioceptive acuity was determined in 5 different ankle joint position sense tests: neutral, inversion, eversion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion. Joint position angles were recorded electromechanically using a potentiometer. Passive ankle stiffness was computed from the ratio of applied static moment versus angular displacement. Active ankle stiffness was determined from biomechanical analyses of ankle motion following a mediolateral perturbation. Postural stability was quantified from the center of pressure displacement in the mediolateral and the anteroposterior directions in unipedal stance. All measurements were recorded with and without CAP applied by a pediatric blood pressure cuff. Data were analyzed using a separate mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) for each dependent variable. Post hoc comparison using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test was performed if significant interactions were obtained. Significance level was set at P<.05 for all analyses. RESULTS Significant group (high versus low proprioceptive acuity) x CAP interactions were identified for postural stability. Passive ankle stiffness was not increased by an application of CAP. Active ankle stiffness was significantly different between the high and low proprioceptive acuity groups and was not affected by an application of CAP. Significant group (normal versus CAI) x CAP interactions were observed for mediolateral center-of-pressure displacement with a main effect of group on neutral joint position sense. CONCLUSIONS Application of CAP increased proprioceptive acuity and demonstrated trends toward increased active stiffness in the ankle, hence improved postural stability. The effects tend to be limited to individuals with low proprioceptive acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung H You
- Hampton University Physical Therapy Department, Hampton, VA, USA
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Abstract
The frequent nature of ankle sprains and persistent disability that often ensues has lead to considerable medical costs. As prevention of disease and injury becomes an increasingly important part of the practice of medicine today, we strive to understand and identify interventions that optimally reduce the frequency of ankle sprain and re-injury. In doing so, considerable morbidity and unnecessary medical expenditures may potentially be averted. The prophylactic use of ankle braces is fairly common. Recent critical evaluation of their effectiveness supports their use for at least 6 months following injury in athletes who have sustained a moderate or severe sprain; however, their role in primary prevention of ankle sprain is less evident. Functional ankle rehabilitation is the mainstay of acute ankle sprain treatment and in recent reviews has been deemed preferable to immobilisation or early surgery for initial treatment of acutely injured ankles. Furthermore, certain components of ankle rehabilitation, such as proprioceptive exercises, have been found to protect the joint from re-injury. Multifaceted ankle sprain prevention programmes that incorporate a variety of strategies for injury reduction are also effective in sprain prevention, although the relative importance of each component of such programmes warrants further investigation. Surgery for ankle sprain is principally reserved for patients who fail a comprehensive non-operative treatment programme and can be highly successful in treating chronic functional instability. This paper examines the current literature regarding common ankle sprain prevention strategies and provides a review of appropriate treatment schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Osborne
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Woods C, Hawkins R, Hulse M, Hodson A. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37:233-8. [PMID: 12782548 PMCID: PMC1724634 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.37.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a detailed analysis of ankle sprains sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons. METHODS Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated player injuries. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current injury status. RESULTS Completed injury records for the two competitive seasons were obtained from 87% and 76% of the participating clubs. Ankle ligament sprains accounted for 11% of the total injuries over the two seasons, with over three quarters (77%) of sprains involving the lateral ligament complex. A total of 12 138 days and 2033 matches were missed because of ankle sprains. More sprains were caused by contact mechanisms than non-contact mechanisms (59% v 39%) except in goalkeepers who sustained more non-contact sprains (21% v 79%, p<0.01). Ankle sprains were most often observed during tackles (54%). More ankle sprains were sustained in matches than in training (66% v 33%), with nearly half (48%) observed during the last third of each half of matches. A total of 44% of sprains occurred during the first three months of the season. A high number of players (32%) who sustained ankle sprains were wearing some form of external support. The recurrence rate for ankle sprains was 9% (see methodology for definition of reinjury). CONCLUSION Ankle ligament sprains are common in football usually involving the lateral ligament complex. The high rate of occurrence and recurrence indicates that prevention is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Woods
- The Football Association, Medical and Exercise Department, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK.
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