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Macaluso M, Chiellini C, Ciurli A, Guglielminetti L, Najar B, Taglieri I, Sanmartin C, Bianchi A, Venturi F, Zinnai A. Application of Five Different Chlorella sp. Microalgal Strains for the Treatment of Vegetation Waters Derived from Unconventional Oil Extractions Enriched with Citrus Byproducts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101398. [PMID: 35626969 PMCID: PMC9141023 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has, among its cornerstones, the use of olive oil for its nutraceutical and organoleptic properties. Despite the numerous merits, olive-oil mill wastewater (OMWW), which is generated by the olive-oil extraction process, is one of the most serious environmental pollutants in the Mediterranean countries. The polluting potential of OMWW is due to its high content of tannins, polyphenols, polyalcohols, pectins and lipids. In order to close the recovery cycle of a fortified citrus olive oils previously developed, we tested the ability of five microalgae of the Chlorella group (SEC_LI_ChL_1, CL_Sc, CL_Ch, FB and Idr) in lowering the percentage of total phenolic compounds in vegetation water. This was obtained with three different extraction processes (conventional, and lemon and orange peels) at three concentrations each (10%, 25% and 50%). The results showed that strains Idr, FB and CL_Sc from the Lake Massaciuccoli can tolerate vegetation water from conventional and lemon peel extractions up to 25%; these strains can also reduce the phenolic compounds within the tests. The application of microalgae for OMWW treatment represents an interesting opportunity as well as an eco-friendly low-cost solution to be developed within companies as a full-scale approach, which could be applied to obtain a fortified microalgal biomass to be employed in nutraceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Chiellini
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Ciurli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Khdair AI, Abu-Rumman G, Khdair SI. Pollution estimation from olive mills wastewater in Jordan. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02386. [PMID: 31508530 PMCID: PMC6726716 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMWWs) are a significant source of environmental pollution, especially in important olive oil producing countries such as Spain, Greece, Syria, Jordan and other countries in the Mediterranean. Due to cost issue no treatments plants are currently available at the mills; therefore, OMWW is normally discharged into the environment causing serious environmental problems such as: coloring and pollution of surface and ground waters, soil surface, and foul odors problems. Approximately 209,000 tons of olives have been processed in Jordan in 2017, which generated 175,000 m3 of OMWWs. They generated rougly 3,069 tons of BOD5, 7,956 tons of COD, 149 tons of residual olive oil, 2.07 tons of phenols, 3,753 ton total suspended solids and 4.2 ton of phosphorous. The OMWW is rich in organic matter expressed as BOD5 and COD with COD/BOD5 of 2.6 indicated that OMWWs is not suitable for biological treatment and therefore must be treated before discharge to the environment or sewer system. Cleaner production options and proper environmental waste management systems at the mills are needed to reduce their environmental impact. This may include the adoption of the two-phase mills to reduce water use to less than half the quantities used in traditional and three phases mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan I. Khdair
- Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O.Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- King Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, P.O.Box: 80204, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ghaida Abu-Rumman
- Deptarment of Civil Engineering, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan
| | - Sawsan I. Khdair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
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El Moussaoui T, Jaouad Y, Mandi L, Marrot B, Ouazzani N. Biomass behaviour in a conventional activated sludge system treating olive mill wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:190-202. [PMID: 28276836 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1296899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current work aims to study the biomass behaviour in a continuous mode activated sludge system (ASS) treating olive mill wastewater (OMWW) through an increasing OMWW food to microorganism ration (F/M). To this end, the biomass growth, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), microbial characterization, sludge volume index (SVI) as well as COD and phenolic compounds removal efficiencies were examined over time. Results showed a successful growth of the biomass that reached 6.79 gTSS l-1 and 5.42 gVSS l-1. Its viability, its adaptability, and its good physiological activity were confirmed by the obtained result of SOUR with an average of 9.95 mgO2 gVSS-1h-1, as well as aerobic microbial population characterization in terms of aerobic revivable bacteria at 22°C and 37°C, Pseudomonas sp., mould and yeast and total fungi. The concentration of these strains characterized by their ability to degrade effectively COD and phenolic compounds increased significantly (p < .05) over time. This demonstrated a great promptness in response to the increasing OMWW mass ratio. For all treatment steps, removal efficiencies were high and reached 95% of COD and 93% of phenolic compounds, also the flocs settleability shown by SVI measurement was optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik El Moussaoui
- a Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation LHEA URAC 33 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- b National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - Yasamine Jaouad
- a Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation LHEA URAC 33 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- b National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - Laila Mandi
- a Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation LHEA URAC 33 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- b National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - Benoît Marrot
- c Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille , M2P2 UMR 7340, 13541 , Marseille , France
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- a Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation LHEA URAC 33 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- b National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511 , University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
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Energetic Valorization of Wet Olive Mill Wastes through a Suitable Integrated Treatment: H2O2 with Lime and Anaerobic Digestion. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karahan Özgün Ö, Pala Özkök İ, Kutay C, Orhon D. Characteristics and biodegradability of olive mill wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1240-1248. [PMID: 26507588 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) are mostly characterized by their high-organic content and complex organic compounds in addition to the phenolic compounds. European olive oil manufacturers have to cope up with the same wastewater treatment problem and the applied conventional treatment technologies for OMW were not proved to be very successful in each case. Olive mills are mostly small and medium-sized installations and OMW is generated during the three-four-month-long manufacturing season. The problem is not only the complex wastewater to be treated but also the scattered positioning of the olive mills, the seasonal wastewater generation and the size of the manufacturing facilities. The aim of the study is to identify the organic content of OMW and to assess the biological and chemical treatability of OMWs, in order to assist the development of integrated chemical-biological treatment schemes for best appropriate techniques implementation. The experimental studies show that separation of the particulate fraction improved the biodegradability or reduced the refractory and inhibitory effects of particulate organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Karahan Özgün
- a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department , Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - İlke Pala Özkök
- a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department , Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Can Kutay
- b Arbiogaz Cevre Teknolojileri In. San. Tic. A.S ., Huzur Mah. Umar Sok. No.2 Kat:3, 4.Levent, 34418 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Derin Orhon
- a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department , Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Fernandes LR, Gomes AC, Lopes A, Albuquerque A, Simões RM. Sugar and volatile fatty acids dynamic during anaerobic treatment of olive mill wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:997-1007. [PMID: 26496487 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1096310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production has been the main route used to exploit olive mill wastewater (OMW), after pretreatment and/or in combination with other effluents, but more recently the production of chemicals and biopolymers by biotechnological routes has deserved increasing attention by the scientific community. The present paper aims to explore the potential of fresh OMW as a source of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biogas. The time profile of VFAs production and the corresponding sugar consumption was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, in batch anaerobic assays. The experimental results have revealed the very high potential of the OMW for the production of VFAs, mainly due to the high sugar concentration in the effluent (37.8 g/L) and its complete conversion into VFAs, in a time period of 2-3 days. The most abundant VFAs were acetic (48-50%), n-butanoic (12-27%), iso-pentanoic (12-14%) and propanoic (5-13%). The ratio of VFA containing even and odd carbon chains increased with the reduction in the initial chemical oxygen demand concentration of the samples used in the experiments. The conversion of the VFAs to biogas was inhibited at concentrations of 3.5 g/L of VFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Fernandes
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - A C Gomes
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
- b FibEnTech - Materiais Fibrosos e Tecnologias Ambientais , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - A Lopes
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
- b FibEnTech - Materiais Fibrosos e Tecnologias Ambientais , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - A Albuquerque
- b FibEnTech - Materiais Fibrosos e Tecnologias Ambientais , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
- c Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - R M Simões
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
- b FibEnTech - Materiais Fibrosos e Tecnologias Ambientais , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
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Zirehpour A, Rahimpour A, Jahanshahi M, Peyravi M. Mixed matrix membrane application for olive oil wastewater treatment: process optimization based on Taguchi design method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 132:113-120. [PMID: 24291584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is a concentrated effluent with a high organic load. It has high levels of organic chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic compounds. This study presents a unique process to treat OMW. The process uses ultrafiltration (UF) membranes modified by a functionalized multi wall carbon nano-tube (F-MWCNT). The modified tube has an inner diameter of 15-30 nm and is added to the OMW treatment process to improve performance of the membrane. Tests were done to evaluate the following operating parameters of the UF system; pressure, pH and temperature; also evaluated parameters of permeate flux, flux decline, COD removal and total phenol rejection. The Taguchi robust design method was applied for an optimization evaluation of the experiments. Variance (ANOVA) analysis was used to determine the most significant parameters affecting permeate flux, flux decline, COD removal and total phenols rejection. Results demonstrated coagulation and pH as the most important factors affecting permeate flux of the UF. Moreover, pH and F-MWCNT UF had significant positive effects on flux decline, COD removal and total phenols rejection. Based on the optimum conditions determined by the Taguchi method, evaluations for permeate flux tests; flux decline, COD removal and total phenols rejection were about 21.2 (kg/m(2) h), 12.6%, 72.6% and 89.5%, respectively. These results were in good agreement with those predicted by the Taguchi method (i.e.; 22.8 (kg/m(2) h), 11.9%, 75.8 and 94.7%, respectively). Mechanical performance of the membrane and its application for high organic wastewater treatment were determined as strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zirehpour
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rahimpour
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
| | - Majid Peyravi
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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Kiliç MY, Yonar T, Kestioğlu K. Pilot-scale treatment of olive oil mill wastewater by physicochemical and advanced oxidation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1521-1531. [PMID: 24191487 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.758663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The pilot-scale treatability of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) by physicochemical methods, ultrafiltration and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was investigated. Physicochemical methods (acid cracking, oil separation and coagulation-flocculation) showed high efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (85%), oil and grease (O&G) (> 97%), suspended solids (SS) (> 99%) and phenol (92%) removal from the OOMW. Ultrafiltration followed by physicochemical methods is effective in reducing the SS, O&G. The final permeate quality is found to be excellent with over 90% improvements in the COD and phenol parameters. AOPs (ozonation at a high pH, O3/UV, H2O2/UV, and O3/H2O2/UV) increased the removal efficiency and the O3/H2O2/UV combination among other AOPs studied in this paper was found to give the best results (> 99% removal for COD, > 99% removal for phenol and > 99% removal for total organic carbon). Pilot-scale treatment plant has been continuously operated on site for three years (3 months olive oil production campaign period of each year). The capital and operating costs of the applied treatment alternatives were also determined at the end of these seasons. The results obtained in this study have been patented for 7 years by the Turkish Patent Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yalili Kiliç
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
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Aytar P, Gedikli S, Sam M, Farizoğlu B, Çabuk A. Sequential treatment of olive oil mill wastewater with adsorption and biological and photo-Fenton oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3060-3067. [PMID: 23054778 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW), a recalcitrant pollutant, has features including high phenolic content and dark color; thereby, several chemical or physical treatments or biological processes were not able to remediate it. In this study, the treatment efficiencies of three treatments, including adsorption, biological application, and photo-Fenton oxidation were sequentially evaluated for OMWW. Adsorption, biological treatment, and photo-Fenton caused decreasing phenolic contents of 48.69 %, 59.40 %, and 95 %, respectively. However, after three sequential treatments were performed, higher reduction percentages in phenolic (total 99 %) and organic contents (90 %) were observed. Although the studied fungus has not induced significant color reduction, photo-Fenton oxidation was considered to be an attractive solution, especially for color reduction. Besides, toxicity of OMWW treatment was significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Aytar
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Pepi M, Cappelli S, Hachicho N, Perra G, Renzi M, Tarabelli A, Altieri R, Esposito A, Focardi SE, Heipieper HJ. Klebsiellasp. strain C2A isolated from olive oil mill waste is able to tolerate and degrade tannic acid in very high concentrations. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 343:105-12. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milva Pepi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena; Italy
| | - Serena Cappelli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena; Italy
| | - Nancy Hachicho
- Department Environmental Biotechnology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Leipzig; Germany
| | - Guido Perra
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena; Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena; Italy
| | - Alessandro Tarabelli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena; Italy
| | - Roberto Altieri
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Mediterranean Systems; National Research Council; Perugia; Italy
| | - Alessandro Esposito
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Mediterranean Systems; National Research Council; Perugia; Italy
| | - Silvano E. Focardi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena; Italy
| | - Hermann J. Heipieper
- Department Environmental Biotechnology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Leipzig; Germany
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Zirehpour A, Jahanshahi M, Rahimpour A. Unique membrane process integration for olive oil mill wastewater purification. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Coskun T, Ilhan F, Demir NM, Debik E, Kurt U. Optimization of energy costs in the pretreatment of olive mill wastewaters by electrocoagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:801-807. [PMID: 22720403 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.595829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrocoagulation process was evaluated as a pretreatment process for olive mill wastewaters. Aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes, several contact times and 0.5, 1 and 2 A currents were used to compare chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies for each case. The optimum contact time and current were 45 minutes and 1 A, respectively, which resulted in a COD removal of 58.7% with an Al electrode. Experimental data from distinct operational conditions were used to fit a model for COD removal efficiencies. Energy consumption was also predicted. Under optimum operational conditions, the treatment cost was approximately Euro 0.13 kg(-1) CODremoved and Euro 4.41 m(-3). The results showed that the electrocoagulation process was a cost-effective method for the pretreatment of olive mill wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Coskun
- Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kiril Mert B, Yonar T, Yalili Kiliç M, Kestioğlu K. Pre-treatment studies on olive oil mill effluent using physicochemical, Fenton and Fenton-like oxidations processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 174:122-128. [PMID: 19818551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the results of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) using physicochemical pre-treatment and Fenton and Fenton-like processes are presented. On the other hand, acute toxicities of raw, physicochemical pre-treated, and Fenton and Fenton-like oxidations applied samples of OOMW on activated sludge microorganisms using respiration inhibition test (ISO 8192) are presented. Chemical pre-treatment (acid cracking and coagulation-flocculation) positively affected the biodegradability and inhibition on activated sludge was considerably removed (>67% COD and >72% total-phenol removal). Fenton and Fenton-like processes showed high COD (>80%) and total-phenol (>85%) removal performance on evaluated effluents. Inhibitory effect of Fenton-like reagents applied samples on activated sludge mixture was considerably removed. In addition to the toxicity, total-phenol and COD removal efficiencies of applied processes, their associated operating costs were also determined in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Kiril Mert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
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Munz G, Gori R, Cammilli L, Lubello C. Characterization of tannery wastewater and biomass in a membrane bioreactor using respirometric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:8612-8618. [PMID: 18499445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Respirometric techniques and an activated sludge model (ASM) were applied for the characterization of tannery wastewater and biomass in a pilot plant membrane bioreactor (MBR) operating at high sludge age. The traditional respirometric tests and the IWA-ASM1 were modified to take into account the specific operating conditions, the solid-liquid separation technology and the wastewater complexity. As a result the wastewater biodegradable COD was fractionated into four components: readily biodegradable, rapidly hydrolysable, slowly hydrolysable and inorganic (due to the presence of reduced sulphur compounds). The kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of the biomass (heterotrophic and nitrifying) were estimated through the integration of model simulations and respirometric tests results. In particular the ammonium and nitrite-oxidizing biomasses were separately characterized: the growth kinetics of ammonium and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria resulted noticeably lower than the traditional reference values (mu(max,AOB)=0.25d(-1)e mu(max,NOB)=0.23d(-1) at 20 degrees C, respectively). The ASM was finally used to confirm that the results of the wastewater and biomass characterization allow to properly simulate the mixed liquor suspended solids in the MBR pilot plant and the COD concentration in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta n.3, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Andrade LS, Rocha-Filho RC, Bocchi N, Biaggio SR, Iniesta J, García-Garcia V, Montiel V. Degradation of phenol using Co- and Co,F-doped PbO(2) anodes in electrochemical filter-press cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 153:252-60. [PMID: 17904737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on the electrooxidation of phenol in H(2)SO(4) medium using pure PbO(2) or F-, Co- and Co,F-doped PbO(2) electrodes in filter-press cells was carried out. The oxide films were obtained by galvanostatic electrodeposition using an electrolytic bath containing sodium lauryl sulfate as additive and Pb(2+), F(-), Co(2+) or Co(2+)+F(-), under magnetic stirring (to obtain 4-cm(2) electrodes) or ultrasound waves (to obtain 63-cm(2) electrodes). The best results were attained with PbO(2) electrodes doped with a low-Co content (1mM Co(2+) in the electrolytic bath) along with F(-): the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total organic carbon content (TOC) of the simulated wastewaters were removed by about 75% and 50%, respectively. When pure PbO(2) electrodes were used, the COD and TOC removals were about 60% and 45%, respectively. For the smaller electrodes, an average current efficiency (ACE) and an energy consumption (EC) of about 16% and 70 kWh kg(COD)(-1), respectively, were obtained. For the larger electrodes, the ACE and EC values were about 18% and 105 kWh kg(COD)(-1), respectively. Stability tests of the electrodes showed that they are suitable for use in the electrochemical treatment of phenol wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Andrade
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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