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Gallardo-Bustos C, Tapia N, Vargas IT. Synthetic greywater treatment using a scalable granular activated carbon bioelectrochemical reactor. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108741. [PMID: 38810323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Greywater reuse has emerged as a promising solution for addressing water shortages. However, greywater needs treatment before reuse to meet the required water quality standards. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are unsuitable for recreating highly decentralized domestic greywater. This study evaluated bioelectrochemical reactors (BERs) with granular activated carbon (GAC) as a sustainable alternative for developing decentralized and low-cost biological treatment systems. BERs using GAC as the anode material and conventional GAC biofilters (BFs) for synthetic greywater treatment were operated in batch mode for 110 days in two stages: (i) with polarized anodes at -150 mV vs. Ag/AgCl and (ii) as a microbial fuel cell with an external resistance of 1 kΩ. Anode polarization produced an electrosorption effect, increasing the ion removal of the BERs. Power production during the operation and cyclic voltammetry tests of the extracted granules revealed electrochemically active biofilm development on the BERs. Although low power density (0.193 ± 0.052 µW m-3) was observed in BERs, they showed a similar performance in sCOD removal (BER = 91.6-89.6 %; BF = 96.2-93.2 %) and turbidity removal (BER = 81-82 %; BF = 30-62 %) to BFs that used 50 % aeration. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy of sampled granules showed higher biomass formation in BER granules than in BF granules, suggesting a higher contribution of sessile (vs. planktonic) cells to the treatment. Thus, the results highlight the synergistic removal effect of the GAC-based BER. The scalable design presented in this study represents a proof-of-concept for developing BERs to use in decentralized greywater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gallardo-Bustos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Chile; Consorcio Tecnológico del Agua (COTH(2)O), Chile
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Chile; Consorcio Tecnológico del Agua (COTH(2)O), Chile
| | - Ignacio T Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Chile; Consorcio Tecnológico del Agua (COTH(2)O), Chile.
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Dutta D, Gaur N, Dubey R, Yadav J, Borah JP, Puzari A. Carbon nanotubes ornamented hollow polymethyl methacrylate microspheres for turbidity removal from water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114242. [PMID: 34910995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel materials with low density are being synthesized with great interest owing to their effectiveness in water purification systems. Materials of micro/nano-scale provide outstanding results in miniature point-of-use devices because of their high surface-to-volume ratio. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of hollow polymethyl methacrylate microspheres (HPM) coated with functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) (CHPM) by employing solvent evaporation and in situ coating techniques. The surface coating of HPM with the f-CNTs was visually confirmed by the surface roughness recorded in scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy substantiated the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of f-CNTs on the CHPM. The efficiency of CHPM to remove the turbidity from surface water was evaluated. The CHPM was effective in bringing down the turbidity of the water from 500 NTU to <1 NTU (>97%) which was within the desirable limit of the Bureau of Indian Standards. The temperature and pH for maximum reduction in turbidity were optimized to 49.5 °C and 4.5, respectively. Moreover, kinetic studies of CHPM indicated that the material followed the Langmuir isotherm model with regeneration efficiency lasting more than 10 cycles. From the results, we propose a simple, facile, and cost-effective synthetic route for the synthesis of CHPM for water purification, especially for turbidity removal. The synthesized CHPM with low density and relatively large surface area offer huge potential in water treatment applications and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Dutta
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India; National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, Pin, 797 103, Nagaland, India
| | - Nisha Gaur
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Rama Dubey
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Jitendra Yadav
- Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment, Kanpur, 208 013, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Borah
- National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, Pin, 797 103, Nagaland, India
| | - Amrit Puzari
- National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, Pin, 797 103, Nagaland, India.
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Batool S, Shah AA, Abu Bakar AF, Maah MJ, Abu Bakar NK. Removal of organochlorine pesticides using zerovalent iron supported on biochar nanocomposite from Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan) fruit peel waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133011. [PMID: 34863732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unique zerovalent iron (Fe0) supported on biochar nanocomposite (Fe0-BRtP) was synthesized from Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan) fruit peel waste and were applied for the simultaneous removal of 6 selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous medium. During facile synthesis of Fe0-BRtP, Rambutan peel extract was used as the green reducing mediator to reduce Fe2+ to zerovalent iron (Fe0), instead of toxic sodium borohydride which were used for chemical synthesis. For comparison, chemically synthesized Fe0-BChe nanocomposite was also prepared in this work. Characterization study confirmed the successful synthesis and dispersion of Fe0 nanoparticles on biochar surface. Batch experiments revealed that Fe0-BRtP and Fe0-BChe nanocomposites combine the advantage of adsorption and dechlorination of OCPs in aqueous medium and up to 96-99% and 83-91% removal was obtained within 120 and 150 min, respectively at initial pH 4. Nevertheless, the reactivity of Fe0-BChe nanocomposite decreased 2 folds after being aged in air for one month, whilst Fe0-BRtP almost remained the same. Adsorption isotherm of OCPs were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and then to Freundlich isotherm. The experimental kinetic data were fitted first to pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model and then to pseudo-first-order reduction kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism involves π-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction and adsorption is facilitated by the hydrophobic sorption and pore filling. After being reused five times, the removal efficiency of regenerated Fe0-BChe and Fe0-BRtP was 5-13% and 89-92%, respectively. The application of this Fe0-BRtP nanocomposite could represent a green and low-cost potential material for adsorption and subsequent reduction of OCPs in aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samavia Batool
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Athar Ali Shah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Farid Abu Bakar
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Jamil Maah
- Universiti Malaya STEM Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Altaf S, Zafar R, Zaman WQ, Ahmad S, Yaqoob K, Syed A, Khan AJ, Bilal M, Arshad M. Removal of levofloxacin from aqueous solution by green synthesized magnetite (Fe 3O 4) nanoparticles using Moringa olifera: Kinetics and reaction mechanism analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112826. [PMID: 34592521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Levofloxacin antibiotic is frequently being detected in the environment and regarded as an emerging contaminant. The present study was focused on the green synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4 - gINPs) nanoparticles from Moringa olifera and its efficiency for removal of levofloxacin from aqueous solution. The adsorbent magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by green synthesis using Moringa olifera and coprecipitation method. Characterizations analyses of both chemically and green synthesized nanoparticles were performed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The average crystallite size of gINPs was 14.34 nm and chemically synthesized was 18.93 nm. The performance of the synthesized product was evaluated by adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. The parameters considered included adsorbent (gINPs) dosage, initial concentration of adsorbate, pH, contact time, and temperature. The obtained data were fitted to kinetic and isotherm models to determine the mechanism. Adsorption batch experiments were conducted to determine the reaction mechanism by studying kinetics while fitting isotherm models for samples analyzed using HPLC at 280 nm. Results showed that 86.15% removal efficiency of 4 mg L-1 levofloxacin was achieved by 100 mg L-1 gINPs in 24 h contact time when all other parameters (pH 7, temperature 25 °C) were kept constant. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at equilibrium was 22.47 mg/g. Further, it was identified as a pseudo-second-order model with R2 = 0.965 for adsorption kinetics while isotherm data better fitted to the Freundlich model compared to Langmuir isotherm with R2 = 0.994. The potential pathway determined for levofloxacin removal was chemisorption with minor diffusion, multilayer, spontaneous and exothermic processes on the gINPs (Fe3O4). Reusability experiments were conducted in four cycles and removal efficiency varied from 85.35% to 80.47%, indicating very high potential of the adsorbent for re-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Altaf
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rabeea Zafar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Qamar Zaman
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Yaqoob
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Jahangir Khan
- Department of Geohydraulics and Engineering Hydrology, University of Kassel, Kassel 34125, Germany
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
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Jamil S, Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Listowski A, McDonald JA, Khan SJ, Vigneswaran S. Removal of organic matter from wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate using granular activated carbon and anion exchange resin adsorbent columns in sequence. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127549. [PMID: 32707322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) generated as a waste stream during reverse osmosis treatment of reclaimed wastewater, presents significant disposal challenges. This is because it causes environmental pollution when it is disposed to lands and natural water bodies. A long-term dynamic adsorption experiment was conducted by passing ROC from a wastewater reclamation plant, firstly through a granular activated carbon (GAC) column, and subsequently through an anion exchange resin (Purolite) column, for the removal of two major ROC pollutants, namely dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microorganic pollutants (MOP). GAC removed most of the smaller-sized low molecular weight neutrals and building block fractions as well as the hydrophobic fraction of DOC with much less removal by the subsequent Purolite column. In contrast, the humics fraction was less well removed by the GAC column; however, Purolite column removed all that was remaining of this fraction. This study demonstrated that combining adsorbents having different affinities towards a variety of DOC fractions constitute an effective method of taking advantage of their different properties and achieving larger DOC removals. Almost 100% of all 17 MOPs were removed by the GAC column, even after 2880 bed volumes of continuous use. This contrasted with the DOC fractions' removal which was much lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Jamil
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia
| | - Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia
| | - Andrzej Listowski
- Sydney Olympic Park Authority, 8, Australia Avenue, Sydney Olympic Park, NSW, Australia
| | - James A McDonald
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
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Blunt BJ, Singh A, Wu L, Gamal El-Din M, Belosevic M, Tierney KB. Reuse water: Exposure duration, seasonality and treatment affect tissue responses in a model fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1117-1125. [PMID: 28724250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Partially remediated gray (reuse) water will likely find increasing use in a variety of applications owing to the increasing scarcity of freshwater. We aimed to determine if a model fish, the goldfish, could sense reuse water using olfaction (smell), and if 30min or 7d (acute) and 60d (sub-chronic) exposures would affect their olfactory responses to natural odorants. We examined olfaction as previous studies have found that numerous chemicals can impair the olfactory sense, which is critical to carrying out numerous life-sustaining behaviors from feeding to mating. We also examined if fish olfactory and liver tissues would mount a response in terms of biotransformation enzyme gene expression, and whether treatment of reuse water with UV/H2O2 ameliorated adverse effects following reuse water exposure. We found that fish olfactory tissue responded to reuse water as it would to a natural odorant and that UV/H2O2 treatment had no influence on this. With acute exposures, olfactory impairment was apparent regardless of water type (e.g. responses of 23-55% of control), but in sub-chronic exposures, only the untreated reuse water caused olfactory impairment. The exposure of fish to reuse water increased the expression of one enzyme (CYP1A; >2.5-6.5 fold change) and reuse water treatment with UV/H2O2 reversed the effect. There was a seasonal effect that was likely due to changes in water quality (60d summer exposure impaired olfaction whereas spring and fall exposures did not). Overall, the data suggest that reuse water may be detected by olfaction, impair olfactory responses in fish receiving unavoidable exposures, and that exposure duration and season are important factors to consider regarding adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Blunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - A Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - L Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - M Gamal El-Din
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - M Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - K B Tierney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Marazzi F, Sambusiti C, Monlau F, Cecere S, Scaglione D, Barakat A, Mezzanotte V, Ficara E. A novel option for reducing the optical density of liquid digestate to achieve a more productive microalgal culturing. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Mukherjee R, De S. Novel carbon-nanoparticle polysulfone hollow fiber mixed matrix ultrafiltration membrane: Adsorptive removal of benzene, phenol and toluene from aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ihsanullah, Al-Khaldi FA, Abusharkh B, Khaled M, Atieh MA, Nasser M, laoui T, Saleh TA, Agarwal S, Tyagi I, Gupta VK. Adsorptive removal of cadmium(II) ions from liquid phase using acid modified carbon-based adsorbents. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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James CP, Germain E, Judd S. Micropollutant removal by advanced oxidation of microfiltered secondary effluent for water reuse. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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