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Ben Attig J, de Lourdes Souza F, Latrous L, Cañizares P, Sáez C, Ríos Á, Zougagh M, Rodrigo MA. Advanced oxidation and a metrological strategy based on CLC-MS for the removal of pharmaceuticals from pore & surface water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138847. [PMID: 37187374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied the photolysis, electrolysis, and photo-electrolysis of a mixture of pharmaceutics (sulfadiazine, naproxen, diclofenac, ketoprofen and ibuprofen) contained in two very different types of real water matrices (obtained from surface and porewater reservoirs), trying to clarify the role of the matrix on the degradation of the pollutants. To do this, a new metrological approach was also developed for screening of pharmaceuticals in waters by capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (CLC-MS). This allows the detection at concentrations lower than 10 ng mL-1. Results obtained in the degradation tests demonstrate that inorganic composition of the water matrix directly influences on the efficiency of the drugs removal by the different EAOPs and better degradation results were obtained for experiments carried out with surface water. The most recalcitrant drug studied was ibuprofen for all processes evaluated, while diclofenac and ketoprofen were found to be the easiest drugs for being degraded. Photo-electrolysis was found to be more efficient than photolysis and electrolysis, and the increase in the current density was found to attain a slight improvement in the removal although with an associated huge increase in the energy consumption. The main reaction pathways for each drug and technology were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihène Ben Attig
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, University Campus of El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fernanda de Lourdes Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Latifa Latrous
- Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale Appliquée, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, University Campus of El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF, Jawad AH, Scholz M, Yaseen ZM. A Comprehensive Review for Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Attained from Wastewater Observations Using Carbon-Based Anodic Oxidation Process. TOXICS 2022; 10:598. [PMID: 36287878 PMCID: PMC9610849 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (concentration <µg/L) are globally acknowledged as hazardous emerging pollutants that pass via various routes in the environment and ultimately enter aquatic food chains. In this context, the article reviews the occurrence, transport, fate, and electrochemical removal of some selected NSAIDs (diclofenac (DIC), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NPX)) using carbon-based anodes in the aquatic environment. However, no specific protocol has been developed to date, and various approaches have been adopted for the sampling and elimination processes of NSAIDs from wastewater samples. The mean concentration of selected NSAIDs from different countries varies considerably, ranging between 3992−27,061 µg/L (influent wastewater) and 1208−7943 µg/L (effluent wastewater). An assessment of NSAIDs removal efficiency across different treatment stages in various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been performed. Overall, NSAIDs removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants has been reported to be around 4−89%, 8−100%, 16−100%, and 17−98% for DIC, KTP, NPX, and IBU, respectively. A microbiological reactor (MBR) has been proclaimed to be the most reliable treatment technique for NSAIDs removal (complete removal). Chlorination (81−95%) followed by conventional mechanical biological treatment (CMBT) (94−98%) treatment has been demonstrated to be the most efficient in removing NSAIDs. Further, the present review explains that the electrochemical oxidation process is an alternative process for the treatment of NSAIDs using a carbon-based anode. Different carbon-based carbon anodes have been searched for electrochemical removal of selected NSAIDs. However, boron-doped diamond and graphite have presented reliable applications for the complete removal of NSAIDs from wastewater samples or their aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah 51001, Iraq
| | - Ali H Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Directorate of Engineering the Future, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford M5 4WT, Greater Manchester, UK
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
- Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Prospekt, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Georgin J, Netto MS, Franco DSP, Piccilli DGA, da Boit Martinello K, Silva LFO, Foletto EL, Dotto GL. Woody residues of the grape production chain as an alternative precursor of high porous activated carbon with remarkable performance for naproxen uptake from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16988-17000. [PMID: 34657260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon prepared from grape branches was used as a remarkable adsorbent to uptake naproxen and treat a synthetic mixture from aqueous solutions. The material presented a highly porous texture, a surface area of 938 m2 g-1, and certain functional groups, which were key factors to uptake naproxen from effluents. The maximum adsorption capacity predicted by the Langmuir model for naproxen was 176 mg g-1. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The linear driving force (LDF) model presented a good statistical adjustment to the experimental decay data. A suitable interaction pathway of naproxen adsorption onto activated carbon was proposed. The adsorbent material was highly efficient to treat a synthetic mixture containing several drugs and salts, reaching 95.63% removal. Last, it was found that the adsorbent can be regenerated up to 7 times using an HCl solution. Overall, the results proved that the activated carbon derived from grape branches could be an effective and sustainable adsorbent to treat wastewaters containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Georgin
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Matias S Netto
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Dison S P Franco
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel G A Piccilli
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Boit Martinello
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600, Santiago de Surco, 15023, Perú
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600, Santiago de Surco, 15023, Perú
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Edson L Foletto
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Recent Trends in Pharmaceuticals Removal from Water Using Electrochemical Oxidation Processes. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the research on the environmental applications of electrochemistry to remove recalcitrant and priority pollutants and, in particular, drugs from the aqueous phase has increased dramatically. This literature review summarizes the applications of electrochemical oxidation in recent years to decompose pharmaceuticals that are often detected in environmental samples such as carbamazapine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, etc. Similar to most physicochemical processes, efficiency depends on many operating parameters, while the combination with either biological or other physicochemical methods seems particularly attractive. In addition, various strategies such as using three-dimensional electrodes or the electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to overcome the disadvantages of electrochemical oxidation. Finally, some guidelines are proposed for future research into the applications of environmental electrochemistry for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds and micropollutants from environmental matrices. The main goal of the present review paper is to facilitate future researchers to design their experiments concerning the electrochemical oxidation processes for the degradation of micropollutants/emerging contaminants, especially, some specific drugs considering, also, the existing limitations of each process.
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López-Cázares MI, Isaacs-Páez ED, Ascacio-Valdés J, Aguilar-González CN, Rangel-Mendez JR, Chazaro-Ruiz LF. Electro-assisted naproxen adsorption followed by its electrodegradation and simultaneous electroreactivation of the activated carbon electrode. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Al2O3 microparticles immobilized on glassy‑carbon electrode as catalytic sites for the electrochemical oxidation and high detectability of naproxen: Experimental and simulation insights. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.114988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hung CM, Huang CP, Chen SK, Chen CW, Dong CD. Electrochemical analysis of naproxen in water using poly(l-serine)-modified glassy carbon electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126686. [PMID: 32320830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A poly(l-serine)-modified glassy carbon electrode (PLS/GCE) was fabricated by electropolymerization and used to study the detection of naproxen (NPX), a representative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in phosphate buffer supporting electrolyte at pH 5.0. Results indicated that the PLS/GCE was capable of determination of NPX at a working potential of 0.92 (vs. Ag/AgCl) in voltammetry mode. Experimental factors such as scan rate, accumulation time, solution pH, initial NPX concentration, and interferences were optimized for NPX determination efficiency. The morphology and elemental distribution of the electrode surface were characterized by ESEM, TEM, PSD, XRD, FTIR, TGA, XPS, and zeta potential. NPX oxidation current increased with increasing analyte concentration and scan rate but decreased with increasing pH. Linear sweep voltammetry calibration curve was established in the NPX concentration range of 4.3-65 μM, with detection limit and average recovery of 0.69 μM (n = 3) and 104 ± 2.5%, respectively. PLS/GCE is simple, accurate, reproducible, and easy for operation, therefore would be cost-effective for the determination of NPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C P Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Recent Trends in Removal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Electrochemical Oxidation and Combined Systems. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to various potential toxicological threats to living organisms even at low concentrations, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in natural water are seen as an emerging environmental issue. The low efficiency of removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by conventional wastewater treatment plants calls for more efficient technology. Research on advanced oxidation processes has recently become a hot topic as it has been shown that these technologies can effectively oxidize most organic contaminants to inorganic carbon through mineralization. Among the advanced oxidation processes, the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and, in general, electrochemical oxidation or anodic oxidation have shown good prospects at the lab-scale for the elimination of contamination caused by the presence of residual pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aqueous systems. This paper reviewed the effectiveness of electrochemical oxidation in removing pharmaceuticals and personal care products from liquid solutions, alone or in combination with other treatment processes, in the last 10 years. Reactor designs and configurations, electrode materials, operational factors (initial concentration, supporting electrolytes, current density, temperature, pH, stirring rate, electrode spacing, and fluid velocity) were also investigated.
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