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Zhu H, Hu C, Jiang R, Xiao M, Fu Y, Wang Q, Zhao K. Sustainable chitosan-based adsorbents for phosphorus recovery and removal from wastewater: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 313:144160. [PMID: 40373908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
Phosphates are considered one of the main nutrient pollutants causing eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Among those commonly used removal technologies, adsorption has shown effectiveness in removing phosphate from polluted water. Over the past decade, various chitosan-based materials (CSMats) have been widely developed and applied in desalination treatment of phosphate-containing wastewater due to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, high phosphate adsorption capacities, and low-cost. This review summarized systematically the research progress on preparation and modification strategies of CSMats to accelerate the adsorption rate and enhance adsorption capacities of phosphate removal. Moreover, insights into the effect of experimental parameters (such as pH and coexisting ions) are also outlined. The desorption, regeneration and reutilization of exhausted CSMats has been discussed and analyzed. The contribution mechanisms (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, Lewis acid-base interaction, ligand/ion exchange, surface precipitation) of phosphate adsorption on CSMats are also summarized. Finally, present research gaps and challenges in the removal of phosphate adsorption on CSMats have been highlighted. In summary, the main purpose of this review is to provide the latest information helpful for preparing novel CSMats with better adsorption properties and promoting practical applications for desalination of phosphate-containing wastewater in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Zhu
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, PR China; Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Chundan Hu
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ru Jiang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, PR China; Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Mei Xiao
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yongqian Fu
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, PR China; Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, PR China; Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, PR China.
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Wujcicki Ł, Kluczka J. Recovery of Phosphate(V) Ions from Water and Wastewater Using Chitosan-Based Sorbents Modified-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12060. [PMID: 37569435 PMCID: PMC10418947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the use of low-cost and effective sorbents in water treatment. Hybrid chitosan sorbents are potential materials for the adsorptive removal of phosphorus, which occurs in natural waters mainly in the form of orthophosphate(V). Even though there are numerous publications on this topic, the use of such sorbents in industrial water treatment and purification is limited and controversial. However, due to the explosive human population growth, the ever-increasing global demand for food has contributed to the consumption of phosphorus compounds and other biogenic elements (such as nitrogen, potassium, or sodium) in plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Therefore, the recovery and reuse of phosphorus compounds is an important issue to investigate for the development and maintenance of a circular economy. This paper characterizes the problem of the presence of excess phosphorus in water reservoirs and presents methods for the adsorptive removal of phosphate(V) from water matrices using chitosan composites. Additionally, we compare the impact of modifications, structure, and form of chitosan composites on the efficiency of phosphate ion removal and adsorption capacity. The state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of adsorption is detailed, and the results of research on the desorption of phosphates are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kluczka
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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