Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor and Anti-Hu Antibodies Successfully Treated with Carboplatin and Etoposide for Small-cell Lung Cancer

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (Anti-NMDAR) Encephalitis in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis characterized by psychiatric and neurological symptoms. It often presents as a paraneoplastic manifestation and is rarely associated with small cell lung cancer. While treatment usually involves immunotherapy and treatment of underlying malignancy, the patient's condition can complicate treatment decisions. A 66-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of fever and impaired consciousness. Tests revealed anti-NMDAR encephalitis and small cell lung cancer. Despite immunotherapy, including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab, chemotherapy was not possible due to the patient's poor condition. Immunotherapy treatment was continued, but there was no improvement in his state of consciousness, and death was confirmed on the 101st day of hospitalization. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis caused by small cell carcinoma is treated with immunotherapy and cancer therapy; only immunotherapy is not enough.

Emerging Materials, Wearables, and Diagnostic Advancements in Therapeutic Treatment of Brain Diseases

Among the most critical health issues, brain illnesses, such as neurodegenerative conditions and tumors, lower quality of life and have a significant economic impact. Implantable technology and nano-drug carriers have enormous promise for cerebral brain activity sensing and regulated therapeutic application in the treatment and detection of brain illnesses. Flexible materials are chosen for implantable devices because they help reduce biomechanical mismatch between the implanted device and brain tissue. Additionally, implanted biodegradable devices might lessen any autoimmune negative effects. The onerous subsequent operation for removing the implanted device is further lessened with biodegradability. This review expands on current developments in diagnostic technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, angiography, and electroencephalogram while providing an overview of prevalent brain diseases. As far as we are aware, there hasn't been a single review article that addresses all the prevalent brain illnesses. The reviewer also looks into the prospects for the future and offers suggestions for the direction of future developments in the treatment of brain diseases.