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Delfino D, Prandi B, Calcinai L, Ridolo E, Dellafiora L, Pedroni L, Nicoletta F, Cavazzini D, Tedeschi T, Folli C. Molecular Characterization of the Allergenic Arginine Kinase from the Edible Insect Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly). Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300911. [PMID: 38629315 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Arginine kinase (AK) is an important enzyme for energy metabolism of invertebrate cells by participating in the maintenance of constant levels of ATP. However, AK is also recognized as a major allergen in insects and crustaceans capable of cross-reactivity with sera of patients sensitized to orthologous proteins. In the perspective of introducing insects or their derivatives in the human diet in Western world, it is of primary importance to evaluate possible risks for allergic consumers. METHODS AND RESULTS This work reports the identification and characterization of AK from Hermetia illucens commonly known as the black soldier fly, a promising insect for human consumption. To evaluate allergenicity of AK from H. illucens, putative linear and conformational epitopes are identified by bioinformatics analyses, and Dot-Blot assays are carried out by using sera of patients allergic to shrimp or mites to validate the cross-reactivity. Gastrointestinal digestion reduces significantly the linear epitopes resulting in lower allergenicity, while the secondary structure is altered at increasing temperatures supporting the possible loss or reduction of conformational epitopes. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the possible allergenicity of AK should be taken in consideration when dealing with novel foods containing H. illucens or its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Delfino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Luisa Calcinai
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Erminia Ridolo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pedroni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Francesca Nicoletta
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Claudia Folli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
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Yin SJ, Lee J, Lim G, Chen Z, Qian GY, Si YX, Park YD. A study of Pb 2+ induced unfolding and aggregation of arginine kinase from Euphausia superba: kinetics and computational simulation integrating study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8206-8215. [PMID: 33847251 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1908168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase is a crucial phosphagen kinase in invertebrates, which is associated to the environmental stress response, plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the Pb2+-induced inhibition and aggregation of Euphausia superba arginine kinase (ESAK) and found that significantly inactivated ESAK in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.058 ± 0.002 mM). Spectrofluorimetry results showed that Pb2+ induced tertiary structural changes via the internal polarity increased and the non-polarity decreased in ESAK and directly induced ESAK aggregation. The ESAK aggregation process induced by Pb2+ occurred with multi-phase kinetics. The addition of osmolytes did not show protective effect on Pb2+-induced inactivation of ESAK. The computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulation showed that three Pb2+ interrupt the entrance of the active site of ESAK and it could be the reason on the loss of activity of ESAK. Several important residues of ESAK were detected that were importantly contributed the conformation and catalytic function of ESAK. Our study showed that Pb2+-induced misfolding of ESAK and the complete loss of activity irreversibly, which cannot be recovered by osmolytes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gyutae Lim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zhongfa Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Xiu Si
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, P.R. China.,Skin Diseases Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, P. R. China
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Song K, Wang Y, Li Y, Ding C, Cai R, Tao G, Zhao P, Xia Q, He H. A Convenient, Rapid, Sensitive, and Reliable Spectrophotometric Assay for Adenylate Kinase Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040663. [PMID: 30781833 PMCID: PMC6412689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic activity assays are essential and critical for the study of enzyme kinetics. Adenylate kinase (Adk) plays a fundamental role in cellular energy and nucleotide homeostasis. To date, assays based on different principles have been used for the determination of Adk activity. Here, we show a spectrophotometric analysis technique to determine Adk activity with bromothymol blue as a pH indicator. We analyzed the effects of substrates and the pH indicator on the assay using orthogonal design and then established the most optimal assay for Adk activity. Subsequently, we evaluated the thermostability of Adk and the inhibitory effect of KCl on Adk activity with this assay. Our results show that this assay is simple, rapid, and precise. It shows great potential as an alternative to the conventional Adk activity assay. Our results also suggest that orthogonal design is an effective approach, which is very suitable for the optimization of complex enzyme reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chaoxiang Ding
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gang Tao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huawei He
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Li Y, Wang Y, Song K, Liu L, Cai R, Tao G, Zhao P, Zhou H, He H. A rapid and sensitive colorimetric assay for the determination of adenosine kinase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:250-254. [PMID: 29803677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (ADK) plays an important role in the growth and development of organisms. A convenient, quick, reliable, sensitive and low-cost assay for ADK activity is of great significance. Here, we found the reaction system with bromothymol blue as the pH indicator had a maximum absorption peak at 614 nm. The absorbance change in 614 nm was positively correlated with the generated hydrogen ions in the reaction catalyzed by ADK. Then, we demonstrated this assay was feasible for ADK activity. Further, we analyzed the effects of buffer, bromothymol blue concentrations on the sensitivity of the assay, and investigated the sensitivity of ADK contents and adenosine concentration on the assay. Finally, we calculated the Km and Vmax of ADK from Bombyx mori with this assay. Our results suggested this assay was quick, convenient, reliable, sensitive and economic for the activity of ADK. It is an excellent alternative for the conventional ADK assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haimeng Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China.
| | - Huawei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Yin SJ, Zhang L, Zhang L, Wan J, Song W, Jiang X, Park YD, Si YX. Metabolic responses and arginine kinase expression of juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) under salinity stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [PMID: 29524487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis is particularly sensitive to environmental changes in its breeding environment. The breeding of S. pharaonis larvae was carried out in different salinities for 48h, and the changes in survival rate, histological structure, energy metabolism, and anti-oxidative stress parameters were investigated and correlated with arginine kinase (AK) expression changes in muscle and liver tissues. The suitable salinity for larvae cultivation ranged from 24 to 30‰, and the survival rate showed a significant decline at 21‰ salinity. Histological observations of muscle and liver showed that changes in salinity and osmotic pressure had an adverse effect on tissue structure. Measurements of glycogen and lactic acid levels suggested that S. pharaonis could dynamically adjust energy metabolism to provide additional energy under unsuitable salinity. The protein levels and enzyme activities of AK in muscle significantly increased at 21‰ salinity. The results were consistent with prompt replenishment of phosphoarginine stores during salinity stress to maintain a dynamic ATP balance, suggesting that AK plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism. This study provides insight into metabolic changes during salinity stress and sheds light on the functional role of AK in S. pharaonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Linmeng Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wan
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314006, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yue-Xiu Si
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
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Si YX, Lee J, Cheng JG, Yin SJ, Park YD, Qian GY, Jiang XM. Kinetics for Zinc Ion Induced Sepia Pharaonis Arginine Kinase Inactivation and Aggregation. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 23:508-17. [PMID: 27030550 PMCID: PMC5427814 DOI: 10.2174/0929866523666160331144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase is an essential enzyme which is closely related to energy metabolism in marine invertebrates. Arginine kinase provides a significant role in quick response to environmental change and stress. In this study, we simulated a tertiary structure of Sepia pharaonis arginine kinase (SPAK) based on the gene sequence and conducted the molecular dynamics simulations between SPAK and Zn2+. Using these results, the Zn2+ binding sites were predicted and the initial effect of Zn2+ on the SPAK structure was elucidated. Subsequently, the experimental kinetic results were compared with the simulation results. Zn2+ markedly inhibited the activity of SPAK in a manner of non-competitive inhibitions for both arginine and ATP. We also found that Zn2+ binding to SPAK resulted in tertiary conformational change accompanying with the hydrophobic residues exposure. These changes caused SPAK aggregation directly. We screened two protectants, glycine and proline, which effectively prevented SPAK aggregation and recovered the structure and activity. Overall, our study suggested the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on SPAK and Zn2+ can trigger SPAK aggregation after exposing large extent of hydrophobic surface. The protective effects of glycine and proline against Zn2+ on SPAK folding were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R China.
| | - Xia-Min Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China.
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7
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Shi XY, Zhang LL, Wu F, Fu YY, Yin SJ, Si YX, Park YD. Kinetics for Cu(2+) induced Sepia pharaonis arginine kinase inactivation and aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:926-33. [PMID: 27318110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and is closely related to the environmental stress response in marine invertebrates. We studied the Cu(2+)-mediated inhibition and aggregation of Sepia pharaonis arginine kinase (SPAK) and found that Cu(2+) markedly inhibited the SPAK activity along with mixed-type inhibition against the arginine substrate and noncompetitive inhibition against the ATP cofactor. Spectrofluorimetry results showed that Cu(2+) induced a tertiary structure change in SPAK, resulting in exposure of the hydrophobic surface and increased aggregation. Cu(2+)-mediated SPAK aggregation followed first-order kinetics consistent with monophasic and a biphasic processes. Addition of osmolytes, including glycine and proline, effectively blocked SPAK aggregation and restored SPAK activity. Our results demonstrated the effects of Cu(2+) on SPAK catalytic function, conformation, and aggregation, as well as the protective effects of osmolytes on SPAK folding. This study provided important insights into the role of Cu(2+) as a negative effector of the S. pharaonis metabolic enzyme AK and the possible responses of cephalopods to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Yang-Yong Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Yue-Xiu Si
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, PR China.
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8
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Si YX, Lee J, Zhao F, Yin SJ, Park YD, Qian GY, Jiang XM. Effects of cadmium on the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis’ arginine kinase: unfolding kinetics integrated with computational simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:1763-77. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xiu Si
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Xia-Min Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
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The Inhibitory Effects of Cu(2+) on Exopalaemon carinicauda Arginine Kinase via Inhibition Kinetics and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1217-36. [PMID: 25935224 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the Cu(2+)-mediated inhibition and aggregation of Exopalaemon carinicauda arginine kinase (ECAK). We found that Cu(2+) significantly inactivated ECAK activity and double-reciprocal kinetics demonstrated that Cu(2+) induced noncompetitive inhibition of arginine and ATP (IC50 = 2.27 ± 0.16 μM; K i for arginine = 13.53 ± 3.76; K i for ATP = 4.02 ± 0.56). Spectrofluorometry results showed that Cu(2+) induced ECAK tertiary structural changes including the exposure of hydrophobic surfaces that directly induced ECAK aggregation. The addition of osmolytes such as glycine and proline successfully blocked ECAK aggregation induced by Cu(2+) and recovered ECAK activity. We built a 3D structure for ECAK using the ECAK ORF gene sequence. Molecular dynamics (MD) and docking simulations between ECAK and Cu(2+) were conducted to elucidate the binding mechanisms. The results showed that Cu(2+) blocked the entrance to the ATP active site; these results are consistent with the experimental result that Cu(2+) induced ECAK inactivation. Since arginine kinase (AK) plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism in invertebrates, our study can provide new information about the effect of Cu(2+) on ECAK enzymatic function and unfolding, including aggregation, and the protective effects of osmolytes on ECAK folding to better understand the role of the invertebrate ECAK metabolic enzyme in marine environments.
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Si YX, Lee J, Cai Y, Yin SJ, Yang JM, Park YD, Qian GY. Molecular dynamics simulations integrating kinetics for Pb2+-induced arginine kinase inactivation and aggregation. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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The effect of Zn2+ on Exopalaemon carinicauda arginine kinase: Computational simulations including unfolding kinetics. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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The effect of Cu2+ on arginine kinase from Euphausia superba: A computational simulation integrating unfolding and aggregation studies. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Effects of osmolytes on arginine kinase from Euphausia superba: A study on thermal denaturation and aggregation. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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16
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Folding Studies of Arginine Kinase from Euphausia superba Using Denaturants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3888-901. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Crystal structure of shrimp arginine kinase in binary complex with arginine—a molecular view of the phosphagen precursor binding to the enzyme. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:511-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Mutation of residue arginine 330 of arginine kinase results in the generation of the oxidized form more susceptible. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 54:238-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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PPIase independent chaperone-like function of recombinant human Cyclophilin A during arginine kinase refolding. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:666-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li HL, Zhou SM, Park D, Jeong HO, Chung HY, Yang JM, Meng FG, Hu WJ. Deceleration of Arginine Kinase Refolding by Induced Helical Structures. Protein J 2012; 31:267-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-012-9397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Liu N, Wang JS, Wang WD, Pan JC. The interaction between residues 62 and 193 play a key role in activity and structural stability of arginine kinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu N, Wang JS, Wang WD, Pan JC. The role of Cys271 in conformational changes of arginine kinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:98-102. [PMID: 21507330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK), a crucial enzyme in energy metabolism, buffers cellular ATP levels by catalyzing the reversible phosphoryl transfer between ATP and arginine. To better understand the role of Cys271 in conformational changes of AK from greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), we replaced the residue with serine and alanine. A detailed comparison of the catalytic activity and conformation was made between wild-type AK and the mutants by means of activity analysis, ultraviolet (UV) difference, fluorescence spectrum and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results indicated that the catalytic activity of the two mutants was gone. The substrates, arginine-ADP-Mg(2+) could induce conformational changes, and additional NO(3)(-) could induce further changes in both the native enzyme and the variants. We speculated that Cys271 might be located in the hinge region between the two domains of AK and cause enzyme conformational changes upon addition of substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Life Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, PR China
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Liu T, Wang X. Zinc induces unfolding and aggregation of dimeric arginine kinase by trapping reversible unfolding intermediate. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:779-86. [PMID: 20929927 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine kinase plays an important role in the cellular energy metabolism of invertebrates. Dimeric arginine kinase (dAK) is unique in some marine invertebrates. The effects of Zn²(+) on the unfolding and aggregation of dAK from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were investigated. Our results indicated that Zn²(+) caused dAK inactivation accompanied by conformational unfolding, the exposure of hydrophobic surface, and aggregation. Kinetic studies showed the inactivation and unfolding of dAK followed biphasic kinetic courses. Zn²(+) can affect unfolding and refolding of dAK by trapping the reversible intermediate. Our study provides important information regarding the effect of Zn²(+) on metabolic enzymes in marine invertebrates.
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24
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Wu X, Ye S, Guo S, Yan W, Bartlam M, Rao Z. Structural basis for a reciprocating mechanism of negative cooperativity in dimeric phosphagen kinase activity. FASEB J 2009; 24:242-52. [PMID: 19783784 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-140194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphagen kinase (PK) family members catalyze the reversible phosphoryl transfer between phosphagen and ADP to reserve or release energy in cell energy metabolism. The structures of classic quaternary complexes of dimeric creatine kinase (CK) revealed asymmetric ligand binding states of two protomers, but the significance and mechanism remain unclear. To understand this negative cooperativity further, we determined the first structure of dimeric arginine kinase (dAK), another PK family member, at 1.75 A, as well as the structure of its ternary complex with AMPPNP and arginine. Further structural analysis shows that the ligand-free protomer in a ligand-bound dimer opens more widely than the protomers in a ligand-free dimer, which leads to three different states of a dAK protomer. The unexpected allostery of the ligand-free protomer in a ligand-bound dimer should be relayed from the ligand-binding-induced allostery of its adjacent protomer. Mutations that weaken the interprotomer connections dramatically reduced the catalytic activities of dAK, indicating the importance of the allosteric propagation mediated by the homodimer interface. These results suggest a reciprocating mechanism of dimeric PK, which is shared by other ATP related oligomeric enzymes, e.g., ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Wu
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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25
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Wang JS, Zheng ZL, Lei J, Pan JC, Zou GL. Cloning, expression, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of arginine kinase from greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 153:268-74. [PMID: 19341812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism in invertebrate. The encoding AK gene from Shrimp Metapenaeus ensis (M. ensis) was cloned in prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-28a, and it was then expressed in Escherichia coil in dissoluble form. The recombinant protein was purified by following three chromatography steps in turn: CM-Cellulose cation-exchange, Sephacryl S-100HR gel filtrate and DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange. The purified AK's apparent K(m) was 2.33+/-0.1 and 1.59+/-0.2 mM for ATP and l-arginine, respectively, while its optimum pH and temperature was 8.5 and 30 degrees C in the process of forward reaction, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of cDNA-derived amino acid sequences for the AKs indicated a close affinity of M. ensis and another shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
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26
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Zhu WJ, Li M, Wang XY. Chemical modification studies on arginine kinase: Essential cysteine and arginine residues at the active site. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:564-71. [PMID: 17765964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification was used to elucidate the essential amino acids in the catalytic activity of arginine kinase (AK) from Migratoria manilensis. Among six cysteine (Cys) residues only one Cys residue was determined to be essential in the active site by Tsou's method. Furthermore, the AK modified by DTNB can be fully reactivated by dithiothreitol (DTT) in a monophasic kinetic course. At the same time, this reactivation can be slowed down in the presence of ATP, suggesting that the essential Cys is located near the ATP binding site. The ionizing groups at the AK active site were studied and the standard dissociation enthalpy (DeltaH degrees ) was 12.38kcal/mol, showing that the dissociation group may be the guanidino of arginine (Arg). Using the specific chemical modifier phenylglyoxal (PG) demonstrated that only one Arg, located near the ATP binding site, is essential for the activity of AK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
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27
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Xia Y, Park YD, Mu H, Zhou HM, Wang XY, Meng FG. The protective effects of osmolytes on arginine kinase unfolding and aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:437-43. [PMID: 17173966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osmolytes are a series of different kinds of small molecules that can maintain the correct conformation of protein by acting as molecular chaperons. In this study, the protective effects of four compatible osmolytes, i.e., proline, sucrose, DMSO and glycerol, were studied during arginine kinase (EC 2.7.3.3) unfolding and aggregation. The results showed that all the osmolytes applied in this study obviously prevented AK unfolding and inactivation that was due to a GdnHCl denaturant by reducing the inactivation rate constants (k(i)), increasing the transition free energy changes (DeltaDeltaG(i)) and increasing the value for the midpoint of denaturation (C(m)). Furthermore, the osmolytes remarkably prevented AK aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner during AK refolding. Our results strongly indicated that osmolytes were not only metabolism substrates, but they were also important compounds with significant physiological protective functions for proteins, especially in some extremely harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, PR China
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28
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Tang HM, Yang YY, Zhang SF. Effects of aspartic acid and potassium chloride on arginine kinase from shrimp. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 40:15-21. [PMID: 16828861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aspartic acid (Asp)-induced unfolding and the salt-induced folding of arginine kinase (AK) were studied in terms of enzyme activity, intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra, 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) fluorescence spectra and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The results showed that Asp caused inactivation and unfolding of AK with no aggregation during AK denaturation. The unfolding of the whole molecule and the inactivation of AK in different Asp concentrations were compared. Much lower Asp concentration was required to induce inactivation than to produce significant conformational changes of the enzyme molecule. However, with further addition of Asp, the molar ellipticity at 222 and 208 nm, the wavelength shift and the emission intensity of ANS hardly changed. Asp denatured AK was reactivated by dilution. In addition, potassium chloride (KCl) induced the molten globule state with a compact structure after AK was denatured with 7.5 mM Asp. These results collectively elucidate the osmotic effect of Asp anions for the molten globule formed during unfolding process. They also suggest that the effect of Asp differed from that of other denaturants such as guanidine hydrochloride or urea during AK folding. The molten globule state indicates that intermediates exist during AK folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-min Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Guizhou University for Ethnic Minorities, Guiyang 550025, China.
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29
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Feng Z, Qin G, Xicheng W. The kinetic study of arginine kinase from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:184-90. [PMID: 16038973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Stichopus japonicus arginine kinase (AK) is a significant dimeric enzyme. Its modification and inactivation course with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and the reactivation course of DTNB-modified AK by dithiothreitol were investigated on the basis of the kinetic theory of the substrate reaction during the modification of enzyme activity. The results show that the modification is a biphasic course while the inactivation is monophasic, with one essential reactive cysteine per subunit. The Cys274 (numbering from the Stichopus sequence) is exposed to DTNB and is near the ATP binding site. The modified AK can be reactivated by an excess concentration of dithiothreitol in a monophasic kinetic course. The presence of ATP or the transition-state analog markedly slows the apparent reactivation rate constant. The analog components, arginine-ADP-Mg2+ can induce conformational changes of the modified enzyme, but adding NO3- cannot induce further changes that occur with the native enzyme. The reactive cysteines' location and its role in the catalysis of AK are discussed. The results suggest that the cysteine may be located in the hinge area of the two domains of AK. The reactive cysteine of AK, which was proposed to be Cys274, may play an important role not in the binding of the transition-state analog but in the conformational changes caused by the transition-state analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Feng
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Pan JC, Wang JS, Cheng Y, Yu Z, Rao XM, Zhou HM. The role of detergent in refolding of GdnHCl-denatured arginine kinase from shrimpFenneropenaeus Chinensis: the solubilization of aggregate and refolding in detergent solutions. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:140-6. [PMID: 15864323 DOI: 10.1139/o05-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong aggregation occurred in the refolding route of arginine kinase (AK) denatured with 3 mol GdnHCl/L (GdnHCl, guanidine hydrochloride). The activity recovery of GdnHCl-denatured AK was very low and dependent on the protein concentration in the process of refolding. For denatured AK at 1.2 µmol/L concentration, the recovered activity yield was about 45.2% of the native enzyme, whereas at 5.2 µmol/L the activity recovery yield was only 20% of native activity. The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and Tween 20 (≤100 mmol/L concentration) not only effectively blocked the aggregation but also enabled the denatured AK to recover most of its native activity. The kinetics of aggregate solubilization showed that there was an induction phase dependent on the detergent, but there was no dependency when detergent was absent. The apparent activity recovery had a cooperative relation with detergents in the process of refolding, which suggested the existence of some interaction between the detergent and the refolding intermediate. On the basis of the study results, a scheme of refolding was proposed.Key words: arginine kinase, guanidine-denatured, refolding, detergent, aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Pan
- Department of Biology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, PR China
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31
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Tang HM, Yu H. Intermediate studies on refolding of arginine kinase denatured by guanidine hydrochloride. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:109-14. [PMID: 15864319 DOI: 10.1139/o04-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The refolding course and intermediate of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl)-denatured arginine kinase (AK) were studied in terms of enzymatic activity, intrinsic fluorescence, 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonte (ANS) fluorescence, and far-UV circular dichroism (CD). During AK refolding, the fluorescence intensity increased with a significantly blue shift of the emission maximum. The molar ellipticity of CD increased to close to that of native AK, as compared with the fully unfolded AK. In the AK refolding process, 2 refolding intermediates were observed at the concentration ranges of 0.8–1.0 mol/L and 0.3–0.5 mol GuHCl/L. The peak position of the fluorescence emission and the secondary structure of these conformation states remained roughly unchanged. The tryptophan fluorescence intensity increased a little. However, the ANS fluorescence intensity significantly increased, as compared with both the native and the fully unfolded states. The first refolding intermediate at the range of 0.8–1.0 mol GuHCl/L concentration represented a typical "pre-molten globule state structure" with inactivity. The second one, at the range of 0.3–0.5 mol GuHCl/L concentration, shared many structural characteristics of native AK, including its secondary and tertiary structure, and regained its catalytic function, although its activity was lower than that of native AK. The present results suggest that during the refolding of GuHCl-denatured AK there are at least 2 refolding intermediates; as well, the results provide direct evidence for the hierarchical mechanism of protein folding.Key words: arginine kinase, guanidine-denatured, refolding, intermediate, molten globule state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Tang
- College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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32
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Pan JC, Yu ZH, Hui EF, Zhou HM. Conformational change and inactivation of arginine kinase from shrimp Feneropenaeus chinensis in oxidized dithiothreitol solutions. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 82:361-7. [PMID: 15181469 DOI: 10.1139/o04-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxidized dithiothreitol (DTT) on the conformation and function of arginine kinase from shrimp Feneropenaeus chinensis was investigated with the methods of intrinsic fluorescence, ANS fluorescence, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and activity assay. The excess molecular oxidized dithiothreitol could result in a loss of activity and conformational change of arginine kinase. The oxidized arginine kinase was characterized by monitoring the changes of fluorescence emission wavelength (excitation wavelength: 295 nm) and the intensity of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) binding (excitation wavelength: 380 nm) to the protein. The results of fluorescence spectra showed that the presence of oxidized DTT could result in a marked change in the enzyme tertiary structure. The conformational changes of native and oxidized arginine kinase are induced by the presence of the full set of transition state analog (TSA) components. The results of size exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE indicated that no disulfide bond was formed among the protein molecules in the oxidized-DTT solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Pan
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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33
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Pan JC, Cheng Y, Hui EF, Zhou HM. Implications of the role of reactive cystein in arginine kinase: reactivation kinetics of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-modified arginine kinase reactivated by dithiothreitol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 317:539-44. [PMID: 15063791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-modified arginine kinase by dithiothreitol has been investigated using the kinetic theory of the substrate reaction during modification of enzyme activity. The results show that the modified arginine kinase can be fully reactivated by an excess concentration of dithiothreitol in a monophasic kinetic course. The presence of ATP or the transition-state analog markedly slows the apparent reactivation rate constant, while arginine shows no effect. The results of ultraviolet (UV) difference and intrinsic fluorescence spectra indicate that the substrate arginine-ADP-Mg2+ can induce conformational changes of the modified enzyme but adding NO3- cannot induce further changes that occur with the native enzyme. The reactive cysteines' location and role in the catalysis of arginine kinase are discussed. It is suggested that the cysteine may be located in the hinge region of the two domains of arginine kinase. The reactive cysteine of arginine kinase may play an important role not in the binding to the transition-state analog but in the conformational changes caused by the transition-state analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Pan
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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