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Sun T, Zhen T, Harakandi CH, Wang L, Guo H, Chen Y, Sun H. New insights into butyrylcholinesterase: Pharmaceutical applications, selective inhibitors and multitarget-directed ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116569. [PMID: 38852337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), also known as pseudocholinesterase and serum cholinesterase, is an isoenzyme of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It mediates the degradation of acetylcholine, especially under pathological conditions. Proverbial pharmacological applications of BChE, its mutants and modulators consist of combating Alzheimer's disease (AD), influencing multiple sclerosis (MS), addressing cocaine addiction, detoxifying organophosphorus poisoning and reflecting the progression or prognosis of some diseases. Of interest, recent reports have shed light on the relationship between BChE and lipid metabolism. It has also been proved that BChE is going to increase abnormally as a compensator for AChE in the middle and late stages of AD, and BChE inhibitors can alleviate cognitive disorders and positively influence some pathological features in AD model animals, foreboding favorable prospects and potential applications. Herein, the selective BChE inhibitors and BChE-related multitarget-directed ligands published in the last three years were briefly summarized, along with the currently known pharmacological applications of BChE, aiming to grasp the latest research directions. Thereinto, some emerging strategies for designing BChE inhibitors are intriguing, and the modulators based on target combination of histone deacetylase and BChE against AD is unprecedented. Furthermore, the involvement of BChE in the hydrolysis of ghrelin, the inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and the down-regulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) expression suggests its potential to influence lipid metabolism disorders. This compelling prospect likely stimulates further exploration in this promising research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Huang ST, Luo JC, Zhong GH, Teng LP, Yang CY, Tang CL, Jing L, Zhou ZB, Liu J, Jiang N. In vitro and in vivo Biological Evaluation of Newly Tacrine-Selegiline Hybrids as Multi-Target Inhibitors of Cholinesterases and Monoamine Oxidases for Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:133-159. [PMID: 38283137 PMCID: PMC10822116 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s432170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its multifactorial nature increases the difficulty of medical research. To explore an effective treatment for AD, a series of novel tacrine-selegiline hybrids with ChEs and MAOs inhibitory activities were designed and synthesized as multifunctional drugs. Methods All designed compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibition of cholinesterases (AChE/BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A/B) along with their blood-brain barrier permeability. Then, further biological activities of the optimizing compound 7d were determined, including molecular model analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, acute toxicity studies in vivo, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic property studies in vivo. Results Most synthesized compounds demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against ChEs/MAOs. Particularly, compound 7d exhibited good and well-balanced activity against ChEs (hAChE: IC50 = 1.57 μM, hBuChE: IC50 = 0.43 μM) and MAOs (hMAO-A: IC50 = 2.30 μM, hMAO-B: IC50 = 4.75 μM). Molecular modeling analysis demonstrated that 7d could interact simultaneously with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE in a mixed-type manner and also exhibits binding affinity towards BuChE and MAO-B. Additionally, 7d displayed excellent permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and under the experimental conditions, it elicited low or no toxicity toward PC12 and BV-2 cells. Furthermore, 7d was not acutely toxic in mice at doses up to 2500 mg/kg and could improve the cognitive function of mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Lastly, 7d possessed well pharmacokinetic characteristics. Conclusion In light of these results, it is clear that 7d could potentially serve as a promising multi-functional drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Tong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Drakontaeidi A, Pontiki E. Multi-Target-Directed Cinnamic Acid Hybrids Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:582. [PMID: 38203753 PMCID: PMC10778916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing challenge. Present therapies are based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition providing only temporary relief. Promising alternatives include butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, multi-target ligands (MTDLs) that address the multi-factorial nature of AD, and compounds that target oxidative stress and inflammation. Cinnamate derivatives, known for their neuroprotective properties, show potential when combined with established AD agents, demonstrating improved efficacy. They are being positioned as potential AD therapeutic leads due to their ability to inhibit Aβ accumulation and provide neuroprotection. This article highlights the remarkable potential of cinnamic acid as a basic structure that is easily adaptable and combinable to different active groups in the struggle against Alzheimer's disease. Compounds with a methoxy substitution at the para-position of cinnamic acid display increased efficacy, whereas electron-withdrawing groups are generally more effective. The effect of the molecular volume is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Zou D, Liu R, Lv Y, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Latest advances in dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2270781. [PMID: 37955252 PMCID: PMC10653629 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2270781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease characterised by progressive memory loss and cognition impairment, ultimately leading to death. There are three FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, AChEIs) for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been considered to contribute to pathologies of AD. Therefore, we reviewed the dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and MAO-B developed in the last five years. In this review, these dual-target inhibitors were classified into six groups according to the basic parent structure, including chalcone, coumarin, chromone, benzo-fused five-membered ring, imine and hydrazine, and other scaffolds. Their design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and molecular docking studies with AChE and MAO-B were analysed and discussed, giving valuable insights for the subsequent development of AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors. Challenges in the development of balanced and potent AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors were noted, and corresponding solutions were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Khan M, Halim SA, Waqas M, Golmohammadi F, Balalaie S, Csuk R, Uddin J, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Substrate-like novel inhibitors of prolyl specific oligo peptidase for neurodegenerative disorders. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37608559 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl specific oligopeptidase (POP), is one of the highly expressed enzymes in the brain and is a prime target to treat disorders related to the central nervous system. Here, we describe the structure-based design of the tacrine derivatives, selective, and brain-permeable POP inhibitors. These compounds inactivate POP in-vitro specifically and sustainably at very low concentrations (nano molar). Among this series, compound 6b (IC50 = 0.81 ± 0.04 µM) exhibited most potent inhibition. Furthermore, kinetic study revealed that these molecules target active site of POP which is further confirmed by in-silico molecular interaction analysis. The computational docking results indicates that the compounds are well fitted in the active site with high binding score (i.e., > -7 to > -4 kcal/mol) where Trp595, Arg643, Tyr473, and Ser554 plays important role in binding with the active compounds. The molecular dynamic simulation of most active compounds (6a, 6b, 6d, and 6f) displayed higher free energy binding, when compared to the standard drug in MM-PBSA based binding free energy calculation. In addition, the predicted pharmacokinetic profile suggests that these compounds can serve as excellent inhibitors upon additional optimization which makes them prime choice for further investigation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farhad Golmohammadi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rene Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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6
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Rajah Kumaran K, Yunusa S, Perimal E, Wahab H, Müller CP, Hassan Z. Insights into the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Current Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:507-530. [PMID: 36502321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aging population increases steadily because of a healthy lifestyle and medical advancements in healthcare. However, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming more common and problematic among older adults. AD-related cases show an increasing trend annually, and the younger age population may also be at risk of developing this disorder. AD constitutes a primary form of dementia, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that steadily damages cognitive functions and the ability to perform daily tasks. Later in life, AD leads to death as a result of the degeneration of specific brain areas. Currently, the cause of AD is poorly understood, and there is no safe and effective therapeutic agent to cure or slow down its progression. The condition is entirely preventable, and no study has yet demonstrated encouraging findings in terms of treatment. Identifying this disease's pathophysiology can help researchers develop safe and efficient therapeutic strategies to treat this ailment. This review outlines and discusses the pathophysiology that resulted in the development of AD including amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, glutamate excitotoxicity, and changes in neurotrophins level may sound better based on the literature search from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Potential therapeutic strategies are discussed to provide more insights into AD mechanisms by developing some possible pharmacological agents for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesevan Rajah Kumaran
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Yunusa
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Bauchi State University Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - Enoch Perimal
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Christian P Müller
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Synthesis of Benzothiazole Linked Triazole Conjugates and Their Evaluation Against Cholinesterase Enzymes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Fazelinejad H, Zahedi E, Nazarian S, Kaffash Siuki Z, Nasri S, Dadmehr M, Mehrabi M, Khodarahmi R. Neuroprotective effect of Bis(Indolyl)phenylmethane in Alzheimer’s disease rat model through inhibition of hen Lysozyme amyloid fibril-induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Alım Z, Tunç T, Demirel N, Günel A, Karacan N. Synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives containing amide bond and biological evaluation as acetylcholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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New synthetic quinaldine conjugates: Assessment of their anti-cholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic activities, and molecular docking analysis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Grishchenko MV, Elkina NA, Makhaeva GF, Burgart YV, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Shchegolkov EV, Kovaleva NV, Serebryakova OG, Saloutin VI. Conjugates of Tacrine with Aminomethylidene-Substituted Malonates: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The condensation of tacrine aminopolymethylene derivatives with diethyl (ethoxymethylidene)malonate led to the new hybrid compounds—conjugates, which were the effective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 up to 0.538 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 up to 0.0314 μM). They can displace propidium iodide from peripherical anionic site of AChE at the level of the reference drug donepezil and demonstrate a weak antioxidant activity. Conjugates are of interest for further extended research as potential drugs for the Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
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12
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New Drug Design Avenues Targeting Alzheimer's Disease by Pharmacoinformatics-Aided Tools. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091914. [PMID: 36145662 PMCID: PMC9503559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have been of great interest to scientists for a long time due to their multifactorial character. Among these pathologies, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is of special relevance, and despite the existence of approved drugs for its treatment, there is still no efficient pharmacological therapy to stop, slow, or repair neurodegeneration. Existing drugs have certain disadvantages, such as lack of efficacy and side effects. Therefore, there is a real need to discover new drugs that can deal with this problem. However, as AD is multifactorial in nature with so many physiological pathways involved, the most effective approach to modulate more than one of them in a relevant manner and without undesirable consequences is through polypharmacology. In this field, there has been significant progress in recent years in terms of pharmacoinformatics tools that allow the discovery of bioactive molecules with polypharmacological profiles without the need to spend a long time and excessive resources on complex experimental designs, making the drug design and development pipeline more efficient. In this review, we present from different perspectives how pharmacoinformatics tools can be useful when drug design programs are designed to tackle complex diseases such as AD, highlighting essential concepts, showing the relevance of artificial intelligence and new trends, as well as different databases and software with their main results, emphasizing the importance of coupling wet and dry approaches in drug design and development processes.
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13
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Hussain R, Rahim F, Rehman W, Taha M, Khan S, Zaman K, Ali Shah SA, Wadood A, Imran S, Abdellatif M. New bis-thiazolidinone based chalcone analogues as effective inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, molecular docking, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase study. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200323. [PMID: 35997224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of twenty bis -thiazolidinone based chalcone scaffolds (1-20) were synthesized and characterized by using various spectroscopic tools such as HR-EI-MS, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR and were screened in vitro for their AChE and BuChE inhibition profile. It was noteworthy, that all the synthetic analogues (except analogues 10, 12 and 1 4 , which are found to be inactive) showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials on screening against AchE and BuChE enzymes with IC 50 values ranging from 0.10 ±0.050 to 7.60 ± 0.10 µM and 0.10 ± 0.050µM to 10.70 ± 0.20 µM as compared to standard Donepezil inhibitor (IC 50 = 0.016 ± 0.12 µM), (IC 50 = 4.5 ± 0.11 µM). Among the current series, analogue 20 (IC 50 = 0.10 ± 0.050µM), (IC 50 = 0.10 ± 0.050µM) bearing trihydroxy substitutions on ortho -, meta - and para -position of both rings A and B , respectively was found to be the most active inhibitor of AChE and BuChE enzymes . Analogue 19 (IC 50 = 0.20 ± 0.050 µM), (IC 50 = 0.20 ± 0.050µM) bearing dihydroxy substitutions on ortho - and meta -position of both ring A and ring B respectively, was identified as the second most potent inhibitor against both these enzymes. Potent analogs were further subjected to molecular docking study to identify the binding interactions with enzymes active site. SAR study was done for all the analogues mostly based on substitution pattern on both ring A and B respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Hazara University, Chemistry, Mansehra, Mansehra, PAKISTAN
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Hazara University, Chemistry, Mansehra, 21220, Mansehra, PAKISTAN
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University: Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Chemistry, Mansehra, Mansehra, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Hazara University, Chemistry, Mansehra, Mansehra, PAKISTAN
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Hazara University, Chemistry, Mansehra, Mansehra, PAKISTAN
| | | | - Abdul Wadood
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan, Mardan, PAKISTAN
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Universiti Selangor, Chemistry, Selangor, Ceylon, MALAYSIA
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14
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Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Neurotherapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7252882. [PMID: 36035218 PMCID: PMC9410840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7252882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine is a drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as a cognitive enhancer and inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, its clinical application has been restricted due to its poor therapeutic efficacy and high prevalence of detrimental effects. An attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie tacrine and its analogues influence over neurotherapeutic activity by focusing on modulation of neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and regulatory role in gene and protein expression, energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis modulation, and osmotic regulation. Regardless of this, analogues of tacrine are considered as a model inhibitor of cholinesterase in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. The variety both in structural make-up and biological functions of these substances is the main appeal for researchers' interest in them. A new paradigm for treating neurological diseases is presented in this review, which includes treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease, as well as other neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and the synthesis and biological properties of newly identified versatile tacrine analogues and hybrids. We have also shown that these analogues may have therapeutic promise in the treatment of neurological diseases in a variety of experimental systems.
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15
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Jana A, Bhattacharjee A, Das SS, Srivastava A, Choudhury A, Bhattacharjee R, De S, Perveen A, Iqbal D, Gupta PK, Jha SK, Ojha S, Singh SK, Ruokolainen J, Jha NK, Kesari KK, Ashraf GM. Molecular Insights into Therapeutic Potentials of Hybrid Compounds Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3512-3528. [PMID: 35347587 PMCID: PMC9148293 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most complex progressive neurological disorders involving degeneration of neuronal connections in brain cells leading to cell death. AD is predominantly detected among elder people (> 65 years), mostly diagnosed with the symptoms of memory loss and cognitive dysfunctions. The multifarious pathogenesis of AD comprises the accumulation of pathogenic proteins, decreased neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The conventional therapeutic approaches are limited to symptomatic benefits and are ineffective against disease progression. In recent years, researchers have shown immense interest in the designing and fabrication of various novel therapeutics comprised of naturally isolated hybrid molecules. Hybrid therapeutic compounds are developed from the combination of pharmacophores isolated from bioactive moieties which specifically target and block various AD-associated pathogenic pathways. The method of designing hybrid molecules has numerous advantages over conventional multitarget drug development methods. In comparison to in silico high throughput screening, hybrid molecules generate quicker results and are also less expensive than fragment-based drug development. Designing hybrid-multitargeted therapeutic compounds is thus a prospective approach in developing an effective treatment for AD. Nevertheless, several issues must be addressed, and additional researches should be conducted to develop hybrid therapeutic compounds for clinical usage while keeping other off-target adverse effects in mind. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress on synthesis of hybrid compounds, their molecular mechanism, and therapeutic potential in AD. Using synoptic tables, figures, and schemes, the review presents therapeutic promise and potential for the development of many disease-modifying hybrids into next-generation medicines for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Arkadyuti Bhattacharjee
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Avani Srivastava
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Akshpita Choudhury
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharjee
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Swagata De
- Department of English, DDE Unit, The University of Burdwan, GolapbagBurdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Zeng F, Lu T, Wang J, Nie X, Xiong W, Yin Z, Peng D. Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Coumarin-BMT Hybrids as New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072142. [PMID: 35408542 PMCID: PMC9000719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin possesses the aromatic group and showed plentiful activities, such as antioxidant, preventing asthma and antisepsis. In addition, coumarin derivatives usually possess good solubility, low cytotoxicity and excellent cell permeability. In our study, we synthesized the compound bridge methylene tacrine (BMT), which has the classical pharmacophore structure of Tacrine (THA). Based on the principle of active substructure splicing, BMT was used as a lead compound and synthesized coumarin-BMT hybrids by introducing coumarin to BMT. In this work, 21 novel hybrids of BMT and coumarin were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on AChE. All obtained compounds present preferable inhibition. Compound 8b was the most active compound, with the value of Ki as 49.2 nM, which was higher than Galantamine (GAL) and lower than THA. The result of molecular docking showed that the highest binding free energy was -40.43 kcal/mol for compound 8b, which was an identical trend with the calculated Ki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxin Zeng
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (F.Z.); (T.L.)
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (F.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.W.); (X.N.); (W.X.)
| | - Xuliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.W.); (X.N.); (W.X.)
| | - Wanming Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.W.); (X.N.); (W.X.)
| | - Zhongping Yin
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (F.Z.); (T.L.)
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (D.P.)
| | - Dayong Peng
- East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (F.Z.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.W.); (X.N.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (D.P.)
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17
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Xia D, Liu H, Cheng X, Maraswami M, Chen Y, Lv X. Recent Developments of Coumarin-based Hybrids in Drug Discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:269-283. [PMID: 34986774 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220105105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin scaffold is a highly significant O-heterocycle, namely benzopyran-2-ones, form an elite class of naturally occurring compounds that possess promising therapeutic perspectives. Based on its broad spectrum of biological activities, the privileged coumarin scaffold is applied to medicinal and pharmacological treatments by several rational design strategies and approaches. Structure-activity relationships of the coumarin-based hybrids with various bioactivity fragments revealed significant information toward the further development of highly potent and selective disorder therapeutic agents. The molecular docking studies between coumarins and critical therapeutic enzymes demonstrated mode of action by forming noncovalent interactions with more than one receptor, further rationally confirm information about structure-activity relationships. This review summarizes recent developments relating to coumarin-based hybrids with other pharmacophores aiming to numerous feasible therapeutic enzymatic targets to combat various therapeutic fields, including anticancer, antimicrobic, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguo Xia
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yiting Chen
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianhai Lv
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
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18
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Nie B, Wu W, Jin C, Ren Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alicyclic[ b]-Fused Pyridines via C(sp 2)-H Activation of α,β-Unsaturated N-Acetyl Hydrazones with Vinyl Azides. J Org Chem 2021; 87:159-171. [PMID: 34931823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic protocol for alicyclic[b]-fused pyridines with complete regioselectivity from α,β-unsaturated N-acetyl hydrazones and vinyl azides via Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/cyclization/aromatization strategy has been described. A series of five- to eight-membered alicyclic[b]-fused pyridines were prepared in a one-step manner with wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guang-dong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guang-dong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanfei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Qingyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (No. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake PharmaCompany, Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guang-dong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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19
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Zhang P, Wang Z, Mou C, Zou J, Xie Y, Liu Z, Benjamin Naman C, Mao Y, Wei J, Huang X, Dong J, Yang M, Wang N, Jin H, Liu F, Lin D, Liu H, Zhou F, He S, Zhang B, Cui W. Design and synthesis of novel tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers that are multiple-target-directed ligands with potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105387. [PMID: 34628225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that has multiple causes. Therefore, multiple-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), which act on multiple targets, have been developed as a novel strategy for AD therapy. In this study, novel drug candidates were designed and synthesized by the covalent linkings of tacrine, a previously used anti-AD acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and dipicolylamine, an β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation inhibitor. Most tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers potently inhibited AChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation in vitro, and 13a exhibited nanomolar level inhibition. Molecular docking analysis suggested that 13a could interact with the catalytic active sites and the peripheral anion site of AChE, and bind to Aβ1-42 pentamers. Moreover, 13a effectively attenuated Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by activating the cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway, decreasing tau phosphorylation, preventing synaptic toxicity, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. The safety profile of 13a in mice was demonstrated by acute toxicity experiments. All these results suggested that novel tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers, especially 13a, have multi-target neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing potentials, and therefore might be developed as MTDLs to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenye Mou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiamei Zou
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuechun Mao
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinghan Huang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Haixiao Jin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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20
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Saravanan K, Karthikeyan S, Sugarthi S, Stephen AD. Binding studies of known molecules with acetylcholinesterase and bovine serum albumin: A comparative view. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119856. [PMID: 33979725 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between selected molecules (piperine, tacrine, curcumin and silibinin) and proteins (acetylcholinesterase and bovine serum albumin) were investigated by Fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, free energy calculation and non-covalent interaction analysis. These binding characteristics are of huge interest for understanding pharmacokinetic mechanism of the target molecules. The steady-state emission spectrum results showed that presence of static quenching mode for piperine, tacrine, curcumin, silibinin molecules with BSA and AChE complexes separately and this excitation-emission matrix analysis suggest that formation of ground-state complex between piperine, tacrine, curcumin, silibinin drugs and both BSA, AChE protein molecules. And, the binding model from molecular docking analysis of both BSA and AChE with these molecules clearly displayed non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions) which played a significant role in the binding mechanism. Further, the protein-ligand complexes are subjected to molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculation to confirm the stability of the molecule in the active site of BSA and AChE. The NCI (non-covalent interaction) approach supports to visualize the iso-surface of the reduced density gradient of such interactions between protein and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02093, Poland; Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India.
| | - Subramani Karthikeyan
- G. S. Gill Research Institute, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 042, India
| | - Srinivasan Sugarthi
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
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21
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A systematic review of carbohydrate-based bioactive molecules for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1695-1711. [PMID: 34472382 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance, low cost, high density of functional groups and ease of purification of carbohydrates are among the most important features that make them a prime candidate for designing therapeutics. Several carbohydrate-based molecules, of both natural and synthetic origin, are known for their wide range of therapeutic activities. The incorporation of a carbohydrate moiety not only retains the pharmacological characteristics of a molecule but also improves its activity. Several sugar conjugates have been designed and reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, β-amyloid and tau aggregation. This systematic review provides a brief overview of carbohydrate-based bioactive molecules having anti-Alzheimer's activity along with improved therapeutic potential. Most importantly, several reported carbohydrate-based molecules for Alzheimer's disease act on β-amyloid aggregation, tau protein, cholinesterase and oxidative stress, with enhanced pharmacokinetic and mechanistic properties. The prospect of designing carbohydrate-based molecules for Alzheimer's disease will definitely provide potential opportunities to discover novel carbohydrate-based drugs.
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22
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Multi-Target Actions of Acridones from Atalantia monophylla towards Alzheimer's Pathogenesis and Their Pharmacokinetic Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090888. [PMID: 34577588 PMCID: PMC8470973 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten acridones isolated from Atalantia monophylla were evaluated for effects on Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis including antioxidant effects, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, prevention of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and neuroprotection. To understand the mechanism, the type of AChE inhibition was investigated in vitro and binding interactions between acridones and AChE or Aβ were explored in silico. Drug-likeness and ADMET parameters were predicted in silico using SwissADME and pKCSM programs, respectively. All acridones showed favorable drug-likeness and possessed multifunctional activities targeting AChE function, Aβ aggregation and oxidation. All acridones inhibited AChE in a mixed-type manner and bound AChE at both catalytic anionic and peripheral anionic sites. In silico analysis showed that acridones interfered with Aβ aggregation by interacting at the central hydrophobic core, C-terminal hydrophobic region, and the key residues 41 and 42. Citrusinine II showed potent multifunctional action with the best ADMET profile and could alleviate neuronal cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and Aβ1-42 toxicity.
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23
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Li X, Li X, Liu F, Li S, Shi D. Rational Multitargeted Drug Design Strategy from the Perspective of a Medicinal Chemist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10581-10605. [PMID: 34313432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has become a widely focused research topic, but rational design remains as an enormous challenge. This paper reviews and discusses the design strategy of incorporating the second activity into an existing single-active ligand. If the binding sites of both targets share similar endogenous substrates, MTDLs can be designed by merging two lead compounds with similar functional groups. If the binding sites are large or adjacent to the solution, two key pharmacophores can be fused directly. If the binding regions are small and deep inside the proteins, the linked-pharmacophore strategy might be the only way. The added pharmacophores of second targets should not affect the binding mode of the original ones. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the two targets need to be adjusted to achieve an optimal ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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24
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Rani A, Singh A, Kaur J, Singh G, Bhatti R, Gumede N, Kisten P, Singh P, Sumanjit, Kumar V. 1H-1,2,3-triazole grafted tacrine-chalcone conjugates as potential cholinesterase inhibitors with the evaluation of their behavioral tests and oxidative stress in mice brain cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105053. [PMID: 34120027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present paper explicates the synthesis of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered tacrine-chalcone conjugates and evaluation of their AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity. In-vitroAChE inhibition assay revealed three compounds, 9h, 9i, and 11f, being more potent than the standard drug tacrine and further evaluated against butyrylcholinesterase. The present study was extended to investigate the anti-amnestic effect of promising compoundson scopolamine-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes in mice. Inclined plane model and Elevated plus-maze model were performed to assess general limb motor activity and anxiety-like behavior, respectively, in mice pre-treated with scopolamine. Oxidative stress parameters reduced glutathione contents (GSH) and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) in the brain homogenates as estimated using ex-vivo studies. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for the potent compounds to decipher the mechanism of observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Njabulo Gumede
- Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa
| | - Prishani Kisten
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sumanjit
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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25
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Taha M, Alshamrani FJ, Rahim F, Anouar EH, Uddin N, Chigurupati S, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Iqbal N, Aldubayan M, Venugopal V, Khan KM. Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and kinetic study of indole base sulfonamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in search of potent anti-Alzheimer agent. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2021; 33:101401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
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26
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Design, synthesis and biological assessment of new 1-benzyl-4-((4-oxoquinazolin-3(4 H)-yl)methyl) pyridin-1-ium derivatives (BOPs) as potential dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06683. [PMID: 33869871 PMCID: PMC8045006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is among the most growing neurodegenerative diseases, which is mainly caused by the acetylcholine neurotransmitter loss in the hippocampus and cortex. Emerging of the dual Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors has increased for treating Alzheimer disease. In this study, we would like to report the design and synthesis of a new sequence of 1-benzyl-4-((4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)methyl) pyridin-1-ium derivatives (BOPs) assessed as BuChE and AChE inhibitors. Ellman's approach was used for the evaluation of AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities. Moreover, docking research was conducted to predict the action mechanism. Among all synthesized compounds, 1-(3-bromobenzyl)-3-((4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)methyl) pyridin-1-ium bromide (BOP-1) was found to be the most active compound with dual activity for inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 5.90 ± 0.07μM), and BuChE (IC50 = 6.76 ± 0.04μM) and 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)methyl) pyridin-1-ium chloride (BOP-8) showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity (IC50s = 1.11 ± 0.09 μM). The synthesized compounds BOP-1 and BOP-8 could be proposed as valuable lead compounds for further drug discovery development against AD.
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Flavonoids-Macromolecules Interactions in Human Diseases with Focus on Alzheimer, Atherosclerosis and Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030423. [PMID: 33802084 PMCID: PMC7999194 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, consumed daily in our diet, are associated with a reduced risk for oxidative stress (OS)-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and inflammation. The involvement of flavonoids with OS-related chronic diseases have been traditionally attributed to their antioxidant activity. However, evidence from recent studies indicate that flavonoids' beneficial impact may be assigned to their interaction with cellular macromolecules, rather than exerting a direct antioxidant effect. This review provides an overview of the recent evolving research on interactions between the flavonoids and lipoproteins, proteins, chromatin, DNA, and cell-signaling molecules that are involved in the OS-related chronic diseases; it focuses on the mechanisms by which flavonoids attenuate the development of the aforementioned chronic diseases via direct and indirect effects on gene expression and cellular functions. The current review summarizes data from the literature and from our recent research and then compares specific flavonoids' interactions with their targets, focusing on flavonoid structure-activity relationships. In addition, the various methods of evaluating flavonoid-protein and flavonoid-DNA interactions are presented. Our aim is to shed light on flavonoids action in the body, beyond their well-established, direct antioxidant activity, and to provide insights into the mechanisms by which these small molecules, consumed daily, influence cellular functions.
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Afzal H, Khan NUH, Sultana K, Mobashar A, Lareb A, Khan A, Gull A, Afzaal H, Khan MT, Rizwan M, Imran M. Schiff Bases of Pioglitazone Provide Better Antidiabetic and Potent Antioxidant Effect in a Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rodent Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4470-4479. [PMID: 33623853 PMCID: PMC7893790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist and used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, this drug is still associated with many adverse effects. In the present study, four new Schiff bases of pioglitazone (P1-P4) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. For preliminary screening, the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and in vitro alpha-amylase antidiabetic inhibitory assay were performed. Further, P3 was used to investigate in vivo antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were administered with an i.p dose of pioglitazone 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Moreover, biochemical parameters and antioxidants were quantified from liver and kidney tissues of rodents. In the DPPH assay, compound P3 showed superior antioxidant effects. Using the in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay, P3 exhibited potent effects as compared to other groups, that is, 93% inhibition, while pioglitazone showed 81% inhibition. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants showed significant changes in P3 (10 mg/kg)-treated groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, compound P3 produced significant and better results in comparison to pioglitazone in the rodent model. This study confirmed potent antidiabetic and superior antioxidant potential of the newly synthesized Schiff base (P3), which could ultimately account for insulin sensitization and for cellular protection and hence provide a potential clue for dual therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza
Rabia Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najm ul Hassan Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Sultana
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Lareb
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abrashim Gull
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Afzaal
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science
and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center
for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University
of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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29
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Singh YP, Rai H, Singh G, Singh GK, Mishra S, Kumar S, Srikrishna S, Modi G. A review on ferulic acid and analogs based scaffolds for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113278. [PMID: 33662757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe central cholinergic neuronal loss, gradually contributing to cognitive dysfunction and impaired motor activity, resulting in the brain's cell death at the later stages of AD. Although the etiology of AD is not well understood, however, several factors such as oxidative stress, deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides to form Aβ plaques, intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and low level of acetylcholine are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. There is practically no drug for AD treatment that can address the basic factors responsible for the neurodegeneration and slow down the disease progression. The currently available therapies for AD in the market focus on providing only symptomatic relief without addressing the aforesaid basic factors responsible for the neurodegeneration. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenol derivative from natural sources and serves as a potential pharmacophore that exerts multiple pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, neuroprotection, Aβ aggregation modulation, and anti-inflammatory. Several FA based hybrid analogs are under investigation as a multi-target directed ligand (MTDLs) to develop novel hybrid compounds for the treatment of AD. In the present review article, we are focused on the critical pathogenic factors responsible for the onset of AD followed by the developments of FA pharmacophore-based hybrids compounds as a novel multifunctional therapeutic agent to address the limitations associated with available treatment for AD. The rationale behind the development of these compounds and their pharmacological activities in particular to their ChE inhibition (ChEI), neuroprotection, antioxidant property, Aβ aggregation modulation, and metal chelation ability, are discussed in detail. We have also discussed the discovery of caffeic and cinnamic acids based MTDLs for AD. This review paper provides an in-depth insight into the research progress and current status of these novel therapeutics in AD and prospects for developing a druggable molecule with desired pharmacological affinity and reduced toxicity for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Himanshu Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Central University of South Bihar Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Sunil Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Altinoglu G, Adali T. Alzheimer's Disease Targeted Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:628-646. [PMID: 31744447 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191118123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and is part of a massive and growing health care burden that is destroying the cognitive function of more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Today, therapeutic options are limited to approaches with mild symptomatic benefits. The failure in developing effective drugs is attributed to, but not limited to the highly heterogeneous nature of AD with multiple underlying hypotheses and multifactorial pathology. In addition, targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), for the diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases like AD, is restricted by the challenges posed by blood-brain interfaces surrounding the CNS, limiting the bioavailability of therapeutics. Research done over the last decade has focused on developing new strategies to overcome these limitations and successfully deliver drugs to the CNS. Nanoparticles, that are capable of encapsulating drugs with sustained drug release profiles and adjustable physiochemical properties, can cross the protective barriers surrounding the CNS. Thus, nanotechnology offers new hope for AD treatment as a strong alternative to conventional drug delivery mechanisms. In this review, the potential application of nanoparticle based approaches in Alzheimer's disease and their implications in therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcem Altinoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Terin Adali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey
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31
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Imran M, Shah FA, Nadeem H, Zeb A, Faheem M, Naz S, Bukhari A, Ali T, Li S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Agents in an Ethanol-Induced Rodent Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:489-505. [PMID: 33430586 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disease in middle to elder aged people, which can be exacerbated by lifestyle factors. Recent longitudinal studies demonstrated that alcohol consumption exacerbates memory impairments in adults. However, the underlying mechanism of alcohol-induced memory impairment is still elusive. The increased cellular manifestation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of numerous proinflammatory markers play a critical role in the neurodegeneration and pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, reducing neurodegeneration by decreasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may provide a potential therapeutic roadmap for the treatment of AD. In this study, eight new benzimidazole acetamide derivatives (FP1, FP2, FP5-FP10) were synthesized and characterized to investigate its neuroprotective effects in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in a rat model. Further, three derivatives (FP1, FP7, and FP8) were selected for in vivo molecular analysis based on preliminary in vitro antioxidant screening assay. Molecular docking analysis was performed to assess the affinity of synthesized benzimidazole acetamide derivatives against selected proinflammatory targets (TNF-α, IL-6). Biochemical analysis revealed elevated expression of neuroinflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, NLRP3), increased cellular oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-exposed rats brain. Notably, pretreatment with new benzimidazole acetamide derivatives (FP1, FP7, and FP8) significantly modulated the ethanol-induced memory deficits, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, NLRP3) in the cortex. The multipurpose nature of acetamide containing benzimidazole nucleus and its versatile affinity toward numerous receptors highlight its multistep targeting potential. These results indicated the neuroprotective potential of benzimidazole acetamide derivatives (FP1, FP7, and FP8) as novel therapeutic candidates in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration which may partially be due to inhibition of the neuroinflammatory-oxidative stress vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bukhari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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32
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Baglini E, Salerno S, Barresi E, Robello M, Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Marini AM. Multiple Topoisomerase I (TopoI), Topoisomerase II (TopoII) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase (TDP) inhibitors in the development of anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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Design, synthesis and biological assessment of acridine derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety as novel selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104457. [PMID: 33339082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of acridine derivatives containing substituted thiadiazol-2-amine moiety was synthesized via multi-component condensation reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehyde and 5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines in the presence of LaCl3 as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Anticholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) activity evaluation of the derivatives showed that all the derivatives are capable of inhibiting both enzymes and are highly selective towards AChE. Among them, the ability of 4i and 4d with respective IC50 values of 0.002 and 0.006 µM to inhibit AChE was higher than the reference compound tacrine (IC50 = 0.016 µM). The kinetics studies demonstrated that 4i and 4d inhibit AChE through a competitive/non-competitive mixed mechanism. The HEPG2 cell viability assay evidenced that 4i and 4d significantly exhibit lower hepatotoxicity compared with tacrine. Blind docking experiments performed on TcAChE (PDB ID: 2ACE) indicated that an unknown site is preferred for binding by all the derivatives over classic binding site of the enzyme, site 1 (CAS/PAS). Identification of the residues by protein structure alignment confirmed that this site is site 2 which was recently recognized as a new allosteric site of hAChE. The binding modes of 4i and 4d were also investigated using local docking studies on site 1 and site 2.
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34
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Adeowo FY, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Design and Development of Cholinesterase Dual Inhibitors towards Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Focus on Recent Contributions from Computational and Theoretical Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y. Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
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35
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Vitamin B3-Based Biologically Active Compounds as Inhibitors of Human Cholinesterases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218088. [PMID: 33138280 PMCID: PMC7663184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the potential of nine vitamin B3 scaffold-based derivatives as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, as a starting point for the development of novel drugs for treating disorders with cholinergic neurotransmission-linked pathology. As the results indicate, all compounds reversibly inhibited both enzymes in the micromolar range pointing to the preference of AChE over BChE for binding the tested derivatives. Molecular docking studies revealed the importance of interactions with AChE active site residues Tyr337 and Tyr124, which dictated most of the observed differences. The most potent inhibitor of both enzymes with Ki of 4 μM for AChE and 8 μM for BChE was the nicotinamide derivative 1-(4′-phenylphenacyl)-3-carbamoylpyridinium bromide. Such a result places it within the range of several currently studied novel cholinesterase inhibitors. Cytotoxicity profiling did not classify this compound as highly toxic, but the induced effects on cells should not be neglected in any future detailed studies and when considering this scaffold for drug development.
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36
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Sharma S, Banjare MK, Singh N, Korábečný J, Kuča K, Ghosh KK. Multi-spectroscopic monitoring of molecular interactions between an amino acid-functionalized ionic liquid and potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38873-38883. [PMID: 35518436 PMCID: PMC9057349 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the formation of amyloid fibrils is a crucial step in the prevention of the human neurological disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ionic liquid (IL) mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibits inhibition effects on amyloid fibrils. In view of the beneficial role of ILs, in this work we have explored complexation of anti-Alzheimer's drugs (i.e., tacrine and PC-37) and an amino acid-functionalized IL [AIL (4-PyC8)]. Maintaining standard physiological conditions, the binding mechanism, thermo-dynamical properties and binding parameters were studied by employing UV-vis, fluorescence, FTIR, 1H NMR, COSY and NOESY spectroscopy. The present investigation uncovers the fact that the interaction of anti-Alzheimer's drugs with 4-PyC8 is mediated through H-bonding and van der Waals forces. The Benesi–Hildebrand relation was used to evaluate the binding affinity and PC-37 showed the highest binding when complexed with 4-PyC8. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands at 3527.98 cm−1 and 3527.09 cm−1 for the PC-37 + 4-PyC8 system which is quite promising compared to tacrine. 1H-NMR experiments recorded deshielding for tacrine at relatively higher concentrations than PC-37. COSY investigations suggest that anti-Alzheimer's drugs after complexation with 4-PyC8 show a 1 : 1 ratio. The cross-peaks of the NOESY spectra involve correlations between anti-Alzheimer's drugs and AIL protons, indicating complexation between them. The observed results indicate that these complexes are expected to have a possible therapeutic role in reducing/inhibiting amyloid fibrils when incorporated into drug formulations. Ionic liquids mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibit inhibition effect on amyloid fibrils which is beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010 C.G. India
| | - Manoj Kumar Banjare
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010 C.G. India .,MATS School of Sciences, MATS University Pagaria Complex, Pandri Raipur-492009 C.G. India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, DY Patil University Nerul Navi Mumbai India.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic .,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Kallol K Ghosh
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010 C.G. India
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Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation against SH-SY5Y Cells of New Tacrine and Tacrine-MAP Loaded with Lipid Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102089. [PMID: 33096919 PMCID: PMC7589787 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine (TAC) was the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, resulting in increased memory and enhanced cognitive symptoms in patients. However, long-term therapy presents poor patient compliance associated with undesired side effects such as nausea, vomiting and hepatoxicity. To improve its therapeutic efficacy and decrease toxicity, the use of nanoparticles could be applied as a possible solution to delivery TAC. In this context, a project has been designed to develop a new nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) as a delivery system for TAC and conjugate TAC and model amphipathic peptide (MAP) to decrease TAC limitations. Different formulations loaded with TAC and TAC + MAP were prepared using a combination of Compritol 888 ATO as the solid lipid and Transcutol HP as the liquid lipid component. Physical characterization was evaluated in terms of particle size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release studies. Particle size distributions within the nanometer range were obtained with encapsulation efficiencies of 72.4% for the TAC and 85.6% for the TAC + MAP conjugate. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of all NLC formulations was determined against neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. The optimized TAC delivery system revealed low toxicity suggesting this could be a potential carrier system to deliver TAC. However, TAC + MAP conjugated even encapsulated in the NLC system demonstrated toxicity against the SH-SY5Y cell line.
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Eslami M, Nikkhah SJ, Eslami E, Hashemianzadeh SM. A new insight into encapsulation process of a drug molecule in the polymer/surfactant system: a molecular simulation study. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Mathew B, Parambi DGT, Sivasankarapillai VS, Uddin MS, Suresh J, Mathew GE, Joy M, Marathakam A, Gupta SV. Perspective Design of Chalcones for the Management of CNS Disorders: A Mini-Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:432-445. [PMID: 31187716 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190610111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of chalcone-based compounds for CNS disorders has been explored by many research groups. Chalcones are being considered as a potent organic scaffold with widespread applications in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. The planar or semi-planar geometry of chalcones with various functionalities impinged on the terminal aromatic systems renders the molecule its bio-activity including anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antileishmanial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive properties, etc. Moreover, cutting-edge research has been executed in the domain of Central Nervous System (CNS) based scheme, further, their identification and classifications also remain of high interest in the field of medicinal chemistry but the specific reviews are limited. Hence, the present review highlights the significance of chalcones toward their CNS activities (up to 2019), which include anti-depressant activity, anxiolytic activity, activity with GABA receptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) inhibitions, activity as adenosine receptor antagonists anti-Alzheimer's agents, β-amyloid plaques imaging agents, monoamine oxidase inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first review exclusively for CNS activity profile of chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jerad Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai 600004, India
| | | | - Monu Joy
- School of Pure & Applied Physics, M.G. University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Akash Marathakam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National College of Pharmacy, Calicut 673602, Kerala, India
| | - Sheeba Varghese Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
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40
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Oset-Gasque MJ, Marco-Contelles JL. Tacrine-Natural-Product Hybrids for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4392-4400. [PMID: 29611473 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180403151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, neurodegenerative pathology showing, among others, high cholinergic and neurotransmitter deficits, oxidative stress, inflammation, Aβ-aggregation resulting in senile plaques formation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein leading to neurofibrillary tangles. Due to its multifactorial and complex nature, multitarget directed small-molecules able to simultaneously inhibit or bind diverse biological targets involved in the progress and development of AD are considered now the best therapeutic strategy to design new compounds for AD therapy. Among them, tacrine is a very well known standard-gold ligand, and natural products have been a traditional source of new agents for diverse therapeutic treatments. In this review, we will update recent developments of multitarget tacrinenatural products hybrids for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Flavone Derivatives for Acetylcholinesterase and BACE-1 Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184064. [PMID: 32899576 PMCID: PMC7570966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE-1) have become attractive therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Flavones are flavonoid derivatives with various bioactive effects, including AChE and BACE-1 inhibition. In the present work, a series of 14 flavone derivatives was synthesized in relatively high yields (35–85%). Six of the synthetic flavones (B4, B5, B6, B8, D6 and D7) had completely new structures. The AChE and BACE-1 inhibitory activities were tested, giving pIC50 3.47–4.59 (AChE) and 4.15–5.80 (BACE-1). Three compounds (B3, D5 and D6) exhibited the highest biological effects on both AChE and BACE-1. A molecular docking investigation was conducted to explain the experimental results. These molecules could be employed for further studies to discover new structures with dual action on both AChE and BACE-1 that could serve as novel therapies for AD.
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Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation for Acetylcholinesterase and BACE-1 Inhibitory Activity of Some N-Substituted-4-Phenothiazine-Chalcones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173916. [PMID: 32867308 PMCID: PMC7504348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-secretase (BACE-1) are two attractive targets in the discovery of novel substances that could control multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Chalcones are the flavonoid derivatives with diverse bioactivities, including AChE and BACE-1 inhibition. In this study, a series of N-substituted-4-phenothiazine-chalcones was synthesized and tested for AChE and BACE-1 inhibitory activities. In silico models, including two-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (2D-QSAR) for AChE and BACE-1 inhibitors, and molecular docking investigation, were developed to elucidate the experimental process. The results indicated that 13 chalcone derivatives were synthesized with relatively high yields (39–81%). The bioactivities of these substances were examined with pIC50 3.73–5.96 (AChE) and 5.20–6.81 (BACE-1). Eleven of synthesized chalcones had completely new structures. Two substances AC4 and AC12 exhibited the highest biological activities on both AChE and BACE-1. These substances could be employed for further researches. In addition to this, the present study results suggested that, by using a combination of two types of predictive models, 2D-QSAR and molecular docking, it was possible to estimate the biological activities of the prepared compounds with relatively high accuracy.
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Triazolopyridopyrimidine: A New Scaffold for Dual-Target Small Molecules for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143190. [PMID: 32668671 PMCID: PMC7397274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is multifactorial disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), along with dramatic neuronal death and decreased levels of choline acetyltransferase. Given the limited therapeutic success of available drugs, it is urgent to explore all the opportunities available to combat this illness. Among them, the discovery of new heterocyclic scaffolds binding different receptors involved in AD should offer structural diversity and new therapeutic solutions. In this context, this work describes new triazolopyridopyrimidine easily prepared in good yields showing anticholinesterase inhibition and strong antioxidant power, particularly the most balanced: 6-amino-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1′,5′:1,6] pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile(3c) with IC50 equal to 1.32 μM against AChE and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value equal to 4.01 Trolox equivalents (TE); thus representing a new and very promising hit-triazolopyridopyrimidine for AD therapy.
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Albertini C, Salerno A, Sena Murteira Pinheiro P, Bolognesi ML. From combinations to multitarget‐directed ligands: A continuum in Alzheimer's disease polypharmacology. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:2606-2633. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandra Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Pedro Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria L. Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of acridone glycosides as selective BChE inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2020; 491:107977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mo J, Chen T, Yang H, Guo Y, Li Q, Qiao Y, Lin H, Feng F, Liu W, Chen Y, Liu Z, Sun H. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of benzylpiperidine-linked 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolinones as cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:330-343. [PMID: 31856607 PMCID: PMC6968383 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1699553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibitor plays an important role in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the medicinal chemistry efforts leading to a new series of 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolinone derivatives. Among the synthesised compounds, 15b and 15j showed submicromolar IC50 values (15b, eeAChE IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.11 µM; 15j, eqBChE IC50 = 0.16 ± 0.04 µM) towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Kinetic and molecular modelling studies revealed that 15b and 15j act in a competitive manner. 15b and 15j showed neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage on PC12 cells. This effect was further supported by their antioxidant activity determined in a DPPH assay in vitro. Morris water maze test confirmed the memory amelioration effect of the two compounds in a scopolamine-induced mouse model. Moreover, the hepatotoxicity of 15b and 15j was lower than tacrine. In summary, these data suggest 15b and 15j are promising multifunctional agents against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingkai Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Liu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, People's Republic of China
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Benzimidazole Containing Acetamide Derivatives Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010108. [PMID: 31936383 PMCID: PMC7023260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuroinflammation is the prominent feature of neurodegenerative disorders, and is characterized by a gradual decline of structure and function of neurons. Many biochemical events emerge thanks to the result of this neurodegeneration, and ultimately provoke neuroinflammation, activation of microglia, and oxidative stress, leading to neuronal death. This cascade not only explains the complexity of events taking place across different stages, but also depicts the need for more effective therapeutic agents. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of newly synthesized benzimidazole containing acetamide derivatives, 3a (2-(4-methoxyanilino)-N-[1-(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl] acetamide) and 3b (2-(Dodecylamino)-N-[1-(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl] acetamide) against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the rat model. Both derivatives were characterized spectroscopically by proton NMR (1H-NMR) and carbon-13 NMR (13C-NMR) and evaluated for neuroprotective potential using different pharmacological approaches. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ethanol triggered neurodegeneration characterized by impaired antioxidant enzymes and elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, ethanol administration induced neuroinflammation, as demonstrated by elevated expression of tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), which was further validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment with 3a and 3b ameliorated the ethanol-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory impairment. The affinity of synthesized derivatives towards various receptors involved in neurodegeneration was assessed through docking analysis. The versatile nature of benzimidazole nucleus and its affinity toward several receptors suggested that it could be a multistep targeting neuroprotectant. As repetitive clinical trials of neuroprotectants targeting a single step of the pathological process have failed previously, our results suggested that a neuroprotective strategy of acting at different stages may be more advantageous to intervene in the vicious cycles of neuroinflammation.
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Sharma P, Tripathi MK, Shrivastava SK. Cholinesterase as a Target for Drug Development in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2089:257-286. [PMID: 31773661 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0163-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enormous healthcare challenge, and 50 million people are currently suffering from it. There are several pathophysiological mechanisms involved, but cholinesterase inhibitors remained the major target from the last 2-3 decades. Among four available therapeutics (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine), three of them are cholinesterase inhibitors. Herein, we describe the role of acetylcholine sterase (AChE) and related hypothesis in AD along with the pharmacological and chemical aspects of the available cholinesterase inhibitors. This chapter discusses the development of several congeners and hybrids of available cholinesterase inhibitors along with their binding patterns in enzyme active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Rudakova EV, Stupina TS, Terentiev AA, Serkov IV, Proshin AN, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Conjugates of tacrine and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives as new potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer’s disease treatment: Synthesis, quantum-chemical characterization, molecular docking, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Sharma S, Banjare MK, Singh N, Korábečný J, Kuča K, Ghosh KK. Multi-spectroscopic monitoring of molecular interactions between an amino acid-functionalized ionic liquid and potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38873-38883. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibit inhibition effect on amyloid fibrils which is beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University
- Raipur-492010
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar Banjare
- School of Studies in Chemistry
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University
- Raipur-492010
- India
- MATS School of Sciences
| | - Namrata Singh
- Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology
- DY Patil University
- Navi Mumbai
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Center
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove
- 500 05 Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove
- 500 05 Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kallol K. Ghosh
- School of Studies in Chemistry
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University
- Raipur-492010
- India
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