1
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Ueda H, Jeong HJ. Generation of a Recombinant scFv against Deoxycholic Acid and Its Conversion to a Quenchbody for One-Step Immunoassay. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:90. [PMID: 37888022 PMCID: PMC10608803 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a rapid detection method for deoxycholic acid (DCA) is crucial for its diagnosis in the early stages of inflammation and cancer. In this study, we expressed a soluble recombinant anti-DCA single-chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli. To convert scFv into a Quenchbody (Q-body), we labeled scFv using commercially available maleimide-linked fluorophores. The TAMRA-C5-maleimide-conjugated Q-body showed the highest response within a few minutes of DCA addition, indicating its applicability as a wash-free immunoassay probe for onsite DCA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sivaccumar JP, Iaccarino E, Oliver A, Cantile M, Olimpieri P, Leonardi A, Ruvo M, Sandomenico A. Production in Bacteria and Characterization of Engineered Humanized Fab Fragment against the Nodal Protein. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1130. [PMID: 37631045 PMCID: PMC10459755 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development in recent years is increasingly focused on developing personalized treatments based on blocking molecules selective for therapeutic targets specifically present in individual patients. In this perspective, the specificity of therapeutic targets and blocking agents plays a crucial role. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their surrogates are increasingly used in this context thanks to their ability to bind therapeutic targets and to inhibit their activity or to transport bioactive molecules into the compartments in which the targets are expressed. Small antibody-like molecules, such as Fabs, are often used in certain clinical settings where small size and better tissue penetration are required. In the wake of this research trend, we developed a murine mAb (3D1) neutralizing the activity of Nodal, an oncofetal protein that is attracting an ever-increasing interest as a selective therapeutic target for several cancer types. Here, we report the preparation of a recombinant Fab of 3D1 that has been humanized through a computational approach starting from the sequence of the murine antibody. The Fab has been expressed in bacterial cells (1 mg/L bacterial culture), biochemically characterized in terms of stability and binding properties by circular dichroism and bio-layer interferometry techniques and tested in vitro on Nodal-positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwala P. Sivaccumar
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy (E.I.)
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy (E.I.)
| | - Angela Oliver
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy (E.I.)
- Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy (E.I.)
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy (E.I.)
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3
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IgG Fc Affinity Ligands and Their Applications in Antibody-Involved Drug Delivery: A Brief Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010187. [PMID: 36678816 PMCID: PMC9862274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are not only an important class of biotherapeutic drugs, but also are targeting moieties for achieving active targeting drug delivery. Meanwhile, the rapidly increasing application of antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins has inspired the emerging development of downstream processing technologies. Thus, IgG Fc affinity ligands have come into being and have been widely exploited in antibody purification strategies. Given the high binding affinity and specificity to IgGs, binding stability in physiological medium conditions, and favorable toxicity and immunogenicity profiles, Fc affinity ligands are gradually applied to antibody delivery, non-covalent antibody-drug conjugates or antibody-mediated active-targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, we will briefly introduce IgG affinity ligands that are widely used at present and summarize their diverse applications in the field of antibody-involved drug delivery. The challenges and outlook of these systems are also discussed.
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4
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Li XL, Han C, Luo M, Xiao S, Li J, Yu C, Cheng S, Jin Y, Han Y, Todoroki K, Shi Q, Min JZ. Relative quantitation of glycans in cetuximab using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry by Pronase E digestion. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463302. [PMID: 35820231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in the activity and function of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, an isotope labeling method for the relative quantitative analysis of glycans in cetuximab, a chimeric human/mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets epidermal growth factor receptor, via hydrophilic interaction LC-ultra-high-performance LC-HRMS was established based on Pronase E digestion. To this aim, novel isotope MS probes, i.e., 3-benzoyl-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (d0-BOTC) and 3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterio-benzoyl)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate acid (d5-BOTC), which include a carboxyl group to target the amino functional group in glycosylamine, were developed. The nonspecific Pronase E enzyme could simultaneously digest the peptide bound to the N- and O-glycans into glycosylamine having only one amino acid. Since the mass difference between the light- and heavy-labeled glycans was 5.0 Da, the relative abundance of their MS peaks was used to achieve the qualitative and relative quantitative analysis of glycans. Sialylglycopeptide was used as a complex glycan model to validate the accuracy of the method. The results demonstrated the good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994) between the experimentally detected MS intensity ratios and the theoretical molar ratios of the d0-BOTC to the corresponding d5-BOTC derivatives in the dynamic range of 0.03-10 and 0.03-20 of three orders magnitude for the d5-BOTC/d0-BOTC ratios. The reproducibility was between 0.16% and 10.70%, and the limit of detection was 13 fmol. The feasibility of the relative quantification method was investigated by analyzing the glycan content in cetuximab, finding good consistency between experimental and theoretical molar ratios (5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5) of d0/d5-BOTC-labeled glycans. Finally, 13 glycans were successfully identified in cetuximab by applying this method using an in-house Tracefinder database. This study provides a novel strategy for the high throughput analysis, identification, and functional study of glycans in mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Chengqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Miao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shuyun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shengyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Yueying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
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Lim SH, Kim K, Choi CI. Pharmacogenomics of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081265. [PMID: 36013214 PMCID: PMC9410311 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine refers to a highly individualized and personalized approach to patient care. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how an individual’s genomic profile affects their drug response, enabling stable and effective drug selection, minimizing side effects, and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints. It mainly starts in peripheral joints, such as the hands and feet, and progresses to large joints, which causes joint deformation and bone damage due to inflammation of the synovial membrane. Here, we review various pharmacogenetic studies investigating the association between clinical response to monoclonal antibody therapy and their target genetic polymorphisms. Numerous papers have reported that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to the therapeutic response of several monoclonal antibody drugs including adalimumab, infliximab, rituximab, and tocilizumab, which target tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CD20 of B-cells, and interleukin (IL)-6. Additionally, there are some pharmacogenomic studies reporting on the association between the clinical response of monoclonal antibodies having various mechanisms, such as IL-1, IL-17, IL-23, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) inhibition. Biological therapies are currently prescribed on a “trial and error” basis for RA patients. If appropriate drug treatment is not started early, joints may deform, and long-term treatment outcomes may worsen. Pharmacogenomic approaches that predict therapeutic responses for RA patients have the potential to significantly improve patient quality of life and reduce treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Khangyoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5230
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6
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Sivaccumar JP, Leonardi A, Iaccarino E, Corvino G, Sanguigno L, Chambery A, Russo R, Valletta M, Latino D, Capasso D, Doti N, Ruvo M, Sandomenico A. Development of a New Highly Selective Monoclonal Antibody against Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and Identification of the Target Epitope by Bio-Layer Interferometry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063166. [PMID: 33804612 PMCID: PMC8003813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cancer biomarkers are key reagents in diagnosis and therapy. One such relevant biomarker is a preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) that is selectively expressed in many tumors. Knowing mAb’s epitope is of utmost importance for understanding the potential activity and therapeutic prospective of the reagents. Methods: We generated a mAb against PRAME immunizing mice with PRAME fragment 161–415; the affinity of the antibody for the protein was evaluated by ELISA and SPR, and its ability to detect the protein in cells was probed by cytofluorimetry and Western blotting experiments. The antibody epitope was identified immobilizing the mAb on bio-layer interferometry (BLI) sensor chip, capturing protein fragments obtained following trypsin digestion and performing mass spectrometry analyses. Results: A mAb against PRAME with an affinity of 35 pM was obtained and characterized. Its epitope on PRAME was localized on residues 202–212, taking advantage of the low volumes and lack of fluidics underlying the BLI settings. Conclusions: The new anti-PRAME mAb recognizes the folded protein on the surface of cell membranes suggesting that the antibody’s epitope is well exposed. BLI sensor chips can be used to identify antibody epitopes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Development
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Interferometry
- Kinetics
- Melanoma
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80142 Napoli, Italy; (A.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (J.P.S.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (D.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Giusy Corvino
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (J.P.S.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (D.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Luca Sanguigno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80142 Napoli, Italy; (A.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DISTABIF), Università L. Vanvitelli, 80100 Caserta, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Rosita Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DISTABIF), Università L. Vanvitelli, 80100 Caserta, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Mariangela Valletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DISTABIF), Università L. Vanvitelli, 80100 Caserta, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Debora Latino
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (J.P.S.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (D.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Centro di Servizio di Ateneo per le Scienze e Tecnologie per la Vita (CESTEV), Università di Napoli Federico II, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (J.P.S.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (D.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (J.P.S.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (D.L.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (J.P.S.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (D.L.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (A.S.)
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7
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Selis F, Sandomenico A, Cantile M, Sanna R, Calvanese L, Falcigno L, Dell'Omo P, Esperti A, De Falco S, Focà A, Caporale A, Iaccarino E, Truppo E, Scaramuzza S, Tonon G, Ruvo M. Generation and testing of engineered multimeric Fabs of trastuzumab. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4516-4531. [PMID: 32941911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies fragments in several new formats are routinely investigated and used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications as anti-cancers molecules. New antibody formats are generated to compensate the need for multispecificity and site-specific introduction of fluorescent dyes, cytotoxic payloads or for generating semisynthetic multimeric molecules. Fabs of trastuzumab bearing transglutaminase (MTG) reactive sites were generated by periplasmic expression in E. coli and purified. Multimeric Fabs were generated by either disulfide bridge formation or by using MTG-sensitive peptide linkers. Binding to receptor was assessed by ELISA and SPR methods. Internalization and growth inhibition assays were performed on BT-474 and SKBR3 Her2+ cells. Fabs were successfully produced and dimerized or trimerized using MTG and suitably designed peptide linkers. Site-specific derivatizations with fluorophores were similarly achieved. The monomeric, dimeric and trimeric variants bind the receptor with affinities similar or superior to the full antibody. Fab and Fab2 are rapidly internalized in Her2+ cells and exhibit growth inhibition abilities similar to the full antibody. Altogether, the data show that the recombinant Fabs can be produced in E. coli and converted into multimeric variants by MTG-based bioconjugation. Similar approaches are extendable to the introduction of cytotoxic payloads for the generation of novel Antibody Drug Conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luisa Calvanese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and CIRPeB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Falcigno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and CIRPeB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandro De Falco
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica - CNR, Napoli, Italy; Anbition srl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalia Focà
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini - CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini - CNR, Napoli, Italy; Anbition srl, Napoli, Italy.
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Sandomenico A, Sivaccumar JP, Ruvo M. Evolution of Escherichia coli Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176324. [PMID: 32878291 PMCID: PMC7504322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived molecules are continuously developed as both therapeutic agents and key reagents for advanced diagnostic investigations. Their application in these fields has indeed greatly expanded the demand of these molecules and the need for their production in high yield and purity. While full-length antibodies require mammalian expression systems due to the occurrence of functionally and structurally important glycosylations, most antibody fragments and antibody-like molecules are non-glycosylated and can be more conveniently prepared in E. coli-based expression platforms. We propose here an updated survey of the most effective and appropriate methods of preparation of antibody fragments that exploit E. coli as an expression background and review the pros and cons of the different platforms available today. Around 250 references accompany and complete the review together with some lists of the most important new antibody-like molecules that are on the market or are being developed as new biotherapeutics or diagnostic agents.
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