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Arneth B, Kraus J. The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58111512. [PMID: 36363469 PMCID: PMC9698214 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The positive implications of using free light chains in diagnosing multiple sclerosis have increasingly gained considerable interest in medical research and the scientific community. It is often presumed that free light chains, particularly kappa and lambda free light chains, are of practical use and are associated with a higher probability of obtaining positive results compared to oligoclonal bands. The primary purpose of the current paper was to conduct a systematic review to assess the up-to-date methods for diagnosing multiple sclerosis using kappa and lambda free light chains. Method: An organized literature search was performed across four electronic sources, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE. The sources analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis comprise randomized clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective studies, controlled clinical trials, and systematic reviews. Results: The review contains 116 reports that includes 1204 participants. The final selection includes a vast array of preexisting literature concerning the study topic: 35 randomized clinical trials, 21 prospective cohort studies, 19 retrospective studies, 22 controlled clinical trials, and 13 systematic reviews. Discussion: The incorporated literature sources provided integral insights into the benefits of free light chain diagnostics for multiple sclerosis. It was also evident that the use of free light chains in the diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis is relatively fast and inexpensive in comparison to other conventional state-of-the-art diagnostic methods, e.g., using oligoclonal bands (OCBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Justus Liebig University, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Kraus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University and Salzburger Landeskliniken, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Chen B, Wang W, Xu W, Ying L, Zhou C, Zheng M. Serum free light chain is associated with histological activity and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107881. [PMID: 34246060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral immune response is the main cause of hepatocyte damage and inflammatory necrosis. The serum free light chain, reflecting the immune function of B-cells, is strongly associated with inflammation and disease activity. We aimed to investigate the association of serum free light chain with the progression of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS A total of 208 eligible chronic hepatitis B patients who had undergone a liver biopsy were studied. Serum free light chains of all patients were measured by turbidimetry using an immunoassay. Liver histology was assessed according to the METAVIR scoring system (which grades the stage of fibrosis on a five-point scale, F0 = no fibrosis to F4 = cirrhosis, and histological activity on a four-point scale, A0 = no activity to A3 = severe activity). The association of serum free light chains with histological activity and fibrosis progression was evaluated. RESULTS The concentration of serum free light chains in CHB patients increased gradually with histological activity and fibrosis progression. The intensity of histological activity was significantly correlated with the serum free kappa chain (r = 0.658, P < 0.001) and the serum free lambda chain (0.675, P < 0.001). The stages of fibrosis were correlated with the serum free kappa chain (r = 0.683, P < 0.001) and serum free lambda chain (0.664, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and other synergic factors, the serum free kappa chain remained a potential risk factor, but the serum free lambda chain was no longer associated with liver cirrhosis. Similar to FIB-4 and RPR, the serum free kappa chain exhibited excellent performance in the prediction of liver cirrhosis. The AUCs of serum free Kappa chain, FIB-4 and RPR were 0.873, 0.880 and 0.895, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the AAR and APRI (0.718 and 0.746). CONCLUSION Our work revealed that serum free light chains were associated with histological activity and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B, which could play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of HBV-associated cirrhosis. In addition, free kappa light chain could be a useful predictor of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baode Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Ninghai City, Zhejiang Province 315600, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Lixiong Ying
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
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Orally Administered Exosomes Suppress Mouse Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity by Delivering miRNA-150 to Antigen-Primed Macrophage APC Targeted by Exosome-Surface Anti-Peptide Antibody Light Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155540. [PMID: 32748889 PMCID: PMC7432818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered suppressor T cell-derived, antigen (Ag)-specific exosomes inhibiting mouse hapten-induced contact sensitivity effector T cells by targeting antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These suppressive exosomes acted Ag-specifically due to a coating of antibody free light chains (FLC) from Ag-activated B1a cells. Current studies are aimed at determining if similar immune tolerance could be induced in cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the protein Ag (ovalbumin, OVA). Intravenous administration of a high dose of OVA-coupled, syngeneic erythrocytes similarly induced CD3+CD8+ suppressor T cells producing suppressive, miRNA-150-carrying exosomes, also coated with B1a cell-derived, OVA-specific FLC. Simultaneously, OVA-immunized B1a cells produced an exosome subpopulation, originally coated with Ag-specific FLC, that could be rendered suppressive by in vitro association with miRNA-150. Importantly, miRNA-150-carrying exosomes from both suppressor T cells and B1a cells efficiently induced prolonged DTH suppression after single systemic administration into actively immunized mice, with the strongest effect observed after oral treatment. Current studies also showed that OVA-specific FLC on suppressive exosomes bind OVA peptides suggesting that exosome-coating FLC target APCs by binding to peptide-Ag-major histocompatibility complexes. This renders APCs capable of inhibiting DTH effector T cells. Thus, our studies describe a novel immune tolerance mechanism mediated by FLC-coated, Ag-specific, miRNA-150-carrying exosomes that act on the APC and are particularly effective after oral administration.
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Manuel CR, Latuga MS, Ashby CR, Reznik SE. Immune tolerance attenuates gut dysbiosis, dysregulated uterine gene expression and high-fat diet potentiated preterm birth in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220:596.e1-596.e28. [PMID: 30790568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm delivery accounts for 85% of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although the consumption of a high-fat diet leads to exaggerated proinflammatory responses and, in pregnant women, increased rates of spontaneous preterm birth, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which maternal consumption of a high-fat diet leads to a dysregulated immune response and, subsequently, spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN We performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of DNA extracted and amplified from stool samples and compared the gut microbiomes of lipopolysaccharide-induced pregnant mice that were maintained on a high-fat diet compared to a normal control diet. Next, we sequenced the uterine transcriptomes of the mice. To test the effect of dampening of the immune response on the microbiome, transcriptome, and risk of spontaneous preterm birth, we induced immune tolerance with repetitive subclinical doses (0.2 mg/kg/week for 8 weeks) of endotoxin and performed 16S ribosomal RNA and uterine transcriptome sequencing on these immunotolerized mice. RESULTS High-fat diet potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth by affecting the maternal gut microbiome and uterine transcriptome and reduces antioxidant capacity in a murine model. High-fat diet consumption also increases the colonization of the gut by 5 immunogenic bacteria and decreases colonization by Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Uteri from high-fat diet mice had increased expression of genes that stimulate the inflammatory-oxidative stress axis, autophagy/apoptosis, and smooth muscle contraction. Repetitive endotoxin priming protects high-fat diet dams from spontaneous preterm birth, increases colonization of the gut by Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, decreases levels of immunogenic bacteria in the gut microbiome, and reduces the number of dysregulated genes after high-fat diet consumption from 994 to 74. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-potentiated spontaneous preterm birth is mediated by increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The induction of immune tolerance via endotoxin priming reverses these effects and protects high-fat diet dams from spontaneous preterm birth. Based on this work, the role of immunomodulation as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent preterm birth among women who consume high-fat diets should be explored.
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Nazimek K, Askenase PW, Bryniarski K. Antibody Light Chains Dictate the Specificity of Contact Hypersensitivity Effector Cell Suppression Mediated by Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092656. [PMID: 30205452 PMCID: PMC6163184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody light chains (LCs), formerly considered a waste product of immunoglobulin synthesis, are currently recognized as important players in the activation of the immune response. However, very little is known about the possible immune regulatory functions of LCs. Recently, we reported that hapten-specific LCs coat miRNA-150-carrying exosomes produced by CD8+ suppressor T cells downregulating the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction in an antigen-specific manner, in mice tolerized by intravenous administration of a high dose of hapten-coupled syngeneic erythrocytes. Thus, the current studies aimed at investigating the role of hapten-specific LCs in antigen-specific, exosome-mediated suppression of CHS effector cells. Suppressor T cell-derived exosomes from tolerized B-cell-deficient µMT-/-, NKT-cell-deficient Jα18-/-, and immunoglobulin-deficient JH-/- mice were nonsuppressive, unless supplemented with LCs of specificity strictly respective to the hapten used for sensitization and CHS elicitation in mice. Thus, these observations demonstrate that B1-cell-derived LCs, coating exosomes in vivo and in vitro, actually ensure the specificity of CHS suppression. Our research findings substantially expand current understanding of the newly discovered, suppressor T cell-dependent tolerance mechanism by uncovering the function of antigen-specific LCs in exosome-mediated, cell⁻cell communication. This express great translational potential in designing nanocarriers for specific targeting of desired cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Askenase PW, Bryniarski K, Paliwal V, Redegeld F, Groot Kormelink T, Kerfoot S, Hutchinson AT, van Loveren H, Campos R, Itakura A, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Yamamoto N, Nazimek K, Szczepanik M, Ptak W. A subset of AID-dependent B-1a cells initiates hypersensitivity and pneumococcal pneumonia resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1362:200-14. [PMID: 26662721 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We propose that there is a special B-1a B cell subset ("sB-1a" cells) that mediates linked processes very early after immunization to initiate cutaneous contact sensitivity (CS), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and immune resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia. Our published data indicate that in CS and DTH, these initiating processes are required for elicitation of the delayed onset and late-occurring classical T cell-mediated responses. sB-1a cells resemble memory B2 cells, as they are stimulated within 1 h of immunization and depend on T helper cytokines-uniquely IL-4 from hepatic iNKT cells--for activation and rapid migration from the peritoneal cavity to the spleen to secrete IgM antibody (Ab) and Ab-derived free light chains (FLCs) by only 1 day after immunization. Unlike conventional B-1a (cB-1a) cell-produced IgM natural Ab, IgM Ab produced by sB-1a cells has high Ag affinity owing to immunoglobulin V-region mutations induced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). The dominant cB-1a cells are increased in immunized AID-deficient mice but do not mediate initiation, CS, or pneumonia resistance because natural Ab has relatively low Ag affinity because of unmutated germ-line V regions. In CS and DTH, sB-1a IgM Ag affinity is sufficiently high to mediate complement activation for generation of C5a that, together with vasoactive mediators such as TNF-α released by FLC-sensitized mast cells, activate local endothelium for extravascular recruitment of effector T cells. We conclude by discussing the possibility of functional sB-1 cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Askenase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Vipin Paliwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Groot Kormelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steven Kerfoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew T Hutchinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Regis Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Atsuko Itakura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Natsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katarzyn Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wold Ptak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Ptak W, Nazimek K, Askenase PW, Bryniarski K. From Mysterious Supernatant Entity to miRNA-150 in Antigen-Specific Exosomes: a History of Hapten-Specific T Suppressor Factor. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:345-56. [PMID: 25690461 PMCID: PMC4572057 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soon after the discovery of T suppressor cells by Gershon in 1970, it was demonstrated that one subpopulation of these lymphocytes induced by i.v. hapten injection suppresses contact sensitivity response mediated by effector CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in mice through the release of soluble T suppressor factor (TsF) that acts antigen specifically. Our experiments showed that biologically active TsF is a complex entity consisting of two subfactors, one antigen specific and other non-specific, produced by differently induced populations of cells. In following years, we found that the antigen-specific subfactor is a light chain of IgM antibody that is produced by B1a lymphocytes. However, the exact nature of non-specific part remained a mystery for about 30 years. Our current studies characterized TsF as regulatory miRNA-150 carried by T suppressor cell-derived exosomes that are antigen specific due to a surface coat of IgM antibody light chains produced by B1a cells. The present communication briefly summarizes our studies on TsF that led to discovery of regulating miRNA that acts antigen specifically to suppress immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Ptak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland.
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Khatami M. Chronic Inflammation: Synergistic Interactions of Recruiting Macrophages (TAMs) and Eosinophils (Eos) with Host Mast Cells (MCs) and Tumorigenesis in CALTs. M-CSF, Suitable Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis! Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:297-322. [PMID: 24473090 PMCID: PMC3980605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing debates, misunderstandings and controversies on the role of inflammation in cancer have been extremely costly for taxpayers and cancer patients for over four decades. A reason for repeated failed clinical trials (90% ± 5 failure rates) is heavy investment on numerous genetic mutations (molecular false-flags) in the chaotic molecular landscape of site-specific cancers which are used for "targeted" therapies or "personalized" medicine. Recently, unresolved/chronic inflammation was defined as loss of balance between two tightly regulated and biologically opposing arms of acute inflammation ("Yin"-"Yang" or immune surveillance). Chronic inflammation could differentially erode architectural integrities in host immune-privileged or immune-responsive tissues as a common denominator in initiation and progression of nearly all age-associated neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases and/or cancer. Analyses of data on our "accidental" discoveries in 1980s on models of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissues (CALTs) demonstrated at least three stages of interactions between resident (host) and recruited immune cells: (a), acute phase; activation of mast cells (MCs), IgE Abs, histamine and prostaglandin synthesis; (b), intermediate phase; down-regulation phenomenon, exhausted/degranulated MCs, heavy eosinophils (Eos) infiltrations into epithelia and goblet cells (GCs), tissue hypertrophy and neovascularization; and (c), chronic phase; induction of lymphoid hyperplasia, activated macrophages (Mfs), increased (irregular size) B and plasma cells, loss of integrity of lymphoid tissue capsular membrane, presence of histiocytes, follicular and germinal center formation, increased ratios of local IgG1/IgG2, epithelial thickening (growth) and/or thinning (necrosis) and angiogenesis. Results are suggestive of first evidence for direct association between inflammation and identifiable phases of immune dysfunction in the direction of tumorigenesis. Activated MFs (TAMs or M2) and Eos that are recruited by tissues (e.g., conjunctiva or perhaps lung airways) whose principal resident immune cells are MCs and lymphocytes are suggested to play crucial synergistic roles in enhancing growth promoting capacities of host toward tumorigenesis. Under oxidative stress, M-CSF may produce signals that are cumulative/synergistic with host mediators (e.g., low levels of histamine), facilitating tumor-directed expression of decoy receptors and immune suppressive factors (e.g., dTNFR, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-b, PGE2). M-CSF, possessing superior sensitivity and specificity, compared with conventional markers (e.g., CA-125, CA-19-9) is potentially a suitable biomarker for cancer diagnosis and technology development. Systematic monitoring of interactions between resident and recruited cells should provide key information not only about early events in loss of immune surveillance, but it would help making informed decisions for balancing the inherent tumoricidal (Yin) and tumorigenic (Yang) properties of immune system and effective preventive and therapeutic approaches and accurate risk assessment toward improvement of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute (Ret), the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
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Bryniarski K, Ptak W, Jayakumar A, Püllmann K, Caplan MJ, Chairoungdua A, Lu J, Adams BD, Sikora E, Nazimek K, Marquez S, Kleinstein SH, Sangwung P, Iwakiri Y, Delgato E, Redegeld F, Blokhuis BR, Wojcikowski J, Daniel AW, Groot Kormelink T, Askenase PW. Antigen-specific, antibody-coated, exosome-like nanovesicles deliver suppressor T-cell microRNA-150 to effector T cells to inhibit contact sensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:170-81. [PMID: 23727037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell tolerance of allergic cutaneous contact sensitivity (CS) induced in mice by high doses of reactive hapten is mediated by suppressor cells that release antigen-specific suppressive nanovesicles. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism or mechanisms of immune suppression mediated by the nanovesicles. METHODS T-cell tolerance was induced by means of intravenous injection of hapten conjugated to self-antigens of syngeneic erythrocytes and subsequent contact immunization with the same hapten. Lymph node and spleen cells from tolerized or control donors were harvested and cultured to produce a supernatant containing suppressive nanovesicles that were isolated from the tolerized mice for testing in active and adoptive cell-transfer models of CS. RESULTS Tolerance was shown due to exosome-like nanovesicles in the supernatants of CD8(+) suppressor T cells that were not regulatory T cells. Antigen specificity of the suppressive nanovesicles was conferred by a surface coat of antibody light chains or possibly whole antibody, allowing targeted delivery of selected inhibitory microRNA (miRNA)-150 to CS effector T cells. Nanovesicles also inhibited CS in actively sensitized mice after systemic injection at the peak of the responses. The role of antibody and miRNA-150 was established by tolerizing either panimmunoglobulin-deficient JH(-/-) or miRNA-150(-/-) mice that produced nonsuppressive nanovesicles. These nanovesicles could be made suppressive by adding antigen-specific antibody light chains or miRNA-150, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first example of T-cell regulation through systemic transit of exosome-like nanovesicles delivering a chosen inhibitory miRNA to target effector T cells in an antigen-specific manner by a surface coating of antibody light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
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Groot Kormelink T, Calus L, Ruyck N, Holtappels G, Bachert C, Redegeld FA, Gevaert P. Local free light chain expression is increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy 2012; 67:1165-72. [PMID: 22765846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free light chain (FLC) concentrations are demonstrated to be increased in different inflammatory disorders and are proposed to mediate mast cell-dependent immune responses. A role for mast cells is suggested in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), which is characterized by a local Th2 inflammatory response. However, clear mast cell-activating factors are not always apparent. In this study, the presence of FLCs in CRS patients with or without nasal polyps (CRSw/sNP) was investigated and the effect of different treatments on FLC expression was analyzed. METHODS Nasal tissue, nasal secretion, and serum of control patients, patients with CRSwNP, and CRSsNP were analyzed for the presence of kappa and lambda FLC. The expression of FLCs in nasal polyp tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry. In addition, FLC was measured in serum and nasal secretion of nasal polyp patients treated with methylprednisolone, doxycycline, anti-IL-5, or placebo. RESULTS Free light chain concentrations were increased in nasal secretion and mucosal tissue homogenates in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and this effect was most prominent in CRSwNP patients. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased FLC concentrations in nasal polyp tissue. In CRSwNP patients, treatment with methylprednisolone or anti-IL-5 resulted in the reduction in systemic or local FLC concentrations, respectively. CONCLUSION The presence of FLC in CRSwNP and CRSsNP suggests a possible role in mediating the local immune reaction in the paranasal cavities. Furthermore, the decrease in local FLCs after treatment with anti-IL-5 presumes that IL-5 creates an environment that favors FLC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Groot Kormelink
- Division of Pharmacology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht; the Netherlands
| | - L. Calus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Upper Airways Research Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | - N. Ruyck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Upper Airways Research Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | - G. Holtappels
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Upper Airways Research Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | - C. Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Upper Airways Research Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | - F. A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht; the Netherlands
| | - P. Gevaert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Upper Airways Research Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
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