1
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Tang Q, Khvorova A. RNAi-based drug design: considerations and future directions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:341-364. [PMID: 38570694 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
More than 25 years after its discovery, the post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism termed RNAi is now transforming pharmaceutical development, proved by the recent FDA approval of multiple small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs that target the liver. Synthetic siRNAs that trigger RNAi have the potential to specifically silence virtually any therapeutic target with unprecedented potency and durability. Bringing this innovative class of medicines to patients, however, has been riddled with substantial challenges, with delivery issues at the forefront. Several classes of siRNA drug are under clinical evaluation, but their utility in treating extrahepatic diseases remains limited, demanding continued innovation. In this Review, we discuss principal considerations and future directions in the design of therapeutic siRNAs, with a particular emphasis on chemistry, the application of informatics, delivery strategies and the importance of careful target selection, which together influence therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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2
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Sufianov A, Beilerli A, Kudriashov V, Ilyasova T, Wenjie B, Beylerli O. Advances in transdermal siRNAs delivery: A review of current research progress. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:392-400. [PMID: 37275244 PMCID: PMC10234834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNAs) is a double-stranded RNA molecule which can hybridize with a specific mRNA sequence and block the translation of numerous genes to regulate endogenous genes and to defend the genome from invasive nucleic acids. The use of siRNAs has been studied as a treatment option for various skin conditions. One of the main obstacles in the dermal or transdermal delivery of this compound is low skin permeability, and application is limited by its negative charge, high polarity, susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, and difficulty in penetrating the skin barrier. Effective delivery of therapeutic biomolecules to their target is a challenging issue, which can be solved by innovations in drug delivery systems and lead to improvement of the efficiency of many new biopharmaceuticals. Designing of novel transdermal delivery systems garnered tremendous attention in both cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical research and industries, which offers a number of advantages. Developing safe and efficient siRNAs delivery vectors is essential for effective treatment of skin diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the creation of delivery systems using lipids, polymers, cell-penetrating peptides, nanoparticles and other biologically active agents. In this review we will focus on the recent advancements in transdermal siRNAs delivery vectors, such as liposomes, dendrimers, cell-penetrating peptides, and spherical nucleic acid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Bu Wenjie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150088, China
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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3
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Han J, Cai X, Qin S, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Shi Y, Deng T, Chen B, Liu L, Qian H, Fang W, Xiao F. TMEM232 promotes the inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis via the nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signalling pathways. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:195-209. [PMID: 36928730 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our group previously found that the transmembrane protein 232 (TMEM232) gene was associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) by genome-wide association study and fine mapping study. However, its function is unclear so far. OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles and mechanisms of TMEM232 in AD. METHODS The expression of TMEM232 was investigated in skin lesions of patients with AD, the MC903-induced AD mouse model, human primary keratinocytes and immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells stimulated with different inflammatory factors. The role of TMEM232 in AD was analysed in HaCaT cells and Tmem232 knockout (Tmem232-/-) mice. Tmem232-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to evaluate its therapeutic potential in the AD mouse model. RESULTS The expression of TMEM232 was significantly increased in skin lesions of patients with AD, the MC903-induced AD mouse model and human primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells stimulated with different inflammatory factors compared with controls. In the presence of MC903, Tmem232-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced dermatitis severity, mast-cell infiltration in the back, and expression of T-helper (Th)1 and Th2-related inflammatory factors in skin tissue compared with wild-type mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments further showed that upregulation of TMEM232 in AD exacerbated the inflammation response through activating the pathway of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and was regulated by the interleukin-4/STAT6 axis, which formed a self-amplifying loop. Finally, topical application of Tmem232 siRNA markedly ameliorated AD-like lesions in the AD model. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to outline the function of TMEM232. It is involved in regulating inflammation in AD and may be a potential target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Xinying Cai
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Shichun Qin
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Zengyunou Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Yuanzhe Shi
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Tingyue Deng
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Benjin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine
| | - Li Liu
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine
| | | | - Fengli Xiao
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Ministry of Education)
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
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4
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Sallam MA, Prakash S, Kumbhojkar N, Shields CW, Mitragotri S. Formulation-based approaches for dermal delivery of vaccines and therapeutic nucleic acids: Recent advances and future perspectives. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10215. [PMID: 34589595 PMCID: PMC8459604 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing variety of biological macromolecules are in development for use as active ingredients in topical therapies and vaccines. Dermal delivery of biomacromolecules offers several advantages compared to other delivery methods, including improved targetability, reduced systemic toxicity, and decreased degradation of drugs. However, this route of delivery is hampered by the barrier function of the skin. Recently, a large body of research has been directed toward improving the delivery of macromolecules to the skin, ranging from nucleic acids (NAs) to antigens, using noninvasive means. In this review, we discuss the latest formulation-based efforts to deliver antigens and NAs for vaccination and treatment of skin diseases. We provide a perspective of their advantages, limitations, and potential for clinical translation. The delivery platforms discussed in this review may provide formulation scientists and clinicians with a better vision of the alternatives for dermal delivery of biomacromolecules, which may facilitate the development of new patient-friendly prophylactic and therapeutic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Sallam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Department of Industrial PharmacyFaculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ninad Kumbhojkar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charles Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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5
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Nagar H, Kim S, Lee I, Kim S, Choi SJ, Piao S, Jeon BH, Oh SH, Kim CS. Downregulation of CR6-interacting factor 1 suppresses keloid fibroblast growth via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:500. [PMID: 33436666 PMCID: PMC7804403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are a type of aberrant skin scarring characterized by excessive accumulation of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM), arising from uncontrolled wound healing responses. While typically non-pathogenic, keloids are occasionally regarded as a form of benign tumor. CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) is a well-known CR6/GADD45-interacting protein, that has both nuclear and mitochondrial functions, and also exerts regulatory effects on cell growth and apoptosis. In this study, cell proliferation, cell migration, collagen production and TGF-β signaling was compared between normal fibroblasts (NFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Subsequently, the effects of CRIF1 deficiency were investigated in both NFs and KFs. Cell proliferation, cell migration, collagen production and protein expressions of TGF-β, phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 were all found to be higher in KFs compared to NFs. CRIF1 deficiency in NFs and KFs inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and collagen production. In addition, phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, which are transcription factors of collagen, was decreased. In contrast, mRNA expression levels of Smad7 and SMURF2, two important inhibitory proteins of Smad2/3, were increased, suggesting that CRIF1 may regulate collagen production. CRIF1 deficiency decreases the proliferation and migration of KFs, thereby inhibiting their overgrowth via the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. CRIF1 may therefore represent a potential therapeutic target in keloid pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Nagar
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea.,Department of BK21 Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea.,Department of BK21 Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuyu Piao
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ha Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 55 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 301-131, Republic of Korea. .,Department of BK21 Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Aoki M, Matsumoto NM, Dohi T, Kuwahawa H, Akaishi S, Okubo Y, Ogawa R, Yamamoto H, Takabe K. Direct Delivery of Apatite Nanoparticle-Encapsulated siRNA Targeting TIMP-1 for Intractable Abnormal Scars. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:50-61. [PMID: 32911344 PMCID: PMC7486579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HSs) and keloids are histologically characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. ECM deposition depends on the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). TIMP-1 has been linked to ECM degradation and is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we generated super carbonate apatite (sCA) nanoparticle-encapsulated TIMP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (siTIMP1) preparations and examined the effect of local injections on mouse HSs and on ex vivo-cultured keloids. The sCA-siTIMP1 injections significantly reduced scar formation, scar cross-sectional areas, collagen densities, and collagen types I and III levels in the lesions. None of the mice died or exhibited abnormal endpoints. Apatite accumulation was not detected in the other organs. In an ex vivo keloid tissue culture system, sCA-siTIMP1 injections reduced the thickness and complexity of collagen bundles. Our results showed that topical sCA-siTIMP1 injections during mechanical stress-induced HS development reduced scar size. When keloids were injected three times with sCA-siTIMP1 during 6 days, keloidal collagen levels decreased substantially. Accordingly, sCA-siRNA delivery may be an effective approach for keloid treatment, and further investigations are needed to enable its practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Aoki
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noriko M Matsumoto
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Dohi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kuwahawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akaishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Okubo
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | | | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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7
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Lio DCS, Liu C, Oo MMS, Wiraja C, Teo MHY, Zheng M, Chew SWT, Wang X, Xu C. Transdermal delivery of small interfering RNAs with topically applied mesoporous silica nanoparticles for facile skin cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17041-17051. [PMID: 31506653 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising tool for the treatment of skin disorders including skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This article develops a topical formulation for the transdermal delivery of siRNA. The formulation is built on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with a loading capacity of 1.4 μg of oligonucleotide per mg of MSNPs. Cell experiments are employed to study the functionality of the formulation including the cellular uptake, the qualitative and quantitative detection of specific gene biomarkers. The clinical potential of this system is examined by topically delivering siRNA targeting TGFβR-1 (TGFβR-1) to the SCC in a mouse xenograft model. In comparison to the controls, MSNPs containing TGFβR-1 siRNA show a 2-fold suppression of TGFβR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chin Shiuan Lio
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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8
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Singh S, Maurya PK. Nanomaterials-Based siRNA Delivery: Routes of Administration, Hurdles and Role of Nanocarriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6004-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock down the overexpression of genes in several disorders especially cancers with underlying genetic dysfunctions. For silencing of specific genes involved in cell cycle, small/short interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are being used clinically. The siRNA-based RNAi is more efficient, specific and safe antisense technology than other RNAi approaches. The route of siRNA administration for siRNA therapy depends on the targeted site. However, certain hurdles like poor stability of siRNA, saturation, off-target effect, immunogenicity, anatomical barriers and non-targeted delivery restrict the successful siRNA therapy. Thus, advancement of an effective, secure, and long-term delivery system is prerequisite to the medical utilization of siRNA. Polycationic nanocarriers mediated targeted delivery system is an ideal system to remove these hurdles and to increase the blood retention time and rate of intracellular permeability. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss the different biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic (organic, inorganic and hybrid) nanocarriers that encapsulate and shield the siRNA from the different harsh environment and provides the increased systemic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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9
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Chen X. Current and future technological advances in transdermal gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:85-105. [PMID: 29273516 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal gene delivery holds significant advantages as it is able to minimize the problems of systemic administration such as enzymatic degradation, systemic toxicity, and poor delivery to target tissues. This technology has the potential to transform the treatment and prevention of a range of diseases. However, the skin poses a great barrier for gene delivery because of the "bricks-and-mortar" structure of the stratum corneum and the tight junctions between keratinocytes in the epidermis. This review systematically summarizes the typical physical and chemical approaches to overcome these barriers and facilitate gene delivery via skin for applications in vaccination, wound healing, skin cancers and skin diseases. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed and the insights for future development are provided.
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10
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Mottaghitalab F, Rastegari A, Farokhi M, Dinarvand R, Hosseinkhani H, Ou KL, Pack DW, Mao C, Dinarvand M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F. Prospects of siRNA applications in regenerative medicine. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:312-329. [PMID: 28385649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has established its reputation in the field of tissue engineering owing to its ability to silence the proteins that inhibit tissue regeneration. siRNA is capable of regulating cellular behavior during tissue regeneration processes. The concept of using siRNA technology in regenerative medicine derived from its ability to inhibit the expression of target genes involved in defective tissues and the possibility to induce the expression of tissue-inductive factors that improve the tissue regeneration process. To date, siRNA has been used as a suppressive biomolecule in different tissues, such as nervous tissue, bone, cartilage, heart, kidney, and liver. Moreover, various delivery systems have been applied in order to deliver siRNA to the target tissues. This review will provide an in-depth discussion on the development of siRNA and their delivery systems and mechanisms of action in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastegari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Meshkat Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Transcutaneous iontophoretic delivery of STAT3 siRNA using layer-by-layer chitosan coated gold nanoparticles to treat melanoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:188-97. [PMID: 27318964 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein prevents apoptosis and enhances proliferation of melanocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoparticles (LbL-AuNP) as a carrier for iontophoretic delivery of STAT3 siRNA to treat melanoma. Chitosan coated AuNP (AuNP-CS) were prepared by direct reduction of HAuCl4 in the presence of chitosan. The AuNP-CS were then sequentially layered with siRNA and chitosan to form AuNP-CS/siRNA/CS. STAT3 siRNA replaced with scrambled siRNA or sodium alginate were used as controls. The average particle size and zeta-potential of the prepared LbL-AuNP were 150±10nm (PDI: 0.41±0.06) and 35±6mV, respectively. In vitro studies in B16F10 murine melanoma cells showed that AuNP-CS/siRNA/CS inhibited the cell growth by 49.0±0.6% and 66.0±0.2% at 0.25nM and 0.5nM STAT3 siRNA concentration, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry studies showed a time dependent cell uptake of the LbL-AuNP up to 120min. Clathrin mediated endocytosis was found to be the predominant cell uptake mechanism for LbL-AuNP. STAT3 siRNA loaded LbL-AuNP reduced the STAT3 protein expression by 47.3% in B16F10 cells. Similarly, apoptosis assay showed 29% and 44% of early and late apoptotic events, respectively after treatment with STAT3 siRNA loaded LbL-AuNP. Confocal microscope and skin cryosections showed that application of 0.47mA/cm(2) of anodal iontophoresis enhanced the skin penetration of LbL-AuNP to reach viable epidermis. In conclusion, layer-by-layer chitosan coated AuNP can be developed as a carrier for iontophoretic delivery of STAT3 siRNA to treat melanoma.
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12
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Svenson S, Case RI, Cole RO, Hwang J, Kabir SR, Lazarus D, Lim Soo P, Ng PS, Peters C, Shum P, Sweryda-Krawiec B, Tripathi S, van der Poll D, Eliasof S. Tumor Selective Silencing Using an RNAi-Conjugated Polymeric Nanopharmaceutical. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:737-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonke Svenson
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Roy I. Case
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Roderick O. Cole
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jungyeon Hwang
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sujan R. Kabir
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Douglas Lazarus
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Patrick Lim Soo
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Pei-Sze Ng
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Christian Peters
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Pochi Shum
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Beata Sweryda-Krawiec
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Snehlata Tripathi
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Derek van der Poll
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Scott Eliasof
- Cerulean Pharma Inc., 35 Gatehouse
Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| |
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