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Liu Y, Yu J, Sun Y. Immobilized Dipeptidase in Manganese Ion-Loaded Polyethylenimine-Induced Calcium Phosphate Nanocrystals for Carnosine Synthesis. Langmuir 2024; 40:10261-10269. [PMID: 38693862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Carnosine is a natural bioactive dipeptide with important physiological functions widely used in food and medicine. Dipeptidase (PepD) from Serratia marcescens can catalyze the reverse hydrolytic reaction of β-alanine with l-histidine to synthesize carnosine in the presence of Mn2+. However, it remains challenging to practice carnosine biosynthesis due to the low activity and high cost of the enzyme. Therefore, the development of biocatalysts with high activity and stability is of significance for carnosine synthesis. Here, we proposed to chelate Mn2+ to polyethylenimine (PEI) that induced rapid formation of calcium phosphate nanocrystals (CaP), and Mn-PEI@CaP was used for PepD immobilization via electrostatic interaction. Mn-PEI@CaP as the carrier enhanced the stability of the immobilized enzyme. Moreover, Mn2+ loaded in the carrier acted as an in situ activator of the immobilized PepD for facilitating the biocatalytic process of carnosine synthesis. The as-prepared immobilized enzyme (PepD-Mn-PEI@CaP) kept similar activity with free PepD plus Mn2+ (activity recovery, 102.5%), while exhibiting elevated thermal stability and pH tolerance. Moreover, it exhibited about two times faster carnosine synthesis than the free PepD system. PepD-Mn-PEI@CaP retained 86.8% of the original activity after eight cycles of batch catalysis without the addition of free Mn2+ ions during multiple cycles. This work provides a new strategy for the co-immobilization of PepD and Mn2+, which greatly improves the operability of the biocatalysis and demonstrates the potential of the immobilized PepD system for efficient carnosine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Zhang X, Liu X, Chen X, Feng J, Zhao Q, Wu Q, Zhu D. Identification and structure-based engineering of a dipeptidase CpPepD from Clostridium perfringens for the synthesis of l-carnosine. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:86-93. [PMID: 38718874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
l-Carnosine (l-Car), an endogenous dipeptide presents in muscle and brain tissues of various vertebrates, has a wide range of application values. The enzymatic preparation of l-Car is a promising synthetic method because it avoids the protection and deprotection steps. In the present study, a dipeptidase gene (CpPepD) from Clostridium perfringens with high l-Car synthetic activity was cloned and characterized. In an effort to improve the performance of this enzyme, we carried out site saturation mutagenesis using CpPepD as the template. By the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA)-derived high throughput screening method, mutant A171S was obtained with 2.2-fold enhanced synthetic activity. The enzymatic properties of CpPepD and mutant A171S were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, 63.94 mM (14.46 g L-1) or 67.02 mM (15.16 g L-1) l-Car was produced at the substrate concentrations of 6 M β-Ala and 0.2 M l-His using wild-type or mutant A171S enzyme, respectively. Although the mutation enhanced the enzyme activity, the reaction equilibrium was barely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tibet NWS Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tibet 854000, PR China.
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, and Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China.
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Kim M, Munyaneza JP, Cho E, Jang A, Jo C, Nam KC, Choo HJ, Lee JH. Genome-wide association studies of anserine and carnosine contents in the breast meat of Korean native chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103590. [PMID: 38457991 PMCID: PMC11067755 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs), such as anserine and carnosine, are enormously beneficial to human health and contribute to the meat flavor in chickens. Meat quality traits, including flavor, are polygenic traits with medium to high heritability. Polygenic traits can be improved through a better understanding of their genetic mechanisms. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) constitute an effective genomic tool to identify the significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential candidate genes related to various traits of interest in chickens. This study identified potential candidate genes influencing the anserine and carnosine contents in chicken meat through GWAS. We performed GWAS of anserine and carnosine using the Illumina chicken 60K SNP chip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) in 637 Korean native chicken-red-brown line (KNC-R) birds consisting of 228 males and 409 females. The contents of anserine and carnosine in breast meat of KNC-R chickens were investigated. The mean value of the anserine and carnosine are 29.12 mM/g and 10.69 mM/g respectively. The genomic heritabilities were moderate (0.24) for anserine and high (0.43) for carnosine contents. Four and nine SNPs were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with anserine and carnosine, respectively. Based on the GWAS result, the 30.6 to 31.9 Mb region on chicken chromosome 7 was commonly associated with both anserine and carnosine. Through the functional annotation analysis, we identified HNMT and HNMT-like genes as potential candidate genes associated with both anserine and carnosine. The results presented here will contribute to the ongoing improvement of meat quality to satisfy current consumer demands, which are based on healthier, better-flavored, and higher-quality chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jean P Munyaneza
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bio convergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hyo Jun Choo
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea
| | - Jun Heon Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Shebl N, El-Jaafary S, Saeed AA, Elkafrawy P, El-Sayed A, Shamma S, Elnemr R, Mekky J, Mohamed LA, Kittaneh O, El-Fawal H, Rizig M, Salama M. Metabolomic profiling reveals altered phenylalanine metabolism in Parkinson's disease in an Egyptian cohort. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1341950. [PMID: 38516193 PMCID: PMC10955577 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1341950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Given the complexity of PD etiology and the different metabolic derangements correlated to the disease, metabolomics profiling of patients is a helpful tool to identify patho-mechanistic pathways for the disease development. Dopamine metabolism has been the target of several previous studies, of which some have reported lower phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in PD patients compared to controls. Methods: In this study, we have collected plasma from 27 PD patients, 18 reference controls, and 8 high-risk controls to perform a metabolomic study using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Results: Our findings revealed higher intensities of trans-cinnamate, a phenylalanine metabolite, in patients compared to reference controls. Thus, we hypothesize that phenylalanine metabolism has been shifted to produce trans-cinnamate via L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), instead of producing tyrosine, a dopamine precursor, via phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Discussion: Given that these metabolites are precursors to several other metabolic pathways, the intensities of many metabolites such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, which connects phenylalanine metabolism to that of tryptophan, have been altered. Consequently, and in respect to Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA) theory, the levels of tryptophan metabolites have also been altered. Some of these metabolites are tryptamine, melatonin, and nicotinamide. Thus, we assume that these alterations could contribute to the dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic neurodegeneration that happen in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Shebl
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I-GHHE), The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa El-Jaafary
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ayman A Saeed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Passent Elkafrawy
- Technology and Energy Research Center, Effat University-College of Engineering-NSMTU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Social Research Center, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I-GHHE), The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elnemr
- Climate Change Information Center & Expert Systems (CCICES), Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jaidaa Mekky
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Mohamed
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omar Kittaneh
- Technology and Energy Research Center, Effat University-College of Engineering-NSMTU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan El-Fawal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I-GHHE), The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mie Rizig
- Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I-GHHE), The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Sunagawa Y, Tsukabe R, Irokawa Y, Funamoto M, Suzuki Y, Yamada M, Shimizu S, Katanasaka Y, Hamabe-Horiike T, Kawase Y, Naruta R, Shimizu K, Mori K, Hosomi R, Komiyama M, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Anserine, a Histidine-Containing Dipeptide, Suppresses Pressure Overload-Induced Systolic Dysfunction by Inhibiting Histone Acetyltransferase Activity of p300 in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2344. [PMID: 38397020 PMCID: PMC10889817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anserine, an imidazole dipeptide, is present in the muscles of birds and fish and has various bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-fatigue effects. However, the effect of anserine on the development of heart failure remains unknown. We cultured primary cardiomyocytes with 0.03 mM to 10 mM anserine and stimulated them with phenylephrine for 48 h. Anserine significantly suppressed the phenylephrine-induced increases in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, ANF and BNP mRNA levels, and histone H3K9 acetylation. An in vitro histone acetyltransferase (HAT) assay showed that anserine directly suppressed p300-HAT activity with an IC50 of 1.87 mM. Subsequently, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and were randomly assigned to receive daily oral treatment with anserine-containing material, Marine Active® (60 or 200 mg/kg anserine) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Echocardiography revealed that anserine 200 mg/kg significantly prevented the TAC-induced increase in left ventricular posterior wall thickness and the decrease in left ventricular fractional shortening. Moreover, anserine significantly suppressed the TAC-induced acetylation of histone H3K9. These results indicate that anserine suppresses TAC-induced systolic dysfunction, at least in part, by inhibiting p300-HAT activity. Anserine may be used as a pharmacological agent for human heart failure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Tsukabe
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
| | - Yudai Irokawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
| | - Miho Yamada
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Yuto Kawase
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
| | - Ryuya Naruta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Hosomi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan;
| | - Maki Komiyama
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.S.); (R.T.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (T.H.-H.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
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Shixiong Z, Shaowei L, Zeqi Y, Miaochan X, Pingping Z, Haiyan B, Jingjing L, Yangang W. Study on the Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Patients with Erosive Gastritis Based on Metabolomics. Int J Anal Chem 2024; 2024:6684677. [PMID: 38204992 PMCID: PMC10776191 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6684677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, tongue coatings reflect changes in the body. The goal of this study was to identify a metabolite or a set of metabolites capable of classifying characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in erosive gastritis. In this study, we collected tongue coatings of patients with erosive gastritis with damp-heat syndrome (DHS), liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome (LDQSS), and healthy volunteers. Then, we analyzed the differences in metabolic characteristics between the two groups based on metabolomics. We identified 14 potential biomarkers related to the DHS group, and six metabolic pathways were enriched. The differential pathways included pyrimidine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and purine metabolism. Similarly, in the LDQSS group, we identified 25 potential biomarkers and 18 metabolic pathways were enriched. The top five pathways were the TCA cycle, sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. In conclusion, the DHS group and the LDQSS group have different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Shixiong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Liu Shaowei
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yang Zeqi
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xu Miaochan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Zhou Pingping
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Bai Haiyan
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Lv Jingjing
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Wang Yangang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Toviwek B, Suwanasopee T, Koonawootrittriron S, Jattawa D, Pongprayoon P. Binding Modes of Carnostatine, Homocarnosine, and Ophidine to Human Carnosinase 1. ACS Omega 2023; 8:42966-42975. [PMID: 38024708 PMCID: PMC10653059 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (CAR), anserine (ANS), homocarnosine (H-CAR), and ophidine (OPH) are histidine-containing dipeptides that show a wide range of therapeutic properties. With their potential physiological effects, these bioactive dipeptides are considered as bioactive food components. However, such dipeptides display low stability due to their rapid degradation by human serum carnosinase 1 (CN1). A dimeric CN1 hydrolyzes such histidine-containing compounds with different degrees of reactivities. A selective CN inhibitor, carnostatine (CARN), was reported to effectively inhibit CN's activity. To date, the binding mechanisms of CAR and ANS have been recently reported, while no clear information about H-CAR, OPH, and CARN binding is available. Thus, in this work, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to elucidate the binding mechanism of H-CAR, OPH, and CARN. Among all, the amine end and imidazole ring are the main players for trapping all of the ligands in a pocket. OPH shows the poorest binding affinity, while CARN displays the tightest binding. Such firm binding is due to the longer amine chain and the additional hydroxyl (-OH) group of CARN. H-CAR and CARN are analogous, but the absence of the -OH moiety in H-CAR significantly enhances its mobility, resulting in the reduction in binding affinity. For OPH which is an ANS analogue, the methylated imidazole ring destroys the OPH-CN1 interaction network at this region, consequentially leading to the poor binding ability. An insight into how CN recognizes and binds its substrates obtained here will be useful for designing an effective strategy to prolong the lifetime of CAR and its analogues after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borvornwat Toviwek
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thanathip Suwanasopee
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Skorn Koonawootrittriron
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Danai Jattawa
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pongprayoon
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural
Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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8
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Tamborlin L, Pereira KD, Guimarães DSPSF, Silveira LR, Luchessi AD. The first evidence of biological activity for free Hypusine, an enigmatic amino acid discovered in the '70s. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03283-4. [PMID: 37258638 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypusine amino acid [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-lysine] was first isolated in 1971 from bovine brain extracts. Hypusine originates from a post-translational modification at the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), a protein produced by archaebacteria and eukaryotes. The eIF5A protein is the only one described containing the hypusine residue, which is essential for its activity. Hypusine as a free amino acid is a consequence of proteolytic degradation of eIF5A. Herein, we showed, for the first time, evidence of biological activity for the free hypusine. C6 rat glioma cells were treated with hypusine, and different cellular parameters were evaluated. Hypusine treatment significantly reduced C6 cell proliferation and potently suppressed their clonogenic capacity without leading to apoptosis. Hypusine also decreased the Eif5A transcript content and the global protein synthesis profile that may occur due to negative feedback in response to high hypusine concentration, controlling the content of newly synthesized eIF5A, which can affect the translation process. Besides, hypusine treatment also altered cellular metabolism by changing the pathways for energy production, reducing cellular respiration coupled with oxidative phosphorylation, and increasing the anaerobic metabolism. These observed results and the relationship between eIF5A and tumor processes led us to test the combination of hypusine with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide. Combining temozolomide with hypusine reduced the MTT conversion to the same levels as those observed using double temozolomide dosage alone, demonstrating a synergetic action between the compounds. Thus, since 1971, this is the first study showing evidence of biological activity for hypusine not associated with being an essential component of the eiF5A protein. Finding out the molecular targets of hypusine are the following efforts to completely characterize its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Tamborlin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim Santa Luiza, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Danielle Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim Santa Luiza, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim Santa Luiza, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil.
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bonaccorso A, Privitera A, Grasso M, Salamone S, Carbone C, Pignatello R, Musumeci T, Caraci F, Caruso G. The Therapeutic Potential of Novel Carnosine Formulations: Perspectives for Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:778. [PMID: 37375726 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenous dipeptide synthesized via the activity of the ATP-dependent enzyme carnosine synthetase 1 and can be found at a very high concentration in tissues with a high metabolic rate, including muscles (up to 20 mM) and brain (up to 5 mM). Because of its well-demonstrated multimodal pharmacodynamic profile, which includes anti-aggregant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as its ability to modulate the energy metabolism status in immune cells, this dipeptide has been investigated in numerous experimental models of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and at a clinical level. The main limit for the therapeutic use of carnosine is related to its rapid hydrolysis exerted by carnosinases, especially at the plasma level, reason why the development of new strategies, including the chemical modification of carnosine or its vehiculation into innovative drug delivery systems (DDS), aiming at increasing its bioavailability and/or at facilitating the site-specific transport to different tissues, is of utmost importance. In the present review, after a description of carnosine structure, biological activities, administration routes, and metabolism, we focused on different DDS, including vesicular systems and metallic nanoparticles, as well as on possible chemical derivatization strategies related to carnosine. In particular, a basic description of the DDS employed or the derivatization/conjugation applied to obtain carnosine formulations, followed by the possible mechanism of action, is given. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that includes all the new formulations of carnosine (DDS and derivatives), allowing a decrease or complete prevention of the hydrolysis of this dipeptide exerted by carnosinases, the simultaneous blood-brain barrier crossing, the maintenance or enhancement of carnosine biological activity, and the site-specific transport to different tissues, which then offers perspectives for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Sonya Salamone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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10
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Enomoto H, Zaima N. Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of carnitine and imidazole dipeptides in pork chop tissues. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1216:123601. [PMID: 36680959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carnitine is essential for energy production and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Carnosine and its methylated analogs anserine and balenine are histidine-containing imidazole dipeptides, which are antioxidative compounds. They are major health-related components in meat; however, analytical technique to investigate their distribution among tissues have not fully established. Here, we performed desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of pork chop sections containing longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (loin), intermuscular fat tissue, transparent tissue, and spinalis muscle to investigate the distributions of carnitine and imidazole dipeptides. Liquid chromatography-MS revealed that the concentrations of carnitine, carnosine, anserine, and balenine were 11.0 ± 0.9, 330.1 ± 15.5, 21.2 ± 1.5, and 9.6 ± 0.5 mg/100 g, respectively. In the mass spectrum obtained by DESI-MSI, peaks corresponding to the chemical formulae of carnitine and imidazole dipeptides were detected. DESI-MSI provided definite identification of carnitine, while DESI-tandem MSI (MS/MSI) was necessary to accurately visualize carnosine, anserine, and balenine. Carnitine and these imidazole dipeptides were mainly distributed in the loin and spinalis muscle, while their distribution was not uniform in both muscle tissues. In addition, the balance between both tissues were different. The concentration of carnitine was higher in the spinalis muscle than that in the loin, while those of imidazole dipeptides were higher in the loin than those in the spinalis muscle. These results were consistent with those obtained by liquid chromatography-MS quantification, suggest that DESI-MSI analysis is useful for the distribution analysis of carnitine and imidazole dipeptides in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Enomoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan; Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan; Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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11
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de Oliveira ES, Lião LM, Silva AK, Prado CS, Sena MM, de Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira G. A t-test ranking-based discriminant analysis for classification of free-range and barn-raised broiler chickens by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Food Chem 2023; 399:134004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ali-Sisto T, Tolmunen T, Kraav SL, Mäntyselkä P, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Honkalampi K, Ruusunen A, Velagapudi V, Lehto SM. Serum levels of carnosine may be associated with the duration of MDD episodes. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:647-655. [PMID: 36208690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent disorder that incurs a high societal burden. However, the etiology of MDD remains unclear. The functioning of several systems associated with the etiopathogenesis of MDD, such as inflammatory and stress systems, is partially modulated by the dipeptide carnosine. METHODS The study comprised 99 MDD patients and 253 non-depressed controls aged 20-71 years. Fasting serum samples were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to determine the serum levels of carnosine and its constituent, histidine. We compared these metabolites in three different settings: 1) MDD patients vs. non-depressed controls and 2) remitted vs. non-remitted MDD patients, as well as 3) changes in the metabolite levels during the follow-up period within a) the remitted group and b) the non-remitted group. In addition, we assessed the possible effect of medications on the measured metabolites. RESULTS We observed higher serum levels of carnosine in the MDD group compared to the control group at baseline (OR = 1.895, 95%CI = 1.223-2.937, p = 0.004). Elevated serum levels of carnosine were also associated with a longer duration of the depressive episode (Z = 0.406, p = 0.001). However, the use of any antipsychotic medication (n = 36) was associated with lowered carnosine levels (p = 0.010 for use vs. non-use). At the follow-up, remitted and non-remitted participants displayed no significant differences in their carnosine levels (Z = -0.14, p = 0.891) or histidine (Z = -1.39 p = 0.164). CONCLUSIONS An increase in circulating carnosine may characterize depressive episodes and may represent a protective homeostatic reaction against MDD-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Ali-Sisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, 70029, Finland
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Primary Health Care Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, 70029, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, 70029, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Deakin University, iMPACT Institute, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; R&D department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Wetzel C, Pfeffer T, Bulkescher R, Zemva J, Modafferi S, Polimeni A, Salinaro AT, Calabrese V, Schmitt CP, Peters V. Anserine and Carnosine Induce HSP70-Dependent H 2S Formation in Endothelial Cells and Murine Kidney. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010066. [PMID: 36670928 PMCID: PMC9855136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anserine and carnosine have nephroprotective actions; hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects from ischemic tissue damage, and the underlying mechanisms are debated. In view of their common interaction with HSP70, we studied possible interactions of both dipeptides with H2S. H2S formation was measured in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2); three endothelial cell lines (HUVEC, HUAEC, MCEC); and in renal murine tissue of wild-type (WT), carnosinase-1 knockout (Cndp1-KO) and Hsp70-KO mice. Diabetes was induced by streptozocin. Incubation with carnosine increased H2S synthesis capacity in tubular cells, as well as with anserine in all three endothelial cell lines. H2S dose-dependently reduced anserine/carnosine degradation rate by serum and recombinant carnosinase-1 (CN1). Endothelial Hsp70-KO reduced H2S formation and abolished the stimulation by anserine and could be restored by Hsp70 transfection. In female Hsp70-KO mice, kidney H2S formation was halved. In Cndp1-KO mice, kidney anserine concentrations were several-fold and sex-specifically increased. Kidney H2S formation capacity was increased 2-3-fold in female mice and correlated with anserine and carnosine concentrations. In diabetic Cndp1-KO mice, renal anserine and carnosine concentrations as well as H2S formation capacity were markedly reduced compared to non-diabetic Cndp1-KO littermates. Anserine and carnosine induce H2S formation in a cell-type and Hsp70-specific manner within a positive feedback loop with CN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wetzel
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Pfeffer
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bulkescher
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Zemva
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Polimeni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Mirzahosseini A, Molaei M, Mazák K, Pálla T, Köteles I, Varró N, Mándity I, Noszál B. Species-specific acid-base characterization of carnosine and homocarnosine using nuclear magnetic resonance. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang-Eckhardt L, Becker I, Wang Y, Yuan J, Eckhardt M. Absence of endogenous carnosine synthesis does not increase protein carbonylation and advanced lipoxidation end products in brain, kidney or muscle. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1013-1023. [PMID: 35294673 PMCID: PMC9217836 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides are expected to be important anti-oxidants in vertebrates based on various in vitro and in vivo studies with exogenously administered carnosine or its precursor β-alanine. To examine a possible anti-oxidant role of endogenous carnosine, mice lacking carnosine synthase (Carns1−/−) had been generated and were examined further in the present study. Protein carbonylation increased significantly between old (18 months) and aged (24 months) mice in brain and kidney but this was independent of the Carns1 genotype. Lipoxidation end products were not increased in 18-month-old Carns1−/− mice compared to controls. We also found no evidence for compensatory increase of anti-oxidant enzymes in Carns1−/− mice. To explore the effect of carnosine deficiency in a mouse model known to suffer from increased oxidative stress, Carns1 also was deleted in the type II diabetes model Leprdb/db mouse. In line with previous studies, malondialdehyde adducts were elevated in Leprdb/db mouse kidney, but there was no further increase by additional deficiency in Carns1. Furthermore, Leprdb/db mice lacking Carns1 were indistinguishable from conventional Leprdb/db mice with respect to fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Taken together, Carns1 deficiency appears not to reinforce oxidative stress in old mice and there was no evidence for a compensatory upregulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. We conclude that the significance of the anti-oxidant activity of endogenously synthesized HCDs is limited in mice, suggesting that other functions of HCDs play a more important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang-Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivonne Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Naletova I, Greco V, Sciuto S, Attanasio F, Rizzarelli E. Ionophore Ability of Carnosine and Its Trehalose Conjugate Assists Copper Signal in Triggering Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Activation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13504. [PMID: 34948299 PMCID: PMC8706131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
l-carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) (Car hereafter) is a natural dipeptide widely distributed in mammalian tissues and reaching high concentrations (0.7-2.0 mM) in the brain. The molecular features of the dipeptide underlie the antioxidant, anti-aggregating and metal chelating ability showed in a large number of physiological effects, while the biological mechanisms involved in the protective role found against several diseases cannot be explained on the basis of the above-mentioned properties alone, requiring further research efforts. It has been reported that l-carnosine increases the secretion and expression of various neurotrophic factors and affects copper homeostasis in nervous cells inducing Cu cellular uptake in keeping with the key metal-sensing system. Having in mind this l-carnosine ability, here we report the copper-binding and ionophore ability of l-carnosine to activate tyrosine kinase cascade pathways in PC12 cells and stimulate the expression of BDNF. Furthermore, the study was extended to verify the ability of the dipeptide to favor copper signaling inducing the expression of VEGF. Being aware that the potential protective action of l-carnosine is drastically hampered by its hydrolysis, we also report on the behavior of a conjugate of l-carnosine with trehalose that blocks the carnosinase degradative activity. Overall, our findings describe a copper tuning effect on the ability of l-carnosine and, particularly its conjugate, to activate tyrosine kinase cascade pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research—CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- National Inter-University Consortium Metals Chemistry in Biological Systems (CIRCMSB), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research—CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research—CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- National Inter-University Consortium Metals Chemistry in Biological Systems (CIRCMSB), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (S.S.)
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Heidenreich E, Pfeffer T, Kracke T, Mechtel N, Nawroth P, Hoffmann GF, Schmitt CP, Hell R, Poschet G, Peters V. A Novel UPLC-MS/MS Method Identifies Organ-Specific Dipeptide Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9979. [PMID: 34576148 PMCID: PMC8465603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids have a central role in cell metabolism, and intracellular changes contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, while the role and specific organ distribution of dipeptides is largely unknown. METHOD We established a sensitive, rapid and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of 36 dipeptides. Dipeptide patterns were analyzed in brown and white adipose tissues, brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, sciatic nerve, pancreas, spleen and thymus, serum and urine of C57BL/6N wildtype mice and related to the corresponding amino acid profiles. RESULTS A total of 30 out of the 36 investigated dipeptides were detected with organ-specific distribution patterns. Carnosine and anserine were most abundant in all organs, with the highest concentrations in muscles. In liver, Asp-Gln and Ala-Gln concentrations were high, in the spleen and thymus, Glu-Ser and Gly-Asp. In serum, dipeptide concentrations were several magnitudes lower than in organ tissues. In all organs, dipeptides with C-terminal proline (Gly-Pro and Leu-Pro) were present at higher concentrations than dipeptides with N-terminal proline (Pro-Gly and Pro-Leu). Organ-specific amino acid profiles were related to the dipeptide profile with several amino acid concentrations being related to the isomeric form of the dipeptides. Aspartate, histidine, proline and serine tissue concentrations correlated with dipeptide concentrations, when the amino acids were present at the C- but not at the N-terminus. CONCLUSION Our multi-dipeptide quantification approach demonstrates organ-specific dipeptide distribution. This method allows us to understand more about the dipeptide metabolism in disease or in healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Heidenreich
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.H.); (N.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Tilman Pfeffer
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.K.); (G.F.H.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Tamara Kracke
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.K.); (G.F.H.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Nils Mechtel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.H.); (N.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Program, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.K.); (G.F.H.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.K.); (G.F.H.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.H.); (N.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.H.); (N.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.K.); (G.F.H.); (C.P.S.)
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Akyol O, Tessier K, Akyol S. Accuracy and uniformity of the nomenclature of biogenic amines and polyamines in metabolomics studies: A preliminary study. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2021; 49:441-445. [PMID: 33682332 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the newest areas in biochemistry dedicated to investigating small biomolecules in biofluids, tissues, and cells. Cutting edge instruments used in metabolomics studies make it possible to identify thousands of biomolecules and determine their interactions with biological networks. This tremendous area has increased the significance of accurate chemical nomenclature of compounds. Therefore, the classification of the organic molecules has become one of the most important issues in the field. Biogenic amines are nitrogenous compounds of low molecular weight formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids or by the amination and the transamination of aldehydes and ketones during normal metabolic processes. This letter covers the topic of nomenclature with respect to the current usage of biogenic amines in scientific literature. We use metabolomics as an example of field reporting data on trace levels of molecules that may be miscategorized in primary literature. We suggest that the incorrect classification of molecules will influence science education adversely because resources used for teaching are drawn from primary literature references that may contain errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Akyol
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Alabama, USA
| | - Kylie Tessier
- Michigan Math and Science Academy, Warren, Michigan, USA
| | - Sumeyya Akyol
- Beaumont Health System-Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
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Le Floc'h N, Gondret F, Resmond R. Identification of blood immune and metabolic indicators explaining the variability of growth of pigs under contrasted sanitary conditions. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:166. [PMID: 33858408 PMCID: PMC8048059 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health and growth of pigs are affected by the hygiene of housing. Lower growth performance observed in poor hygiene of housing conditions is explained by reduced feed intake and metabolic changes caused by the activation of body defences. In a previous experiment, we reported contrasted average values of body weight gain, concentrations of circulating metabolites, redox and immune indicators in blood of pigs housed in good or poor hygiene conditions during the growing period. This study addressed inter-individual variability in these responses to determine whether a particular blood profile explains average daily gain (ADG) of the pig. Results The data originated from 160 growing pigs, half of which subjected to a hygiene challenge for 6 weeks (W0 to W6) and the others housed in good hygiene conditions. Pigs originated from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Individual body weights were recorded during this period, and relative ADG (rADGW0-W6) was calculated as the ADG corrected by the initial body weight measured at W0. Blood samples were taken before (W0) and 3 weeks (W3) after the beginning of the challenge. The analysed dataset consisted of 51 metabolites and indicators of immune and inflammatory responses measured on 136 pigs having no missing value for any variables, when calculated as the differences W3 minus W0 in circulating concentrations. An algorithm tested all possible linear regression models and then selected the best ones to explain rADGW0-W6. Six variables were identified across the best models and correlated with rADGW0-W6 with a goodness of fit (adjusted R2) of about 67%. They were changes in haptoglobin, global antioxidant capacity of plasma (Biological Antioxidant Power or BAP), free fatty acids, and 3 amino acids: leucine, tryptophan, and 1-methylhistidine. The effects of housing conditions and RFI lines were comprised in the variables of the selected models and none of these conditions improved accuracy of the predictive models, leading to genericity of the pinpointed metabolic changes in relation to variability of ADG. Conclusions This approach allows us to identify blood variables, whose changes in blood concentrations correlated to ADG under contrasted sanitary conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02872-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Le Floc'h
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint Gilles, France.
| | - F Gondret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint Gilles, France
| | - R Resmond
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint Gilles, France
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Abstract
Protein histidine methylation is a rarely studied posttranslational modification in eukaryotes. Although the presence of N-methylhistidine was demonstrated in actin in the early 1960s, so far, only a limited number of proteins containing N-methylhistidine have been reported, including S100A9, myosin, skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK 2), and ribosomal protein Rpl3. Furthermore, the role of histidine methylation in the functioning of the protein and in cell physiology remains unclear due to a shortage of studies focusing on this topic. However, the molecular identification of the first two distinct histidine-specific protein methyltransferases has been established in yeast (Hpm1) and in metazoan species (actin-histidine N-methyltransferase), giving new insights into the phenomenon of protein methylation at histidine sites. As a result, we are now beginning to recognize protein histidine methylation as an important regulatory mechanism of protein functioning whose loss may have deleterious consequences in both cells and in organisms. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the chemical, enzymological, and physiological aspects of protein histidine methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li X, He M, Qiao S. Combining bioinformatics analysis and experiments to explore CARNS1 as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1586. [PMID: 33533160 PMCID: PMC8077083 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease, which has variation in clinical behaviors. High-throughput technologies have added important genetic alternative and biological change information for breast cancer. CARNS1 is an important ATPases. It can catalyze the synthesis of carnosine, which has antiproliferative activity in cancer. Here, we hypothesize that CARNS1 plays an essential role in the development of breast cancer. METHODS The expressions of CARNS1 in breast cancer were data-mined and analyzed from TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (the Gene Expression Omnibus) databases. The correlation of CARNS1 expression with clinical characteristics and the diagnostic capability of CARNS1 were assessed. Experimental studies were conducted in two cohorts (n = 60) of breast cancer patients by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS CARNS1 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer. The expression was correlated with tumor molecular and histological types, T and M stages, and vital status. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the downregulation of CARNS1 was significantly related to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival. Moreover, these scenarios have been extended to ER, PR, and HER2 positive patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that CARNS1 can be considered as an independent prognostic predictor for patients with breast cancer. Experimental data supported that the protein and mRNA levels of CARNS1 in breast cancer are indeed significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION Our findings have demonstrated that CARNS1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene and may be an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Departmnet of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shixing Qiao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches are
warranted. In view of a polymorphism in the carnosinase 1 gene CNDP1, resulting in reduced
carnosine degradation activity and a significant DN risk reduction, carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine)
has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Carnosine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-glycation and reactive carbonyl quenching properties. In diabetic rodents, carnosine supplementation
consistently improved renal histology and function and in most studies, also glucose metabolism.
Even though plasma half-life of carnosine in humans is short, first intervention studies in (pre-)
diabetic patients yielded promising results. The precise molecular mechanisms of carnosine mediated
protective action, however, are still incompletely understood. This review highlights the recent
knowledge on the role of the carnosine metabolism in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Vistoli G, Aldini G, Fumagalli L, Dallanoce C, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Activation Effects of Carnosine- and Histidine-Containing Dipeptides on Human Carbonic Anhydrases: A Comprehensive Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051761. [PMID: 32143488 PMCID: PMC7084589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Carnosine (β-Ala-l-His) and several other histidine-containing peptides, including two N-methylated forms on the imidazole ring (l-anserine and l-balenine), two derivatives modified on the carboxyl function (carcinine and l-carnosinamide), two analogues differing in the length of the N-terminal residue (l-homocarnosine and Gly-l-His) and the N-acetyl derivatives, were investigated as activators of four isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The four human isoforms hCA I, II, VA and IX were activated in the low to high micromolar range, with a rather complex structure activity relationship. A performed computational study allowed us to rationalize these results and to propose a binding mode of these activators within the enzyme active site. Similarly to other CA activators, the here studied peptides could find relevant pharmacological applications such as in the management of CA deficiencies, for therapy memory and enhancing cognition or for artificial tissues engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (C.T.S.); Tel.: +39-025-0319349 (G.V.); +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); Fax: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (C.T.S.); Tel.: +39-025-0319349 (G.V.); +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); Fax: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.)
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Cheng JY, Yang JB, Liu Y, Xu M, Huang YY, Zhang JJ, Cao P, Lyu JX, Shen Y. Profiling and targeting of cellular mitochondrial bioenergetics: inhibition of human gastric cancer cell growth by carnosine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:938-948. [PMID: 30560903 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring dipeptide distributed in various organs of mammalians. We previously showed that carnosine inhibited proliferation of human gastric cancer cells through targeting both mitochondrial bioenergetics and glycolysis pathway. But the mechanism underlying carnosine action on mitochondrial bioenergetics of tumor cells remains unclear. In the current study we investigated the effect of carnosine on the growth of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in vitro and in vivo. We firstly showed that hydrolysis of carnosine was not a prerequisite for its anti-gastric cancer effect. Treatment of SGC-7901 cells with carnosine (20 mmol/L) significantly decreased the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-IV and mitochondrial ATP production, and downregulated 13 proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Furthermore, carnosine treatment significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, while inhibition of Akt activation with GSK690693 significantly reduced the localization of prohibitin-1 (PHB-1) in the mitochondria of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. In addition, we showed that silencing of PHB-1 gene with shRNA markedly reduced the mitochondrial PHB-1 in SGC-7901 cells, and significantly decreased the colony formation capacity and growth rate of the cells. In SGC-7901 cell xenograft nude mice, administration of carnosine (250 mg kg/d, ip, for 3 weeks) significantly inhibited the tumor growth and decreased the expression of mitochondrial PHB-1 in tumor tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that carnosine may act on multiple mitochondrial proteins to down-regulate mitochondrial bioenergetics and then to inhibit the growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells.
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Peters V, Calabrese V, Forsberg E, Volk N, Fleming T, Baelde H, Weigand T, Thiel C, Trovato A, Scuto M, Modafferi S, Schmitt CP. Protective Actions of Anserine Under Diabetic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2751. [PMID: 30217069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: In rodents, carnosine treatment improves diabetic nephropathy, whereas little is known about the role and function of anserine, the methylated form of carnosine. Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity and oxygen stress response in human renal tubular cells (HK-2) by RT-PCR and Western-Immunoblotting. In wildtype (WT) and diabetic mice (db/db), the effect of short-term anserine treatment on blood glucose, proteinuria and vascular permeability was measured. Results: Anserine has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to carnosine (p < 0.001). In tubular cells (HK-2) stressed with 25 mM glucose or 20–100 µM hydrogen peroxide, anserine but not carnosine, increased intracellular heat shock protein (Hsp70) mRNA and protein levels. In HK-2 cells stressed with glucose, co-incubation with anserine also increased hemeoxygenase (HO-1) protein and reduced total protein carbonylation, but had no effect on cellular sirtuin-1 and thioredoxin protein concentrations. Three intravenous anserine injections every 48 h in 12-week-old db/db mice, improved blood glucose by one fifth, vascular permeability by one third, and halved proteinuria (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Anserine is a potent antioxidant and activates the intracellular Hsp70/HO-1 defense system under oxidative and glycative stress. Short-term anserine treatment in diabetic mice improves glucose homeostasis and nephropathy.
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