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Boecker H, Daamen M, Maurer A, Bodensohn L, Werkhausen J, Lohaus M, Manunzio C, Manunzio U, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Dukart J, Upadhyay N. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations associated with μ-opioid and dopamine receptor distributions in the central nervous system after high-intensity exercise bouts. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2024; 3:1332384. [PMID: 38455686 PMCID: PMC10917966 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2024.1332384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dopaminergic, opiod and endocannabinoid neurotransmission are thought to play an important role in the neurobiology of acute exercise and, in particular, in mediating positive affective responses and reward processes. Recent evidence indicates that changes in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (zfALFF) in resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) may reflect changes in specific neurotransmitter systems as tested by means of spatial correlation analyses. Methods Here, we investigated this relationship at different exercise intensities in twenty young healthy trained athletes performing low-intensity (LIIE), high-intensity (HIIE) interval exercises, and a control condition on three separate days. Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scores and rs-fMRI were acquired before and after each of the three experimental conditions. Respective zfALFF changes were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. We examined the spatial correspondence of changes in zfALFF before and after training with the available neurotransmitter maps across all voxels and additionally, hypothesis-driven, for neurotransmitter maps implicated in the neurobiology of exercise (dopaminergic, opiodic and endocannabinoid) in specific brain networks associated with "reward" and "emotion." Results Elevated PANAS Positive Affect was observed after LIIE and HIIE but not after the control condition. HIIE compared to the control condition resulted in differential zfALFF decreases in precuneus, temporo-occipital, midcingulate and frontal regions, thalamus, and cerebellum, whereas differential zfALFF increases were identified in hypothalamus, pituitary, and periaqueductal gray. The spatial alteration patterns in zfALFF during HIIE were positively associated with dopaminergic and μ-opioidergic receptor distributions within the 'reward' network. Discussion These findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of exercise supporting the importance of reward-related neurotransmission at least during high-intensity physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Diep C, Goel A, Wijeysundera DN, Clarke H, Ladha KS. Co-use of cannabis and prescription opioids in adults in the USA: a population-based, cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES from 2009 to 2018. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022; 48:rapm-2022-103933. [PMID: 36543390 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis and cannabinoids continue to gain popularity as adjuncts or alternatives to opioids in pain management, with evolving evidence of effectiveness. The relationship between cannabis and opioid use has previously been investigated in smaller cohorts or ecological samples, but not yet in a nationally representative sample. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of adults in the USA was undertaken using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2009 to 2018. The primary exposure was self-reported use of at least one opioid-containing prescription medication in the 30 days prior to survey administration. The outcome of interest was self-reported cannabis use in the same period. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for sociodemographic and health-related covariates, and NHANES survey sample weights were included in modeling. Prescription opioid users were then subclassified as short-term users (<90 days) or chronic users (≥90 days) in secondary analysis. RESULTS A total 10,928 survey respondents were included in analyses, representing 110 million adults in the USA aged 18-59. In this weighted cohort, 5.6%±0.4% reported a recent opioid prescription. Among prescription opioid users, 18.4%±3.1% reported recent cannabis use, not significantly different from 17.7%±0.7% among non-users (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.36, p=0.714). After adjustment for covariates, opioid users were significantly less likely to have recently used cannabis (adjusted OR, aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.97, p=0.032). When opioid users were subclassified by duration of prescription, there was no detectable difference in recent cannabis use between chronic opioid users and short-term opioid users (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.78, p=0.649). CONCLUSION Recent prescription opioid use was associated with decreased odds of cannabis use in this cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative cohort. These findings suggest that use of cannabis or prescription opioids may not independently promote use of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Diep
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akash Goel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duminda N Wijeysundera
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hance Clarke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karim S Ladha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ronan K, Hughes Driscoll C, Decker E, Gopalakrishnan M, El Metwally D. Resource utilization and convalescent care cost in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 16:49-57. [PMID: 36530095 DOI: 10.3233/npm-221060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a growing public health problem associated with complex and prolonged medical care and a significant resource utilization burden. The objective of this study was to compare the cost of different convalescent care settings for infants with NOWS. METHODS: Retrospective comparison study of infants with NOWS discharged directly from NICU, transferred to an acute care pediatric floor (PPCU) or rehabilitation hospital (PRH). Primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and cost of stay (COS). RESULTS: Infants had 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1,1.6) times and 2.5 (95% CI: 2.1,3.1) times significantly longer mean LOS for PPCU and RH discharges compared to NICU discharges. NICU discharged infants had the lowest mean COS ($25,745.00) and PRH the highest ($60,528.00), despite PRH having a lower cost per day. PRH discharged infants had higher rates of methadone and benzodiazepine and less buprenorphine exposure than NICU/PPCU discharged. Infants born to mothers on marijuana and buprenorphine had a 28% lower mean COS compared to unexposed infants. Median treatment cumulative morphine doses were six-fold higher for PRH than NICU discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Infants transferred to convalescence care facilities had longer and more costly admissions and received more medication. However, there may be a role for earlier transfer of a subset of infants at-risk for longer LOS as those exposed to methadone and/or benzodiazepines. Further studies exploring differences in resource utilization, convalescent care delivery and cost expenditure are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ronan
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA
- Women’s and Babies Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | | | - E. Decker
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA
- The College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - M. Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, MD, USA
| | - D. El Metwally
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA
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AlKhelb D, Kirunda A, Ho TC, Makriyannis A, Desai RI. Effects of the cannabinoid CB 1-receptor neutral antagonist AM4113 and antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant on fentanyl discrimination in male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 240:109646. [PMID: 36191533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests the existence of a functional interaction between endogenous cannabinoid (CB) and opioid systems. Thus, targeting CB1 receptors might be a viable approach to develop new medications for opioid use disorders (OUD). The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of the neutral CB1 antagonist AM4113 and the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant in male rats trained to discriminate 0.032 mg/kg fentanyl from saline under a 10-response fixed-ratio (FR-10) schedule of food reinforcement. Results show that the µ-opioid agonists (fentanyl, oxycodone, and morphine) substituted fully and dose-dependently for fentanyl, whereas pretreatment with the µ-opioid antagonist naltrexone antagonized fentanyl's discriminative-stimulus effects. In interaction studies, AM4113 (0.32 or 1.0 mg/kg) was more effective in blocking fentanyl discrimination at 10-fold lower doses that did not modify rates of food-maintained responding, whereas rimonabant (1.0-10 mg/kg) produced some attenuation of fentanyl's discriminative-stimulus effects at the highest dose tested which also significantly decreased response rates. These results extend our recent work showing that AM4113 can effectively block the behavioral effects of heroin without producing rimonabant-like adverse effects. Taken together, these data suggests that CB1 neutral antagonists effectively block the behavioral effects of structurally distinct morphinan (heroin) and phenylpiperidine-based (fentanyl) opioids and may provide a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal AlKhelb
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andre Kirunda
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thanh C Ho
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Rajeev I Desai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Biology Program, Integrative Neurochemistry Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wiese BM, Liktor-Busa E, Couture SA, Nikas SP, Ji L, Liu Y, Makriyannis A, Spigelman I, Vanderah TW, Largent-Milnes TM. Brain Penetrant, but not Peripherally Restricted, Synthetic Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Agonists Promote Morphine-Mediated Respiratory Depression. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:621-627. [PMID: 34935460 PMCID: PMC9587769 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis acceptance and use continues to rise despite the gaps in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in many physiological functions, including respiratory influence. Methods: With recent evidence of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) presence in the collection of respiratory neurons in the brainstem, as well as in the peripheral lung tissue, it is vital that the mechanisms involved in central and peripheral CB1R modulation of respiratory function be delineated. In this study we sought to define the roles of central versus peripheral CB1R activation on respiratory depression alone and in combination with morphine using whole body plethysmography. Results: We show that the peripherally restricted CB1 agonist (4-{2-[-(1E)-1[(4-propylnaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]-1H-inden-3yl]ethyl}morpholine [PrNMI] 0.3, 0.6, and 1 mg/kg) does not induce respiratory depression, while our previous studies showed that a central penetrating synthetic cannabinoid does induce respiratory depression. Significantly, the combination of morphine with the peripheral CB1 agonist, PrNMI, attenuated morphine-induced respiratory depression. Conclusions: These studies support that a peripherally restricted CB1R agonist may be a unique strategy to attenuate the respiratory depression associated with opioid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. Wiese
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Erika Liktor-Busa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah A. Couture
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences—Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lipin Ji
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences—Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yingpeng Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences—Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences—Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Igor Spigelman
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tally M. Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Cannabinoids—Perspectives for Individual Treatment in Selected Patients: Analysis of the Case Series. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081862. [PMID: 36009411 PMCID: PMC9405173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids can be successfully used in the treatment of many symptoms and diseases; however, most often they are not the drugs of first choice. They can be added to the primary therapy, which can improve its effectiveness, or be introduced as the basic treatment when the conventional methods have failed. Small clinical trials and case reports prove the benefits of applying medicinal cannabis in various indications; however, clinical trials in larger groups of patients are scarce and often controversial. Due to limited scientific evidence, it is essential to conduct further experimental trials. Understanding the role of endocannabinoids, as well as the composition of cannabis containing both phytocannabinoids and terpenes plays an important role in their clinical use. The clinical effects of cannabinoids depend, among other things, on the activity of the endocannabinoid system, the proportion of phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and the dosage used. The article discusses the role of phytocannabinoids and the potential of using them in different clinical cases in patients suffering from chronic pain, opioid dependence, depression and migraine, who did not respond to the conventional therapeutic methods. In each of the presented cases, the implementation of cannabinoids altered the course of the disease and resulted in symptom relief. Every decision to introduce cannabinoids to the treatment should be made individually with careful attention paid to details. Additionally, it is worth taking care of good clinical communication and education so that the implemented therapy is safe, effective and properly perceived by the patient.
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Cristina Mendes Ferreira R, Cristina de Sousa Fonseca F, Lamounier de Almeida D, Cristina Nogueira Freitas A, Peigneur S, Roberto Lima Romero T, Almeida Amaral F, Dimitri Gama Duarte I. Bradykinin induces peripheral antinociception in PGE 2-induced hyperalgesia in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114965. [PMID: 35182520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin (BK) is an endogenous peptide involved in vascular permeability and inflammation. It has opposite effects (inducing hyperalgesia or antinociception) when administered directly in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BK may also present this dual effect when injected peripherally in a PGE2-induced nociceptive pain model, as well as to investigate the possible mechanisms of action involved in this event in mice. METHODS Male Swiss and C57BL/6 knockout mice for B1 or B2 bradykinin receptors were submitted to a mechanical paw pressure test and hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar prostaglandin E2 (2 µg/paw) injection. RESULTS Bradykinin (20, 40 and 80 ng/paw) produced dose-dependent peripheral antinociception against PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. This effect was antagonized by bradyzide (8, 16 and 32 μg/paw), naloxone (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/paw), nor-binaltorphimine (50, 100 and 200 μg/paw) and AM251 (20, 40 and 80 μg/paw). Bestatin (400 µg/paw), MAFP (0.5 µg/paw) and VDM11 (2.5 µg/paw) potentiated the antinociception of a lower 20 ng BK dose. The knockout of B1 or B2 bradykinin receptors partially abolished the antinociceptive action of BK (80 ng/paw), bremazocine (1 μg/paw) and anandamide (40 ng/paw) when compared with wild-type animals, which show complete antinociception with the same dose of each drug. CONCLUSION The present study is the first to demonstrate BK-induced antinociception in peripheral tissues against PGE2-induced nociception in mice and the involvement of κ-opioid and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Lamounier de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Nogueira Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thiago Roberto Lima Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Igor Dimitri Gama Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Gaisberger M, Fuchs J, Riedl M, Edtinger S, Reischl R, Grasmann G, Hölzl B, Landauer F, Dobias H, Eckstein F, Offenbächer M, Ritter M, Winklmayr M. Endogenous anandamide and self-reported pain are significantly reduced after a 2-week multimodal treatment with and without radon therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1151-1160. [PMID: 33649972 PMCID: PMC8213596 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal therapies comprising spa applications are widely used as non-pharmaceutical treatment options for musculoskeletal diseases. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, open pilot study was to elucidate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in a multimodal therapy approach. Twenty-five elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) received a 2-week spa therapy with or without combination of low-dose radon therapy in the Bad Gastein radon gallery. A 10-point numerical rating scale (pain in motion and at rest), WOMAC questionnaire, and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire were recorded at baseline, and during treatment period at weeks one and two, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) were determined at baseline and at 2 weeks, and serum levels of several cartilage metabolism markers at all five time-points. A significant and sustained reduction of self-reported knee pain was observed in the study population, but no further significant effect of the additional radon therapy up and above base therapy. This pain reduction was accompanied by a significant reduction of AEA plasma levels during treatment in both groups. No significant differences were seen in serum marker concentrations between the groups treated with or without radon, but a small reduction of serum cartilage degradation markers was observed during treatment in both groups. This is the first study investigating AEA levels in the context of a non-pharmacological OA treatment. Since the endocannabinoid system represents a potential target for the development of new therapeutics, further studies will have to elucidate its involvement in OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gaisberger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J. Fuchs
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M. Riedl
- Dept. of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S. Edtinger
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum, Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria
| | - R. Reischl
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G. Grasmann
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B. Hölzl
- Department of Internal Med., Landesklinik St. Veit im Pongau, SALK, Paracelsus Med. Univ., Salzburg, Austria
| | - F. Landauer
- Dept. of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H. Dobias
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F. Eckstein
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria
- Chondrometrics GmbH, Ainring, Germany
| | | | - M. Ritter
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M. Winklmayr
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Laksmidewi AAAP, Soejitno A. Endocannabinoid and dopaminergic system: the pas de deux underlying human motivation and behaviors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:615-630. [PMID: 33712975 PMCID: PMC8105194 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been identified ever since cannabinoid, an active substance of Cannabis, was known to interact with endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid/eCB) receptors. It later turned out that eCB was more intricate than previously thought. It has a pervasive role and exerts a multitude of cellular signaling mechanisms, regulating various physiological neurotransmission pathways in the human brain, including the dopaminergic (DA) system. eCB roles toward DA system were robust, clearly delineated, and reproducible with respect to physiological as well as pathological neurochemical and neurobehavioral manifestations of DA system, particularly those involving the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways. The eCB–DA system regulates the basics in the Maslow’s pyramid of hierarchy of needs required for individual survival such as food and sexual activity for reproductive purpose to those of higher needs in the pyramid, including self-actualization behaviors leading to achievement and reward (e.g., academic- and/or work-related performance and achievements). It is, thus, interesting to specifically discuss the eCB–DA system, not only on the molecular level, but also its tremendous potential to be developed as a future therapeutic strategy for various neuropsychiatric problems, including obesity, drug addiction and withdrawal, pathological hypersexuality, or low motivation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Putri Laksmidewi
- Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Division, Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Andreas Soejitno
- Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Division, Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
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Graczyk M, Łukowicz M, Dzierzanowski T. Prospects for the Use of Cannabinoids in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:620073. [PMID: 33776815 PMCID: PMC7994770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests an essential role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating cognitive abilities, mood, stress, and sleep. The psychoactive effects of cannabis are described as euphoric, calming, anxiolytic, and sleep-inducing and positively affect the mood, but can also adversely affect therapy. The responses to cannabinoid medications depend on the patient's endocannabinoid system activity, the proportion of phytocannabinoids, the terpenoid composition, and the dose used. There is some evidence for a therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids in psychiatric conditions. THC and CBD may have opposing effects on anxiety. Current guidelines recommend caution in using THC in patients with anxiety or mood disorders. In a small number of clinical trials, cannabinoids used to treat cancer, HIV, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, Crohn's disease, and chronic neuropathic pain report decreases in anxiety or depression symptoms and presented sedative and anxiolytic effects. Several studies have investigated the influence of potential genetic factors on psychosis and schizophrenia development after cannabis use. THC may increase the risk of psychosis, especially in young patients with an immature central nervous system. There is limited evidence from clinical trials that cannabinoids are effective therapy for sleep disorders associated with concomitant conditions. There is evidence for a possible role of cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and drugs, also in the context of the risks of opioid use (e.g., opioid-related mortality). In this narrative review of the recent evidence, we discuss the prospects of using the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids in treating mental and psychiatric disorders. However, this evidence is weak for some clinical conditions and well-designed randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Furthermore, some disorders may be worsened by cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Graczyk
- Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Łukowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital in Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dzierzanowski
- Laboratory of Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mohammadkhani A, Borgland SL. Cellular and behavioral basis of cannabinioid and opioid interactions: Implications for opioid dependence and withdrawal. J Neurosci Res 2020; 100:278-296. [PMID: 33352618 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The brain's endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid systems are neuromodulatory of synaptic transmission, and play key roles in pain, memory, reward, and addiction. Recent clinical and pre-clinical evidence suggests that opioid use may be reduced with cannabinoid intake. This suggests the presence of a functional interaction between these two systems. Emerging research indicates that cannabinoids and opioids can functionally interact at different levels. At the cellular level, opioid and cannabinoids can have direct receptor associations, alterations in endogenous opioid peptide or cannabinoid release, or post-receptor activation interactions via shared signal transduction pathways. At the systems level, the nature of cannabinoid and opioid interaction might differ in brain circuits underlying different behavioral phenomenon, including reward-seeking or antinociception. Given the rising use of opioid and cannabinoid drugs, a better understanding of how these endogenous signaling systems interact in the brain is of significant interest. This review focuses on the potential relationship of these neural systems in addiction-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadkhani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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12
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Ozdemir E. The Role of the Cannabinoid System in Opioid Analgesia and Tolerance. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:875-885. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200313120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptor agonist drugs, such as morphine, are very effective for treating chronic and severe pain; but, tolerance can develop with long-term use. Although there is a lot of information about the pathophysiological mechanisms of opioid tolerance, it is still not fully clarified. Suggested mechanisms for opioid tolerance include opioid receptor desensitisation, reduction of sensitivity G-proteins, activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), altered intracellular signaling pathway including nitric oxide, and activation of mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). One way to reduce opioid tolerance and increase the analgesic potential is to use low doses. Combination of cannabinoids with opioids has been shown to manifest the reduction of the opioid dose. Experimental studies revealed an interaction of the endocannabinoid system and opioid antinociception. Cannabinoid and opioid receptor systems use common pathways in the formation of analgesic effect and demonstrate their activity via G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR). Cannabinoid drugs modulate opioid analgesic activity at a number of distinct levels within the cell, ranging from direct receptor associations to post-receptor interactions through shared signal transduction pathways. This review summarizes the data indicating that with combining cannabinoids and opioids drugs may be able to produce long-term analgesic effects, while preventing the opioid analgesic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Ozdemir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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Cifani C, Avagliano C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Giusepponi ME, De Caro C, Cristiano C, La Rana G, Botticelli L, Romano A, Calignano A, Gaetani S, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Russo R. Modulation of Pain Sensitivity by Chronic Consumption of Highly Palatable Food Followed by Abstinence: Emerging Role of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32231568 PMCID: PMC7086305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between palatable diet and pain sensitivity, and the cannabinoid and opioid systems might play an important role in this correlation. The palatable diet used in many animal models of obesity is the cafeteria (CAF) diet, based on human food with high sugar, salt, and fat content. In this study, we investigated whether long-term exposure to a CAF diet could modify pain sensitivity and explored the role of the cannabinergic system in this modification. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: one fed with standard chow only (CO) and the other with extended access (EA) to a CAF diet. Hot plate and tail flick tests were used to evaluate pain sensitivity. At the end of a 40-day CAF exposure, EA rats showed a significant increase in the pain threshold compared to CO rats, finding probably due to up-regulation of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors. Instead, during abstinence from palatable foods, EA animals showed a significant increase in pain sensibility, which was ameliorated by repeated treatment with a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, PF-3845 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), every other day for 28 days. Ex vivo analysis of the brains of these rats clearly showed that this effect was mediated by mu-opioid receptors, which were up-regulated following repeated treatment of PF-3845. Our data add to the knowledge about changes in pain perception in obese subjects, revealing a key role of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors and their possible pharmacological crosstalk and reinforcing the need to consider this modulation in planning effective pain management for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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14
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Schiavi S, Manduca A, Segatto M, Campolongo P, Pallottini V, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Trezza V. Unidirectional opioid-cannabinoid cross-tolerance in the modulation of social play behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2557-2568. [PMID: 30903212 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The endocannabinoid and the endogenous opioid systems interact in the modulation of social play behavior, a highly rewarding social activity abundantly expressed in young mammals. Prolonged exposure to opioid or cannabinoid receptor agonists induces cross-tolerance or cross-sensitization to their acute behavioral effects. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Behavioral and biochemical experiments were performed to investigate whether cross-tolerance or cross-sensitization occurs to the play-enhancing effects of cannabinoid and opioid drugs on social play behavior, and the possible brain substrate involved. RESULTS The play-enhancing effects induced by systemic administration of JZL184, which inhibits the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-AG, were suppressed in animals repeatedly pretreated with the opioid receptor agonist morphine. Conversely, acute morphine administration increased social play in rats pretreated with vehicle or with either JZL184 or the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2. Acute administration of JZL184 increased the activation of both CB1 receptors and their effector Akt in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, brain regions important for the expression of social play. These effects were absent in animals pretreated with morphine. Furthermore, only animals repeatedly treated with morphine and acutely administered with JZL184 showed reduced activation of CB1 receptors and Akt in the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates a dynamic opioid-cannabinoid interaction in the modulation of social play behavior, occurring in limbic brain areas strongly implicated in social play behavior. A better understanding of opioid-cannabinoid interactions in social play contributes to clarify neurobiological aspects of social behavior at young age, which may provide new therapeutic targets for social dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schiavi
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Manduca
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University "Roma Tre", Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Baron EP. Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science. Headache 2019; 58:1139-1186. [PMID: 30152161 DOI: 10.1111/head.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain. OBJECTIVE Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Baron
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Restoration - Headache and Chronic Pain Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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16
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Abstract
Introduction: The opioid epidemic has become an immense problem in North America, and despite decades of research on the most effective means to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose deaths are at an all-time high, and relapse remains pervasive. Discussion: Although there are a number of FDA-approved opioid replacement therapies and maintenance medications to help ease the severity of opioid withdrawal symptoms and aid in relapse prevention, these medications are not risk free nor are they successful for all patients. Furthermore, there are legal and logistical bottlenecks to obtaining traditional opioid replacement therapies such as methadone or buprenorphine, and the demand for these services far outweighs the supply and access. To fill the gap between efficacious OUD treatments and the widespread prevalence of misuse, relapse, and overdose, the development of novel, alternative, or adjunct OUD treatment therapies is highly warranted. In this article, we review emerging evidence that suggests that cannabis may play a role in ameliorating the impact of OUD. Herein, we highlight knowledge gaps and discuss cannabis' potential to prevent opioid misuse (as an analgesic alternative), alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms, and decrease the likelihood of relapse. Conclusion: The compelling nature of these data and the relative safety profile of cannabis warrant further exploration of cannabis as an adjunct or alternative treatment for OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Wiese
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri–St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adrianne R. Wilson-Poe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Demin KA, Meshalkina DA, Kysil EV, Antonova KA, Volgin AD, Yakovlev OA, Alekseeva PA, Firuleva MM, Lakstygal AM, de Abreu MS, Barcellos LJG, Bao W, Friend AJ, Amstislavskaya TG, Rosemberg DB, Musienko PE, Song C, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models relevant to studying central opioid and endocannabinoid systems. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:301-312. [PMID: 29604314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid and opioid systems are two interplaying neurotransmitter systems that modulate drug abuse, anxiety, pain, cognition, neurogenesis and immune activity. Although they are involved in such critical functions, our understanding of endocannabinoid and opioid physiology remains limited, necessitating further studies, novel models and new model organisms in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly emerging as one of the most effective translational models in neuroscience and biological psychiatry. Due to their high physiological and genetic homology to humans, zebrafish may be effectively used to study the endocannabinoid and opioid systems. Here, we discuss current models used to target the endocannabinoid and opioid systems in zebrafish, and their potential use in future translational research and high-throughput drug screening. Emphasizing the high degree of conservation of the endocannabinoid and opioid systems in zebrafish and mammals, we suggest zebrafish as an excellent model organism to study these systems and to search for the new drugs and therapies targeting their evolutionarily conserved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya A Meshalkina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elana V Kysil
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina A Antonova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Medical Military Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg A Yakovlev
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Medical Military Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Alekseeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria M Firuleva
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Programs in Environmental Sciences, and Bio-Experimentation, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Wandong Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ashton J Friend
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Neuroscience Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pavel E Musienko
- Laboratory of Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Motor Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Experimental Neurorehabilitation, St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthysiopulmonology, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Neuroscience Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Aquatic Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Mitchell MR, Berridge KC, Mahler SV. Endocannabinoid-Enhanced "Liking" in Nucleus Accumbens Shell Hedonic Hotspot Requires Endogenous Opioid Signals. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:166-170. [PMID: 30069500 PMCID: PMC6069591 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Stimulating either endogenous cannabinoids or opioids within a restricted dorsomedial “hedonic hotspot” in nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell enhances hedonic impact, or “liking” reactions to sweet tastes. In this study, we probed within this hotspot the relationship between endocannabinoid and opioid signals in hedonic enhancement. Materials and Methods: Specifically, we asked whether enhancement of sucrose “liking” by intra-NAc microinjections of the endocannabinoid anandamide requires concurrent endogenous opioid signaling. Results: Co-administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone in the same NAc microinjections with anandamide prevented the endocannabinoid from enhancing orofacial “liking” reactions to sucrose. Since intra-NAc hotspot naloxone injection alone failed to affect hedonics, reversal of anandamide-induced “liking” by opioid blockade reveals an interdependence of opioid and cannabinoid signaling in enhancing taste hedonic impact. Conclusions: These results elaborate our understanding of the mechanisms of hedonic processing of food rewards, and may also carry implications more generally for how opioid and cannabinoid drugs interact to generate natural pleasures, or drug-induced euphoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marci R Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kent C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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Baron EP, Lucas P, Eades J, Hogue O. Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort. J Headache Pain 2018; 19:37. [PMID: 29797104 PMCID: PMC5968020 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal cannabis registries typically report pain as the most common reason for use. It would be clinically useful to identify patterns of cannabis treatment in migraine and headache, as compared to arthritis and chronic pain, and to analyze preferred cannabis strains, biochemical profiles, and prescription medication substitutions with cannabis. METHODS Via electronic survey in medicinal cannabis patients with headache, arthritis, and chronic pain, demographics and patterns of cannabis use including methods, frequency, quantity, preferred strains, cannabinoid and terpene profiles, and prescription substitutions were recorded. Cannabis use for migraine among headache patients was assessed via the ID Migraine™ questionnaire, a validated screen used to predict the probability of migraine. RESULTS Of 2032 patients, 21 illnesses were treated with cannabis. Pain syndromes accounted for 42.4% (n = 861) overall; chronic pain 29.4% (n = 598;), arthritis 9.3% (n = 188), and headache 3.7% (n = 75;). Across all 21 illnesses, headache was a symptom treated with cannabis in 24.9% (n = 505). These patients were given the ID Migraine™ questionnaire, with 68% (n = 343) giving 3 "Yes" responses, 20% (n = 102) giving 2 "Yes" responses (97% and 93% probability of migraine, respectively). Therefore, 88% (n = 445) of headache patients were treating probable migraine with cannabis. Hybrid strains were most preferred across all pain subtypes, with "OG Shark" the most preferred strain in the ID Migraine™ and headache groups. Many pain patients substituted prescription medications with cannabis (41.2-59.5%), most commonly opiates/opioids (40.5-72.8%). Prescription substitution in headache patients included opiates/opioids (43.4%), anti-depressant/anti-anxiety (39%), NSAIDs (21%), triptans (8.1%), anti-convulsants (7.7%), muscle relaxers (7%), ergots (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS Chronic pain was the most common reason for cannabis use, consistent with most registries. The majority of headache patients treating with cannabis were positive for migraine. Hybrid strains were preferred in ID Migraine™, headache, and most pain groups, with "OG Shark", a high THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol)/THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), low CBD (cannabidiol)/CBDA (cannabidiolic acid), strain with predominant terpenes β-caryophyllene and β-myrcene, most preferred in the headache and ID Migraine™ groups. This could reflect the potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-emetic properties of THC, with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of β-caryophyllene and β-myrcene. Opiates/opioids were most commonly substituted with cannabis. Prospective studies are needed, but results may provide early insight into optimizing crossbred cannabis strains, synergistic biochemical profiles, dosing, and patterns of use in the treatment of headache, migraine, and chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Baron
- Center for Neurological Restoration - Headache and Chronic Pain Medicine, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, 10524 Euclid Avenue, C21, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Philippe Lucas
- Tilray, 1100 Maughan Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9X 1J2 Canada
- Social Dimensions of Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, 2300 McKenzie Ave, Victoria, BC V8N 5M8 Canada
| | - Joshua Eades
- Tilray, 1100 Maughan Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9X 1J2 Canada
| | - Olivia Hogue
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, JJN3, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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20
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Wenzel JM, Cheer JF. Endocannabinoid Regulation of Reward and Reinforcement through Interaction with Dopamine and Endogenous Opioid Signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:103-115. [PMID: 28653666 PMCID: PMC5719091 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (eCB) is implicated in the mediation of both reward and reinforcement. This is evidenced by the ability of exogenous cannabinoid drugs to produce hedonia and maintain self-administration in both human and animal subjects. eCBs similarly facilitate behaviors motivated by reward through interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) and endogenous opioid systems. Indeed, eCB signaling in the ventral tegmental area stimulates activation of midbrain DA cells and promotes DA release in terminal regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). DA transmission mediates several aspects of reinforced behavior, such as motivation, incentive salience, and cost-benefit calculations. However, much research suggests that endogenous opioid signaling underlies the hedonic aspects of reward. eCBs and their receptors functionally interact with opioid systems within the NAc to support reward, most likely through augmenting DA release. This review explores the interaction of these systems as it relates to reward and reinforcement and examines current literature regarding their role in food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wenzel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF I, Room 280J, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA, Tel: +1 410 7060112, Fax: +1 410 7062512, E-mail:
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Panlilio LV, Justinova Z. Preclinical Studies of Cannabinoid Reward, Treatments for Cannabis Use Disorder, and Addiction-Related Effects of Cannabinoid Exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:116-141. [PMID: 28845848 PMCID: PMC5719102 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use has become increasingly accepted socially and legally, for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Without reliable information about the effects of cannabis, people cannot make informed decisions regarding its use. Like alcohol and tobacco, cannabis can have serious adverse effects on health, and some people have difficulty discontinuing their use of the drug. Many cannabis users progress to using and becoming addicted to other drugs, but the reasons for this progression are unclear. The natural cannabinoid system of the brain is complex and involved in many functions, including brain development, reward, emotion, and cognition. Animal research provides an objective and controlled means of obtaining information about: (1) how cannabis affects the brain and behavior, (2) whether medications can be developed to treat cannabis use disorder, and (3) whether cannabis might produce lasting changes in the brain that increase the likelihood of becoming addicted to other drugs. This review explains the tactics used to address these issues, evaluates the progress that has been made, and offers some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh V Panlilio
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA,Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +1 443 740 2521, Fax: +1 443 740 2733, E-mail:
| | - Zuzana Justinova
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pitsilis G, Spyridakos D, Nomikos GG, Panagis G. Adolescent Female Cannabinoid Exposure Diminishes the Reward-Facilitating Effects of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and d-Amphetamine in the Adult Male Offspring. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:225. [PMID: 28487656 PMCID: PMC5404657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marijuana is currently the most commonly abused illicit drug. According to recent studies, cannabinoid use occurring prior to pregnancy can impact brain plasticity and behavior in future generations. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether adolescent exposure of female rats to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) induces transgenerational effects on the reward-facilitating effects of Δ9-THC and d-amphetamine in their adult male offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received Δ9-THC (0.1 or 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle during postnatal days 28–50. As adults, females were mated with drug-naïve males. We then assessed potential alterations of the Δ9-THC’s (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and d-amphetamine’s (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) reward-modifying effects using the curve-shift variant of the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure in their adult male F1 offspring. The reward-facilitating effect of the 0.1 mg dose of Δ9-THC was abolished in the F1 offspring of females that were exposed to Δ9-THC (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), whereas the reward-attenuating effect of the 1 mg dose of Δ9-THC remained unaltered. The reward-facilitating effects of 0.5 and 1 mg of d-amphetamine were significantly decreased in the F1 offspring of females that were exposed to Δ9-THC (1 mg/kg and 0.1 or 1 mg, respectively). The present results reveal that female Δ9-THC exposure during adolescence can diminish the reward-facilitating effects of Δ9-THC and d-amphetamine in the adult male offspring. These transgenerational effects occur in the absence of in utero exposure. It is speculated that Δ9-THC exposure during female adolescence may affect neural mechanisms that are shaping reward-related behavioral responses in a subsequent generation, as indicated by the shifts in the reward-facilitating effects of commonly used and abused drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pitsilis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of CreteRethymno, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Spyridakos
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of CreteRethymno, Greece
| | | | - George Panagis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of CreteRethymno, Greece
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Mollica A, Pelliccia S, Famiglini V, Stefanucci A, Macedonio G, Chiavaroli A, Orlando G, Brunetti L, Ferrante C, Pieretti S, Novellino E, Benyhe S, Zador F, Erdei A, Szucs E, Samavati R, Dvrorasko S, Tomboly C, Ragno R, Patsilinakos A, Silvestri R. Exploring the first Rimonabant analog-opioid peptide hybrid compound, as bivalent ligand for CB1 and opioid receptors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:444-451. [PMID: 28097916 PMCID: PMC6009935 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1260565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid (CB) and opioid systems are both involved in analgesia, food intake, mood and behavior. Due to the co-localization of µ-opioid (MOR) and CB1 receptors in various regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and their ability to form heterodimers, bivalent ligands targeting to both these systems may be good candidates to investigate the existence of possible cross-talking or synergistic effects, also at sub-effective doses. In this work, we selected from a small series of new Rimonabant analogs one CB1R reverse agonist to be conjugated to the opioid fragment Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2. The bivalent compound (9) has been used for in vitro binding assays, for in vivo antinociception models and in vitro hypothalamic perfusion test, to evaluate the neurotransmitters release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- b Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Valeria Famiglini
- b Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- c Dipartimento del Farmaco , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- d Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Sandor Benyhe
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zador
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Edina Szucs
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Reza Samavati
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Szalbolch Dvrorasko
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csaba Tomboly
- e Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Rino Ragno
- f Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,g Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l , Roma , Italy
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- f Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,g Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l , Roma , Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- b Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
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Neuromodulatory effects of the dorsal hippocampal endocannabinoid system in dextromethorphan/morphine-induced amnesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 794:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 prevented tolerance and cognitive deficits induced by chronic morphine administration in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:37-43. [PMID: 26274041 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the endocannabinoid metabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase exert therapeutic effects, but might also be associated with some of the adverse effects of cannabis. However, at least one fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, has beneficial effects without signs of abuse or dependence. Although previous investigations have evaluated URB597-morphine interactions, the effects of URB597 on morphine tolerance and cognition deficits have not been studied previously. Rats were rendered tolerant to or dependent on morphine by an injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneous) twice daily, respectively, for 7 or 10 days. URB597 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered before morphine. The tail-flick and passive avoidance learning tests were used to evaluate tolerance and cognition. Chronic morphine injection led to significant tolerance to the antinociceptive effect on days 5 and 7. URB597 completely prevented the development of morphine tolerance. URB597 also enhanced memory acquisition in the passive avoidance learning test, and although morphine impaired memory, URB597 alleviated this effect. These data show that URB597 protects against tolerance and memory deficits in chronic usage of morphine and suggests URB597 as a promising candidate for the treatment of adverse effects of opioids.
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Wills KL, Parker LA. Effect of Pharmacological Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System on Opiate Withdrawal: A Review of the Preclinical Animal Literature. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:187. [PMID: 27445822 PMCID: PMC4923145 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, animal studies have revealed a role for the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of multiple aspects of opiate addiction. The current review provides an overview of this literature in regards to opiate withdrawal. The opiate withdrawal syndrome, hypothesized to act as a negative reinforcer in mediating continued drug use, can be characterized by the emergence of spontaneous or precipitated aversive somatic and affective states following the termination of drug use. The behaviors measured to quantify somatic opiate withdrawal and the paradigms employed to assess affective opiate withdrawal (e.g., conditioned place aversion) in both acutely and chronically dependent animals are discussed in relation to the ability of the endocannabinoid system to modulate these behaviors. Additionally, the brain regions mediating somatic and affective opiate withdrawal are elucidated with respect to their modulation by the endocannabinoid system. Ultimately, a review of these findings reveals dissociations between the brain regions mediating somatic and affective opiate withdrawal, and the ability of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor agonism/antagonism to interfere with opiate withdrawal within different brain sub regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri L Wills
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada
| | - Linda A Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada
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Edwards A, Abizaid A. Driving the need to feed: Insight into the collaborative interaction between ghrelin and endocannabinoid systems in modulating brain reward systems. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 66:33-53. [PMID: 27136126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Independent stimulation of either the ghrelin or endocannabinoid system promotes food intake and increases adiposity. Given the similar distribution of their receptors in feeding associated brain regions and organs involved in metabolism, it is not surprising that evidence of their interaction and its importance in modulating energy balance has emerged. This review documents the relationship between ghrelin and endocannabinoid systems within the periphery and hypothalamus (HYP) before presenting evidence suggesting that these two systems likewise work collaboratively within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to modulate non-homeostatic feeding. Mechanisms, consistent with current evidence and local infrastructure within the VTA, will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a, a Peptide from Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Venom, Shows Antinociceptive Effect Involving Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems, in Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:106. [PMID: 27077886 PMCID: PMC4848632 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PnTx4(6-1), henceforth renamed δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a (δ-CNTX-Pn1a), a peptide from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom, initially described as an insect toxin, binds to site 3 of sodium channels in nerve cord synaptosomes and slows down sodium current inactivation in isolated axons in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). δ-CNTX-Pn1a does not cause any apparent toxicity to mice, when intracerebroventricularly injected (30 μg). In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of δ-CNTX-Pn1a in three animal pain models and investigated its mechanism of action in acute pain. In the inflammatory pain model, induced by carrageenan, δ-CNTX-Pn1a restored the nociceptive threshold of rats, when intraplantarly injected, 2 h and 30 min after carrageenan administration. Concerning the neuropathic pain model, δ-CNTX-Pn1a, when intrathecally administered, reversed the hyperalgesia evoked by sciatic nerve constriction. In the acute pain model, induced by prostaglandin E2, intrathecal administration of δ-CNTX-Pn1a caused a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. Using antagonists of the receptors, we showed that the antinociceptive effect of δ-CNTX-Pn1a involves both the cannabinoid system, through CB1 receptors, and the opioid system, through μ and δ receptors. Our data show, for the first time, that δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a is able to induce antinociception in inflammatory, neuropathic and acute pain models.
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Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Baraldi PG, Borea PA, Varani K. Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonists. Chem Rev 2016; 116:519-60. [PMID: 26741146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Medical Science, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara , Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Medical Science, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara , Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Medical Science, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara , Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Medical Science, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara , Ferrara 44121, Italy
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Zádor F, Wollemann M. Receptome: Interactions between three pain-related receptors or the "Triumvirate" of cannabinoid, opioid and TRPV1 receptors. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:254-63. [PMID: 26520391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of data demonstrates the interactions between cannabinoid, opioid and the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors. These interactions can be bidirectional, inhibitory or excitatory, acute or chronic in their nature, and arise both at the molecular level (structurally and functionally) and in physiological processes, such as pain modulation or perception. The interactions of these three pain-related receptors may also reserve important and new therapeutic applications for the treatment of chronic pain or inflammation. In this review, we summarize the main findings on the interactions between the cannabinoid, opioid and the TRPV1 receptor regarding to pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Maria Wollemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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The effects of dronabinol during detoxification and the initiation of treatment with extended release naltrexone. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 154:38-45. [PMID: 26187456 PMCID: PMC4536087 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the cannabinoid system is involved in the maintenance of opioid dependence. We examined whether dronabinol, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 partial agonist, reduces opioid withdrawal and increases retention in treatment with extended release naltrexone (XR-naltrexone). METHODS Opioid dependent participants were randomized to receive dronabinol 30mg/d (n=40) or placebo (n=20), under double-blind conditions, while they underwent inpatient detoxification and naltrexone induction. Before discharge all participants received an injection of XR-naltrexone, with an additional dose given four weeks later. Dronabinol or placebo was given while inpatient and for 5 weeks afterwards. The primary outcomes were the severity of opioid withdrawal, measured with the Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale, and retention in treatment at the end of the inpatient phase and at the end of the 8-week trial. RESULTS The severity of opioid withdrawal during inpatient phase was lower in the dronabinol group relative to placebo group (p=0.006). Rates of successful induction onto XR-naltrexone (dronabinol 66%, placebo 55%) and completion of treatment (dronabinol 35%, placebo 35%) were not significantly different. Post hoc analysis showed that the 32% of participants who smoked marijuana regularly during the outpatient phase had significantly lower ratings of insomnia and anxiety and were more likely to complete the 8-week trial. CONCLUSION Dronabinol reduced the severity of opiate withdrawal during acute detoxification but had no effect on rates of XR-naltrexone treatment induction and retention. Participants who elected to smoke marijuana during the trial were more likely to complete treatment regardless of treatment group assignment.
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Baron EP. Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been …. Headache 2015; 55:885-916. [PMID: 26015168 DOI: 10.1111/head.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of cannabis, or marijuana, for medicinal purposes is deeply rooted though history, dating back to ancient times. It once held a prominent position in the history of medicine, recommended by many eminent physicians for numerous diseases, particularly headache and migraine. Through the decades, this plant has taken a fascinating journey from a legal and frequently prescribed status to illegal, driven by political and social factors rather than by science. However, with an abundance of growing support for its multitude of medicinal uses, the misguided stigma of cannabis is fading, and there has been a dramatic push for legalizing medicinal cannabis and research. Almost half of the United States has now legalized medicinal cannabis, several states have legalized recreational use, and others have legalized cannabidiol-only use, which is one of many therapeutic cannabinoids extracted from cannabis. Physicians need to be educated on the history, pharmacology, clinical indications, and proper clinical use of cannabis, as patients will inevitably inquire about it for many diseases, including chronic pain and headache disorders for which there is some intriguing supportive evidence. OBJECTIVE To review the history of medicinal cannabis use, discuss the pharmacology and physiology of the endocannabinoid system and cannabis-derived cannabinoids, perform a comprehensive literature review of the clinical uses of medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids with a focus on migraine and other headache disorders, and outline general clinical practice guidelines. CONCLUSION The literature suggests that the medicinal use of cannabis may have a therapeutic role for a multitude of diseases, particularly chronic pain disorders including headache. Supporting literature suggests a role for medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids in several types of headache disorders including migraine and cluster headache, although it is primarily limited to case based, anecdotal, or laboratory-based scientific research. Cannabis contains an extensive number of pharmacological and biochemical compounds, of which only a minority are understood, so many potential therapeutic uses likely remain undiscovered. Cannabinoids appear to modulate and interact at many pathways inherent to migraine, triptan mechanisms ofaction, and opiate pathways, suggesting potential synergistic or similar benefits. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system through agonism or antagonism of its receptors, targeting its metabolic pathways, or combining cannabinoids with other analgesics for synergistic effects, may provide the foundation for many new classes of medications. Despite the limited evidence and research suggesting a role for cannabis and cannabinoids in some headache disorders, randomized clinical trials are lacking and necessary for confirmation and further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Baron
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Befort K. Interactions of the opioid and cannabinoid systems in reward: Insights from knockout studies. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:6. [PMID: 25698968 PMCID: PMC4318341 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides (enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins). The endogenous cannabinoid system comprises lipid neuromodulators (endocannabinoids), enzymes for their synthesis and their degradation and two well-characterized receptors, cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. These systems play a major role in the control of pain as well as in mood regulation, reward processing and the development of addiction. Both opioid and cannabinoid receptors are coupled to G proteins and are expressed throughout the brain reinforcement circuitry. Extending classical pharmacology, research using genetically modified mice has provided important progress in the identification of the specific contribution of each component of these endogenous systems in vivo on reward process. This review will summarize available genetic tools and our present knowledge on the consequences of gene knockout on reinforced behaviors in both systems, with a focus on their potential interactions. A better understanding of opioid-cannabinoid interactions may provide novel strategies for therapies in addicted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Befort
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives - UMR7364, Faculté de Psychologie, Neuropôle de Strasbourg - Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
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Sagheddu C, Muntoni AL, Pistis M, Melis M. Endocannabinoid Signaling in Motivation, Reward, and Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 125:257-302. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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D’Addario C, Micioni Di Bonaventura M, Pucci M, Romano A, Gaetani S, Ciccocioppo R, Cifani C, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling and food addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:203-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Friemel CM, Zimmer A, Schneider M. The CB1 receptor as an important mediator of hedonic reward processing. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2387-96. [PMID: 24718372 PMCID: PMC4138748 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (ECB) system has emerged recently as a key mediator for reward processing. It is well known that cannabinoids affect appetitive learning processes and can induce reinforcing and rewarding effects. However, the involvement of the ECB system in hedonic aspects of reward-related behavior is not completely understood. With the present study, we investigated the modulatory role of the ECB system on hedonic perception, measured by the pleasure attenuated startle (PAS) paradigm for a palatable food reward. Here, a conditioned odor is thought to induce a pleasant affective state that attenuates an aversive reflex-the acoustic startle response. Modulatory effects of the CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist SR1411716 and the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55 212-2 on PAS were examined in rats. PAS was also measured in CB1 receptor knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Pharmacological inhibition as well as the absence of CB1 receptors was found to reduce PAS, whereas WIN 55 212-2 administration increased PAS. Finally, presentation of a conditioned reward cue was found to induce striatal FosB/ΔFosB expression in WT mice, but not in KO mice, indicating a reduced stimulation of reward-related brain regions in conditioned KO mice by odor presentation. We here show that in addition to our previous studies in rats, PAS may also serve as a valuable and suitable measure to assess hedonic processing in mice. Our data further indicate that the ECB system, and in particular CB1 receptor signaling, appears to be highly important for the mediation of hedonic aspects of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Friemel
- Reseach Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Schneider
- Reseach Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Reseach Group Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany, Tel: +1 49 621 17036269, Fax: +1 49 621 17036255, E-mail:
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Jiang J, Wang D, Zhou X, Huo Y, Chen T, Hu F, Quirion R, Hong Y. Effect of Mas-related gene (Mrg) receptors on hyperalgesia in rats with CFA-induced inflammation via direct and indirect mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1027-40. [PMID: 23909597 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mas oncogene-related gene (Mrg) receptors are exclusively distributed in small-sized neurons in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We investigated the effects of MrgC receptor activation on inflammatory hyperalgesia and its mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A selective MrgC receptor agonist, bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) or the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist CTAP was administered intrathecally (i.t.) in rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in one hindpaw. Thermal and mechanical nociceptive responses were assessed. Neurochemicals were measured by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, ELISA and RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS CFA injection increased mRNA for MrgC receptors in lumbar DRG. BAM8-22 or MSH, given i.t., generated instant short and delayed long-lasting attenuations of CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia, but not mechanical allodynia. These effects were associated with decreased up-regulation of neuronal NOS (nNOS), CGRP and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn and/or DRG. However, i.t. administration of CTAP blocked the induction by BAM8-22 of delayed anti-hyperalgesia and inhibition of nNOS and CGRP expression in DRG. BAM8-22 also increased mRNA for MORs and pro-opiomelanocortin, along with β-endorphin content in the lumbar spinal cord and/or DRG. MrgC receptors and nNOS were co-localized in DRG neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of MrgC receptors suppressed up-regulation of pronociceptive mediators and consequently inhibited inflammatory pain, because of the activation of up-regulated MrgC receptors and subsequent endogenous activity at MORs. The uniquely distributed MrgC receptors could be a novel target for relieving inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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40
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Strain differences in the expression of endocannabinoid genes and in cannabinoid receptor binding in the brain of Lewis and Fischer 344 rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:15-22. [PMID: 24607771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rat strains have been proposed as a model to study certain genetic influences on drug use. These strains differ in terms of the self-administration of several drugs, and in their expression of various components of the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and endogenous opioid neurotransmitter systems. As the endocannabinoid system is linked to these systems, we investigated whether these two strains exhibit differences in cannabinoid receptor binding and in the expression of cannabinoid-related genes. Quantitative autoradiography of [(3)H]-CP 55,940 binding levels and real-time PCR assays were used. F344 rats displayed higher levels of cannabinoid receptor binding in the lateral globus pallidus and weaker CNR1 gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFc) than LEW rats. Moreover, the N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D/fatty acid amide hydrolase ratio was greater in the PFc and NAcc of F344 rats. Our results suggest that the endocannabinoid system may be a mediator of the individual differences that exist in the susceptibility to the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse.
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Scavone JL, Sterling RC, Weinstein SP, Van Bockstaele EJ. Impact of cannabis use during stabilization on methadone maintenance treatment. Am J Addict 2014; 22:344-51. [PMID: 23795873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Illicit drug use, particularly of cannabis, is common among opiate-dependent individuals and has the potential to impact treatment in a negative manner. METHODS To examine this, patterns of cannabis use prior to and during methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) were examined to assess possible cannabis-related effects on MMT, particularly during methadone stabilization. Retrospective chart analysis was used to examine outpatient records of patients undergoing MMT (n = 91), focusing specifically on past and present cannabis use and its association with opiate abstinence, methadone dose stabilization, and treatment compliance. RESULTS Objective rates of cannabis use were high during methadone induction, dropping significantly following dose stabilization. History of cannabis use correlated with cannabis use during MMT but did not negatively impact the methadone induction process. Pilot data also suggested that objective ratings of opiate withdrawal decrease in MMT patients using cannabis during stabilization. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The present findings may point to novel interventions to be employed during treatment for opiate dependence that specifically target cannabinoid-opioid system interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Scavone
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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Desroches J, Bouchard JF, Gendron L, Beaulieu P. Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in peripheral and spinal morphine analgesia. Neuroscience 2014; 261:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Machado FC, Zambelli VO, Fernandes ACO, Heimann AS, Cury Y, Picolo G. Peripheral interactions between cannabinoid and opioid systems contribute to the antinociceptive effect of crotalphine. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:961-72. [PMID: 24460677 PMCID: PMC3925035 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Crotalphine is an antinociceptive peptide that, despite its opioid-like activity, does not induce some of the characteristic side effects of opioids, and its amino acid sequence has no homology to any known opioid peptide. Here, we evaluated the involvement of the peripheral cannabinoid system in the crotalphine effect and its interaction with the opioid system. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hyperalgesia was evaluated using the rat paw pressure test. Involvement of the cannabinoid system was determined using a selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist. Cannabinoid and opioid receptor activation were evaluated in paw slices by immunofluorescence assays using conformation state-sensitive antibodies. The release of endogenous opioid peptides from skin tissue was measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). KEY RESULTS Both p.o. (0.008-1.0 μg·kg(-1) ) and intraplantar (0.0006 μg per paw) administration of crotalphine induced antinociception in PGE2 -induced hyperalgesia. Antinociception by p.o. crotalphine (1 μg·kg(-1) ) was blocked by AM630 (50 μg per paw), a CB2 receptor antagonist, and by antiserum anti-dynorphin A (1 μg per paw). Immunoassay studies confirmed that crotalphine increased the activation of both κ-opioid (51.7%) and CB2 (28.5%) receptors in paw tissue. The local release of dynorphin A from paw skin was confirmed by in vitro EIA and blocked by AM630. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Crotalphine-induced antinociception involves peripheral CB2 cannabinoid receptors and local release of dynorphin A, which is dependent on CB2 receptor activation. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the peripheral effect of crotalphine, as well as the interaction between the opioid and cannabinoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Machado
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - V O Zambelli
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C O Fernandes
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Y Cury
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Picolo
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil
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Flores A, Maldonado R, Berrendero F. Cannabinoid-hypocretin cross-talk in the central nervous system: what we know so far. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:256. [PMID: 24391536 PMCID: PMC3868890 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging findings suggest the existence of a cross-talk between hypocretinergic and endocannabinoid systems. Although few studies have examined this relationship, the apparent overlap observed in the neuroanatomical distribution of both systems as well as their putative functions strongly point to the existence of such cross-modulation. In agreement, biochemical and functional studies have revealed the existence of heterodimers between CB1 cannabinoid receptor and hypocretin receptor-1, which modulates the cellular localization and downstream signaling of both receptors. Moreover, the activation of hypocretin receptor-1 stimulates the synthesis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol culminating in the retrograde inhibition of neighboring cells and suggesting that endocannabinoids could contribute to some hypocretin effects. Pharmacological data indicate that endocannabinoids and hypocretins might have common physiological functions in the regulation of appetite, reward and analgesia. In contrast, these neuromodulatory systems seem to play antagonistic roles in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle and anxiety-like responses. The present review attempts to piece together what is known about this interesting interaction and describes its potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Africa Flores
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Berrendero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
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Han ZL, Fang Q, Wang ZL, Li XH, Li N, Chang XM, Pan JX, Tang HZ, Wang R. Antinociceptive effects of central administration of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist VDPVNFKLLSH-OH [(m)VD-hemopressin(α)], an N-terminally extended hemopressin peptide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:316-23. [PMID: 24307201 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.209866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid system has been demonstrated to modulate the acute and chronic pain of multiple origins. Mouse VD-hemopressin(α) [(m)VD-Hpα], an 11-residue α-hemoglobin-derived peptide, was recently reported to function as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB₁) in vitro. To characterize its behavioral and physiological properties, we investigated the in vivo effects of (m)VD-Hpα in mice. In the mouse tail-flick test, (m)VD-Hpα dose-dependently induced antinociception after supraspinal (EC₅₀ = 6.69 nmol) and spinal (EC₅₀ = 2.88 nmol) administration. The antinociceptive effects of (m)VD-Hpα (intracerebroventricularly and intrathecally) were completely blocked by N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3- carboxamide (AM251; CB₁ antagonist), but not by 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl(4-methoxyphenyl)-methanone (AM630; CB₂ antagonist) or naloxone (opioid antagonist), showing its selectivity to the CB₁ receptor. Furthermore, the central nervous system (CNS) effects of (m)VD-Hpα were evaluated in body temperature, locomotor activity, tolerance development, reward, and food intake assays. At the highly antinociceptive dose (3 × EC₅₀), (m)VD-Hpα markedly exerted hypothermia and hypoactivity after supraspinal administration. Repeated intracerebroventricular injection of (m)VD-Hpα resulted in both development of tolerance to antinociception and conditioned place aversion. In addition, central injection of (m)VD-Hpα dose-dependently stimulated food consumption. These findings demonstrate that this novel cannabinoid peptide agonist induces CB₁-mediated central antinociception with some CNS effects, which further supports a CB₁ agonist character of (m)VD-Hpα. Moreover, the current study will be helpful to understand the in vivo properties of the endogenous peptide agonist of the cannabinoid CB₁ receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-lan Han
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Keilhoff G, Schröder H, Peters B, Becker A. Time-course of neuropathic pain in mice deficient in neuronal or inducible nitric oxide synthase. Neurosci Res 2013; 77:215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Peripheral and spinal activation of cannabinoid receptors by joint mobilization alleviates postoperative pain in mice. Neuroscience 2013; 255:110-21. [PMID: 24120553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the relative contribution of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) subtypes and to analyze cannabimimetic mechanisms involved in the inhibition of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol degradation on the antihyperalgesic effect of ankle joint mobilization (AJM). Mice (25-35g) were subjected to plantar incision (PI) and 24h after surgery animals received the following treatments, AJM for 9min, AEA (10mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), WIN 55,212-2 (1.5mg/kg, i.p.), URB937 (0.01-1mg/kg, i.p.; a fatty acid amide hydrolase [FAAH] inhibitor) or JZL184 (0.016-16mg/kg, i.p.; a monoacylglycerol lipase [MAGL] inhibitor). Withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimuli was assessed 24h after PI and at different time intervals after treatments. Receptor specificity was investigated using selective CB1R (AM281) and CB2R (AM630) antagonists. In addition, the effect of the FAAH and MAGL inhibitors on the antihyperalgesic action of AJM was investigated. AJM, AEA, WIN 55,212-2, URB937 and JZL184 decreased mechanical hyperalgesia induced by PI. The antihyperalgesic effect of AJM was reversed by pretreatment with AM281 given by intraperitoneal and intrathecal routes, but not intraplantarly. Additionally, intraperitoneal and intraplantar, but not intrathecal administration of AM630 blocked AJM-induced antihyperalgesia. Interestingly, in mice pretreated with FAAH or the MAGL inhibitor the antihyperalgesic effect of AJM was significantly longer. This article presents data addressing the CBR mechanisms underlying the antihyperalgesic activity of joint mobilization as well as of the endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme inhibitors in the mouse postoperative pain model. Joint mobilization and these enzymes offer potential targets to treat postoperative pain.
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48
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Dysregulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor and associated signaling networks in brains of cocaine addicts and cocaine-treated rodents. Neuroscience 2013; 247:294-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Naour ML, Akgün E, Yekkirala A, Lunzer MM, Powers MD, Kalyuzhny AE, Portoghese PS. Bivalent ligands that target μ opioid (MOP) and cannabinoid1 (CB1) receptors are potent analgesics devoid of tolerance. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5505-13. [PMID: 23734559 PMCID: PMC3849126 DOI: 10.1021/jm4005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Given that μ opioid (MOP) and canabinoid (CB1) receptors are colocalized in various regions of the central nervous system and have been reported to associate as heteromer (MOP-CB1) in cultured cells, the possibility of functional, endogenous MOP-CB1 in nociception and other pharmacologic effects has been raised. As a first step in investigating this possibility, we have synthesized a series of bivalent ligands 1-5 that contain both μ agonist and CB1 antagonist pharmacophores for use as tools to study the functional interaction between MOP and CB1 receptors in vivo. Immunofluorescent studies on HEK293 cells coexpressing both receptors suggested 5 (20-atom spacer) to be the only member of the series that bridges the protomers of the heteromer. Antinociceptive testing in mice revealed 5 to be the most potent member of the series. As neither a mixture of monovalent ligands 9 + 10 nor bivalents 2-5 produced tolerance in mice, MOR-CB1 apparently is not an important target for reducing tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Drug Tolerance
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Injections, Spinal
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Structure
- Pain/physiopathology
- Pain/prevention & control
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Le Naour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Eyup Akgün
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Ajay Yekkirala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Mary M. Lunzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Mike D. Powers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Alexander E. Kalyuzhny
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Philip S. Portoghese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
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Bisicchia E, Chiurchiù V, Viscomi MT, Latini L, Fezza F, Battistini L, Maccarrone M, Molinari M. Activation of type-2 cannabinoid receptor inhibits neuroprotective and antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoid receptor α: when one is better than two. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2191-204. [PMID: 23296125 PMCID: PMC11113882 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are two distinct classes of signaling lipids that exert both neuroprotective and immunosuppressive effects; however, the possibility of an actual interaction of their receptors [i.e., type-2 cannabinoid (CB2) and glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), respectively] remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the concomitant activation of CB2 and GRα abolishes the neuroprotective effects induced by each receptor on central neurons and on glial cells in animal models of remote cell death. We also show that the ability of eCBs and GCs, used individually, to inhibit tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production from activated human T lymphocytes is lost when CB2 and GRα are activated simultaneously. In addition, signal transduction pathways triggered by concomitant activation of both receptors led to increased levels of GRβ, heat-shock proteins-70 and -90, and p-JNK, as well as to reduced levels of p-STAT6. These effects were reversed only by selectively antagonizing CB2, but not GRα. Overall, our study demonstrates for the first time the existence of a CB2-driven negative cross-talk between eCB and GC signaling in both rats and humans, thus paving the way to the possible therapeutic exploitation of CB2 as a new target for chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bisicchia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Latini
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Fezza
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Molinari
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione S. Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
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