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Mao N, Xie X. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240967. [PMID: 38841174 PMCID: PMC11151399 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and disabling disease that imposes significant economic and social costs. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating joint disorders, and it has been shown to be cost-effective in treating RA, but its exact mechanism is unknown. Objective The goal of the network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking was to investigate the potential active compounds and associated anti-RA mechanisms of TwHF. Methods TCMSP and UniProt databases were searched for active compounds and related targets of TwHF. PharmGKB, DrugBank, OMIM, TTD, and the Human Gene Databases were used to identify RA-related targets. The intersected RA and TwHF targets were entered into the STRING database to create a protein-protein interaction network. R software was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Molecular docking technology was used to analyze the optimal effective components from TwHF for docking with the selected target gene. Results Following screening and duplicate removal, a total of 51 active compounds and 96 potential targets were chosen. The PPI network revealed that the target proteins are CXCL8, CXCL6, STAT3, STAT1, JUN, PPARG, TP53, IL14, MMP9, VEGFA, RELA, CASP3, PTGS2, IFNG, AKT1, FOS, ICAM1, and MAPK14. The results of the GO enrichment analysis focused primarily on the response to lipopolysaccharide, the response to molecules of bacterial origin, and the response to drugs. The KEGG results indicated that the mechanisms were closely related to lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, Kaposi sarcoma-associated, herpesvirus infection, hepatitis B, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, IL-17 signaling pathways, Th17-cell differentiation, and so on, all of which are involved in angiogenesis, immune cell chemotaxis, and inflammatory responses. Molecular docking results suggested that triptolide was the appropriate PTGS1, PTGS2, and TNF inhibitors. Conclusion Our findings provide an essential role and basis for further immune inflammatory studies into the molecular mechanisms of TwHF and PTGS1, PTGS2, and TNF inhibitor development in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Mao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zerpa-Hernández DA, García-Chagollán M, Sánchez-Zuno GA, García-Arellano S, Hernández-Bello J, Hernández-Palma LA, Cerpa-Cruz S, Martinez-Bonilla G, Nicoletti F, Muñoz-Valle JF. Expression of Transcriptional Factors of T Helper Differentiation (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, and FOXP3), MIF Receptors (CD44, CD74, CXCR2, 4, 7), and Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in PBMC from Control Subjects and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1169-1182. [PMID: 37807647 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240260976230925095330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a pivotal role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous research indicates that MIF can trigger the expression of cytokine profiles associated with Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both RA patients and control subjects (CS). Despite these, few studies to date precisely elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to associate the expression of Th differentiation TF (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt) with MIF receptors (CD44, CD74, CXCR2, 4, 7) and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in PBMC from CS and RA patients. METHOD PBMC from both groups was cultured for 24 h. The expression of the canonical and non-canonical MIF receptors and the TF was determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, multiplex bead analysis was employed to assess the levels of cytokines in the culture supernatants. The findings revealed that T CD4+ lymphocytes in the CS group exhibited a heightened expression of CD74 (p<0.05), whereas RA patients displayed an elevated expression of CXCR7 (p<0.001). Furthermore, T CD4+ lymphocytes from RA patients exhibited greater expression of GATA3, RORγt, and FOXP3, along with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the CS group (p<0.001). RESULT These results indicate that CD74 is more prominently expressed in PBMC from the CS group, whereas CXCR7 is more expressed in PBMC from RA patients. CONCLUSION We also noted an increased secretion of Th17 profile cytokines in RA, potentially influenced by the activation of FOXP3 via CD74 and RORγt through CXCR7 using the endocytic pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Male
- Female
- Cytokines/metabolism
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Adult
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Aged
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Hyaluronan Receptors
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | | | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Alexis Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 49000, Mexico
| | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Servicio de Reumatología, O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Gloria Martinez-Bonilla
- Servicio de Reumatología, O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Ferhat M, Mangano K, Mirkina I, Mayer J, Rossmueller G, Schinagl A, Kerschbaumer R, Nicoletti F, Thiele M, Landlinger C. The newly engineered monoclonal antibody ON104, targeting the oxidized Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (oxMIF), ameliorates clinical and histopathological signs of collagen-induced arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175997. [PMID: 37579967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that emerged as a pivotal regulator in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MIF occurs in two immunologically distinct conformational isoforms, indicated as reduced (redMIF) and oxidized MIF (oxMIF) where the latter exerts disease-related activities. In this study we demonstrate the presence of circulating oxMIF in RA patients and investigate the in vivo effects of an oxMIF-neutralizing antibody in a murine model of RA. By advanced antibody engineering we generated the fully human anti-oxMIF antibody ON104 with abolished effector functions. The therapeutic potential of ON104 was tested in a model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1j mice. At disease onset, the mice received ON104 twice a week for three weeks. Clinical symptoms were assessed daily, and histological examinations of the joints were performed at the end of the study. Antibody ON104, specifically targeting human and murine oxMIF, is highly affine and does not elicit effector functions in vitro. The treatment of CIA mice with ON104 profoundly modulated disease progression with marked amelioration of clinical signs of arthritis that was associated with reduced synovial and cartilage damage and reduced F4/80-positive macrophages in the joints. These data prove that oxMIF is a relevant target in a well-known model of human RA and its specific neutralization by the antibody ON104 ameliorates clinical and histological signs of the disease in the so-treated mice. Thus, ON104 represents a new and promising treatment option for RA and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Ferhat
- OncoOne Research & Development GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katia Mangano
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Catania, Italy
| | - Irina Mirkina
- OncoOne Research & Development GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Mayer
- OncoOne Research & Development GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Catania, Italy
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Li T, Liu X, Han P, Aimaier A, Zhang Y, Li J. Syringaldehyde ameliorates mouse arthritis by inhibiting dendritic cell maturation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110490. [PMID: 37339567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Syringaldehyde (SD), a kind of flavonoid polyphenolic small molecule compound, has the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. But it is unknown whether SD has properties on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by modulating dendritic cells (DCs). We explored the effect of SD on the maturation of DCs in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SD significantly down-regulated the expression of CD86, CD40 and MHC II, decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-23, and increased IL-10 secretion and antigen phagocytosis in vitro induced by lipopolysaccharides in a dose-dependent manner through reducing the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. SD also significantly inhibited the expression of CD86, CD40 and MHC II on DCs in vivo. Moreover, SD suppressed the expression of CCR7 and the in vivo migration of DCs. In arthritis mouse models induced by λ-carrageenan and complete Freund's adjuvant, SD significantly alleviated paw and joint oedema, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and increased the level of IL-10 in serum. Interestingly, SD significantly decreased the numbers of type I helper T cells (Th1), Th2, Th17 and Th17/Th1-like (CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17A+), but increased the numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in spleens of mice. Importantly, the numbers of CD11c+IL-23+ and CD11c+IL-6+ cells were negatively correlated with the numbers of Th17 and Th17/Th1-like. These results suggested that SD ameliorated mouse arthritis through inhibiting the differentiation of Th1, Th17 and Th17/Th1-like and promoting the generation of Tregs via regulation of DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Peng Han
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Alimu Aimaier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
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Trifone C, Baquero L, Czernikier A, Benencio P, Leng L, Laufer N, Quiroga MF, Bucala R, Ghiglione Y, Turk G. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Promotes Increased Proportions of the Highly Permissive Th17-like Cell Profile during HIV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102218. [PMID: 36298774 PMCID: PMC9611675 DOI: 10.3390/v14102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in the functionality of CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4TL) during HIV infection. MDMs from healthy donors were infected with a R5-tropic or Transmitted/Founder (T/F) HIV strain. At day 11 post-MDM infection, allogeneic co-cultures with uninfected CD4TLs plus MIF stimulus were performed. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA. MIF plasma levels of people with HIV (PWH) were evaluated by ELISA. The phenotype and infection rate of CD4TLs from PWH were analyzed after MIF stimulus. Intracellular cytokines and transcription factors were evaluated by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by parametric or non-parametric methods. The MIF stimulation of HIV-infected MDMs induced an increased expression of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8. In CD4TL/MDM co-cultures, the MIF treatment increased IL-17A/RORγt-expressing CD4TLs. Higher concentrations of IL-17A in supernatants were also observed. These results were recapitulated using transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 strains. The MIF treatment appeared to affect memory CD4TLs more than naïve CD4TLs. MIF blocking showed a negative impact on IL17A+CD4TL proportions. Higher MIF concentrations in PWH-derived plasma were correlated with higher IL-17A+CD4TL percentages. Finally, MIF stimulation in PWH-derived PBMCs led to an increase in Th17-like population. MIF may contribute to viral pathogenesis by generating a microenvironment enriched in activating mediators and Th17-like CD4TLs, which are known to be highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection and relevant to viral persistence. These observations establish a basis for considering MIF as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Trifone
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Lucía Baquero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Czernikier
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Paula Benencio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Natalia Laufer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yanina Ghiglione
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Turk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4508-3689 (ext. 130); Fax: +54-11-4508-3705
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Molecular and Cellular Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790122. [PMID: 34899757 PMCID: PMC8660630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors (ICI), typically associated with differentiated clinical effects and characteristics. Personalized responsiveness is observed to the standard treatment due to the pathophysiological heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in an overall poor prognosis. Understanding the role of individual variation in cellular and molecular mechanisms related to rheumatoid arthritis will considerably improve clinical care and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the source of pathophysiological heterogeneity derived from genetic, molecular, and cellular heterogeneity and their possible impact on precision medicine and personalized treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We provide emphasized description of the heterogeneity derived from mast cells, monocyte cell, macrophage fibroblast-like synoviocytes and, interactions within immune cells and with inflammatory cytokines, as well as the potential as a new therapeutic target to develop a novel treatment approach. Finally, we summarize the latest clinical trials of treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis and provide a suggestive framework for implementing preclinical and clinical experimental results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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García-Arellano S, Hernández-Palma LA, Cerpa-Cruz S, Sánchez-Zuno GA, Herrera-Godina MG, Muñoz-Valle JF. The Novel Role of MIF in the Secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 from PBMC of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Molecules 2021; 26:4968. [PMID: 34443554 PMCID: PMC8398282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease with complex pathogenesis associated with cytokine dysregulation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in systemic inflammation and joint destruction in RA and could be associated with the secretion of other immune-modulatory cytokines such as IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33. For the above, our main aim was to evaluate the IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 secretion from recombinant human MIF (rhMIF)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of RA patients. The rhMIF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus rhMIF stimuli promote the secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 (p < 0.05) from PBMC of RA patients. The study groups, the different stimuli, and the interaction between both showed a statistically significant effect on the secretion of IL-25 (p < 0.05) and IL-31 (p < 0.01). The study of the effect of the RA patient treatments and their interaction with the effect of stimuli did not show an interaction between them. In conclusion, our study generates new evidence for the role of MIF in the secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 and its immunomodulatory effect on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.G.-A.); (L.A.H.-P.); (G.A.S.-Z.); (M.G.H.-G.)
| | - Luis Alexis Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.G.-A.); (L.A.H.-P.); (G.A.S.-Z.); (M.G.H.-G.)
| | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Athziri Sánchez-Zuno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.G.-A.); (L.A.H.-P.); (G.A.S.-Z.); (M.G.H.-G.)
| | - Melva Guadalupe Herrera-Godina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.G.-A.); (L.A.H.-P.); (G.A.S.-Z.); (M.G.H.-G.)
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.G.-A.); (L.A.H.-P.); (G.A.S.-Z.); (M.G.H.-G.)
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Han C, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cui D, Luo T, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Li H, Wang C, Xu D, Ma Y, Wei W. Targeted inhibition of GRK2 kinase domain by CP-25 to reverse fibroblast-like synoviocytes dysfunction and improve collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1835-1852. [PMID: 34386323 PMCID: PMC8343125 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease and is mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The up-regulated cellular membrane expression of G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) of FLS plays a critical role in RA progression, the increase of GRK2 translocation activity promotes dysfunctional prostaglandin E4 receptor (EP4) signaling and FLS abnormal proliferation. Recently, although our group found that paeoniflorin-6ʹ-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25), a novel compound, could reverse FLS dysfunction via GRK2, little is known as to how GRK2 translocation activity is suppressed. Our findings revealed that GRK2 expression up-regulated and EP4 expression down-regulated in synovial tissues of RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level increased in arthritis. CP-25 could down-regulate GRK2 expression, up-regulate EP4 expression, and improve synovitis of CIA rats. CP-25 and GRK2 inhibitors (paroxetine or GSK180736A) inhibited the abnormal proliferation of FLS in RA patients and CIA rats by down-regulating GRK2 translocation to EP4 receptor. The results of microscale thermophoresis (MST), cellular thermal shift assay, and inhibition of kinase activity assay indicated that CP-25 could directly target GRK2, increase the protein stability of GRK2 in cells, and inhibit GRK2 kinase activity. The docking of CP-25 and GRK2 suggested that the kinase domain of GRK2 might be an important active pocket for CP-25. G201, K220, K230, A321, and D335 in kinase domain of GRK2 might form hydrogen bonds with CP-25. Site-directed mutagenesis and co-immunoprecipitation assay further revealed that CP-25 down-regulated the interaction of GRK2 and EP4 via controlling the key amino acid residue of Ala321 of GRK2. Our data demonstrate that FLS proliferation is regulated by GRK2 translocation to EP4. Targeted inhibition of GRK2 kinase domain by CP-25 improves FLS function and represents an innovative drug for the treatment of RA by targeting GRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dongqian Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 551 65161209.
| | - Yang Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 551 65161209.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 551 65161209.
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