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Cao C, Xiao Z, Ge C, Wu Y. Animal by-products collagen and derived peptide, as important components of innovative sustainable food systems-a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8703-8727. [PMID: 34080446 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the world's food crisis and health industry ushered into a real outbreak. On one side, there were natural disasters such as the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), desert locusts, floods, and droughts exacerbating the world food crisis, while on the other side, the social development and changes in lifestyles prompted the health industry to gradually shift from a traditional medical model to a new pattern of prevention, treatment, and nourishment. Therefore, this article reviews animal by-products collagen and derived peptide, as important components of innovative sustainable food systems. The review also considered the preparation, identification, and characterization of animal by-product collagen and collagen peptides as well as their impacts on the food system (including food processing, packaging, preservation, and functional foods). Finally, the application and research progress of animal by-product collagen and peptide in the food system along with the future development trend were discussed. This knowledge would be of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of animal by-product collagen and collagen peptides and would encourage the use of collagen in food processing, preservation, and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Cao
- Livestock Product Processing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- Livestock Product Processing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Livestock Product Processing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinglong Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Blumenfeld O, Williams FM, Valdes A, Hart DJ, Malkin I, Spector TD, Livshits G. Association of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms with hand osteoarthritis and hand osteoporosis. Cytokine 2014; 69:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Volk SW, Shah SR, Cohen AJ, Wang Y, Brisson BK, Vogel LK, Hankenson KD, Adams SL. Type III collagen regulates osteoblastogenesis and the quantity of trabecular bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:621-31. [PMID: 24626604 PMCID: PMC4335719 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type III collagen (Col3), a fibril-forming collagen, is a major extracellular matrix component in a variety of internal organs and skin. It is also expressed at high levels during embryonic skeletal development and is expressed by osteoblasts in mature bone. Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding Col3 (Col3a1) are associated with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Although the most significant clinical consequences of this syndrome are associated with catastrophic failure and impaired healing of soft tissues, several studies have documented skeletal abnormalities in vascular EDS patients. However, there are no reports of the role of Col3 deficiency on the murine skeleton. We compared craniofacial and skeletal phenotypes in young (6-8 weeks) and middle-aged (>1 year) control (Col3(+/+)) and haploinsufficient (Col3(+/-)) mice, as well as young null (Col3(-/-)) mice by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Although Col3(+/-) mice did not have significant craniofacial abnormalities based upon cranial morphometrics, μCT analysis of distal femur trabecular bone demonstrated significant reductions in bone volume (BV), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), connectivity density, structure model index and trabecular thickness in young adult female Col3(+/-) mice relative to wild-type littermates. The reduction in BV/TV persisted in female mice at 1 year of age. Next, we evaluated the role of Col3 in vitro. Osteogenesis assays revealed that cultures of mesenchymal progenitors collected from Col3(-/-) embryos display decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced capacity to undergo mineralization. Consistent with this data, a reduction in expression of osteogenic markers (type I collagen, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein) correlates with reduced bone Col3 expression in Col3(+/-) mice and with age in vivo. A small but significant reduction in osteoclast numbers was found in Col3(+/-) compared to Col3(+/+) bones. Taken together, these findings indicate that Col3 plays a role in development of trabecular bone through its effects on osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 312 Hill Pavilion, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4539, USA,
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Cusano NE, Kiel DP, Demissie S, Karasik D, Adrienne Cupples L, Corella D, Gao Q, Richardson K, Yiannakouris N, Ordovas JM. A Polymorphism in a gene encoding Perilipin 4 is associated with height but not with bone measures in individuals from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90:96-107. [PMID: 22210160 PMCID: PMC3628693 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in identifying new pathways and candidate genes that confer susceptibility to osteoporosis. There is evidence that adipogenesis and osteogenesis may be related, including a common bone marrow progenitor cell for both adipocytes and osteoblasts. Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and Perilipin 4 (PLIN4) are members of the PATS family of genes and are involved in lipolysis of intracellular lipid deposits. A previous study reported gender-specific associations between one polymorphism of PLIN1 and bone mineral density (BMD) in a Japanese population. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in PLIN1 and PLIN4 would be associated with bone measures in adult Caucasian participants of the Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS). We genotyped 1,206 male and 1,445 female participants of the FOS for four single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in PLIN1 and seven SNPs in PLIN4 and tested for associations with measures of BMD, bone ultrasound, hip geometry, and height. We found several gender-specific significant associations with the measured traits. The association of PLIN4 SNP rs8887, G>A with height in females trended toward significance after simulation testing (adjusted P = 0.07) and remained significant after simulation testing in the combined-sex model (adjusted P = 0.033). In a large study sample of men and women, we found a significant association between one SNP in PLIN4 and height but not with bone traits, suggesting that PATS family genes are not important in the regulation of bone. Identification of genes that influence human height may lead to a better understanding of the processes involved in growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Cusano
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gerstenfeld LC, McLean J, Healey DS, Stapleton SN, Silkman LJ, Price C, Jepsen KJ. Genetic variation in the structural pattern of osteoclast activity during post-natal growth of mouse femora. Bone 2010; 46:1546-54. [PMID: 20178867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the spatial activity of osteoblasts has been associated with modeling of bones during development, few studies have examined if variation in the spatial activity of osteoclasts also contributes to the morphogenesis of skeletal tissues. We examined this question by histomorphometric analysis and reconstructing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of osteoclasts in the femora of three inbred strains of male mice (A/J, C57BL/6J [B6], and C3H/HeJ [C3H]) that have differing skeletal, structural, and material properties. Our data show that total osteoclast surface area and osteoclast numbers are related to the overall bone density, but not related to the development of bone diameter or overall cortical area. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the osteoclasts showed that the asymmetrical mid-diaphyseal distribution of osteoclasts in A/J and B6 compared to the more uniform distribution of these cells around the circumference in the C3H mice was consistent with the more ellipsoid shape of A/J and B6 femora compared to the more circular mid-diaphyseal shape of the femora in the C3H mice. The statistically 2- to 3-fold fewer cells on the periosteal surface in the C3H compared to either the B6 or A/J mice is also consistent with the greater cortical thickness that is seen for the C3H mice compared to either B6 or A/J strains. In vitro studies of osteoclastogenesis and the expression of numerous phenotypic properties of osteoclasts prepared from the three strains of mice showed that A/J and B6 mice developed statistically greater numbers of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells and expressed statistically higher levels of multiple mRNAs that are unique to differentiated osteoclasts than those isolated from the C3H strain. In summary, the 3D reconstructions and histomorphometric analysis suggest that genetic differences lead to spatial variation in the distribution of osteoclasts. These variations in spatial distribution of osteoclasts in turn contribute in part to the development of the structural variations of the femora that are seen in the three strains of mice. In vitro studies suggest that intrinsic genetic variation in osteoclastogenesis and their phenotypic expression may contribute to the differences in their functional activities that give rise to the unique spatial distributions of these cells in bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gerstenfeld
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Karasik D, Dupuis J, Cho K, Cupples LA, Zhou Y, Kiel DP, Demissie S. Refined QTLs of osteoporosis-related traits by linkage analysis with genome-wide SNPs: Framingham SHARe. Bone 2010; 46:1114-21. [PMID: 20064633 PMCID: PMC2842472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using high-density array of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) offer an unbiased strategy to identify new candidate genes for osteoporosis. We used a subset of autosomal SNPs from the Affymetrix 500K+50K SNP GeneChip marker set to examine genetic linkage with multiple highly heritable osteoporosis-related traits, including BMD of the hip and spine, heel ultrasound (attenuation and speed of sound), and geometric indices of the hip, in two generations from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Variance component linkage analysis was performed using normalized residuals (adjusted for age, height, BMI, and estrogen status in women). Multipoint linkage analyses produced LOD scores > or =3.0 for BMD on chromosomes (chr.) 9 and 11 and for ultrasound speed of sound on chr. 5. Hip geometric traits were linked with higher LOD scores, such as with shaft width on chr. 4 (LOD=3.9) and chr. 16 (LOD=3.8) and with shaft section modulus on chr. 22 (LOD=4.0). LOD score > or =5.0 was obtained for femoral neck width on chr. 7. In conclusion, with an SNP-based linkage approach, we identified several novel potential QTLs and confirmed previously identified chromosomal regions linked to bone mass and geometry. Subsequent focus on the spectrum of genetic polymorphisms in these refined regions may contribute to finding variants predisposing to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
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Giampietro PF, McCarty C, Mukesh B, McKiernan F, Wilson D, Shuldiner A, Liu J, LeVasseur J, Ivacic L, Kitchner T, Ghebranious N. The role of cigarette smoking and statins in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a pilot study utilizing the Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Cohort. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:467-77. [PMID: 19506792 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY A cohort of postmenopausal osteoporotic females and controls with normal bone mineral density, the interleukin 6 (IL6) -634G > C (rs1800796) C allele of the promoter region showed association with osteoporosis. The lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene showed association between C135242T C/T alleles and osteoporosis only in smokers, suggesting a role for environmental interaction. INTRODUCTION A nested case-control study within a population-based cohort was undertaken to assess the relative impact of cigarette smoking, statin use, genetic polymorphisms, and one-way interaction of these factors on development of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS Genotyping of 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to vitamin D receptor gene, estrogen receptor 1, collagen type 1 alpha 1, IL6, transcription growth factor beta, apolipoprotein E, and LRP5 genes was performed in cases (n = 309) with osteoporosis and controls (n = 293) with normal bone mineral density drawn from a homogeneous Caucasian population. SNPs were chosen based on known functional consequences or prior evidence for association and genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight technology. RESULTS Cases differed from controls relative to body mass index, age, and smoking but not statin use. After adjusting for age, the IL6 -634G > C (rs1800796) allele showed association with osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR) for CC + CG = 2.51, p = 0.0047)), independent of statin use or smoking status. On stratification for smoking, association with LRP5 C135242T (rs545382) and osteoporosis emerged (OR 2.8 in smokers for CT alleles, p = 0.03)), suggestive of potential environmental interaction. CONCLUSION Evidence suggested a role for genetic variation in IL6 and LRP5 in conferring risk for osteoporosis in Caucasian women, with the latter manifest only in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Giampietro
- Marshfield Clinic, Department of Medical Genetic Services, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
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Hohenhaus MH, McGarry KA, Col NF. Hormone therapy for the prevention of bone loss in menopausal women with osteopenia: is it a viable option? Drugs 2008; 67:2311-21. [PMID: 17983253 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200767160-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteopenia is a state of low bone mass, the appropriate clinical management of which is not always clear. The use of hormone therapy for postmenopausal bone loss has become controversial given recent data regarding the risks of therapy. Fragility fractures are common, and result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Although the fracture rate is higher among osteoporotic women, the substantially larger population of osteopenic women accounts for a higher absolute number of fractures. Osteopenia is defined solely according to the statistical properties of the distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) values, which limits its usefulness in clinical care. BMD, although inversely related to fracture risk, should not be used as the sole criterion for fracture risk. Limited data suggest that benefits of treatment seen in women with documented osteoporosis may not extend to osteopenic women. Although estrogen prevents postmenopausal bone loss, preservation of BMD does not necessarily translate into reduced fracture risk. In making decisions about whether to treat a woman with osteopenia, it is critical to estimate how treatments will affect the individual's risk of fracture. Treatment decisions should be based on whether the net benefits of treatment outweigh the anticipated risks, which will depend on the age of the patient and her risk profile. In our opinion, there is insufficient evidence to support treatment for women with a BMD in the osteopenic range in the absence of fragility fracture. For osteopenic women with higher risk, the availability of other treatments with a more favourable risk-benefit profile eliminates the role of hormone therapy for fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Hohenhaus
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
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Pérez A, Ulla M, García B, Lavezzo M, Elías E, Binci M, Rivoira M, Centeno V, Alisio A, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Genotypes and clinical aspects associated with bone mineral density in Argentine postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2008; 26:358-65. [PMID: 18600402 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine genotypes and clinical aspects associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women from Córdoba, Argentina. Polymorphisms were assessed by RFLP-PCR technique using BsmI and FokI for vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and XbaI and PvuII for estrogen receptor-alpha gene (ERalpha) as restrictases. Sixty-eight healthy, 54 osteopenic, and 64 osteoporotic postmenopausal women were recruited. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were inversely correlated with age in the entire analyzed population. Height was lower in osteopenic and osteoporotic women as compared to healthy women (P < 0.05). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were the lowest in osteoporotic women (P < 0.01 versus healthy group). Serum procollagen type I Nterminal propeptide (PINP) was higher in osteoporotic women as compared to the other groups. Distribution of VDR and ERalpha genotypes was similar in the three groups. Genotype bb (VDR) was associated with low values of lumbar BMD in the healthy group (P < 0.05 versus genotype Bb), and with low values of femoral BMD (P < 0.05 versus genotype BB) in osteoporotic women. BB*Pp interaction was associated with the highest femoral neck BMD (P < 0.05), whereas the bb*xx interaction was associated with the lowest femoral neck BMD in the total population analyzed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, parameters such as age, height, weight, BMI, serum PINP, VDR genotypes, and interactions between VDR and ERalpha genotypes could be useful to predict a decrease in BMD in Argentine postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Fosfocálcico y Vitamina D Dr. Fernando Cañas, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cosquín 1673, Barrio Jardín, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina
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Kiel DP, Demissie S, Dupuis J, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Karasik D. Genome-wide association with bone mass and geometry in the Framingham Heart Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S14. [PMID: 17903296 PMCID: PMC1995606 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-s1-s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and compromised bone structure, heritable traits that contribute to fracture risk. There have been no genome-wide association and linkage studies for these traits using high-density genotyping platforms. METHODS We used the Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip marker set in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) to examine genetic associations with ten primary quantitative traits: bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal ultrasound, and geometric indices of the hip. To test associations with multivariable-adjusted residual trait values, we used additive generalized estimating equation (GEE) and family-based association tests (FBAT) models within each sex as well as sexes combined. We evaluated 70,987 autosomal SNPs with genotypic call rates > or =80%, HWE p > or = 0.001, and MAF > or =10% in up to 1141 phenotyped individuals (495 men and 646 women, mean age 62.5 yrs). Variance component linkage analysis was performed using 11,200 markers. RESULTS Heritability estimates for all bone phenotypes were 30-66%. LOD scores > or =3.0 were found on chromosomes 15 (1.5 LOD confidence interval: 51,336,679-58,934,236 bp) and 22 (35,890,398-48,603,847 bp) for femoral shaft section modulus. The ten primary phenotypes had 12 associations with 100K SNPs in GEE models at p < 0.000001 and 2 associations in FBAT models at p < 0.000001. The 25 most significant p-values for GEE and FBAT were all less than 3.5 x 10(-6) and 2.5 x 10(-5), respectively. Of the 40 top SNPs with the greatest numbers of significantly associated BMD traits (including femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine), one half to two-thirds were in or near genes that have not previously been studied for osteoporosis. Notably, pleiotropic associations between BMD and bone geometric traits were uncommon. Evidence for association (FBAT or GEE p < 0.05) was observed for several SNPs in candidate genes for osteoporosis, such as rs1801133 in MTHFR; rs1884052 and rs3778099 in ESR1; rs4988300 in LRP5; rs2189480 in VDR; rs2075555 in COLIA1; rs10519297 and rs2008691 in CYP19, as well as SNPs in PPARG (rs10510418 and rs2938392) and ANKH (rs2454873 and rs379016). All GEE, FBAT and linkage results are provided as an open-access results resource at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007 webcite. CONCLUSION The FHS 100K SNP project offers an unbiased genome-wide strategy to identify new candidate loci and to replicate previously suggested candidate genes for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu YJ, Shen H, Xiao P, Xiong DH, Li LH, Recker RR, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis: a 2004 update. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:1511-35. [PMID: 16995806 PMCID: PMC1829484 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes comprehensively the most important and representative molecular genetics studies of gene identification for osteoporosis published up to the end of December 2004. It is intended to constitute a sequential update of our previously published review covering the available data up to the end of 2002. Evidence from candidate gene association studies and genome-wide linkage studies in humans, as well as quantitative trait locus mapping animal models are reviewed separately. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice models relevant to osteoporosis are summarized. An important extension of this update is incorporation of functional genomic studies (including DNA microarrays and proteomics) on osteogenesis and osteoporosis, in light of the rapid advances and the promising prospects of the field. Comments are made on the most notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of genetics of osteoporosis. The format adopted by this review should be ideal for accommodating future new advances and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Liu
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dong-Hai Xiong
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhao LJ, Liu PY, Recker R, Deng HW. Correlation of transmenopausal bone mass in healthy white women: a long-term longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17:1501-5. [PMID: 16896513 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well established that menopause is associated with accelerated bone loss. However, no study has tested whether bone mass after the menopause transition is correlated with the premenopausal bone mass; that is, whether a high premenopausal bone mass will be predicatively high after menopause in an individual. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the association of transmenopausal bone mass in 54 healthy premenopausal white women age 46 years or older at the initiation. These subjects experienced normal menopause and stayed in the study at least 1 year after their last menses without hormone replacement therapy. Bone mass of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and total body were measured semiannually for 9.5 years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the 6-year period for which the data were analyzed, we found statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) over the 5.5-year and 5-year periods around menopause for pairwise transmenopausal lumbar spine Z-score and total body bone mineral content, respectively. The correlation declined with increase of the time interval across menopause. We conclude that for a limited time interval, bone mass after menopause is correlated with that before menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Zhao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
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Tinkle BT, Wenstrup RJ. A genetic approach to fracture epidemiology in childhood. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 139C:38-54. [PMID: 16278883 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to provide a review of both childhood fracture epidemiology and known heritable causes for fracture predisposition to the Medical Geneticist, who is frequently consulted to assess children with multiple or unexplained fractures for a physiologic etiology. A detailed knowledge of the clinical and laboratory evaluation for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and other single-gene disorders is obviously essential to complete a useful evaluation of such children. The experienced clinician will immediately recognize that single gene disorders represent only a small fraction of these patients. In infants, non-accidental trauma (NAT) unfortunately is the likely explanation for the fracture pattern, but in some infants, and certainly in older children with recurrent fractures, no medical explanations can be found. Recent studies in which bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with genetic variation at a number of candidate genes are promising but these studies are too premature yet to be used clinically. Nonetheless, we do expect that in the future whole-genome approaches in conjunction with key clinical and epidemiological variables may be combined through an informatics approach to create better predictors of fracture susceptibility for these populations of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad T Tinkle
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229, USA.
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Lambrinoudaki I, Christodoulakos G, Aravantinos L, Antoniou A, Rizos D, Chondros C, Kountouris A, Chrysofakis G, Creatsas G. Endogenous sex steroids and bone mineral density in healthy Greek postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2006; 24:65-71. [PMID: 16369901 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-005-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association of endogenous sex steroids with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy postmenopausal women not on hormone therapy. A total of 884 postmenopausal women aged 42-71 years were studied in a cross-sectional design. Parameters assessed were follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free estrogen index (FEI), free androgen index (FAI), Delta4-androstendione (Delta4A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), bone alkaline posphatase, and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine (L-BMD) and femoral neck (N-BMD). Estradiol and FEI associated positively with both L-BMD and N-BMD (r = 0.21-0.47, P < 0.01). These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, years since menopause, and body mass index. FAI correlated positively with both L-BMD and N-BMD (r = 0.18 and 0.33, respectively; P < 0.01). At the multivariate analysis, however, FAI remained the significant determinant only for N-BMD. Delta4A associated positively with N-BMD (r = 0.27, P = 0.001), whereas DHEAS showed no association with BMD at either site. Thus, endogenous steroids are significant determinants of postmenopausal BMD. Endogenous estradiol may be more important for lumbar spine BMD, whereas endogenous androgens are associated mainly with femoral neck BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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