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Kali G, Özkahraman B, Laffleur F, Knoll P, Wibel R, Zöller K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Cellulose: A Dual-Acting Mucoadhesive and Permeation-Enhancing Polymer. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4880-4889. [PMID: 37796043 PMCID: PMC10646989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to design an anionic, thiolated cellulose derivative and to evaluate its mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing properties utilizing enoxaparin as a model drug. 2-Mercaptosuccinic acid-modified cellulose (cellulose-mercaptosuccinate) was synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride. The chemical structure of the target compound was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The thiol content was determined by Ellman's test. The conjugate exhibited 215.5 ± 25 μmol/g of thiol groups and 84 ± 16 μmol/g of disulfide bonds. Because of thiolation, mucoadhesion on porcine intestinal mucosa was 9.6-fold enhanced. The apparent permeability (Papp) of the model dye Lucifer yellow was up to 2.2-fold improved by 0.5% cellulose-mercaptosuccinate on a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Enoxaparin permeation through rat intestinal mucosa increased 2.4-fold in the presence of 0.5% cellulose-mercaptosuccinate compared with the drug in buffer only. In vivo studies in rats showed an oral bioavailability of 8.98% using cellulose-mercaptosuccinate, which was 12.5-fold higher than that of the aqueous solution of the drug. Results of this study show that the modification of cellulose with 2-mercaptosuccinic acid provides mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing properties, making this thiolated polymer an attractive excipient for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kali
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bengi Özkahraman
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 Corum, Turkey
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Wibel
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Zöller
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Maretti E, Pavan B, Rustichelli C, Montanari M, Dalpiaz A, Iannuccelli V, Leo E. Chitosan/heparin polyelectrolyte complexes as ion-paring approach to encapsulate heparin in orally administrable SLN: In vitro evaluation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Li Q, Yang X, Zhang P, Mo F, Si P, Kang X, Wang M, Zhang J. Dasatinib loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for effective treatment of corneal neovascularization. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2571-2583. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dasa-NLC could significantly inhibit the corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Mo
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Peiru Si
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Ximeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Menghan Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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4
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Therapeutic strategies to target microbial protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1505-1515. [PMID: 30381333 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are involved in a plethora of human pathologies including infectious diseases. Especially, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), like heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, have been found to be involved in different crucial stages of microbial invasion. Here, we review various therapeutic approaches, which target the interface of host GAGs and microbial proteins and discuss their limitations and challenges for drug development.
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Zupančič O, Grieβinger JA, Rohrer J, Pereira de Sousa I, Danninger L, Partenhauser A, Sündermann NE, Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for oral enoxaparin administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:113-121. [PMID: 27693677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop SEDDS for oral enoxaparin administration and evaluate it in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The emulsifying properties of SEDDS composed of long chain lipids (LC-SEDDS), medium chain lipids (MC-SEDDS), short chain lipids (SC-SEDDS) and no lipids (NL-SEDDS) were evaluated. Thereafter, enoxaparin was incorporated via hydrophobic ion pairing in the chosen SEDDS, which were evaluated regarding their mucus permeating properties, stability towards pancreatic lipase, drug release profile and cytotoxicity. Finally, in vivo performance of SEDDS was evaluated. RESULTS The average droplet size of chosen LC-SEDDS, MC-SEDDS and NL-SEDDS ranged between 30 and 40nm. MC-SEEDS containing 30% Captex 8000, 30% Capmul MCM, 30% Cremophor EL and 10% propylene glycol and NL-SEDDS containing 31.5% Labrafil 1944, 22.5% Capmul PG-8, 9% propylene glycol, 27% Cremophor EL and 10% DMSO exhibited 2-fold higher mucus diffusion than LC-SEDDS and were therefore chosen for further studies. The enoxaparin-dodecylamine complex (ENOX/DOA) was incorporated in a payload of 2% (w/w) into MC-SEDDS and NL-SEDDS. After 90min 97% of MC-SEDDS and 5% of NL-SEDDS were degraded by pancreatic lipase. Both MC-SEDDS and NL-SEDDS showed sustained in vitro enoxaparin release. Furthermore, orally administrated MC-SEDDS and NL-SEDDS yielded an absolute enoxaparin bioavailability of 2.02% and 2.25%, respectively. CONCLUSION According to the abovementioned findings, SEDDS could be considered as a potential oral LMWH delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ožbej Zupančič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Julia Rohrer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irene Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Danninger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Partenhauser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadine Elli Sündermann
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Center for Biomodels and Experimental Medicine (CBEM), Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Xu H, Yang P, Ma H, Yin W, Wu X, Wang H, Xu D, Zhang X. Amphiphilic block copolymers-based mixed micelles for noninvasive drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3063-3071. [PMID: 26926462 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1149743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Peimin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Haifeng Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Weidong Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Xiangxia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, China
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Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Zhang H, Mi J, Huo Y, Huang X, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption enhancing effects of chitosan oligomers on the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight heparin in rats. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Al-Hilal TA, Park J, Alam F, Chung SW, Park JW, Kim K, Kwon IC, Kim IS, Kim SY, Byun Y. Oligomeric bile acid-mediated oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin. J Control Release 2013; 175:17-24. [PMID: 24333628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal transporters are limited to the transport of small molecular substrates. Here, we describe the development of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT)-targeted high-affinity oligomeric bile acid substrates that mediate the transmembrane transport of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Several oligomers of deoxycholic acid (oligoDOCA) were synthesized to investigate the substrate specificity of ASBT. To see the binding of oligoDOCA on the substrate-binding pocket of ASBT, molecular docking was used and the dissociation rate constants (KD) were measured using surface plasmon resonance. The KD for tetrameric DOCA (tetraDOCA) was 50-fold lower than that for monomeric DOCA, because tetraDOCA interacted with several hydrophobic grooves in the substrate-binding pocket of ASBT. The synthesized oligoDOCA compounds were subsequently chemically conjugated to macromolecular LMWH. In vitro, tetraDOCA-conjugated LMWH (LHe-tetraD) had highest selectivity for ASBT during its transport. Orally administered LHe-tetraD showed remarkable systemic anticoagulation activity and high oral bioavailability of 33.5±3.2% and 19.9±2.5% in rats and monkeys, respectively. Notably, LHe-tetraD successfully prevented thrombosis in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis. These results represent a major advancement in ASBT-mediated LMWH delivery and may facilitate administration of many important therapeutic macromolecules through a non-invasive oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslim A Al-Hilal
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Farzana Alam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seung Woo Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 534-729, South Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, South Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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10
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Al-Hilal TA, Alam F, Byun Y. Oral drug delivery systems using chemical conjugates or physical complexes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:845-64. [PMID: 23220326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery of therapeutics is extremely challenging. The digestive system is designed in a way that naturally allows the degradation of proteins or peptides into small molecules prior to absorption. For systemic absorption, the intact drug molecules must traverse the impending harsh gastrointestinal environment. Technologies, such as enteric coating, with oral dosage formulation strategies have successfully provided the protection of non-peptide based therapeutics against the harsh, acidic condition of the stomach. However, these technologies showed limited success on the protection of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Importantly, inherent permeability coefficient of the therapeutics is still a major problem that has remained unresolved for decades. Addressing this issue in the context, we summarize the strategies that are developed in enhancing the intestinal permeability of a drug molecule either by modifying the intestinal epithelium or by modifying the drug itself. These modifications have been pursued by using a group of molecules that can be conjugated to the drug molecule to alter the cell permeability of the drug or mixed with the drug molecule to alter the epithelial barrier function, in order to achieve the effective drug permeation. This article will address the current trends and future perspectives of the oral delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslim A Al-Hilal
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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İskenderoğlu C, Acartürk F, Erdoğan D, Bardakçı Y. In vitroandin vivoinvestigation of low molecular weight heparin–alginate beads for oral administration. J Drug Target 2013; 21:389-406. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.763040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Paliwal R, Paliwal SR, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP. Biomimetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Its Lipid Conjugates: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1314-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200109m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Paliwal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory and ‡Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India, 470003
| | - Shivani R. Paliwal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory and ‡Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India, 470003
| | - Govind P. Agrawal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory and ‡Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India, 470003
| | - Suresh P. Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory and ‡Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India, 470003
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13
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Paliwal R, Paliwal SR, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP. Recent advances in search of oral heparin therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:388-409. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh P. Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya; Sagar M.P. 470003 India
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14
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Feng X, Cheng Y, Yang K, Zhang J, Wu Q, Xu T. Host−Guest Chemistry of Dendrimer−Drug Complexes. 5. Insights into the Design of Formulations for Noninvasive Delivery of Heparin Revealed by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and NMR Studies. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11017-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
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Yu Q, Li P, Yang Q. Improving the absorption of earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes with mucosal enhancers. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:816-821. [PMID: 20645782 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903283681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes (EFEs), an ideal drug for cardiovascular diseases, have a very low oral bioavailability. In order to improve the absorption of EFEs, six different enhancers were selected to increase the intestinal absorption of EFEs. In vitro (Caco-2 monolayers) and in vivo (mice) experiments were carried out to find the optimum concentration and action time of these enhancers for EFE absorption. We found that EFEs could be transported into blood across intestinal endothelial membrane after administration via intragastric administration with low bioavailability. These results obtained from in vitro experiments were similar to those in vivo. Moreover, menthol and glucose showed absorption enhancement properties with a relatively low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Kowapradit J, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T, Ruktanonchai U, Sajomsang W. MethylatedN-(4-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamyl) chitosan enhances paracellular permeability across Caco-2 cells. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:301-12. [DOI: 10.3109/10717541003706273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Park JW, Kim SK, Al-Hilal TA, Jeon OC, Moon HT, Byun Y. Strategies for oral delivery of macromolecule drugs. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Lanke SSS, Gayakwad SG, Strom JG, D'souza MJ. Oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin microspheres prepared using biodegradable polymer matrix system. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:493-500. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040802465719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Zhong W, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Lipid Core Peptide System for Gene, Drug, and Vaccine Delivery. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A vast number of biologically active compounds await efficient delivery to become therapeutic agents. Lipidation has been demonstrated to be a convenient and useful approach to improve the stability and transport across biological membranes of potential drug molecules. The lipid core peptide (LCP) system has emerged as a promising lipidation tool because of its versatile features. This review discusses the progress in the development of the LCP system to improve cell permeability of nucleotides, physicochemical properties of potential drugs, and vaccine immunogenicity. Emphasis was put on the application of the LCP system to deliver antigens for the prevention of group A streptococcus infection, novel techniques of conjugation of target molecules to the LCP, and new alterations of the LCP system itself.
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Yu L, Gao Y, Yue X, Liu S, Dai Z. Novel hollow microcapsules based on iron-heparin complex multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13723-13729. [PMID: 18855487 DOI: 10.1021/la802611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron-polysaccharide complex have been extensively utilized in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia for parenteral administration. Herein, a novel iron-heparin complexed hollow capsules with nanoscaled wall thickness have been fabricated by means of alternating deposition of ferric ions (III) (Fe+) and heparin (Hep) onto the surface of submicroscaled (488 nm) and microscaled (10.55 microm) polystyrene latex particles via both electrostatic interaction and chemical complexation processes, followed by dissolution of the cores using tetrahydrofuran. Confocal micrographs and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images prove that iron-heparin complexed submicroscaled hollow capsules keep spherical shapes in solution and even after drying. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay shows that complexing with ferric ions do not compromise the catalytic capacity of heparin to promote antithrombin III-mediated thrombin inactivation. The anticoagulant activity value of (Fe3+/Hep)8 capsules is evaluated to be about 95.7 U/mg, indicating that approximately 0.55 mg heparin was in 1 mg powder of submicroscaled (Fe3+/Hep)8 hollow capsules. Compared with the same dosage of heparin, iron-heparin complexed hollow capsules display a more prolonged anticoagulant duration than heparin. All these results reveal that such submicroscaled iron-heparin complexed hollow capsules have application potential as an injectable anticoagulant vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Bio-X Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Baxendale IR, Hayward JJ, Ley SV, Tranmer GK. Pharmaceutical strategy and innovation: an academics perspective. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:768-88. [PMID: 17458911 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is under increasing pressure on many fronts, from investors requiring larger returns to consumer groups and health authorities demanding cheaper and safer drugs. It is also feeling additional pressure from the infringement upon its profit margins by generic drug producers. Many companies are aggressively pursuing outsourcing contracts in an attempt to counter many of the financial pressures and streamline their operations. At the same time, the productivity of the pharmaceutical industry at its science base is being questioned in terms of the number of products and the timeframes required for each company to deliver them to market. This has generated uncertainties regarding the current corporate strategies that have been adopted and the levels of innovation being demonstrated. In this essay we discuss these topics in the context of the global pharmaceutical market, investigating the basis for many of these issues and highlighting the hurdles the industry needs to overcome, especially as they relate to the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Baxendale
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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Self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes between chitosan derivatives and enoxaparin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:417-25. [PMID: 18294825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) formed from chitosan derivatives and enoxaparin were prepared and parameters influencing complex formation were characterized. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser doppler anemometry (LDA) were used to study the complexation process. Surface morphology of the PECs was observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The PEC formation process was influenced by a variety of parameters, including the system pH, polymer/enoxaparin mass ratio, polymer molecular weight, concentration and structure. Soluble complexes in the size range of 200-500 nm with spherical morphology could be obtained at optimized polymer/enoxaparin ratios in the pH range of 3.0-6.5, with positive charge and drug encapsulation efficiency of approximately 90%. An increase in ionic strength of the medium accelerated the dissociation of chitosan/enoxaparin complexes. In contrast, chitosan thiolation, methylation and PEGylation significantly improved the stability of the complexes. Physicochemical properties of the PECs, including particle size, charge density and morphology, could be modified by using different chitosan derivatives. On the basis of our results, we suggest that interactions involved in PEC formation were partly electrostatic in nature, involving the positively charged chitosan derivatives and the negatively charged enoxaparin at pH values in the vicinity of the pKa interval of the two polymers. Oral absorption of the polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes will be studied in vivo.
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Loftsson T, Vogensen SB, Brewster ME, Konrádsdóttir F. Effects of Cyclodextrins on Drug Delivery Through Biological Membranes. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2532-46. [PMID: 17630644 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have proven themselves to be useful functional excipients. Cyclodextrin derivatives can be hydrophilic or relatively lipophilic based on their substitution and these properties can give insight into their ability to act as permeability enhancers. Lipophilic cyclodextrins such as the methylated derivatives are thought to increase drug flux by altering barrier properties of the membrane through component extraction or fluidization. The hydrophilic cyclodextrin family also modulate drug flux through membranes but via different mechanisms. The current effort seeks to provide various explanations for these observations based on interactions of hydrophilic cyclodextrins with the unstirred water layer that separates the bulk media from biological membranes such as the gastric mucosa, cornea and reproductive tract. Theories on the serial nature of resistances to drug flux are used to explain why hydrophilic cyclodextrins can enhance drug uptake in some situation (i.e., for lipophilic material) but not in others. In addition, the nature of secondary equilibria and competition between cyclodextrins and rheologically important biopolymers such as mucin are assessed to give a complete picture of the effect of these starch derivatives. This information can be useful not only in understanding the actions of cyclodextrin but also in expanding their application and uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Thanou M, Henderson S, Kydonieus A, Elson C. N-sulfonato-N,O-carboxymethylchitosan: A novel polymeric absorption enhancer for the oral delivery of macromolecules. J Control Release 2007; 117:171-8. [PMID: 17184870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has been shown to act on the mucosal epithelial barriers mainly when protonated at acidic pH values in which it is soluble. Soluble chitosan is able to improve the permeation and absorption of neutral to cationic macromolecules only, as it forms polyelectrolyte complexes with anionic macromolecules. LMWH (Low Molecular Weight Heparin) is an anionic polysaccharide finding clinical application as an improved antithrombotic agent compared to Unfractionated Heparin (UFH). In this study we have employed N-sulfonato-N,O-carboxymethylchitosan (SNOCC) as a potential intestinal absorption enhancer of LMWH, Reviparin. SNOCC was prepared at 3 different viscosity grades 20, 40 and 60 cps and identified as SNOCC-20, SNOCC-40 and SNOCC-60, respectively. SNOCC materials were tested in vitro for their ability to decrease the Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 cell monolayers. They were further tested as transport enhancers of hydrophilic compounds such as (14)C-mannitol, FITC-Dextran (MW 4400 Da) and Reviparin (LMWH). Solutions of Reviparin, with or without SNOCC, were administered intraduodenally in vivo in rats and the absorption of the drug was assessed by measuring the Anti-Xa levels in rat plasma. In vitro studies showed that SNOCC materials were able to induce a concentration dependent decrease in the TEER of the Caco-2 monolayers. SNOCC-40 and -60 were shown to decrease resistance more readily compared to the low viscosity SNOCC-20. (14)C-mannitol permeation data across intestinal epithelia were in agreement with the observed decrease in TEER; the higher viscosity SNOCC-60 was the most effective demonstrating a 51-fold enhancement of the permeation of the radiolabeled marker. Studies with both FITC-Dextran and Reviparin demonstrated significantly increased permeation across Caco-2 cell monolayers when they were co-incubated at the apical side of the monolayer. Intestinal absorption of Reviparin in rats was increased when it was co-administered with SNOCC-40 and -60, in agreement with in vitro data. Anti-Xa levels were elevated to and above the antithrombotic levels and were sustained for at least 6 h, giving an 18.5-fold increase in the AUC of LMWH in rats. In conclusion, SNOCC-40 and -60 have been shown to enhance both permeation and absorption of Reviparin across intestinal epithelia proving their potential as polymeric absorption enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thanou
- Genetic Therapies Centre, Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW72AZ, London, UK.
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Hsieh TC, Wu P, Park S, Wu JM. Induction of cell cycle changes and modulation of apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic and extracellular signaling regulatory protein expression by water extracts of I'm-Yunity (PSP). Altern Ther Health Med 2006; 6:30. [PMID: 16965632 PMCID: PMC1574346 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) is a mushroom extract derived from deep-layer cultivated mycelia of the patented Cov-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor (CV), which contains as its main bioactive ingredient a family of polysaccharo-peptide with heterogeneous charge properties and molecular sizes. I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) is used as a dietary supplement by cancer patients and by individuals diagnosed with various chronic diseases. Laboratory studies have shown that I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) enhances immune functions and also modulates cellular responses to external challenges. Recently, I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) was also reported to exert potent anti-tumorigenic effects, evident by suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. We investigate the mechanisms by which I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) elicits these effects. Methods Human leukemia HL-60 and U-937 cells were incubated with increasing doses of aqueous extracts of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP). Control and treated cells were harvested at various times and analyzed for changes in: (1) cell proliferation and viability, (2) cell cycle phase transition, (3) induction of apoptosis, (4) expression of cell cycle, apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic, and extracellular regulatory proteins. Results Aqueous extracts of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HL-60 and U-937 cells, accompanied by a cell type-dependent disruption of the G1/S and G2/M phases of cell cycle progression. A more pronounced growth suppression was observed in treated HL-60 cells, which was correlated with time- and dose-dependent down regulation of the retinoblastoma protein Rb, diminution in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins bcl-2 and survivin, increase in apoptogenic proteins bax and cytochrome c, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) from its native 112-kDa form to the 89-kDa truncated product. Moreover, I'm-Yunity™ (PSP)-treated HL-60 cells also showed a substantial decrease in p65 and to a lesser degree p50 forms of transcription factor NF-κB, which was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) also elicited an increase in STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and correspondingly, decrease in the expression of activated form of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Conclusion Aqueous extracts of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) induces cell cycle arrest and alterations in the expression of apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic and extracellular signaling regulatory proteins in human leukemia cells, the net result being suppression of proliferation and increase in apoptosis. These findings may contribute to the reported clinical and overall health effects of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-chen Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Peili Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Spencer Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Joseph M Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Motlekar NA, Youan BBC. The quest for non-invasive delivery of bioactive macromolecules: a focus on heparins. J Control Release 2006; 113:91-101. [PMID: 16777255 PMCID: PMC1539865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of a non-invasive drug delivery system for unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) has been the elusive goal of several research groups since the initial discovery of this glycosaminogylcan by McLean in 1916. After a brief update on current parenteral formulations of UFH and LMWHs, this review revisits past and current strategies intended to identify alternative routes of administration (e.g. oral, sublingual, rectal, nasal, pulmonary and transdermal). The following strategies have been used to improve the bioavailability of this bioactive macromolecule by various routes: (i) enhancement in cell-membrane permeabilization, (ii) modification of the tight-junctions, (iii) increase in lipophilicity and (iv) protection against acidic pH of the stomach. Regardless of the route of administration, a simplified unifying principle for successful non-invasive macromolecular drug delivery may be: "to reversibly overcome the biological, biophysical and biochemical barriers and to safely and efficiently improve the in vivo spatial and temporal control of the drug in order to achieve a clinically acceptable therapeutic advantage". Future macromolecular drug delivery research should embrace a more systemic approach taking into account recent advances in genomics/proteomics and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat A. Motlekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Bi-Botti C. Youan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 806 356 4015x236; fax: +1 806 354 4034. E-mail address: (B.-B.C. Youan)
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MOTLEKAR NUSRATA, SRIVENUGOPAL KALKUNTES, WACHTEL MITCHELLS, YOUAN BIBOTTIC. Oral delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin using sodium caprate as absorption enhancer reaches therapeutic levels. J Drug Target 2006; 13:573-83. [PMID: 16390818 PMCID: PMC1993550 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500471906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate sodium caprate as an oral penetration enhancer for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), ardeparin. In vitro studies using Caco-2 cell monolayer indicated that 0.0625% of sodium caprate gave approximately 2-fold enhancement of ardeparin compared to negative control with almost 100% cell survival as evaluated by MTT cytotoxicity assay. In vivo studies in rats with ardeparin (1,200 IU/kg) and sodium caprate (100 mg/kg) led to a relative bioavailability of 27% with plasma anti-factor Xa levels within the therapeutic range (>0.2 IU/ml). Moreover, under these conditions, histological examination provided evidence that there was no damage to the gastrointestinal wall. Regional permeability studies using rat intestine indicated the colon as the region of maximum permeation. These results suggest that, at the dose administered, sodium caprate acts as a relatively safe and efficient absorption enhancer in the quest for alternatives for the oral delivery of LMWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- NUSRAT A. MOTLEKAR
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA, and
| | - KALKUNTE S. SRIVENUGOPAL
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA, and
| | - MITCHELL S. WACHTEL
- Department of Pathology, Divisions of Anatomic Pathology and
Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas,
USA
| | - BI-BOTTI C. YOUAN
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA, and
- Correspondence: B. C. Youan, Texas Tech University Health Sciences
Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA. Tel: 806 356 4015. Ext.
236. Fax: 806 354 4034. E-mail:
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Motlekar NA, Srivenugopal KS, Wachtel MS, Youan BBC. Evaluation of the Oral Bioavailability of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Formulated With Glycyrrhetinic Acid as Permeation Enhancer. Drug Dev Res 2006; 67:166-174. [PMID: 17710191 PMCID: PMC1948842 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the agent of choice for anticoagulant therapy and prophylaxis of thrombosis and coronary syndromes. However, its therapeutic use is limited due to poor oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral delivery of LMWH, ardeparin formulated with 18-beta glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), as an alternative to currently used subcutaneous (sc) delivery. Drug transport through Caco-2 cell monolayers was monitored in the presence and absence of GA by scintillation counting and transepithelial electrical resistance. Regional permeability studies using rat intestine were performed using a modified Ussing chamber. Cell viability in the presence of various concentrations of enhancer was determined by MTT assay. The absorption of ardeparin after oral administration in rats was measured by an anti-factor Xa assay. Furthermore, the eventual mucosal epithelial damage was histologically evaluated. Higher ardeparin permeability (~7-fold) compared to control was observed in the presence of 0.02 % GA. Regional permeability studies indicated predominant absorption in the duodenal segment. Cell viability studies showed no significant cytotoxicity below 0.01 % GA. Ardeparin oral bioavailability was significantly increased (F(relative)/(S.C). = 13.3%) without causing any damage to the intestinal tissues. GA enhanced the oral absorption of ardeparin both in vitro and in vivo. The oral formulation of ardeparin with GA could be absorbed in the intestine. These results suggest that GA may be used as an absorption enhancer for the oral delivery of LMWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat A. Motlekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Kalkunte S. Srivenugopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Mitchell S. Wachtel
- Department of Pathology, Divisions of Anatomic Pathology and
Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Bi-Botti C. Youan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
- *Correspondence to: Bi-Botti C. Youan, PhD., Texas
Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy. 1300 Coulter Drive,
Amarillo, TX 79106. E-mail:
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Hayes PY, Ross BP, Thomas BG, Toth I. Polycationic lipophilic-core dendrons as penetration enhancers for the oral administration of low molecular weight heparin. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:143-52. [PMID: 16169233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two polycationic lipophilic-core carbohydrate-based dendrons 2a-b and five polycationic lipophilic-core peptide dendrons 3-6, containing four arginine or lysine terminal residues, were synthesized and then tested in rats as penetration enhancers for the oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin. Better results were obtained with dendrons containing terminal lysine residues than terminal arginine. A significant anti-factor Xa activity was obtained when low molecular weight heparin was coadministered with dendron 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Y Hayes
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, and School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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