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Dorresteijn B, Rotman M, Faber D, Schravesande R, Suidgeest E, van der Weerd L, van der Maarel SM, Verrips CT, El Khattabi M. Camelid heavy chain only antibody fragment domain against β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibits β-secretase activityin vitroandin vivo. FEBS J 2015; 282:3618-31. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Dorresteijn
- Biomolecular Imaging Group; Division of Cell Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Rotman
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Faber
- Biomolecular Imaging Group; Division of Cell Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Schravesande
- Biomolecular Imaging Group; Division of Cell Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis T. Verrips
- Biomolecular Imaging Group; Division of Cell Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
- QVQ Holding BV; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed El Khattabi
- Biomolecular Imaging Group; Division of Cell Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
- QVQ Holding BV; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Castillo-Carranza DL, Guerrero-Muñoz MJ, Kayed R. Immunotherapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid-β or tau, which is the right target? Immunotargets Ther 2013; 3:19-28. [PMID: 27471697 PMCID: PMC4918231 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s40131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques composed mainly of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Overproduction or slow clearance of Aβ initiates a cascade of pathologic events that may lead to formation of neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell death, and dementia. Although immunotherapy in animal models has been demonstrated to be successful at removing plaques or prefibrillar forms of Aβ, clinical trials have yielded disappointing results. The lack of substantial cognitive improvement obtained by targeting Aβ raises the question of whether or not this is the correct target. Another important pathologic process in the AD brain is tau aggregation, which seems to become independent once initiated. Recent studies targeting tau in AD mouse models have displayed evidence of cognitive improvement, providing a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In this review, we describe new advances in immunotherapy targeting Aβ peptide and tau protein, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Castillo-Carranza
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Marcos J Guerrero-Muñoz
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ubhi K, Masliah E. Recent advances in the development of immunotherapies for tauopathies. Exp Neurol 2011; 230:157-61. [PMID: 20970422 PMCID: PMC3125641 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has traditionally focused on the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and has shown great potential in both animal and human studies. However, an emerging body of work has begun to concentrate on tau and to develop immunization protocols designed to decrease tau pathology in AD and other tauopathies. This commentary will discuss the use of immunotherapy for AD, focusing on tau immunotherapy in the context of recent reports on the use of tau phospho-peptides in transgenic models of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiren Ubhi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Havas D, Hutter-Paier B, Ubhi K, Rockenstein E, Crailsheim K, Masliah E, Windisch M. A longitudinal study of behavioral deficits in an AβPP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 25:231-43. [PMID: 21403389 PMCID: PMC4944527 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the age-dependent alterations in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) is important for understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and designing experimental therapies. Cross-studies have previously characterized some time-dependent behavioral and pathological alterations in AβPP Tg mice, however, a more comprehensive longitudinal study is needed to fully examine the progressive nature of behavioral deficits in these mice. In order to better understand the age- and gender-dependent progression of behavioral alterations, we performed a longitudinal study wherein Tg mice overexpressing human AβPP751 with the London (V717I) and Swedish (K670M/N671L) mutations under the regulatory control of the neuron specific murine (m)Thy-1 promoter (mThy1-hAβPP751) were behaviorally analyzed at 3 months and then re-tested at 6 and 9 months of age. The results show that there was an age-associated impairment in learning in the water maze task and habituation in the hole-board task. Motor coordination of the mThy1-hAβPP751 Tg mice was well-preserved throughout the investigated life span however, gender-specific deficits were observed in spontaneous activity and thigmotaxis. Neuropathologically, mThy1-hAβPP751 Tg mice displayed a progressive increase in the number of Aβ plaques and mean plaque size in the cortex and hippocampus from 3 to 6 and from 6 to 9 months of age. Taken together, these results indicate that the mThy1-hAβPP751 Tg mice model AD from the early onset of the disease through to later stages, allowing them to be utilized at numerous points during the timeline for drug test designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiren Ubhi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karl Crailsheim
- Department of Zoology, Karl Franzens-University, 8010, Austria
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Hiratsuka T, Matsuzaki S, Miyata S, Kinoshita M, Kakehi K, Nishida S, Katayama T, Tohyama M. Yokukansan inhibits neuronal death during ER stress by regulating the unfolded protein response. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13280. [PMID: 20967273 PMCID: PMC2953506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, several studies have reported Yokukansan (Tsumura TJ-54), a traditional Japanese medicine, as a potential new drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, particularly in neuronal death. Therefore, we examined the effect of Yokukansan on ER stress-induced neurotoxicity and on familial AD-linked presenilin-1 mutation-associated cell death. METHODS We employed the WST-1 assay and monitored morphological changes to evaluate cell viability following Yokukansan treatment or treatment with its components. Western blotting and PCR were used to observe the expression levels of GRP78/BiP, caspase-4 and C/EBP homologous protein. RESULTS Yokukansan inhibited neuronal death during ER stress, with Cnidii Rhizoma (Senkyu), a component of Yokukansan, being particularly effective. We also showed that Yokukansan and Senkyu affect the unfolded protein response following ER stress and that these drugs inhibit the activation of caspase-4, resulting in the inhibition of ER stress-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, we found that the protective effect of Yokukansan and Senkyu against ER stress could be attributed to the ferulic acid content of these two drugs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Yokukansan, Senkyu and ferulic acid are protective against ER stress-induced neuronal cell death and may provide a possible new treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hiratsuka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Biopharmaco Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kakehi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaco Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Nishida
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Solomon B, Frenkel D. Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide has become a major therapeutic target in AD on the basis of pathological, biochemical and genetic evidence that supports a role for this molecule in the disease process. Active and passive Abeta immunotherapies have been shown to lower cerebral Abeta levels and improve cognition in animal models of AD. In humans, dosing in the phase II clinical trial of the AN1792 Abeta vaccine was stopped when approximately 6% of the immunized patients developed meningoencephalitis. However, some plaque clearance and modest clinical improvements were observed in patients following immunization. As a result of this study, at least seven passive Abeta immunotherapies are now in clinical trials in patients with mild to moderate AD. Several second-generation active Abeta vaccines are also in early clinical trials. On the basis of preclinical studies and the limited data from clinical trials, Abeta immunotherapy might be most effective in preventing or slowing the progression of AD when patients are immunized before or in the very earliest stages of disease onset. Biomarkers for AD and imaging technology have improved greatly over the past 10 years and, in the future, might be used to identify presymptomatic, at-risk individuals who might benefit from Abeta immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Lemere
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, New Research Building 636F, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
With the aging of the population, the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease will grow, increasing the burden on individuals and society. While ameliorating symptoms, the currently available treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration do not halt progression or cure the illness. This article discusses recent data on treatment strategies targeting amyloid and tau pathology. Novel therapeutic strategies such as inhibitors of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), potential mitochondrial modification with Dimebon, anti-inflammatory approaches, and cholesterol-lowering agents are also reviewed. An update on results from pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic prevention trials is provided.
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