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Sáez-Orellana F, Leroy T, Ribeiro F, Kreis A, Leroy K, Lalloyer F, Baugé E, Staels B, Duyckaerts C, Brion JP, Gailly P, Octave JN, Pierrot N. Regulation of PPARα by APP in Alzheimer disease affects the pharmacological modulation of synaptic activity. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150099. [PMID: 34228639 PMCID: PMC8410016 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among genetic susceptibility loci associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), genetic polymorphisms identified in genes encoding lipid carriers led to the hypothesis that a disruption of lipid metabolism could promote disease progression. We previously reported that amyloid precursor protein (APP) involved in Alzheimer disease (AD) physiopathology impairs lipid synthesis needed for cortical networks' activity and that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a metabolic regulator involved in lipid metabolism, improves synaptic plasticity in an AD mouse model. These observations led us to investigate a possible correlation between PPARα function and full-length APP expression. Here, we report that PPARα expression and activation were inversely related to APP expression both in LOAD brains and in early-onset AD cases with a duplication of the APP gene, but not in control human brains. Moreover, human APP expression decreased PPARA expression and its related target genes in transgenic mice and in cultured cortical cells, while opposite results were observed in APP-silenced cortical networks. In cultured neurons, APP-mediated decrease or increase in synaptic activity was corrected by a PPARα-specific agonist and antagonist, respectively. APP-mediated control of synaptic activity was abolished following PPARα deficiency, indicating a key function of PPARα in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Kreis
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Eric Baugé
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- University of Sorbonne, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, and Paris Brain Institute, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Functions and dysfunctions of nitric oxide in brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1949-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Berger J, Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Kunze M. Peroxisomes in brain development and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:934-55. [PMID: 26686055 PMCID: PMC4880039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes contain numerous enzymatic activities that are important for mammalian physiology. Patients lacking either all peroxisomal functions or a single enzyme or transporter function typically develop severe neurological deficits, which originate from aberrant development of the brain, demyelination and loss of axonal integrity, neuroinflammation or other neurodegenerative processes. Whilst correlating peroxisomal properties with a compilation of pathologies observed in human patients and mouse models lacking all or individual peroxisomal functions, we discuss the importance of peroxisomal metabolites and tissue- and cell type-specific contributions to the observed brain pathologies. This enables us to deconstruct the local and systemic contribution of individual metabolic pathways to specific brain functions. We also review the recently discovered variability of pathological symptoms in cases with unexpectedly mild presentation of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Finally, we explore the emerging evidence linking peroxisomes to more common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Peroxisomes edited by Ralf Erdmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Kunze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Falcone R, Marilena Florio T, Giacomo ED, Benedetti E, Cristiano L, Antonosante A, Fidoamore A, Massimi M, Alecci M, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. PPARβ/δ and γ in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Possible Involvement in PD Symptoms. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:844-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Falcone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | | | - Erica Di Giacomo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Mara Massimi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Marcello Alecci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
- Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN); L'Aquila Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences; University of Siena; Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Italy
- Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN); L'Aquila Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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5
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Young JM, Nelson JW, Cheng J, Zhang W, Mader S, Davis CM, Morrison RS, Alkayed NJ. Peroxisomal biogenesis in ischemic brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:109-20. [PMID: 25226217 PMCID: PMC4281844 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Peroxisomes are highly adaptable and dynamic organelles, adjusting their size, number, and enzyme composition to changing environmental and metabolic demands. We determined whether peroxisomes respond to ischemia, and whether peroxisomal biogenesis is an adaptive response to cerebral ischemia. RESULTS Focal cerebral ischemia induced peroxisomal biogenesis in peri-infarct neurons, which was associated with a corresponding increase in peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme catalase. Peroxisomal biogenesis was also observed in primary cultured cortical neurons subjected to ischemic insult induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). A catalase inhibitor increased OGD-induced neuronal death. Moreover, preventing peroxisomal proliferation by knocking down dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) exacerbated neuronal death induced by OGD, whereas enhancing peroxisomal biogenesis pharmacologically using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist protected against neuronal death induced by OGD. INNOVATION This is the first documentation of ischemia-induced peroxisomal biogenesis in mammalian brain using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach, electron microscopy, high-resolution laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that neurons respond to ischemic injury by increasing peroxisome biogenesis, which serves a protective function, likely mediated by enhanced antioxidant capacity of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Young
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Giordano CR, Terlecky LJ, Bollig-Fischer A, Walton PA, Terlecky SR. Amyloid-beta neuroprotection mediated by a targeted antioxidant. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4983. [PMID: 24828380 PMCID: PMC4021325 DOI: 10.1038/srep04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity is a major contributor to the pathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an early response induced by the peptide and oligomeric derivatives of Aβ, plays a significant role in effecting cellular pathogenesis. Here we employ particularly toxic forms of Aβ with cultured primary cortical/hippocampal neurons to elicit ROS and drive cellular dysfunction. To prevent and even reverse such effects, we utilized a cell-penetrating, peroxisome-targeted, protein biologic--called CAT-SKL. We show the recombinant enzyme enters neurons, reverses Aβ-induced oxidative stress, and increases cell viability. Dramatic restorative effects on damaged neuronal processes were also observed. In addition, we used DNA microarrays to determine Aβ's effects on gene expression in neurons, as well as the ability of CAT-SKL to modify such Aβ-induced expression profiles. Our results suggest that CAT-SKL, a targeted antioxidant, may represent a new therapeutic approach for treatment of disorders, like Alzheimer's disease, that are driven through oxidative stress. Preclinical testing is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R. Giordano
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Laura J. Terlecky
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Paul A. Walton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CA, N6A 5C1
| | - Stanley R. Terlecky
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
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Effects of the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate on acute and short-term consequences of brain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:542-51. [PMID: 24398933 PMCID: PMC3948136 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In stroke, there is an imperative need to develop disease-modifying drugs able to (1) induce neuroprotection and vasculoprotection, (2) modulate recovery and brain plasticity, and (3) limit the short-term motor and cognitive consequences. We hypothesized that fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist, could exert a beneficial effect on immediate and short-term poststroke consequences related to its pleiotropic mechanisms. Rats or mice were subjected to focal ischemia to determine the effects of acute treatment by fenofibrate on (i) motor and memory impairment, (2) both cerebral and vascular compartments, (3) inflammation, (4) neurogenesis, and (5) amyloid cascade. We show that fenofibrate administration results in both neuronal and vascular protection and prevents the short-term motor and cognitive poststroke consequences by interaction with several mechanisms. Modulation of PPAR-α generates beneficial effects in the immediate poststroke consequences by mechanisms involving the interactions between polynuclear neutrophils and the vessel wall, and microglial activation. Fenofibrate modulates mechanisms involved in neurorepair and amyloid cascade. Our results suggest that PPAR-α agonists could check the key points of a potential disease-modifying effect in stroke.
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Cimini A, Gentile R, D'Angelo B, Benedetti E, Cristiano L, Avantaggiati ML, Giordano A, Ferri C, Desideri G. Cocoa powder triggers neuroprotective and preventive effects in a human Alzheimer's disease model by modulating BDNF signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2209-20. [PMID: 23554028 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms linking Aβ to the onset of neurotoxicity are still largely unknown, but several lines of evidence point to reactive oxygen species, which are produced even under the effect of nanomolar concentrations of soluble Aβ-oligomers. The consequent oxidative stress is considered as the mediator of a cascade of degenerative events in many neurological disorders. Epidemiological studies indicate that dietary habits and antioxidants from diet can influence the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the recent years, a number of reviews have reported on neuroprotective effects of polyphenols in cell and animal models. However, the majority of these studies have focused only on the anti-oxidant properties of these compounds and less on the mechanism/s of action at cellular level. In this work we investigated the effect of cocoa polyphenolic extract on a human AD in vitro model. The results obtained, other than confirming the anti-oxidant properties of cocoa, demonstrate that cocoa polyphenols triggers neuroprotection by activating BDNF survival pathway, both on Aβ plaque treated cells and on Aβ oligomers treated cells, resulting in the counteraction of neurite dystrophy. On the light of the results obtained the use of cocoa powder as preventive agent for neurodegeneration is further supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Cimini A, Gentile R, Angelucci F, Benedetti E, Pitari G, Giordano A, Ippoliti R. Neuroprotective effects of PrxI over-expression in an in vitro human Alzheimer's disease model. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:708-15. [PMID: 23060010 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous proteins that recently attracted major interests in view of the strict correlation observed in several cell lines and/or tissues between different levels of their expression and the increased capacity of cells to survive in different pathophysiological conditions. They are recently considered as the most important enzymes regulating the concentration of hydroperoxides inside the cells. Most of neurodisorders such as Parkinson, Huntington, Alzheimer's diseases, and ischemic injury are characterized by conditions of oxidative stress inside cells. In these pathophysiological conditions, a strict correlation between cell survival and Prx expression has been found. In CNS all the Prx isoforms are present though with different expression pattern depending on cell phenotype. Interestingly, neurons treated with amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), showed an overexpression of PrxI. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of PrxI after Aβ exposure and the underlying mechanisms by which PrxI expression counteracts cell death was investigated in a well established human AD in vitro model. Taking advantage on cells transfected by a construct where human PrxI is fused with a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the C-terminus, we report some events at the basis of cell survival after Aβ injury, suggesting possible new signal cascades dealing with the antiapoptotic effect of PrxI. The results obtained indicated a protective role for PrxI in counteracting Aβ injury by increasing cell viability, preserving neurites, and decreasing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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10
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Fanelli F, Sepe S, D’Amelio M, Bernardi C, Cristiano L, Cimini A, Cecconi F, Ceru' MP, Moreno S. Age-dependent roles of peroxisomes in the hippocampus of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:8. [PMID: 23374228 PMCID: PMC3599312 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, especially affecting the hippocampus. Impairment of cognitive and memory functions is associated with amyloid β-peptide-induced oxidative stress and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this scenario, the dual role of peroxisomes in producing and removing ROS, and their function in fatty acids β-oxidation, may be critical. This work aims to investigating the possible involvement of peroxisomes in AD onset and progression, as studied in a transgenic mouse model, harboring the human Swedish familial AD mutation. We therefore characterized the peroxisomal population in the hippocampus, focusing on early, advanced, and late stages of the disease (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months of age). Several peroxisome-related markers in transgenic and wild-type hippocampal formation were comparatively studied, by a combined molecular/immunohistochemical/ultrastructural approach. RESULTS Our results demonstrate early and significant peroxisomal modifications in AD mice, compared to wild-type. Indeed, the peroxisomal membrane protein of 70 kDa and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 are induced at 3 months, possibly reflecting the need for efficient fatty acid β-oxidation, as a compensatory response to mitochondrial dysfunction. The concomitant presence of oxidative damage markers and the altered expression of antioxidant enzymes argue for early oxidative stress in AD. During physiological and pathological brain aging, important changes in the expression of peroxisome-related proteins, also correlating with ongoing gliosis, occur in the hippocampus. These age- and genotype-based alterations, strongly dependent on the specific marker considered, indicate metabolic and/or numerical remodeling of peroxisomal population. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data support functional and biogenetic relationships linking peroxisomes to mitochondria and suggest peroxisomal proteins as biomarkers/therapeutic targets in pre-symptomatic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Biology-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Sepe
- Department of Biology-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bernardi
- Department of Radiological Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, UOC Pathological Anatomy, San Filippo Neri Hospital, via Martinotti 20, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, (AQ), Italy
| | - AnnaMaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, (AQ), Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Ceru'
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, Coppito, (AQ), Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Biology-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, viale Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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Fransen M, Nordgren M, Wang B, Apanasets O, Van Veldhoven PP. Aging, age-related diseases and peroxisomes. Subcell Biochem 2013; 69:45-65. [PMID: 23821142 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is considered as one of the biggest risk factors for the development of multiple diseases such as cancer, type-2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration. In addition, it is widely accepted that these age-related diseases result from a combination of various genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. As biological aging is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are not yet fully understood. However, a significant amount of evidence supports the theory that oxidative stress may act as a primary etiologic factor. Indeed, many signaling components like kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors are exquisitely sensitive to the cellular redox status, and a chronic or severe disturbance in redox homeostasis can promote cell proliferation or trigger cell death. Now, almost 50 years after their discovery, there is a wealth of evidence that peroxisomes can function as a subcellular source, sink, or target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules. Yet, the possibility that these organelles may act as a signaling platform for a variety of age-related processes has so far been underestimated and largely neglected. In this review, we will critically discuss the possible role of peroxisomes in the human aging process in light of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fransen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 601, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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D'Agostino G, Russo R, Avagliano C, Cristiano C, Meli R, Calignano A. Palmitoylethanolamide protects against the amyloid-β25-35-induced learning and memory impairment in mice, an experimental model of Alzheimer disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1784-92. [PMID: 22414817 PMCID: PMC3358748 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Amyloid-β deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and neuro-inflammation are the major pathogenic mechanisms that in concert lead to memory dysfunction and decline of cognition. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is the naturally occurring lipid amide between palmitic acid and ethanolamine. Despite its clear role in inflammation and pain control, only limited in vitro evidence exist about a role for PEA in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we describe the neuroprotective activities of PEA in mice injected intracerebroventricularly with amyloid-β 25-35 (Ab25-35) peptide (9 nmol). We used spatial and non-spatial memory tasks to evaluate learning and memory dysfunctions. Ab25-35 injection significantly impaired spontaneous alternation performances, water maze spatial reference and working-like memory, and novel object recognition test. PEA was administered once a day (3-30 mg/kg, subcutaneously), starting 3 h after Ab25-35, for 1 or 2 weeks. PEA reduced (10 mg/kg) or prevented (30 mg/kg) behavioral impairments induced by Ab25-35 injection. PEA failed to rescue memory deficits induced by Ab25-35 injection in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) null mice. GW7647 (2-(4-(2-(1-cyclohexanebutyl)-3-cyclohexylureido)ethyl)phenylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid; 5 mg/kg per day), a synthetic PPAR-α agonist, mimicked the effect of PEA. Acute treatment with PEA was ineffective. According with the neuroprotective profile of PEA observed during behavioral studies, experimental molecular and biochemical markers induced by Ab25-35 injection, such as lipid peroxidation, protein nytrosylation, inducible nitric oxide synthase induction, and caspase3 activation, were reduced by PEA treatment. These data disclose novel findings about the therapeutic potential of PEA, unrevealing a previously unknown therapeutic possibility to treat memory deficits associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy. Tel: +39 (0) 81678411; Fax: +39 (0) 81678403, E-mail:
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Islinger M, Grille S, Fahimi HD, Schrader M. The peroxisome: an update on mysteries. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:547-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Fission and proliferation of peroxisomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:1343-57. [PMID: 22240198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are remarkably dynamic, multifunctional organelles, which react to physiological changes in their cellular environment and adopt their morphology, number, enzyme content and metabolic functions accordingly. At the organelle level, the key molecular machinery controlling peroxisomal membrane elongation and remodeling as well as membrane fission is becoming increasingly established and defined. Key players in peroxisome division are conserved in animals, plants and fungi, and key fission components are shared with mitochondria. However, the physiological stimuli and corresponding signal transduction pathways regulating and modulating peroxisome maintenance and proliferation are, despite a few exceptions, largely unexplored. There is emerging evidence that peroxisomal dynamics and proper regulation of peroxisome number and morphology are crucial for the physiology of the cell, as well as for the pathology of the organism. Here, we discuss several key aspects of peroxisomal fission and proliferation and highlight their association with certain diseases. We address signaling and transcriptional events resulting in peroxisome proliferation, and focus on novel findings concerning the key division components and their interplay. Finally, we present an updated model of peroxisomal growth and division. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Health and Disease.
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Grimm MOW, Kuchenbecker J, Rothhaar TL, Grösgen S, Hundsdörfer B, Burg VK, Friess P, Müller U, Grimm HS, Riemenschneider M, Hartmann T. Plasmalogen synthesis is regulated via alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate-synthase by amyloid precursor protein processing and is affected in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2011; 116:916-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Islinger M, Cardoso MJR, Schrader M. Be different--the diversity of peroxisomes in the animal kingdom. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:881-97. [PMID: 20347886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes represent so-called "multipurpose organelles" as they contribute to various anabolic as well as catabolic pathways. Thus, with respect to the physiological specialization of an individual organ or animal species, peroxisomes exhibit a functional diversity, which is documented by significant variations in their proteome. These differences are usually regarded as an adaptational response to the nutritional and environmental life conditions of a specific organism. Thus, human peroxisomes can be regarded as an in part physiologically unique organellar entity fulfilling metabolic functions that differ from our animal model systems. In line with this, a profound understanding on how peroxisomes acquired functional heterogeneity in terms of an evolutionary and mechanistic background is required. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the heterogeneity of peroxisomal physiology, providing insights into the genetic and cell biological mechanisms, which lead to the differential localization or expression of peroxisomal proteins and further gives an overview on peroxisomal biochemical pathways, which are specialized in different animal species and organs. Moreover, it addresses the impact of proteome studies on our understanding of differential peroxisome function describing the utility of mass spectrometry and computer-assisted algorithms to identify peroxisomal target sequences for the detection of new organ- or species-specific peroxisomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Islinger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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