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Davola ME, Cormier O, Vito A, El-Sayes N, Collins S, Salem O, Revill S, Ask K, Wan Y, Mossman K. Oncolytic BHV-1 Is Sufficient to Induce Immunogenic Cell Death and Synergizes with Low-Dose Chemotherapy to Dampen Immunosuppressive T Regulatory Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041295. [PMID: 36831636 PMCID: PMC9953776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can switch immunologically "cold" tumors "hot", making them sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Many therapeutic platforms combine multiple modalities such as oncolytic viruses (OVs) and low-dose chemotherapy to induce ICD and improve prognostic outcomes. We previously detailed many unique properties of oncolytic bovine herpesvirus type 1 (oBHV) that suggest widespread clinical utility. Here, we show for the first time, the ability of oBHV monotherapy to induce bona fide ICD and tumor-specific activation of circulating CD8+ T cells in a syngeneic murine model of melanoma. The addition of low-dose mitomycin C (MMC) was necessary to fully synergize with ICI through early recruitment of CD8+ T cells and reduced infiltration of highly suppressive PD-1+ Tregs. Cytokine and gene expression analyses within treated tumors suggest that the addition of MMC to oBHV therapy shifts the immune response from predominantly anti-viral, as evidenced by a high level of interferon-stimulated genes, to one that stimulates myeloid cells, antigen presentation and adaptive processes. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic insights into how oBHV-mediated therapy modalities overcome immune suppressive tumor microenvironments to enable the efficacy of ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Davola
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olga Cormier
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alyssa Vito
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nader El-Sayes
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Susan Collins
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Omar Salem
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-525-9140 (ext. 23542)
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Orzetti S, Tommasi F, Bertola A, Bortolin G, Caccin E, Cecco S, Ferrarin E, Giacomin E, Baldo P. Genetic Therapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Safety, Pharmacovigilance, and Perspectives for Research and Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063012. [PMID: 35328435 PMCID: PMC8951339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The impressive advances in the knowledge of biomarkers and molecular targets has enabled significant progress in drug therapy for crucial diseases such as cancer. Specific areas of pharmacology have contributed to these therapeutic outcomes—mainly targeted therapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and gene therapy. This review focuses on the pharmacological profiles of these therapeutic classes and intends, on the one hand, to provide a systematic definition and, on the other, to highlight some aspects related to pharmacovigilance, namely the monitoring of safety and the identification of potential toxicities and adverse drug reactions. Although clinicians often consider pharmacovigilance a non-priority area, it highlights the risk/benefit ratio, an essential factor, especially for these advanced therapies, which represent the most innovative and promising horizon in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Orzetti
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Tommasi
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Antonella Bertola
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Bortolin
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Caccin
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Sara Cecco
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Emanuela Ferrarin
- Scientific and Patients Library of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Elisa Giacomin
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Paolo Baldo
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0434-659221
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3
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Wang W, Liu S, Dai P, Yang N, Wang Y, Giese RA, Merghoub T, Wolchok J, Deng L. Elucidating mechanisms of antitumor immunity mediated by live oncolytic vaccinia and heat-inactivated vaccinia. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002569. [PMID: 34593618 PMCID: PMC8487208 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral-based immunotherapy can overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and fill the unmet needs of many patients with cancer. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are defined as engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells. OVs also induce antitumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to compare the antitumor effects of live oncolytic vaccinia viruses versus the inactivated versions and elucidate their underlying immunological mechanisms. Methods We engineered a replication-competent, oncolytic vaccinia virus (OV-GM) by inserting a murine GM-CSF gene into the thymidine kinase locus of a mutant vaccinia E3L∆83N, which lacks the Z-DNA-binding domain of vaccinia virulence factor E3. We compared the antitumor effects of intratumoral (IT) delivery of live OV-GM versus heat-inactivated OV-GM (heat-iOV-GM) in a murine B16-F10 melanoma bilateral implantation model. We also generated vvDD, a well-studied oncolytic vaccinia virus, and compared the antitumor effects of live vvDD vs heat-inactivated vvDD (heat-ivvDD) in a murine A20 B-cell lymphoma bilateral tumor implantation model. Results Heat-iOV-GM infection of dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells in vitro induced type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, whereas live OV-GM did not. IT live OV-GM was less effective in generating systemic antitumor immunity compared with heat-iOV-GM. Similar to heat-iOV-GM, the antitumor effects of live OV-GM also require Batf3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cells. When combined with systemic delivery of ICB, IT heat-iOV-GM was more effective in eradicating tumors, compared with live OV-GM. IT heat-ivvDD was also more effective in treating murine A20 B-cell lymphoma, compared with live vvDD. Conclusions Tumor lysis induced by the replication of oncolytic vaccinia virus has a limited effect on the generation of systemic antitumor immunity. The activation of Batf3-dependent CD103+ DCs is critical for antitumor effects induced by both live OV-GM and heat-iOV-GM, with the latter being more potent than live OV-GM in inducing innate and adaptive immunity in both locally injected and distant, non-injected tumors. We propose that evaluations of both innate and adaptive immunity, induced by IT oncolytic viral immunotherapy at injected and non-injected tumors, should be included as potential biomarkers for host responses to viral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peihong Dai
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel A Giese
- Immuno-oncology service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Immuno-oncology service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- Immuno-oncology service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liang Deng
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Kulkarni A, Ferreira T, Bretscher C, Grewenig A, El-Andaloussi N, Bonifati S, Marttila T, Palissot V, Hossain JA, Azuaje F, Miletic H, Ystaas LAR, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Roeth R, Niesler B, Weiss A, Brino L, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus binds to sialic acid on laminins for cell attachment and entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3834. [PMID: 34158478 PMCID: PMC8219832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, in-depth understanding of its life cycle, including the host cell factors needed for infectivity and oncolysis, is lacking. This understanding may guide the rational design of combination strategies, aid development of more effective viruses, and help identify biomarkers of susceptibility to H-1PV treatment. To identify the host cell factors involved, we carry out siRNA library screening using a druggable genome library. We identify one crucial modulator of H-1PV infection: laminin γ1 (LAMC1). Using loss- and gain-of-function studies, competition experiments, and ELISA, we validate LAMC1 and laminin family members as being essential to H-1PV cell attachment and entry. H-1PV binding to laminins is dependent on their sialic acid moieties and is inhibited by heparin. We show that laminins are differentially expressed in various tumour entities, including glioblastoma. We confirm the expression pattern of laminin γ1 in glioblastoma biopsies by immunohistochemistry. We also provide evidence of a direct correlation between LAMC1 expression levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 59 cancer cell lines and in 3D organotypic spheroid cultures with different sensitivities to H-1PV infection. These results support the idea that tumours with elevated levels of γ1 containing laminins are more susceptible to H-1PV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annabel Grewenig
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nazim El-Andaloussi
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lonza Cologne GmbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Serena Bonifati
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tiina Marttila
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Valérie Palissot
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jubayer A Hossain
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A R Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ralf Roeth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Weiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Brino
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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5
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Al-Zaher A, Domingo-Calap P, Sanjuán R. Experimental virus evolution in cancer cell monolayers, spheroids, and tissue explants. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab045. [PMID: 34040797 PMCID: PMC8134955 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral laboratory evolution has been used for different applications, such as modeling viral emergence, drug-resistance prediction, and therapeutic virus optimization. However, these studies have been mainly performed in cell monolayers, a highly simplified environment, raising concerns about their applicability and relevance. To address this, we compared the evolution of a model virus in monolayers, spheroids, and tissue explants. We performed this analysis in the context of cancer virotherapy by performing serial transfers of an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-Δ51) in 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells. We found that VSV-Δ51 gained fitness in each of these three culture systems, and that adaptation to the more complex environments (spheroids or explants) correlated with increased fitness in monolayers. Most evolved lines improved their ability to suppress β-interferon secretion compared to the VSV-Δ51 founder, suggesting that the selective pressure exerted by antiviral innate immunity was important in the three systems. However, system-specific patterns were also found. First, viruses evolved in monolayers remained more oncoselective that those evolved in spheroids, since the latter showed concomitant adaptation to non-tumoral mouse cells. Second, deep sequencing indicated that viral populations evolved in monolayers or explants tended to be more genetically diverse than those evolved in spheroids. Finally, we found highly variable outcomes among independent evolutionary lines propagated in explants. We conclude that experimental evolution in monolayers tends to be more reproducible than in spheroids or explants, and better preserves oncoselectivity. Our results also suggest that monolayers capture at least some relevant selective pressures present in more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Zaher
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, València 46980, Spain
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, València 46980, Spain
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, València 46980, Spain
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Chen D, Huang L, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Combining IL-10 and Oncolytic Adenovirus Demonstrates Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy Through CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615089. [PMID: 33717103 PMCID: PMC7952747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are of growing importance in cancer therapeutics since they combine direct oncolytic effect and the stimulation of antitumor immunity. Emerging evidences showed that the function of oncolytic viruses is dependent on immune response in tumor microenvironment, and the modulation of immunity could influence their efficacy. Here we combined the interleukin 10 (IL-10) and oncolytic adenovirus Ad-hTERT to treat lung cancer and explored the underlying mechanism under combination therapy. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16F10 tumor-bearing immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice that received Ad-hTERT or IL-10 alone showed mild antitumor effect, while the combination therapy shrink tumor bulks and prolonged survival remarkably. In addition, IL-10 didn’t show direct influence on tumor cell viability or Ad-hTERT mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro. To further explore the influence of combination therapy mediated antitumor capacity, we eliminated CD8+ T, CD4+ T or natural killer (NK) cells in LLC and B16F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice, and found that CD8+ T cells were critical mediator in the combination therapy. The combination therapy induced intensive infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumors, increased tumor-specific IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells. The long-term tumor-specific immune memory induced by the combination therapy rejected rechallenge by respective tumor cell lines. This study demonstrated that the therapy combining IL-10 and Ad-hTERT augmented antitumor efficacy which was CD8+ T cells dependent. Our findings paved the way to combine cytokines and oncolytic viruses to enhance antitumor immunotherapy in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyu Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Filin IY, Solovyeva VV, Kitaeva KV, Rutland CS, Rizvanov AA. Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120621. [PMID: 33348704 PMCID: PMC7766207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for an effective drug to treat oncological diseases, which have become the main scourge of mankind, has generated a lot of methods for studying this affliction. It has also become a serious challenge for scientists and clinicians who have needed to invent new ways of overcoming the problems encountered during treatments, and have also made important discoveries pertaining to fundamental issues relating to the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms. Understanding the basics of the human immune system interactions with tumor cells has enabled new cancer immunotherapy strategies. The initial successes observed in immunotherapy led to new methods of treating cancer and attracted the attention of the scientific and clinical communities due to the prospects of these methods. Nevertheless, there are still many problems that prevent immunotherapy from calling itself an effective drug in the fight against malignant neoplasms. This review examines the current state of affairs for each immunotherapy method, the effectiveness of the strategies under study, as well as possible ways to overcome the problems that have arisen and increase their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Filin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
| | - Kristina V. Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK;
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (I.Y.F.); (V.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
- Republic Clinical Hospital, 420064 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-905-316-7599
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8
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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9
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Le TH, Lipatova AV, Volskaya MA, Tikhonova OA, Chumakov PM. The State of The Jak/Stat Pathway Affects the Sensitivity of Tumor Cells to Oncolytic Enteroviruses. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689332004010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Hong B, Muili K, Bolyard C, Russell L, Lee TJ, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Yoo JY, Yan Y, Ballester LY, Bockhorst KH, Kaur B. Suppression of HMGB1 Released in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Reduces Tumoral Edema. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 12:93-102. [PMID: 30719499 PMCID: PMC6350213 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein that binds DNA and transcription factors and regulates chromosomal structure and function. Under conditions of cell death or stress, it is actively or passively released by cells into the extracellular environment, where it functions as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that orchestrates pro-inflammatory cytokine release and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that HMGB1 is secreted in the tumor microenvironment after oncolytic HSV (oHSV) infection in vitro and in vivo. The impact of secreted HMGB1 on tumor growth and response to oncolytic viral therapy was evaluated by using HMGB1-blocking antibodies in vitro and in mice bearing intracranial tumors. IVIS and MRI imaging was utilized to visualize in real time virus spread, tumor growth, and changes in edema in mice. Our data showed that HMGB1 released in tumor microenvironment orchestrated increased vascular leakiness and edema. Further HMGB1 blocking antibodies rescued vascular leakiness and enhanced survival of intracranial glioma-bearing mice treated with oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamaldeen Muili
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,OhioHealth Research & Innovation Institute, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke Russell
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Vyriad, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kurt H Bockhorst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Oseledchyk A, Ricca JM, Gigoux M, Ko B, Redelman-Sidi G, Walther T, Liu C, Iyer G, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Zamarin D. Lysis-independent potentiation of immune checkpoint blockade by oncolytic virus. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28702-28716. [PMID: 29983890 PMCID: PMC6033351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral therapy with oncolytic viruses is increasingly being explored as a strategy to potentiate an immune response against cancer, but it remains unknown whether such therapy should be restricted to cancers sensitive to virus-mediated lysis. Using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as a model, we explore immunogenic potential of an oncolytic virus in bladder cancer, where existing immunotherapy with PD-1 and PD-L1-targeting antibodies to date has shown suboptimal response rates. Infection of human and mouse bladder cancer cells with NDV resulted in immunogenic cell death, activation of innate immune pathways, and upregulation of MHC and PD-L1 in all tested cell lines, including the cell lines completely resistant to NDV-mediated lysis. In a bilateral flank NDV-lysis-resistant syngeneic murine bladder cancer model, intratumoral therapy with NDV led to an increase of immune infiltration in both treated and distant tumors and a shift from an inhibitory to effector T cell phenotype. Consequently, combination of intratumoral NDV with systemic PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade led to improved local and abscopal tumor control and overall survival. These findings encourage future clinical trials combining intratumoral NDV therapy with systemic immunomodulatory agents and underscore the rationale for such treatments irrespective of tumor cell sensitivity to NDV-mediated lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Oseledchyk
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob M Ricca
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Gigoux
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Ko
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Walther
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Full Complement. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:83-84. [PMID: 29510384 DOI: 10.1159/000487341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Simultaneous Insertion of Two Ligands in gD for Cultivation of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viruses in Noncancer Cells and Retargeting to Cancer Receptors. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02132-17. [PMID: 29263255 PMCID: PMC5827369 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02132-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Insertion of a single-chain variable-fragment antibody (scFv) to HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) in gD, gH, or gB gives rise to herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) specifically retargeted to HER2-positive cancer cells, hence to highly specific nonattenuated oncolytic agents. Clinical-grade virus production cannot rely on cancer cells. Recently, we developed a double-retargeting strategy whereby gH carries the GCN4 peptide for retargeting to the noncancer producer Vero-GCN4R cell line and gD carries the scFv to HER2 for cancer retargeting. Here, we engineered double-retargeted recombinants, which carry both the GCN4 peptide and the scFv to HER2 in gD. Novel, more-advantageous detargeting strategies were devised so as to optimize the cultivation of the double-retargeted recombinants. Nectin1 detargeting was achieved by deletion of amino acids (aa) 35 to 39, 214 to 223, or 219 to 223 and replacement of the deleted sequences with one of the two ligands. The last two deletions were not attempted before. All recombinants exhibited the double retargeting to HER2 and to the Vero-GCN4R cells, as well as detargeting from the natural receptors HVEM and nectin1. Of note, some recombinants grew to higher yields than others. The best-performing recombinants carried a gD deletion as small as 5 amino acids and grew to titers similar to those exhibited by the singly retargeted R-LM113 and by the nonretargeted R-LM5. This study shows that double retargeting through insertion of two ligands in gD is feasible and, when combined with appropriate detargeting modifications, can result in recombinants highly effective in vitro and in vivo. IMPORTANCE There is increasing interest in oncolytic viruses following the FDA and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval of the oncolytic HSV OncovexGM-CSF and, mainly, because they greatly boost the immune response to the tumor and can be combined with immunotherapeutic agents, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. A strategy to gain high cancer specificity and avoid virus attenuation is to retarget the virus tropism to cancer-specific receptors of choice. However, cultivation of retargeted oncolytics in cells expressing the cancer receptor may not be approvable by regulatory agencies. We devised a strategy for their cultivation in noncancer cells. Here, we describe a double-retargeting strategy, based on the simultaneous insertion of two ligands in gD, one for retargeting to a producer, universal Vero cell derivative and one for retargeting to the HER2 cancer receptor. These insertions were combined with novel, minimally disadvantageous detargeting modifications. The current and accompanying studies indicate how to best achieve the clinical-grade cultivation of retargeted oncolytics.
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14
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Olagnier D, Lababidi RR, Hadj SB, Sze A, Liu Y, Naidu SD, Ferrari M, Jiang Y, Chiang C, Beljanski V, Goulet ML, Knatko EV, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hiscott J, Lin R. Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Augments Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Oncolysis via Autophagy-Driven Suppression of Antiviral Immunity. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1900-1916. [PMID: 28527723 PMCID: PMC5542709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer a promising therapeutic approach to treat multiple types of cancer. In this study, we show that the manipulation of the antioxidant network via transcription factor Nrf2 augments vesicular stomatitis virus Δ51 (VSVΔ51) replication and sensitizes cancer cells to viral oncolysis. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by the antioxidant compound sulforaphane (SFN) leads to enhanced VSVΔ51 spread in OV-resistant cancer cells and improves the therapeutic outcome in different murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. Chemoresistant A549 lung cancer cells that display constitutive dominant hyperactivation of Nrf2 signaling are particularly vulnerable to VSVΔ51 oncolysis. Mechanistically, enhanced Nrf2 signaling stimulated viral replication in cancer cells and disrupted the type I IFN response via increased autophagy. This study reveals a previously unappreciated role for Nrf2 in the regulation of autophagy and the innate antiviral response that complements the therapeutic potential of VSV-directed oncolysis against multiple types of OV-resistant or chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Rassin R Lababidi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Samar Bel Hadj
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Sze
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yiliu Liu
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Matteo Ferrari
- Pasteur Laboratory, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Marie-Line Goulet
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Pasteur Laboratory, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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