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Han Y, Kamau PM, Lai R, Luo L. Bioactive Peptides and Proteins from Centipede Venoms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144423. [PMID: 35889297 PMCID: PMC9325314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms are a complex cocktail of biologically active molecules, including peptides, proteins, polyamide, and enzymes widely produced by venomous organisms. Through long-term evolution, venomous animals have evolved highly specific and diversified peptides and proteins targeting key physiological elements, including the nervous, blood, and muscular systems. Centipedes are typical venomous arthropods that rely on their toxins primarily for predation and defense. Although centipede bites are frequently reported, the composition and effect of centipede venoms are far from known. With the development of molecular biology and structural biology, the research on centipede venoms, especially peptides and proteins, has been deepened. Therefore, we summarize partial progress on the exploration of the bioactive peptides and proteins in centipede venoms and their potential value in pharmacological research and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650107, China; (Y.H.); (P.M.K.)
| | - Peter Muiruri Kamau
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650107, China; (Y.H.); (P.M.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650107, China; (Y.H.); (P.M.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650107, China; (Y.H.); (P.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (L.L.)
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First report on BaltCRP, a cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) from Bothrops alternatus venom: Effects on potassium channels and inflammatory processes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:556-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Luchini LSG, Pidde G, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Tambourgi DV. Complement System Inhibition Modulates the Pro-Inflammatory Effects of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1137. [PMID: 31231362 PMCID: PMC6558526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by Bothrops snakes causes prominent local effects, including pain, oedema, local bleeding, blistering and necrosis, and systemic manifestations, such as hemorrhage, hypotension, shock and acute renal failure. These snake venoms are able to activate the complement system and induce the generation of anaphylatoxins, whose mechanisms include the direct cleavage of complement components by snake venom metalloproteinases and serine proteinases present in the venoms. A metalloproteinase able to activate the three complement pathways and generate active anaphylatoxins, named C-SVMP, was purified from the venom of Bothrops pirajai. Considering the inflammatory nature of Bothrops venoms and the complement-activation property of C-SVMP, in the present work, we investigated the inflammatory effects of C-SVMP in a human whole blood model. The role of the complement system in the inflammatory process and its modulation by the use of compstatin were also investigated. C-SVMP was able to activate the complement system in the whole blood model, generating C3a/C3a desArg, C5a/C5a desArg and SC5b-9. This protein was able to promote an increase in the expression of CD11b, CD14, C3aR, C5aR1, TLR2, and TLR4 markers in leukocytes. Inhibition of component C3 by compstatin significantly reduced the production of anaphylatoxins and the Terminal Complement Complex (TCC) in blood plasma treated with the toxin, as well as the expression of CD11b, C3aR, and C5aR on leukocytes. C-SVMP was able to induce increased production of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and the chemokines CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL9/MIG in the human whole blood model. The addition of compstatin to the reactions caused a significant reduction in the production of IL-1β, CXCL8/IL-8, and CCL2/MCP-1 in cells treated with C-SVMP. We therefore conclude that C-SVMP is able to activate the complement system, which leads to an increase in the inflammatory process. The data obtained with the use of compstatin indicate that complement inhibition may significantly control the inflammatory process initiated by Bothrops snake venom toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dallegrave E, Taschetto E, Bainy Leal M, Techera Antunes FT, Gomez MV, Hubner de Souza A. Acute Toxicity of the Recombinant and Native Phα1β Toxin: New Analgesic from Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120531. [PMID: 30545036 PMCID: PMC6315920 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phα1β, a purified peptide from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer, and its recombinant form CTK 01512-2 are voltage-dependent calcium channel (CaV) blockers of types N, R, P/Q, and L with a preference for type N. These peptides show analgesic action in different pain models in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute intrathecal toxicity of the native and recombinant Phα1β toxin in Wistar rats. Clinical signs, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathological alterations were evaluated in male and/or female rats. Dyspnea was observed in males, hyporesponsiveness in females, and Straub tail and tremors in both genders. There were no significant differences in male organ weight, although significant differences in the female relative weight of the adrenal glands and spleen have been observed; these values are within the normal range. Serum biochemical data revealed a significant reduction within the physiological limits of species related to urea, ALT, AST, and FA. Hepatic and renal congestion were observed for toxin groups. In renal tissue, glomerular infiltrates were observed with increased glomerular space. These histological alterations were presented in focal areas and in mild degree. Therefore, Phα1β and CTK 01512-2 presented a good safety profile with transient toxicity clinical signals in doses higher than used to obtain the analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Dallegrave
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170 Brazil.
| | - Eliane Taschetto
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS 92425⁻900, Brazil.
| | - Mirna Bainy Leal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-17, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Tasmim Techera Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied of Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS 92425⁻900, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Vinicius Gomez
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Medicine and Biomedicine, Institute of Education and Research, Grupo Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG 30150-240, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS 92425⁻900, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied of Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS 92425⁻900, Brazil.
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Medeiros CRD, Brioschi ML, Souza SND, Teixeira MJ. Infrared thermography to diagnose and manage venomous animal bites and stings. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:260-264. [PMID: 28562767 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0390-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infrared imaging (IR) is a noninvasive technique that quantifies body surface temperature, producing a digital color image. IR has been used to study diseases in which skin temperature can reflect the presence of inflammation. METHODS This was an observational pilot study of eight patients envenomed by snakes, spiders, and scorpions. All patients were examined using a thermal camera. RESULTS In all cases, we obtained infrared images that corroborated clinical findings indicating localized effects of venom, specifically inflammation. CONCLUSIONS IR has potential for use as a research, diagnostic, and monitoring tool for localized effects of animal venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Leal Brioschi
- Divisão de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Divisão de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brasil
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Inflammatory Action of Secretory Phospholipases A2 from Snake Venoms. TOXINS AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6452-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Taylor P, Salazar E, Barrios M, Salazar AM, Abad MJ, Urdanibia I, Shealy D, Arocha-Piñango CL, Guerrero B. Role of the inflammatory response in the hemorrhagic syndrome induced by the hemolymph of the caterpillar Lonomia achelous. Toxicon 2016; 121:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of orally administrated denatured naja naja atra venom on murine rheumatoid arthritis models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:616241. [PMID: 23634171 PMCID: PMC3619627 DOI: 10.1155/2013/616241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the denatured Naja Naja atra venom (NNAV) in rheumatoid arthritis-associated models, the denatured NNAV (heat treated; 30, 90, 270 μg/kg), the native NNAV (untreated with heat; 90 μg/kg), and Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP, 15 mg/kg) were administrated orally either prophylactically or therapeutically. We measured time of licking the affected paw in formaldehyde-induced inflammatory model, paw volume in egg-white-induced inflammation, and granuloma weight in formalin-soaked filter paper-induced granuloma. For adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, paw edema, mechanical withdrawal threshold, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10, and histopathological changes of the affected paw were assessed. We found that the denatured NNAV (90, 270 μg/kg) significantly reduced time of licking paw, paw volume, and granuloma weight in above inflammatory models and also attenuated paw edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and histopathology changes in AIA rats. Additionally, the increase in serum TNF-α and the decrease in serum IL-10 in AIA rats were reversed by the denatured NNAV. Although the native NNAV and TWP rendered the similar pharmacological actions on the above four models with less potency than that of the denatured NNAV, these findings demonstrate that oral administration of the denatured NNAV produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities on rheumatoid arthritis.
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Zornetta I, Caccin P, Fernandez J, Lomonte B, Gutierrez JM, Montecucco C. Envenomations by Bothrops and Crotalus snakes induce the release of mitochondrial alarmins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1526. [PMID: 22363828 PMCID: PMC3283552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle necrosis is a common manifestation of viperid snakebite envenomations. Venoms from snakes of the genus Bothrops, such as that of B. asper, induce muscle tissue damage at the site of venom injection, provoking severe local pathology which often results in permanent sequelae. In contrast, the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, induces a clinical picture of systemic myotoxicity, i.e., rhabdomyolysis, together with neurotoxicity. It is known that molecules released from damaged muscle might act as ‘danger’ signals. These are known as ‘alarmins’, and contribute to the inflammatory reaction by activating the innate immune system. Here we show that the venoms of B. asper and C. d. terrificus release the mitochondrial markers mtDNA (from the matrix) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) from the intermembrane space, from ex vivo mouse tibialis anterior muscles. Cyt c was released to a similar extent by the two venoms whereas B. asper venom induced the release of higher amounts of mtDNA, thus reflecting hitherto some differences in their pathological action on muscle mitochondria. At variance, injection of these venoms in mice resulted in a different time-course of mtDNA release, with B. asper venom inducing an early onset increment in plasma levels and C. d. terrificus venom provoking a delayed release. We suggest that the release of mitochondrial ‘alarmins’ might contribute to the local and systemic inflammatory events characteristic of snakebite envenomations. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world are bitten by poisonous snakes and may develop permanent damages. This is a major tropical disease which is largely neglected by scientific and clinical investigators. Snakes of Bothrops and Crotalus genus are responsible of most cases in Latin America. Here for the first time, we have shown that these venoms cause the release of both mitochondrial DNA and cytochrome c, two well known alarmins. Moreover, the kinetic of these processes are in agreement with the different pathophysiological profiles exhibited by Bothrops and Crotalus envenomations. These elements suggest a correlation between snake evenomations and sterile inflammatory syndrome. Alarmins are reported to have a fundamental role in innate immune response and inflammation; they might contribute to the local and systemic inflammatory events characteristic of these envenomations opening a new prospective in the study of these complex pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Zornetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Caccin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Julián Fernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José María Gutierrez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Shi GN, Liu YL, Lin HM, Yang SL, Feng YL, Reid PF, Qin ZH. Involvement of cholinergic system in suppression of formalin-induced inflammatory pain by cobratoxin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1233-8. [PMID: 21841815 PMCID: PMC4010082 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the analgesic effect of cobratoxin (CTX), a long-chain α-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, in a rat model of formalin-induced inflammatory pain. METHODS Inflammatory pain was induced in SD rats via injecting 5% formalin (50 μL) into the plantar surface of their right hind paw. CTX and other agents were ip administered before formalin injection. The time that the animals spent for licking the injected paw was counted every 5 min for 1 h. RESULTS CTX (25, 34, and 45 μg/kg) exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic effect during the phase 1 (0-15 min) and phase 2 (20-60 min) response induced by formalin. Pretreatment with naloxone (0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg) did not block the analgesic effect of CTX. Pretreatment with atropine at 5 mg/kg, but not at 2.5 mg/kg, antagonized the analgesic effect of CTX. Treatment with the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) inhibited the analgesic effects of CTX in Phase 1 and Phase 2 responses, while with the selective α7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (3 mg/kg) antagonized the effect of CTX only in the Phase 1 response. Treatment with the α7-nAChR agonist PNU282987 (3 mg/kg) significantly reduced the formalin-induced phase 2 pain response, but only slightly reduced the Phase 1 pain response. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CTX exerts an antinociceptive effect in formalin-induced inflammatory pain, which appears to be mediated by mAChR and α7-nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-na Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan-li Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hai-ming Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shi-lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-lin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Paul F Reid
- ReceptoPharm Inc, Fortlaudale, Florida 33336, USA
| | - Zheng-hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
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Montagna E, Guerreiro JR, Torres BB. Biochemistry of the envenomation response-A generator theme for interdisciplinary integration. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 38:91-96. [PMID: 21567802 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of complex physiological processes requires information from many different areas of knowledge. To meet this interdisciplinary scenario, the ability of integrating and articulating information is demanded. The difficulty of such approach arises because, more often than not, information is fragmented through under graduation education in Health Sciences. Shifting from a fragmentary and deep view of many topics to joining them horizontally in a global view is not a trivial task for teachers to implement. To attain that objective we proposed a course herein described-Biochemistry of the envenomation response-aimed at integrating previous contents of Health Sciences courses, following international recommendations of interdisciplinary model. The contents were organized by modules with increasing topic complexity. The full understanding of the envenoming pathophysiology of each module would be attained by the integration of knowledge from different disciplines. Active-learning strategy was employed focusing concept map drawing. Evaluation was obtained by a 30-item Likert-type survey answered by ninety students; 84% of the students considered that the number of relations that they were able to establish as seen by concept maps increased throughout the course. Similarly, 98% considered that both the theme and the strategy adopted in the course contributed to develop an interdisciplinary view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Montagna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Experimental pathology of local tissue damage induced by Bothrops asper snake venom. Toxicon 2009; 54:958-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Liu YL, Lin HM, Zou R, Wu JC, Han R, Raymond LN, Reid PF, Qin ZH. Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:219-27. [PMID: 19169271 PMCID: PMC4002463 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2008.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Cobratoxin (CTX), the long-chain alpha-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, has been demonstrated to have analgesic action in rodent pain models. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of CTX on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. METHODS Arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Paw swelling and hyperalgesia of AA rats were measured at various times after CFA administration. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in serum were determined with ELISA. Histopathological changes in synoviocytes were examined under a microscope. Involvement of the cholinergic system in the effects of CTX was examined by pretreatment of animals with the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor (alpha(7)-nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RESULTS CFA induced marked paw swelling and reduced thresholds of mechanical and cold-induced paw withdrawal. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of AA rats were increased, whereas the level of IL-10 was decreased. Histopathological examination of synoviocytes showed pronounced inflammation and accumulation of collagen. The administration of CTX (17.0 microg/kg, ip) significantly reduced paw swelling and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. CTX also reduced the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-2 but increased the production of IL-10 and altered pathohistological changes. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CTX was significantly reduced by MLA (3 mg/kg, sc). CONCLUSION These results indicate that CTX has a beneficial effect on CFA-induced arthritis by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. alpha(7)-nAChR appears to mediate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hai-ming Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | | | - Zheng-hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
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Jebali J, Bazaa A, Sarray S, Benhaj K, Karboul A, El Ayeb M, Marrakchi N, Gargouri A. C-type lectin protein isoforms of Macrovipera lebetina: cDNA cloning and genetic diversity. Toxicon 2009; 53:228-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferreira T, Camargo EA, Ribela MTC, Damico DC, Marangoni S, Antunes E, De Nucci G, Landucci EC. Inflammatory oedema induced by Lachesis muta muta (Surucucu) venom and LmTX-I in the rat paw and dorsal skin. Toxicon 2009; 53:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oliveira-Carvalho AL, Guimarães PR, Abreu PA, Dutra DL, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Rodrigues CR, Ho PL, Castro HC, Zingali RB. Identification and characterization of a new member of snake venom thrombin inhibitors from Bothrops insularis using a proteomic approach. Toxicon 2008; 51:659-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Galan JA, Guo M, Sanchez EE, Cantu E, Rodriguez-Acosta A, Perez JC, Tao WA. Quantitative analysis of snake venoms using soluble polymer-based isotope labeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 7:785-99. [PMID: 18089550 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700321-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the design and synthesis of a new quantitative strategy termed soluble polymer-based isotope labeling (SoPIL) and its application as a novel and inclusive method for the identification and relative quantification of individual proteins in complex snake venoms. The SoPIL reagent selectively captures and isolates cysteine-containing peptides, and the subsequent tagged peptides are released and analyzed using nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The SoPIL strategy was used to quantify venom proteins from two pairs of venomous snakes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus type A, C. scutulatus scutulatus type B, Crotalus oreganus helleri, and Bothrops colombiensis. The hemorrhagic, hemolytic, clotting ability, and fibrinogenolytic activities of crude venoms were measured and correlated with difference in protein abundance determined by the SoPIL analysis. The SoPIL approach could provide an efficient and widely applicable tool for quantitative proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Galan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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