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D’Ippolito S, Di Nicuolo F, Papi M, Castellani R, Palmieri V, Masciullo V, Arena V, Tersigni C, Bernabei M, Pontecorvi A, Scambia G, Di Simone N. Expression of Pinopodes in the Endometrium from Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Women. Role of Thrombomodulin and Ezrin. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2634. [PMID: 32823767 PMCID: PMC7464296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinopode expression has been suggested as a marker of endometrial receptivity. METHODS We set up an experimental study comparing endometrial tissue from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, n = 30) and fertile control (CTR, n = 20) women in terms of pinopode expression/morphology; expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and ezrin; cytoskeletal organization. Endometrial samples were collected during implantation window and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found that RPL endometrial tissue showed: (i) increased pinopodes density (* p < 0.05); (ii) a reduced diameter of pinopodes (* p < 0.05); (iii) a decreased TM and ezrin expression (p < 0.05). Additionally, confocal images showed a significantly reduced expression of phosphorylated (p)-ezrin, confirming the results obtained through immunoblot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that in CTR samples, junctions between cells are intact and clearly visible, whereas actin filaments appear completely lost in RPL endometrial samples; this suggests that, due to the impaired expression and activity of TM and ezrin, actin does not bind to plasma membrane in order to orchestrate the cytoskeletal actin filaments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that an impaired expression of TM and expression/activation of ezrin may affect the connection between the TM and actin cytoskeleton, impairing the organization of cytoskeleton and, eventually, the adequate pinopode development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (V.A.); (C.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Fiorella Di Nicuolo
- Paolo VI International Scientific Institute, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (F.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Roberta Castellani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Masciullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (V.A.); (C.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (V.A.); (C.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (V.A.); (C.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Micaela Bernabei
- Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Paolo VI International Scientific Institute, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (F.D.N.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy
- Istituto di Patologia Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (V.A.); (C.T.); (G.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.M.); (V.A.); (C.T.); (G.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
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7
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Martos L, Ramón LA, Oto J, Fernández-Pardo Á, Bonanad S, Cid AR, Gruber A, Griffin JH, España F, Navarro S, Medina P. α2-Macroglobulin Is a Significant In Vivo Inhibitor of Activated Protein C and Low APC:α2M Levels Are Associated with Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:630-638. [PMID: 29448296 PMCID: PMC6002867 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated protein C (APC) is a major regulator of thrombin formation. Two major plasma inhibitors form complexes with APC, protein C inhibitor (PCI) and α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), and these complexes have been quantified by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Also, complexes of APC with α2-macroglobulin (α2M) have been observed by immunoblotting. Here, we report an ELISA for APC:α2M complexes in plasma. METHODS Plasma samples were pre-treated with dithiothreitol and then with iodoacetamide. The detection range of the newly developed APC:α2M assay was 0.031 to 8.0 ng/mL of complexed APC. Following infusions of APC in humans and baboons, complexes of APC with α2M, PCI and α1AT were quantified. These complexes as well as circulating APC were also measured in 121 patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and 119 matched controls. RESULTS In all the in vivo experiments, α2M was a significant APC inhibitor. The VTE case-control study showed that VTE patients had significantly lower APC:α2M and APC levels than the controls (p < 0.001). Individuals in the lowest quartile of APC:α2M or the lowest quartile of APC had approximately four times more VTE risk than those in the highest quartile of APC:α2M or of APC. The risk increased for individuals with low levels of both parameters. CONCLUSION The APC:α2M assay reported here may be useful to help monitor the in vivo fate of APC in plasma. In addition, our results show that a low APC:α2M level is associated with increased VTE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martos
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Andrés Ramón
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Oto
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Pardo
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Bonanad
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Unidad de Trombosis y Hemostasia, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Cid
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Unidad de Trombosis y Hemostasia, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andras Gruber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Francisco España
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Navarro
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Navarro S, Medina P, Bonet E, Corral J, Martínez-Sales V, Martos L, Rivera M, Roselló-Lletí E, Alberca I, Roldán V, Mira Y, Ferrando F, Estellés A, Vicente V, Bertina RM, España F. Association of the Thrombomodulin Gene c.1418C>T Polymorphism With Thrombomodulin Levels and With Venous Thrombosis Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1435-40. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To investigate the association of the
THBD
c.1418C>T polymorphism, which encodes for the replacement of Ala455 by Val in thrombomodulin (TM), with venous thromboembolism (VTE), plasma soluble TM, and activated protein C levels. In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) isolated from 100 umbilical cords were used to analyze the relation between this polymorphism and
THBD
mRNA and TM protein expression.
Approach and Results—
The
THBD
c.1418C>T polymorphism was genotyped in 1173 patients with VTE and 1262 control subjects. Levels of soluble TM and activated protein C were measured in 414 patients with VTE (not on oral anticoagulants) and 451 controls. HUVECs were genotyped for the polymorphism and analyzed for
THBD
mRNA and TM protein expression and for the ability to enhance protein C activation by thrombin. The 1418T allele frequency was lower in patients than in controls (
P
<0.001), and its presence was associated with a reduced VTE risk, reduced soluble TM levels, and increased circulating activated protein C levels (
P
<0.001). In cultured HUVEC, the 1418T allele did not influence
THBD
expression but was associated with increased TM in cell lysates, increased rate of protein C activation, and reduced soluble TM levels in conditioned medium.
Conclusions—
The
THBD
1418T allele is associated with lower soluble TM, both in plasma and in HUVEC-conditioned medium, and with an increase in functional membrane–bound TM in HUVEC, which could explain the increased activated protein C levels and the reduced VTE risk observed in individuals carrying this allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Navarro
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Pilar Medina
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Elena Bonet
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Javier Corral
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Vicenta Martínez-Sales
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Laura Martos
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Miguel Rivera
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Ignacio Alberca
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Vanessa Roldán
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Yolanda Mira
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Fernando Ferrando
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Amparo Estellés
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Vicente Vicente
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Rogier M. Bertina
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
| | - Francisco España
- From the Unidad de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (S.N., P.M., E.B., V.M.-S., L.M., A.E., F.E.); Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.B.); Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Spain (J.C., V.R., V.V.); Unidad de Cardiocirculación, Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain (M.R., E.R.-L); Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, Spain (I
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