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Zhang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Li S, Liu J, Yang X, Xia G, Wang G. Natural products and derivatives for breast cancer treatment: From drug discovery to molecular mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155600. [PMID: 38614043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer stands as the most common malignancy among women globally and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Conventional treatments, such as surgery, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and small-molecule targeted therapy, often fall short of addressing the complexity and heterogeneity of certain breast cancer subtypes, leading to drug resistance and metastatic progression. Thus, the search for novel therapeutic targets and agents is imperative. Given their low toxicity and abundant variety, natural products and their derivatives are increasingly considered valuable sources for small-molecule anticancer drugs. PURPOSE This review aims to elucidate the pharmacological impacts and underlying mechanisms of active compounds found in select natural products and their derivatives, primarily focusing on breast cancer treatment. It intends to underscore the potential of these substances in combating breast cancer and guide future research directions for the development of natural product-based therapeutics. METHODS We conducted comprehensive searches in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until October 2023, using keywords such as 'breast cancer', 'natural products', 'derivatives', 'mechanism', 'signaling pathways', and various keyword combinations. RESULTS The review presents a spectrum of phytochemicals, including but not limited to flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids, and examines their actions in various animal and cellular models of breast cancer. The anticancer effects of these natural products and derivatives are manifested through diverse mechanisms, including induction of cell death via apoptosis and autophagy, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSION An increasing array of natural products and their derivatives are proving effective against breast cancer. Future therapeutic strategies can benefit from strategic enhancement of the anticancer properties of natural compounds, optimization for targeted action, improved bioavailability, and minimized side effects. The forthcoming research on natural products should prioritize these facets to maximize their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China; Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Guiyang Xia
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5, Ocean Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
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Troshkova N, Politanskaya L, Bagryanskaya I, Chuikov I, Wang J, Ilyina P, Mikhalski M, Esaulkova I, Volobueva A, Zarubaev V. Fluorinated 2-arylchroman-4-ones and their derivatives: synthesis, structure and antiviral activity. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10769-6. [PMID: 38153637 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of new biologically interesting fluorinated 2-arylchroman-4-ones and their 3-arylidene derivatives were synthesized based on the p-toluenesulfonic acid-catalyzed one-pot reaction of 2-hydroxyacetophenones with benzaldehydes. It was found that obtained (E)-3-arylidene-2-aryl-chroman-4-ones reacted with malononitrile under base conditions to form 4,5-diaryl-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes. The structures of the synthesized fluorinated compounds were confirmed by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR spectral data, and for some representatives of heterocycles also using NOESY spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis. A large series of obtained flavanone derivatives as well as products of their modification (35 examples) containing from 1 to 12 fluorine atoms in the structure was tested in vitro for cytotoxicity in MDCK cell line and for antiviral activity against influenza A virus. Among the studied heterocycles 6,8-difluoro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)chroman-4-one (IC50 = 6 μM, SI = 150) exhibited the greatest activity against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus. Moreover, this compound appeared active against phylogenetically distinct influenza viruses, A(H5N2) and influenza B (SI's of 53 and 42, correspondingly). The data obtained suggest that the fluorinated derivatives of 2-arylchroman-4-ones are prospective scaffolds for further development of potent anti-influenza antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Troshkova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Larisa Politanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - Irina Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Igor Chuikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Jiaying Wang
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Polina Ilyina
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Street, 14, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Mikhail Mikhalski
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Street, 14, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Iana Esaulkova
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Street, 14, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Alexandrina Volobueva
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Street, 14, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Vladimir Zarubaev
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Street, 14, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
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de Oliveira Rodrigues Junior E, de Santana IR, Durço AO, Conceição LSR, Barreto AS, Menezes IAC, Roman-Campos D, Dos Santos MRV. The effects of flavonoids in experimental sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 37115723 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a host's dysregulated immune response to an infection associated with systemic inflammation and excessive oxidative stress, which can cause multiple organ failure and death. The literature suggests that flavonoids, a broad class of secondary plant metabolites, have numerous biological activities which can be valuable in the treatment of sepsis. This study aimed to review the effects of flavonoids on experimental sepsis, focusing mainly on survival rate, and also summarizing information on its mechanisms of action. We searched in the main databases up to November 2022 using relevant keywords, and data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Thirty-two articles met the study criteria for review and 29 for meta-analysis. Overall, 30 different flavonoids were used in the studies. The flavonoids were able to strongly inhibit inflammatory response by reducing the levels of important pro-inflammatory mediators, for example, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β, oxidative stress, and showed antibacterial and anti-apoptotic actions. The meta-analysis found an increase of 50% in survival rate of the animals treated with flavonoids. They appear to act as multi-target drugs and may be an excellent therapeutic alternative to reduce a number of the complications caused by sepsis, and consequently, to improve survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabel Rodrigues de Santana
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aimée Obolari Durço
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lino Sérgio Rocha Conceição
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André Sales Barreto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Roberto Viana Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Efimova SS, Ostroumova OS. Modulation of the Dipole Potential of Model Lipid Membranes with Phytochemicals: Molecular Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Implications in Reconstituted Ion Channels. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:453. [PMID: 37103880 PMCID: PMC10141572 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, stilbenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and related compounds, have a wide range of useful pharmacological properties which cannot be ascribed to binding to a single peptide or protein target alone. Due to the relatively high lipophilicity of phytochemicals, the lipid membrane is thought to mediate their effects via changes in the properties of the lipid matrix, in particular, by modulating the transmembrane distribution of the electrical potential and, consequently, the formation and functioning of the ion channels reconstituted in the lipid bilayers. Therefore, biophysical studies on the interactions between plant metabolites and model lipid membranes are still of interest. This review represents an attempt to provide a critical analysis of a variety of studies on altering membranes and ion channels with phytochemicals via disturbing the potential drop at the membrane-aqueous solution interface. Critical structural motifs and functioning groups in the molecules of plant polyphenols (alkaloids and saponins are identified) and the possible mechanisms of dipole potential modulation with phytochemicals are discussed.
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Yu D, Zhang K, Wu J, Li X, Zhou G, Wan Y. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed the flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation in Areca catechu. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:372-380. [PMID: 36813748 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flavonoids are active substances in many herbal medicines, and Areca catechu fruit (AF), an important component in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is rich in flavonoids. Different parts of AF, Pericarpium Arecae (PA) and Semen Arecae (SA), have different medicinal effects in prescription of TCM. OBJECTIVE To understand flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation in AF. METHODOLOGY The metabolomic based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the transcriptome based on high-throughput sequencing technology were combined to comprehensively analyse PA and SA. RESULTS From the metabolite dataset, we found that 148 flavonoids showed significant differences between PA and SA. From the transcriptomic dataset, we identified 30 genes related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which were differentially expressed genes in PA and SA. The genes encoding the key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase (AcCHS4/6/7 and AcCHI1/2/3), were significantly higher expressed in SA than in PA, reflecting the high flavonoid concentration in SA. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our research acquired the key genes, including AcCHS4/6/7 and AcCHI1/2/3, which regulated the accumulation of flavonol in AF. This new evidence may reveal different medicinal effects of PA and SA. This study lays a foundation for investigating the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in areca and provides the reference for the production and consumption of betel nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Kelan Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571737, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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Zhang YH, Yang SS, Zhang Q, Zhang TT, Zhang TY, Zhou BH, Zhou L. Discovery of N-Phenylpropiolamide as a Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Scaffold with Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity on Phytopathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3681-3693. [PMID: 36790098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on the structural features of both succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) and targeted covalent inhibitors, a series of N-phenylpropiolamides containing a Michael acceptor moiety were designed to find new antifungal compounds. Nineteen compounds showed potent inhibition activity in vitro on nine species of plant pathogenic fungi. Compounds 9 and 13 showed higher activity on most of the fungi than the standard drug azoxystrobin. Compound 13 could completely inhibit Physalospora piricola infection on apples at 200 μg/mL concentration over 7 days and showed high safety to seed germination and seedling growth of plants at ≤100 μg/mL concentration. The action mechanism showed that 13 is an SDH inhibitor with a median inhibitory concentration, IC50, value of 0.55 μg/mL, comparable with that of the positive drug boscalid. Molecular docking studies revealed that 13 can bind well to the ubiquinone-binding region of SDH by hydrogen bonds and undergoes π-alkyl interaction and π-cation interaction. At the cellular level, 1 as the parent compound could destruct the mycelial structure of P. piricola and partly dissolve the cell wall and/or membrane. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the acetenyl group should be a structure determinant for the activity, and the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring can significantly impact the activity. Thus, N-phenylpropiolamide emerged as a novel and promising lead scaffold for the development of new SDHIs for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
- Taizhou Polytechnic College, 8 Tianxing Road, Taizhou, 225300 Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhou
- Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710043 Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
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Uyeki SC, Pacheco CM, Simeral ML, Hafner JH. The Raman Active Vibrations of Flavone and Quercetin: The Impact of Conformers and Hydrogen Bonding on Fingerprint Modes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1387-1394. [PMID: 36735995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of flavonoids by Raman spectroscopy are of interest in many fields, including medicinal chemistry, food science, and astrobiology. Spectral interpretation would benefit from better identification of the fingerprint vibrational peaks of different flavonoids and how they are affected by intermolecular interactions. The Raman spectra of two flavonoids, flavone and quercetin, were investigated through comparisons between spectra recorded from pure powders and spectra calculated with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). For both flavone and quercetin, 17 peaks were assigned to specific molecular vibrations. Both flavonoids were found to have a split peak between 1250-1350 cm-1 that is not predicted by TDDFT calculations on isolated molecules. In each case, it is shown that the addition of hydrogen bonded molecules arranged based on crystal structures reproduces the split peaks. These peaks were due to a stretching vibration of the bond between benzopyrone and phenyl rings and represent a characteristic spectral feature of flavonoids. Spectra of pollen grains from Quercus virginiana were also recorded and exhibit several peaks that correspond to the quercetin spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Campbell Uyeki
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Charles M Pacheco
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mathieu L Simeral
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jason H Hafner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Lee HH, Shin JS, Chung KS, Kim JM, Jung SH, Yoo HS, Hassan AHE, Lee JK, Inn KS, Lee S, Kim NJ, Lee KT. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone mitigates inflammatory responses by inhibiting LPS and TLR4/MD2 interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154553. [PMID: 36610153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the potential inhibitory activity of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. PURPOSE We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of DHF in LPS-activated macrophages and evaluated its effect on LPS-induced septic shock in mice. METHODS To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of DHF, nitrite, PGE2, and cytokines were measured in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, to verify the molecular signaling pathway, quantitative real time-PCR, luciferase assay, nuclear extraction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, molecular docking analysis, and myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2)-LPS binding assay were conducted. RESULTS DHF suppressed the LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) inactivation pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Importantly, molecular docking analysis and in vitro binding assays showed that DHF interacts with the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and then interferes with the interaction between LPS and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). DHF inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Treatment of LPS-induced endotoxemia mice with DHF reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators via the inactivation of NF-κB, AP-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the lung tissue, thus increasing the survival rate. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data first time revealed the underlying mechanism of the DHF-dependent anti-inflammatory effect by preventing LPS from binding to the TLR4/MD2 complex. Therefore, DHF may be a possible anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Seang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea.
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Why Do Dietary Flavonoids Have a Promising Effect as Enhancers of Anthracyclines? Hydroxyl Substituents, Bioavailability and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010391. [PMID: 36613834 PMCID: PMC9820151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines currently play a key role in the treatment of many cancers, but the limiting factor of their use is the widespread phenomenon of drug resistance and untargeted toxicity. Flavonoids have pleiotropic, beneficial effects on human health that, apart from antioxidant activity, are currently considered small molecules-starting structures for drug development and enhancers of conventional therapeutics. This paper is a review of the current and most important data on the participation of a selected series of flavonoids: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, which differ in the presence of an additional hydroxyl group, in the formation of a synergistic effect with anthracycline antibiotics. The review includes a characterization of the mechanism of action of flavonoids, as well as insight into the physicochemical parameters determining their bioavailability in vitro. The crosstalk between flavonoids and the molecular activity of anthracyclines discussed in the article covers the most important common areas of action, such as (1) disruption of DNA integrity (genotoxic effect), (2) modulation of antioxidant response pathways, and (3) inhibition of the activity of membrane proteins responsible for the active transport of drugs and xenobiotics. The increase in knowledge about the relationship between the molecular structure of flavonoids and their biological effect makes it possible to more effectively search for derivatives with a synergistic effect with anthracyclines and to develop better therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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Panova MA, Shcherbakov KV, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI. Selective nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2-(polyfluorophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-ones with pyrazole. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Shcherbakov KV, Panova MA, Burgart YV, Sinegubova EO, Orshanskaya IR, Zarubaev VV, Gerasimova NA, Evstigneeva NP, Saloutin VI. Alternative Functionalization of 2‐(3,4‐Dihalophenyl)‐4
H
‐chromen‐4‐ones via Metal‐Free Nucleophilic Aromatic Fluorine Substitution and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Shcherbakov
- Laboratory of fluoroorganic compounds Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy St. Ekaterinburg 620108 Russian Federation
| | - Mariya A. Panova
- Laboratory of fluoroorganic compounds Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy St. Ekaterinburg 620108 Russian Federation
| | - Yanina V. Burgart
- Laboratory of fluoroorganic compounds Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy St. Ekaterinburg 620108 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina O. Sinegubova
- Department of virology Institute Pasteur in Saint-Petersburg for Research in Epidemiology and Microbiology of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing 14 Mira St. Saint-Petersburg 197101 Russian Federation
| | - Iana R. Orshanskaya
- Department of virology Institute Pasteur in Saint-Petersburg for Research in Epidemiology and Microbiology of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing 14 Mira St. Saint-Petersburg 197101 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Zarubaev
- Department of virology Institute Pasteur in Saint-Petersburg for Research in Epidemiology and Microbiology of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing 14 Mira St. Saint-Petersburg 197101 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A. Gerasimova
- Experimental laboratory Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology 8 Shcherbakova St. Ekaterinburg 620076 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia P. Evstigneeva
- Experimental laboratory Ural Research Institute for Dermatology, Venereology and Immunopathology 8 Shcherbakova St. Ekaterinburg 620076 Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Saloutin
- Laboratory of fluoroorganic compounds Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy St. Ekaterinburg 620108 Russian Federation
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12
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Hanioka N, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Mori Y, Ikushiro S, Jinno H, Ohkawara S, Isobe T. Regioselective Glucuronidation of Flavones at C5, C7, and C4′ Positions in Human Liver and Intestinal Microsomes: Comparison among Apigenin, Acacetin, and Genkwanin. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1116-1123. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoko Mori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
| | | | | | - Susumu Ohkawara
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
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Fabbrini M, D’Amico F, Barone M, Conti G, Mengoli M, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Polyphenol and Tannin Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites: How the Human Gut Microbiota Influences Their Properties. Biomolecules 2022; 12:875. [PMID: 35883431 PMCID: PMC9312800 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years due to their potential role as adjuvants against non-communicable chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.). However, a limited number of studies have been performed to evaluate the bioavailability of such compounds, and it is generally reported that a substantial elevation of their plasma concentration can only be achieved when they are consumed at pharmacological levels. Even so, positive effects have been reported associated with an average dietary consumption of several nutraceutical classes, meaning that the primary compound might not be solely responsible for all the biological effects. The in vivo activities of such biomolecules might be carried out by metabolites derived from gut microbiota fermentative transformation. This review discusses the structure and properties of phenolic nutraceuticals (i.e., polyphenols and tannins) and the putative role of the human gut microbiota in influencing the beneficial effects of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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14
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Sakalem ME, Tabach R, de Oliveira M, Carlini EA. Behavioral Pharmacology of Five Uncommon Passiflora Species Indicates Sedative and Anxiolytic-like Potential. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:125-138. [PMID: 35473529 DOI: 10.2174/1871524922666220426102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are over 500 species in the Passiflora genus, and while some of them are very well known in folk medicine for their anxiolytic effects, very little is known for the other genus representants, which could also present medicinal effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, we performed an interspecific pharmacological comparison of five little investigated Passiflora species, all native to Brazil: P. bahiensis, P. coccinea, P. quadrangularis, P. sidaefolia, and P. vitifolia. METHOD Extracts were administered to mice before behavioral testing, which included a general pharmacological screening and anxiolytic-like effect investigation. RESULTS Three of the species [P. coccinea, P. quadrangularis, and P. sidaefolia] induced a decrease in locomotor activity of mice; P. coccinea also reduced the latency to sleep. Importantly, none of the species interfered with motor coordination. Oral administration evoked no severe signs of toxicity even at higher doses. Regarding the anxiolytic-like profile, P. sidaefolia reduced the anxious-like behavior in the Holeboard test in a similar way to the positive control, Passiflora incarnata, while not affecting total motricity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that P. coccinea, P. quadrangularis, and P. sidaefolia reduced the general activity of mice and confer a calmative/sedative potential to these three species, which must be further elucidated by future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marna Eliana Sakalem
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo [UNIFESP], Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tabach
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo [UNIFESP], Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University [UNESP], Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisaldo Araújo Carlini
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo [UNIFESP], Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Yu T, Huang D, Wu H, Chen H, Chen S, Cui Q. Navigating Calcium and Reactive Oxygen Species by Natural Flavones for the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:718496. [PMID: 34858167 PMCID: PMC8630744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.718496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death among men and women world-wide, causes great health and economic burdens. HF can be triggered by many factors, such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, obesity, etc., all of which have close relations with calcium signal and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Calcium is an essential second messenger in signaling pathways, playing a pivotal role in regulating the life and death of cardiomyocytes via the calcium-apoptosis link mediated by the cellular level of calcium. Meanwhile, calcium can also control the rate of energy production in mitochondria that are the major resources of ROS whose overproduction can lead to cell death. More importantly, there are bidirectional interactions between calcium and ROS, and such interactions may have therapeutic implications in treating HF through finely tuning the balance between these two by certain drugs. Many naturally derived products, e.g., flavones and isoflavones, have been shown to possess activities in regulating calcium and ROS simultaneously, thereby leading to a balanced microenvironment in heart tissues to exert therapeutic efficacies in HF. In this mini review, we aimed to provide an updated knowledge of the interplay between calcium and ROS in the development of HF. In addition, we summarized the recent studies (in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials) using natural isolated flavones and isoflavones in treating HF. Critical challenges are also discussed. The information collected may help to evoke multidisciplinary efforts in developing novel agents for the potential prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haokun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Cui
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wei J, Liu R, Zhang J, Liu S, Yan D, Wen X, Tian X. Baicalin Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Sorafenib in Rats by Inducing Intestine Absorption. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761763. [PMID: 34819863 PMCID: PMC8606670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib (SOR) is an oral, potent, selective, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) used as the first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Baicalin (BG) is used as adjuvant therapy for hepatitis, which accounts for the leading cause of the development of HCC, and is commonly coadministered with SOR in clinic. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic changes of SOR and the potential mechanism when SOR is administered concomitantly with BG in rats for single and multiple doses. Methods: Parallel randomized pharmacokinetic studies were performed in rats which received SOR (50 mg/kg, i.g.) alone or coadministered with BG (160 mg/kg, i.g.) for single and multiple doses (7 days). Plasma SOR levels were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Rat liver microsomes (RLMs) which isolated from their livers were analyzed for CYP3A and SOR metabolism activities. The inhibitory effect of BG on the metabolism of SOR was also assessed in pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). The effects of BG on the intestine absorption behaviors of SOR were assessed in the in situ single-pass rat intestinal perfusion model. Results: Coadministration with BG (160 mg/kg, i.g.) for single or multiple doses significantly increased the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ of orally administered SOR by 1.68-, 1.73-, 1.70-fold and 2.02-, 1.65-, 1.66- fold in male rats and by 1.85-, 1.68-, 1.68-fold and 1.57-, 1.25-, 1.24- fold in female rats, respectively (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In vitro incubation assays demonstrated that there were no significant differences of Km, Vmax, and CLint of 1-OH MDZ and SOR N-oxide in RLMs between control and multiple doses of BG-treated groups. BG has no obvious inhibitory effects on the metabolism of SOR in HLMs. In comparison with SOR alone, combining with BG significantly increased the permeability coefficient (Peff) and absorption rate constant (Ka) of the SOR in situ single-pass rat intestinal perfusion model. Conclusion: Notably enhanced oral bioavailability of SOR by combination with BG in rats may mainly account for BG-induced SOR absorption. A greater understanding of potential DDIs between BG and SOR in rats makes major contributions to clinical rational multidrug therapy in HCC patients. Clinical trials in humans and HCC patients need to be further confirmed in the subsequent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqian Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Eymery M, Tran-Nguyen VK, Boumendjel A. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis: Amino Acetophenones as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Natural Product Analogs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1127. [PMID: 34832909 PMCID: PMC8619038 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) represents a strategy to obtain molecule libraries with diverse structural features starting from one common compound in limited steps of synthesis. During the last two decades, DOS has become an unmissable strategy in organic synthesis and is fully integrated in various drug discovery processes. On the other hand, natural products with multiple relevant pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated as scaffolds for ligand-based drug design. In this article, we report the amino dimethoxyacetophenones that can be easily synthesized and scaled up from the commercially available 3,5-dimethoxyaniline as valuable starting blocks for the DOS of natural product analogs. More focus is placed on the synthesis of analogs of flavones, coumarins, azocanes, chalcones, and aurones, which are frequently studied as lead compounds in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Eymery
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Viet-Khoa Tran-Nguyen
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
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Extraction Processes Affect the Composition and Bioavailability of Flavones from Lamiaceae Plants: A Comprehensive Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiaceae plants are a widespread family of herbaceous plants with around 245 plant genera and nearly 22,576 species distributed in the world. Some of the most representative and widely studied Lamiaceae plants belong to the Ocimum, Origanum, Salvia, and Thymus genera. These plants are a rich source of bioactive molecules such as terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In this sense, there is a subgroup of flavonoids classified as flavones. Flavones have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic potential; thus, efficient extraction techniques from their original plant matrixes have been developed. Currently, conventional extraction methods involving organic solvents are no longer recommended due to their environmental consequences, and new environmentally friendly techniques have been developed. Moreover, once extracted, the bioactivity of flavones is highly linked to their bioavailability, which is often neglected. This review aims to comprehensively gather recent information (2011–2021) regarding extraction techniques and their important relationship with the bioavailability of flavones from Lamiaceae plants including Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, and Origanum.
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Shcherbakov KV, Panova MA, Burgart YV, Zarubaev VV, Gerasimova NA, Evstigneeva NP, Saloutin VI. The synthesis and biological evaluation of A- and B-ring fluorinated flavones and their key intermediates. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the tissue-specific flavonoid compositions and their biosynthesis pathways in Ziziphora bungeana. Chin Med 2020; 15:73. [PMID: 32695217 PMCID: PMC7364582 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ziziphora bungeana Juz. is a folk medicine from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The herb or the aerial parts of it have been used to medicinally treat cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids are the main pharmacologically active ingredients in Z. bungeana. Identification of the tissue-specific distribution of flavonoids in Z. bungeana is crucial for effective and sustainable medicinal use of the plant. Furthermore, understanding of the biosynthesis pathways of these flavonoids in Z. bungeana is of great biological significance. Methods The flavonoids from different tissues of Z. bungeana were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The full-length transcriptome of Z. bungeana was determined using a strategy based on a combination of Illumina and PacBio sequencing techniques. The functions of differentially expressed unigenes were predicted using bioinformatics methods and further investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and phylogenetic relationship analysis. Results Among the 12 major flavonoid components identified from Z. bungeana extracts, linarin was the most abundant component. Nine flavonoids were identified as characteristic components of specific tissues. Transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analysis revealed that 18 genes were putatively involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The gene expression and phylogenetic analysis results indicated that ZbPALs, Zb4CL3, ZbCHS1, and ZbCHI1 may be involved in the biosynthesis of the main flavonoid intermediate. ZbFNSII, ZbANS, and ZbFLS may be involved in the biosynthesis of flavones, anthocyanins, and flavonols, respectively. A map of the biosynthesis pathways of the 12 major flavonoids in Z. bungeana is proposed. Conclusions The chemical constituent analysis revealed the compositions of 9 characteristic flavonoids in different tissues of Z. bungeana. Linarin can be hydrolysed into acacetin to exert a pharmaceutical role. Apigenin-7-O-rutinoside is hypothesised to be the precursor of linarin in Z. bungeana. There was greater content of linarin in the aerial parts of the plant than in the whole herb, which provides a theoretical basis for using the aerial parts of Z. bungeana for medicine. These results provide a valuable reference for further research on the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways of Z. bungeana and will be significant for the effective utilisation and ecological protection of Z. bungeana.
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