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D’Amico F, Rinaldi M, Pascale R, Fabbrini M, Morelli MC, Siniscalchi A, Laici C, Coladonato S, Ravaioli M, Cescon M, Ambretti S, Viale P, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Giannella M. Gut microbiome dynamics and Enterobacterales infection in liver transplant recipients: A prospective observational study. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101039. [PMID: 38524669 PMCID: PMC10960129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiome (GM) dynamics in relation to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization, CRE infection, and non-CRE infection development within 2 months after liver transplant (LT). Methods A single-center, prospective study was performed in patients undergoing LT from November 2018 to January 2020. The GM was profiled through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of a rectal swab taken on the day of transplantation, and fecal samples were collected weekly until 1 month after LT. A subset of samples was subjected to shotgun metagenomics, including resistome dynamics. The primary endpoint was to explore changes in the GM in the following groups: (1) CRE carriers developing CRE infection (CRE_I); (2) CRE carriers not developing infection (CRE_UI); (3) non-CRE carriers developing microbial infection (INF); and (4) non-CRE carriers not developing infection (NEG). Results Overall, 97 patients were enrolled, and 91 provided fecal samples. Of these, five, nine, 22, and 55 patients were classified as CRE_I, CRE_UI, INF, and NEG, respectively. CRE_I patients showed an immediate and sustained post-LT decrease in alpha diversity, with depletion of the GM structure and gradual over-representation of Klebsiella and Enterococcus. The proportions of Klebsiella were significantly higher in CRE_I patients than in NEG patients even before LT, serving as an early marker of subsequent CRE infection. CRE_UI patients had a more stable and diverse GM, whose compositional dynamics tended to overlap with those of NEG patients. Conclusions GM profiling before LT could improve patient stratification and risk prediction and guide early GM-based intervention strategies to reduce infectious complications and improve overall prognosis. Impact and implications Little is known about the temporal dynamics of gut microbiome (GM) in liver transplant recipients associated with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization and infection. The GM structure and functionality of patients colonized with CRE and developing infection appeared to be distinct compared with CRE carriers without infection or patients with other microbial infection or no infection and CRE colonization. Higher proportions of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and poor representation of bacteria and metabolic pathways capable of promoting overall host health were observed in CRE carriers who developed infection, even before liver transplant. Therefore, pretransplant GM profiling could improve patient stratification and risk prediction and guide early GM-based intervention strategies to reduce infectious complications and improve overall prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D’Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rinaldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Integrated Management of Infectious Risk, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Pascale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Integrated Management of Infectious Risk, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Morelli
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Siniscalchi
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Laici
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Coladonato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Integrated Management of Infectious Risk, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Microbiology Operative Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Integrated Management of Infectious Risk, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Integrated Management of Infectious Risk, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
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Rampelli S, Gallois S, D’Amico F, Turroni S, Fabbrini M, Scicchitano D, Candela M, Henry A. The gut microbiome of Baka forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon is optimized for wild plant foods. iScience 2024; 27:109211. [PMID: 38433907 PMCID: PMC10904984 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is losing biodiversity, due to the "microbiome modernization process" that occurs with urbanization. To keep track of it, here we applied shotgun metagenomics to the gut microbiome of the Baka, a group of forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon, who combine hunting and gathering with growing a few crops and working for neighboring Bantu-speaking farmers. We analyzed the gut microbiome of individuals with different access to and use of wild plant and processed foods, to explore the variation of their gut microbiome along the cline from hunter-gatherer to agricultural subsistence patterns. We found that 26 species-level genome bins from our cohort were pivotal for the degradation of the wild plant food substrates. These microbes include Old Friend species and are encoded for genes that are no longer present in industrialized gut microbiome. Our results highlight the potential relevance of these genes to human biology and health, in relation to lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandrine Gallois
- Department of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, ST, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DiMeC), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DiMeC), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Amanda Henry
- Department of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, the Netherlands
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Masetti R, Leardini D, Muratore E, Fabbrini M, D’Amico F, Zama D, Baccelli F, Gottardi F, Belotti T, Ussowicz M, Fraczkiewicz J, Cesaro S, Zecca M, Merli P, Candela M, Pession A, Locatelli F, Prete A, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Gut microbiota diversity before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of mortality in children. Blood 2023; 142:1387-1398. [PMID: 37856089 PMCID: PMC10651870 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation existing between gut microbiota diversity and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has so far been studied in adults. Pediatric studies question whether this association applies to children as well. Stool samples from a multicenter cohort of 90 pediatric allo-HSCT recipients were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to profile the gut microbiota and estimate diversity with the Shannon index. A global-to-local networking approach was used to characterize the ecological structure of the gut microbiota. Patients were stratified into higher- and lower-diversity groups at 2 time points: before transplantation and at neutrophil engraftment. The higher-diversity group before transplantation exhibited a higher probability of overall survival (88.9% ± 5.7% standard error [SE] vs 62.7% ± 8.2% SE; P = .011) and lower incidence of grade 2 to 4 and grade 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). No significant difference in relapse-free survival was observed between the 2 groups (80.0% ± 6.0% SE vs 55.4% ± 10.8% SE; P = .091). The higher-diversity group was characterized by higher relative abundances of potentially health-related microbial families, such as Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospiraceae. In contrast, the lower-diversity group showed an overabundance of Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Network analysis detected short-chain fatty acid producers, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Bacteroides, as keystones in the higher-diversity group. Enterococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacter were instead the keystones detected in the lower-diversity group. These results indicate that gut microbiota diversity and composition before transplantation correlate with survival and with the likelihood of developing aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Microbiomics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Microbiomics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Baccelli
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gottardi
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tamara Belotti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jowita Fraczkiewicz
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Microbiomics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Magzal F, Turroni S, Fabbrini M, Barone M, Vitman Schorr A, Ofran A, Tamir S. A personalized diet intervention improves depression symptoms and changes microbiota and metabolite profiles among community-dwelling older adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1234549. [PMID: 37794974 PMCID: PMC10547149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of diet on mental well-being and gut microorganisms in humans is well recognized. However, research on the connections between food nutrients, gut microbiota, and mental health remains limited. To address this, the present study aimed to assess the effects of a personalized diet, based on individual needs and aligned with the Mediterranean diet principles, on depression symptoms, quality of life, nutritional intake, and gut microbiota changes among older adults living in the community. Methods The intervention involved regular visits from a registered dietitian, who provided tailored dietary recommendations. During the 6-month study, participants completed questionnaires to evaluate their depression levels, quality of life, and dietary habits. Additionally, they provided stool samples for analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites. Results The results demonstrated that the personalized dietary intervention reduced depression symptoms and improved the quality of life among older adults. Furthermore, significant changes in the intake of certain nutrients, such as folate, lutein, zeaxanthin, EPA, and DHA, were observed following the intervention. Moreover, the intervention was associated with increased diversity in the gut microbiome and reduced total short-chain fatty acids, the main metabolites produced by gut microorganisms. The study also revealed correlations between food nutrients, gut microbiota, and mental health parameters. Discussion In conclusion, this research highlights the potential advantages of personalized dietary interventions in managing depression and enhancing overall well-being among older populations. It also sheds light on the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in these effects. The findings offer valuable insights into the significance of nutrition and gut health for mental well-being in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiga Magzal
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Snait Tamir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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Mengoli M, Conti G, Fabbrini M, Candela M, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Barone M. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and ketogenic diet: how close are we to tackling epilepsy? Microbiome Res Rep 2023; 2:32. [PMID: 38045924 PMCID: PMC10688818 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis refers to the intricate bidirectional communication between commensal microorganisms residing in the digestive tract and the central nervous system, along neuroendocrine, metabolic, immune, and inflammatory pathways. This axis has been suggested to play a role in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy, paving the way for microbiome-based intervention strategies for the mitigation and treatment of symptoms. Epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological condition affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide, 30% of whom do not respond to conventional pharmacological therapies. Among the first-hand microbiota modulation strategies, nutritional interventions represent an easily applicable option in both clinical and home settings. In this narrative review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis involvement in epilepsy, discuss the impact of antiepileptic drugs on the gut microbiome, and then the impact of a particular dietary pattern, the ketogenic diet, on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in epileptic patients. The investigation of the microbiota response to non-pharmacological therapies is an ever-expanding field with the potential to allow the design of increasingly accessible and successful intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Roggiani S, Zama D, D’Amico F, Rocca A, Fabbrini M, Totaro C, Pierantoni L, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Lanari M. Gut, oral, and nasopharyngeal microbiota dynamics in the clinical course of hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1193113. [PMID: 37680746 PMCID: PMC10482328 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalization in infants worldwide. The nasopharyngeal microbiota has been suggested to play a role in influencing the clinical course of RSV bronchiolitis, and some evidence has been provided regarding oral and gut microbiota. However, most studies have focused on a single timepoint, and none has investigated all three ecosystems at once. Methods Here, we simultaneously reconstructed the gut, oral and nasopharyngeal microbiota dynamics of 19 infants with RSV bronchiolitis in relation to the duration of hospitalization (more or less than 5 days). Fecal samples, oral swabs, and nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected at three timepoints (emergency room admission, discharge and six-month follow-up) and profiled by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results Interestingly, all ecosystems underwent rearrangements over time but with distinct configurations depending on the clinical course of bronchiolitis. In particular, infants hospitalized for longer showed early and persistent signatures of unhealthy microbiota in all ecosystems, i.e., an increased representation of pathobionts and a depletion of typical age-predicted commensals. Discussion Monitoring infant microbiota during RSV bronchiolitis and promptly reversing any dysbiotic features could be important for prognosis and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roggiani
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rocca
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Totaro
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pierantoni
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bano A, Abrar S, Brilli E, Tarantino G, Bugti AA, Fabbrini M, Conti G, Turroni S, Bugti M, Afridi F, Mureed S, Zada H, Din Ujjan I, Ashraf S, Ghafoor A, Khan S, Khan A. A comparative absorption study of sucrosomial ® orodispersible vitamin D3 supplementation vs. a reference chewable tablet and soft gel capsule vitamin D3 in improving circulatory 25(OH)D levels in healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency-Results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221685. [PMID: 37662595 PMCID: PMC10469777 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency (VDD), associated with diverse health conditions, is commonly treated with Vit D3 supplements. However, the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of Vit D3 in different formulations has not been well studied. Objective We aimed to compare the absorption of an innovative phospholipids-sucrester matrix biodelivery vehicle-based (sucrosomial®) orodispersible Vit D3 preparation against a reference chewable tablet and soft gel capsule (SGC) Vit D3 formulations in Vit D-deficient healthy adults. Methods In study 1, 25 subjects were randomized to receive a weekly single dose of 200,000 IU of sucrosomial® Vit D3 (n = 12) or chewable tablet Vit D3 (n = 13) for 3 weeks. In study 2, 20 subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of 200,000 IU every other week of sucrosomial® Vit D3 (n = 10) or SGC Vit D3 (n = 10) for 6 weeks. Circulatory 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] levels were reassessed after 2, 3, and 6 weeks in study 1 and after 4 and 6 weeks in study 2. Results In study 1, after 2 weeks, circulatory 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in both Vit D3 treatment groups (p < 0.0001) but improved markedly in the sucrosomial® Vit D3 group, with no further considerable change after 3 and 6 weeks in both groups. Overall, at all three follow-ups, sucrosomial® Vit D3 treatment achieved significantly higher and sustained 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.001). In study 2, after 4 weeks, both Vit D3 treatment groups showed significant improvement in circulatory 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.0001) but substantially higher in the sucrosomial® group with statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups (p = 0.02). At the 6-week follow-up, only subjects in the sucrosomial® Vit D3 group showed a further increase in circulatory 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.049), but no further significant changes in the levels of the SGC Vit D3 group (p = 0.062), showing a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups (p = 0.002). The Vit D3 treatment was well tolerated by all participants, and no treatment-emergent effects or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Our results suggest that the sucrosomial® Vit D3 preparation absorbs efficiently in the GI system, achieving adequately higher and sustained circulatory Vit D levels in VDD, and thus can effectively contribute to the body protection against VDD-associated health conditions. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT05706259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasiya Bano
- PEOC, Department of Health, Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Saida Abrar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Elisa Brilli
- Department of R&D, PharmaNutra S.p.A, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ali Akbar Bugti
- Department of General Surgery, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital (BMCH), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mahroo Bugti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BMCH, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Fauzia Afridi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Mureed
- Department of Paediatrics, BMCH, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Hakeem Zada
- Mubarak Diagnostic Laboratory and Research Center, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Ashraf
- Department of Pulmonology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ghafoor
- Department of Gastroenterology, LRH, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Khan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, LUMHS, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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8
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Fabbrini M, Scicchitano D, Candela M, Turroni S, Rampelli S. Connect the dots: sketching out microbiome interactions through networking approaches. Microbiome Res Rep 2023; 2:25. [PMID: 38058764 PMCID: PMC10696587 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome networking analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the complex interactions among microorganisms in various ecological niches, including the human body and several environments. This analysis has been used extensively in both human and environmental studies, revealing key taxa and functional units peculiar to the ecosystem considered. In particular, it has been mainly used to investigate the effects of environmental stressors, such as pollution, climate change or therapies, on host-associated microbial communities and ecosystem function. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in microbiome networking analysis, including methods for constructing and analyzing microbiome networks, and provide a case study on how to use these tools. These analyses typically involve constructing a network that represents interactions among microbial taxa or functional units, such as genes or metabolic pathways. Such networks can be based on a variety of data sources, including 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and metabolomics data. Once constructed, these networks can be analyzed to identify key nodes or modules important for the stability and function of the microbiome. By providing insights into essential ecological features of microbial communities, microbiome networking analysis has the potential to transform our understanding of the microbial world and its impact on human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Daniel Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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9
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Vandoni G, D'Amico F, Fabbrini M, Mariani L, Sieri S, Casirati A, Di Guardo L, Del Vecchio M, Anichini A, Mortarini R, Sgambelluri F, Celano G, Serale N, De Angelis M, Brigidi P, Gavazzi C, Turroni S. Gut Microbiota, Metabolome, and Body Composition Signatures of Response to Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11611. [PMID: 37511376 PMCID: PMC10380337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent breakthroughs in targeted and immunotherapy for melanoma, the overall survival rate remains low. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the gut microbiota and other modifiable patient factors (e.g., diet and body composition), though their role in influencing therapeutic responses has yet to be defined. Here, we characterized a cohort of 31 patients with unresectable IIIC-IV-stage cutaneous melanoma prior to initiation of targeted or first-line immunotherapy via the following methods: (i) fecal microbiome and metabolome via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively, and (ii) anthropometry, body composition, nutritional status, physical activity, biochemical parameters, and immunoprofiling. According to our data, patients subsequently classified as responders were obese (i.e., with high body mass index and high levels of total, visceral, subcutaneous, and intramuscular adipose tissue), non-sarcopenic, and enriched in certain fecal taxa (e.g., Phascolarctobacterium) and metabolites (e.g., anethole), which were potentially endowed with immunostimulatory and oncoprotective activities. On the other hand, non-response was associated with increased proportions of Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Dorea, Fusobacterium, higher neutrophil levels (and a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), and higher fecal levels of butyric acid and its esters, which also correlated with decreased survival. This exploratory study provides an integrated list of potential early prognostic biomarkers that could improve the clinical management of patients with advanced melanoma, in particular by guiding the design of adjuvant therapeutic strategies to improve treatment response and support long-term health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vandoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituito Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Casirati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Guardo
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mortarini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sgambelluri
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nadia Serale
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gavazzi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Roggiani S, Mengoli M, Conti G, Fabbrini M, Brigidi P, Barone M, D'Amico F, Turroni S. Gut microbiota resilience and recovery after anticancer chemotherapy. Microbiome Res Rep 2023; 2:16. [PMID: 38046820 PMCID: PMC10688789 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although research on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in human health has sharply increased in recent years, what a "healthy" gut microbiota is and how it responds to major stressors is still difficult to establish. In particular, anticancer chemotherapy is known to have a drastic impact on the microbiota structure, potentially hampering its recovery with serious long-term consequences for patients' health. However, the distinguishing features of gut microbiota recovery and non-recovery processes are not yet known. In this narrative review, we first investigated how gut microbiota layouts are affected by anticancer chemotherapy and identified potential gut microbial recovery signatures. Then, we discussed microbiome-based intervention strategies aimed at promoting resilience, i.e., the rapid and complete recovery of a healthy gut microbial network associated with a better prognosis after such high-impact pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roggiani
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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11
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Nanetti E, Palladino G, Scicchitano D, Trapella G, Cinti N, Fabbrini M, Cozzi A, Accetta G, Tassini C, Iannaccone L, Candela M, Rampelli S. Composition and biodiversity of soil and root-associated microbiome in Vitis vinifera cultivar Lambrusco distinguish the microbial terroir of the Lambrusco DOC protected designation of origin area on a local scale. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108036. [PMID: 36910169 PMCID: PMC9992870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wines produced from the same grape cultivars but in different locations possess distinctive qualities leading to different consumer's appreciation, preferences, and thus purchase choices. Here, we explore the possible importance of microbiomes at the soil-plant interface as a determinant of the terroir properties in grapevine production, which confer specific growth performances and wine chemo-sensory properties at the local scale. Methods In particular, we investigated the variation in microbial communities associated with the roots of Vitis vinifera cultivar Lambrusco, as well as with surrounding bulk soils, in different vineyards across the "Consorzio Tutela Lambrusco DOC" protected designation of origin area (PDO, Emilia Romagna, Italy), considering viticultural sites located both inside and outside the consortium in two different seasons (June and November 2021). Results According to our findings, rhizospheric and soil microbiomes show significant structural differences in relation to the sampling site, regardless of seasonality, while endophytic microbiomes seem to be completely unaffected by such variables. Furthermore, a deeper insight into the microbial terroir of PDO areas highlighted the presence of some rhizospheric microorganisms enriched inside the consortium and characterizing the PDO regardless of both sampling season and farming strategy. These include Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Azospirillum, which are all well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria. Discussion Taken together, our results suggest a connection between soil and root microbiomes of V. vinifera cultivar Lambrusco and the local designation of origin, emphasizing the potential role of PDO-enriched plant growth-promoting bacteria in vine growing and final quality of the Lambrusco DOC wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Nanetti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Daniel Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Giulia Trapella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cinti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Cozzi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Tassini
- Istituto Tecnico Statale "Ignazio Calvi", Finale Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Conti G, D’Amico F, Fabbrini M, Brigidi P, Barone M, Turroni S. Pharmacomicrobiomics in Anticancer Therapies: Why the Gut Microbiota Should Be Pointed Out. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:55. [PMID: 36672796 PMCID: PMC9859289 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer treatments have shown a variable therapeutic outcome that may be partly attributable to the activity of the gut microbiota on the pathology and/or therapies. In recent years, microbiota-drug interactions have been extensively investigated, but most of the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and some of the most commonly used drugs in oncological diseases. Different strategies for manipulating the gut microbiota layout (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) are then explored in order to optimize clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Anticancer technologies that exploit tumor-associated bacteria to target tumors and biotransform drugs are also briefly discussed. In the field of pharmacomicrobiomics, multi-omics strategies coupled with machine and deep learning are urgently needed to bring to light the interaction among gut microbiota, drugs, and host for the development of truly personalized precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Pascazio A, Maestri Tassoni M, Ulivi M, Furfori G, Fabbrini M, Hoxhaj D, Annuzzi E, Siciliano G, Bonanni E, Pasquali L. RLS prevalence and impact on sleep quality in a group of relapsing-remittent multiple sclerosis patients. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Scicchitano D, Lo Martire M, Palladino G, Nanetti E, Fabbrini M, Dell’Anno A, Rampelli S, Corinaldesi C, Candela M. Microbiome network in the pelagic and benthic offshore systems of the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Sci Rep 2022; 12:16670. [PMID: 36198901 PMCID: PMC9535000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBecause of their recognized global importance, there is now the urgent need to map diversity and distribution patterns of marine microbial communities. Even if available studies provided some advances in the understanding the biogeographical patterns of marine microbiomes at the global scale, their degree of plasticity at the local scale it is still underexplored, and functional implications still need to be dissected. In this scenario here we provide a synoptical study on the microbiomes of the water column and surface sediments from 19 sites in a 130 km2 area located 13.5 km afar from the coast in the North-Western Adriatic Sea (Italy), providing the finest-scale mapping of marine microbiomes in the Mediterranean Sea. Pelagic and benthic microbiomes in the study area showed sector specific-patterns and distinct assemblage structures, corresponding to specific variations in the microbiome network structure. While maintaining a balanced structure in terms of potential ecosystem services (e.g., hydrocarbon degradation and nutrient cycling), sector-specific patterns of over-abundant modules—and taxa—were defined, with the South sector (the closest to the coast) characterized by microbial groups of terrestrial origins, both in the pelagic and the benthic realms. By the granular assessment of the marine microbiome changes at the local scale, we have been able to describe, to our knowledge at the first time, the integration of terrestrial microorganisms in the marine microbiome networks, as a possible natural process characterizing eutrophic coastal area. This raises the question about the biological threshold for terrestrial microorganisms to be admitted in the marine microbiome networks, without altering the ecological balance.
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15
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Sharon I, Quijada NM, Pasolli E, Fabbrini M, Vitali F, Agamennone V, Dötsch A, Selberherr E, Grau JH, Meixner M, Liere K, Ercolini D, de Filippo C, Caderni G, Brigidi P, Turroni S. The Core Human Microbiome: Does It Exist and How Can We Find It? A Critical Review of the Concept. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142872. [PMID: 35889831 PMCID: PMC9323970 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The core microbiome, which refers to a set of consistent microbial features across populations, is of major interest in microbiome research and has been addressed by numerous studies. Understanding the core microbiome can help identify elements that lead to dysbiosis, and lead to treatments for microbiome-related health states. However, defining the core microbiome is a complex task at several levels. In this review, we consider the current state of core human microbiome research. We consider the knowledge that has been gained, the factors limiting our ability to achieve a reliable description of the core human microbiome, and the fields most likely to improve that ability. DNA sequencing technologies and the methods for analyzing metagenomics and amplicon data will most likely facilitate higher accuracy and resolution in describing the microbiome. However, more effort should be invested in characterizing the microbiome’s interactions with its human host, including the immune system and nutrition. Other components of this holobiontic system should also be emphasized, such as fungi, protists, lower eukaryotes, viruses, and phages. Most importantly, a collaborative effort of experts in microbiology, nutrition, immunology, medicine, systems biology, bioinformatics, and machine learning is probably required to identify the traits of the core human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Sharon
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Narciso Martín Quijada
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (N.M.Q.); (E.S.)
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (S.T.)
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.V.); (C.d.F.)
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands;
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI)-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (N.M.Q.); (E.S.)
| | - José Horacio Grau
- Amedes Genetics, Amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.G.); (M.M.); (K.L.)
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Martin Meixner
- Amedes Genetics, Amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.G.); (M.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Karsten Liere
- Amedes Genetics, Amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.G.); (M.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Carlotta de Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.V.); (C.d.F.)
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (S.T.)
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16
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Fabbrini M, D’Amico F, Barone M, Conti G, Mengoli M, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Polyphenol and Tannin Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites: How the Human Gut Microbiota Influences Their Properties. Biomolecules 2022; 12:875. [PMID: 35883431 PMCID: PMC9312800 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years due to their potential role as adjuvants against non-communicable chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.). However, a limited number of studies have been performed to evaluate the bioavailability of such compounds, and it is generally reported that a substantial elevation of their plasma concentration can only be achieved when they are consumed at pharmacological levels. Even so, positive effects have been reported associated with an average dietary consumption of several nutraceutical classes, meaning that the primary compound might not be solely responsible for all the biological effects. The in vivo activities of such biomolecules might be carried out by metabolites derived from gut microbiota fermentative transformation. This review discusses the structure and properties of phenolic nutraceuticals (i.e., polyphenols and tannins) and the putative role of the human gut microbiota in influencing the beneficial effects of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Barone M, D'Amico F, Fabbrini M, Rampelli S, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Over-feeding the gut microbiome: A scoping review on health implications and therapeutic perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7041-7064. [PMID: 34887627 PMCID: PMC8613651 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has gained increasing attention over the past two decades. Several findings have shown that this complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem can contribute to the maintenance of host health or, when subject to imbalances, to the pathogenesis of various enteric and non-enteric diseases. This scoping review summarizes the current knowledge on how the gut microbiota and microbially-derived compounds affect host metabolism, especially in the context of obesity and related disorders. Examples of microbiome-based targeted intervention strategies that aim to restore and maintain an eubiotic layout are then discussed. Adjuvant therapeutic interventions to alleviate obesity and associated comorbidities are traditionally based on diet modulation and the supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics. However, these approaches have shown only moderate ability to induce sustained changes in the gut microbial ecosystem, making the development of innovative and tailored microbiome-based intervention strategies of utmost importance in clinical practice. In this regard, the administration of next-generation probiotics and engineered microbiomes has shown promising results, together with more radical intervention strategies based on the replacement of the dysbiotic ecosystem by means of fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors or with the introduction of synthetic communities specifically designed to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome. Finally, we provide a perspective for future translational investigations through the implementation of bioinformatics approaches, including machine and deep learning, to predict health risks and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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D’Amico F, Perrone AM, Rampelli S, Coluccelli S, Barone M, Ravegnini G, Fabbrini M, Brigidi P, De Iaco P, Turroni S. Gut Microbiota Dynamics during Chemotherapy in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Are Related to Therapeutic Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163999. [PMID: 34439153 PMCID: PMC8393652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This pilot study on the trajectory of the gut microbiota (GM) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy highlighted peculiar dynamics associated with the therapeutic outcome. In particular, platinum-resistant patients showed a marked temporal reduction in GM diversity and increased instability with loss of health-associated taxa and increased proportions of lactate-producing microorganisms compared to those sensitive to platinum. These potential GM signatures of therapeutic failure are detectable within the first half of chemotherapy cycles, suggesting that early integrated treatments also aimed at modulating GM could influence therapeutic outcome. Further studies in larger cohorts combining multiple omics and possibly animal models are urgently needed for in-depth mechanistic understanding. Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal and silent gynecological tumors. Despite appropriate surgery and chemotherapy, relapse occurs in over half of patients with a poor prognosis. Recently, the gut microbiota (GM) was hypothesized to influence the efficacy of anticancer therapies, but no data are available in EOC. Here, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, we profiled the GM of EOC patients at diagnosis and reconstructed its trajectory along the course of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy up to follow-up. Compared to healthy subjects, the GM of EOC patients appeared unbalanced and severely affected by chemotherapy. Strikingly, discriminating patterns were identified in relation to the therapeutic response. Platinum-resistant patients showed a marked temporal reduction in GM diversity and increased instability with loss of health-associated taxa and increased proportions of Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium. Notably, most of these microorganisms are lactate producers, suggesting increased lactate production as supported by inferred metagenomics. In contrast, the GM of platinum-sensitive patients appeared overall more diverse and stable and enriched in lactate utilizers from the Veillonellaceae family. In conclusion, we identified potential GM signatures of therapeutic outcome in EOC patients, which could open up new opportunities for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D’Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (P.D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (M.F.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2099727
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (P.D.I.)
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (M.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Sara Coluccelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (P.D.I.)
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (P.D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (M.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (M.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (M.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (P.D.I.)
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (P.D.I.)
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (M.F.); (S.T.)
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Rampelli S, Fabbrini M, Candela M, Biagi E, Brigidi P, Turroni S. G2S: A New Deep Learning Tool for Predicting Stool Microbiome Structure From Oral Microbiome Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:644516. [PMID: 33897763 PMCID: PMC8062976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.644516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning methodologies have revolutionized prediction in many fields and show the potential to do the same in microbial metagenomics. However, deep learning is still unexplored in the field of microbiology, with only a few software designed to work with microbiome data. Within the meta-community theory, we foresee new perspectives for the development and application of deep learning algorithms in the field of the human microbiome. In this context, we developed G2S, a bioinformatic tool for taxonomic prediction of the human fecal microbiome directly from the oral microbiome data of the same individual. The tool uses a deep convolutional neural network trained on paired oral and fecal samples from populations across the globe, which allows inferring the stool microbiome at the family level more accurately than other available approaches. The tool can be used in retrospective studies, where fecal sampling was not performed, and especially in the field of paleomicrobiology, as a unique opportunity to recover data related to ancient gut microbiome configurations. G2S was validated on already characterized oral and fecal sample pairs, and then applied to ancient microbiome data from dental calculi, to derive putative intestinal components in medieval subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Schirru A, Carnicelli L, Maestri M, Crapanzano D, Fabbrini M, Bonuccelli U, Bonanni E. Disruption of sleep-wake continuum in myotonic dystrophy type I: sleep macrostructural and microstructural findings. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bonanni E, Maestri M, Fabbrini M, Cirignotta F, Ferini-Strambi L, Gigli GL, Parrino L, Murri L. Sleep education in Italy. Sleep Med 2012; 13:450. [PMID: 22285039 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fabbrini M, Bonanni E, Maestri M, Passino C, Giannoni A, Emdin M, Varanini M, Murri L. Automatic analysis of EEG pattern during sleep in Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure. Sleep Med 2011; 12:529-30. [PMID: 21493131 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fabbrini
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Italy
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Bruno R, Ghiadoni L, Fabbrini M, Rossi L, Lena A, Maestri M, Bonanni E, Taddei S. P2.08 ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND RENAL VASODILATION, BUT NOT ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, ARE IMPAIRED IN LEAN, NORMOTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA. Artery Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Bonanni E, Tognoni G, Maestri M, Salvati N, Fabbrini M, Borghetti D, Di Coscio E, Choub A, Sposito R, Pagni C, Iudice A, Murri L. Sleep disturbances in elderly subjects: an epidemiological survey in an Italian district. Acta Neurol Scand 2010; 122:389-97. [PMID: 20175759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disturbed sleep is common in elderly people and has been related to comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sleep problems and their relationship with chronic disease in an elderly population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole population of subjects aged more than 65 years, in the municipality of Vecchiano, Pisa was considered as eligible and underwent a clinical interview and a questionnaire about insomnia, sleepiness, snoring and sleep apnea. A model of logistic regression was applied to the data. RESULTS The participation rate was 60.3% (1427 subjects). Insomnia was observed in 44.2% of our population, while sleepiness in 31.3%, snoring in 47.2% and sleep apnea in 9.0%. The most common diseases associated with sleep symptoms were depression, cognitive decline and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that sleep problems are very common in elderly subjects and closely related to medical and psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bonanni
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Barreca AM, Sjögren B, Fabbrini M, Galli C, Gentili P. Catalytic Efficiency of some Mediators in Laccase-Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420410001692750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Borghetti D, Bruni A, Fabbrini M, Murri L, Sartucci F. A low-cost interface for control of computer functions by means of eye movements. Comput Biol Med 2007; 37:1765-70. [PMID: 17601527 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human-computer interactions (HCI) have become an important area of research and development in computer science and psychology. Appropriate use of computers could be of primary importance for communication and education of those subjects which could not move, speak, see or hear properly. The aim of our study was to develop a reliable, low-cost and easy-to-use HCI based on electrooculography signal analysis, to allow physically impaired patients to control a computer as assisted communication. Twenty healthy subjects served as volunteers: eye movements were captured by means of four electrodes and a two-channel amplifier. The output signal was then transmitted to an "Analog to Digital" (AD) converter, which digitized the signal of the amplifier at a rate of 500 Hz, before being sent to a laptop. We designed and coded a specific software, which analyzed the input signal to give an interpretation of eye movements. By means of a single ocular movement (up, down, left and right) the subjects were then able to move a cursor over a screen keyboard, passing from one letter to another; a double eye blink was then necessary to select and write the active letter. After a brief training session, all the subjects were able to confidently control the cursor and write words using only ocular movements and blinking. For each subject we presented three series of randomized words: mean time required to enter a single character was about 8.5s, while input errors were very limited (less than 1 per 250 characters). Our results confirm those obtained in previous studies: eye-movement interface can be used to properly control computer functions and to assist communication of movement-impaired patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurology, Pisa University School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Borghetti D, Pizzanelli C, Maritato P, Fabbrini M, Jensen S, Iudice A, Murri L, Sartucci F. Mismatch negativity analysis in drug-resistant epileptic patients implanted with vagus nerve stimulator. Brain Res Bull 2007; 73:81-5. [PMID: 17499640 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that some epileptic patients does not respond to conventional treatments, despite multiple combination of antiepileptic drugs, and they are therefore considered drug-resistant. For these patients, vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) represents a successful alternative to traditional therapy, and it is generally well tolerated; beside benefits on seizure frequency, VNS showed positive effects on cognition and mood. Aim of this study was to investigate short-term memory changes in a group of 12 patients implanted with VNS, through Mismatch Negativity wave (MMN). After 1 year of follow-up, MMN latencies and amplitudes did not show significant changes following VNS implantation, independently on current intensity, as compared with pre-implantation values. In two patients, MMN values, which were abnormal before VNS implantation, showed a major reduction in latency and an increase in amplitude after implantation, suggesting a likely positive effect of VNS on pre-attentive processes investigated by MMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurology, Pisa University School of Medicine, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
Despite the fact that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often include leg restlessness as a sensory symptom, MS is not mentioned amongst symptomatic restless legs syndrome (RLS) forms. The aim of this study was to estimate RLS prevalence in a large population of MS patients, comparing clinical and MRI findings between patients with and without RLS. Each of the 156 MS patients (100 females, 56 males, mean age 40.7 +/- 10.4) enrolled in a prospective study underwent a medical history interview, a neurological examination with the assessment of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and a structured questionnaire to verify the presence and features of RLS. Conventional brain-spinal MRIs of 99 subjects were also evaluated and compared between patients with and without RLS. Fifty-one subjects (32.7%) (mean age 43.8 +/- 12.8) met the criteria for RLS. In a few patients (8.5%), the RLS preceded clinical MS onset, whilst in the remaining cases the RLS was followed by or was simultaneous with clinical MS onset. Comparing the RLS group with the group without RLS, no significant differences were found in MS duration, gender, and referred sleep habits. The primary progressive MS course was more represented in the RLS group, which also showed a higher EDSS score. RLS is a very common finding in MS patients and should be considered amongst the symptomatic RLS forms. RLS is also associated with higher disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manconi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Scientific Institute, University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Bonanni E, Borghetti D, Fabbrini M, Maestri M, Cignoni F, Sartucci F, Murri L. Quantitative EEG analysis in post-traumatic anosmia. Brain Res Bull 2006; 71:69-75. [PMID: 17113930 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many objective and quantitative methods have been developed to create a procedure or a device to prove, describe and quantify olfactory deficit and anosmia, especially after a head trauma. Electrophysiological testing throughout olfactoelectroencephalography (olfactoEEG) is based on brain activity desynchronisation, and on the subsequent disappearance of alpha activity on the posterior regions after an olfactory stimulus. Yet traditional evaluation of EEG can be difficult, because of little or hardly detectable alpha activity on the posterior regions ('alpha rare'). The aim of this study was to evaluate the Olfactory Stop Reaction (OSR) by means of frequency band power calculation and subsequent topographical mapping in patients with post-traumatic anosmia, who presented 'alpha rare' EEG. Twenty-five consecutive patients, affected by anosmia caused by head trauma, were submitted to an EEG recording with olfactory stimulation. After signal processing and analysis, an Olfactory Stop Reaction was detected in 17 out of 25 patients; moreover, in these patients we detected a significant decrease in alpha band power in the occipital regions and an increase in theta band power on midline frontal and central regions after olfactory stimulation. In the remaining eight patients, no significant variation in band power was observed. In conclusion, an objective evaluation of the olfactory function with this method of automatic EEG signal analysis allows the limits given by psychophysical methods and traditional EEG to be overcome and attempts to fulfil the requirements for standardization of olfactory function evalution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonanni
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Campiani G, Aiello F, Fabbrini M, Morelli E, Ramunno A, Armaroli S, Nacci V, Garofalo A, Greco G, Novellino E, Maga G, Spadari S, Bergamini A, Ventura L, Bongiovanni B, Capozzi M, Bolacchi F, Marini S, Coletta M, Guiso G, Caccia S. Quinoxalinylethylpyridylthioureas (QXPTs) as potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. Further SAR studies and identification of a novel orally bioavailable hydrazine-based antiviral agent. J Med Chem 2001; 44:305-15. [PMID: 11462972 DOI: 10.1021/jm0010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxalinylethylpyridylthioureas (QXPTs) represent a new class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) whose prototype is 6-FQXPT (6). Docking studies based on the three-dimensional structure of RT prompted the synthesis of novel heteroarylethylpyridylthioureas which were tested as anti-HIV agents. Several compounds proved to be potent broad-spectrum enzyme inhibitors and significantly inhibited HIV-1 replication in vitro. Their potency depends on the substituents and the nature of the heterocyclic skeleton linked to the ethyl spacer, and structure-activity relationships are discussed in terms of the possible interaction with the RT binding site. Although the new QXPTs analogues show potent antiviral activity, none of the compounds tested overcome the pharmacokinetic disadvantages inherent to ethylpyridylthioureidic antiviral agents, which in general have very low oral bioavailability. Through an integrated effort involving synthesis, docking studies, and biological and pharmacokinetic evaluation, we investigated the structural dependence of the poor bioavailability and rapid clearance within the thioureidic series of antivirals. Replacing the ethylthioureidic moiety with a hydrazine linker led to a new antiviral lead, offering promising pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in terms of antiviral activity and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facolta' di Farmacia, Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
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Baciocchi E, Fabbrini M, Lanzalunga O, Manduchi L, Pochetti G. Prochiral selectivity in H(2)O(2)-promoted oxidation of arylalkanols catalysed by chloroperoxidase. The role of the interactions between the OH group and the amino-acid residues in the enzyme active site. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:665-72. [PMID: 11168405 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The H(2)O(2)-promoted oxidations of (R)-[alpha-(2)H(1)]-and (S)-[alpha-(2)H(1)]-arylalkanols catalysed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago have been investigated. It has been found that with (R)-[alpha-(2)H(1)]-alcohols, the oxidation involves almost exclusively the cleavage of the C-H bond, whereas in the case of the oxidation of (S)-[alpha-(2)H(1)]-alcohols, the C-D bond is preferentially broken. These results clearly indicate that the reactions of corresponding undeuterated arylalkanols are characterized by a high prochiral selectivity, involving the cleavage of the pro-S C-H bond. This prochiral selectivity is poorly influenced by the electronic effect of ring substituents, whereas it decreases with the length of the carbon lateral chain, in the order: benzyl alcohol > 2-phenylethanol > 3-phenylpropanol. Molecular binding studies showed that the main factor directing the docking of the substrate in such a specific orientation in the enzyme active site is the interaction between the alcoholic OH group and the residue Glu183. This interaction is likely to drive both the stereochemistry and the regiochemistry of these reactions. A bifurcated hydrogen bond involving the OH group, the carboxylate oxygen of Glu183 and the oxoferryl oxygen might also be operating.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baciocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Campiani G, Fabbrini M, Morelli E, Nacci V, Greco G, Novellino E, Maga G, Spadari S, Bergamini A, Faggioli E, Uccella I, Bolacchi F, Marini S, Coletta M, Fracasso C, Caccia S. Non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoxalinylethylpyridylthioureas as potent antiviral agents. Antivir Chem Chemother 2000; 11:141-55. [PMID: 10819438 DOI: 10.1177/095632020001100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New heterocyclic derivatives of ethylpyridylthiourea, quinoxalinylethylpyridylthiourea (QXPT) and analogues, inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and prevented HIV-1 cytopathogenicity in T4 lymphocytes. Several of these novel non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, with a substituted pyrroloquinoxalinone heteroaromatic skeleton, showed inhibitory activity against wild-type RT as well as against mutant RTs containing the single amino acid substitutions L1001, K103N, V106A, Y1811 and Y188L that was much greater than other non-nucleoside inhibitors such as nevirapine. Maximum potency in enzymatic assays was achieved with a fluoropyrroloquinoxaline skeleton linked to the ethylpyridylthiourea moiety (FQXPT). In cell-based assays on different cell lines and on human monocyte-macrophages, 6-FQXPT exhibited EC50 values in the nanomolar range, with a promising selectivity index. Moreover, 6-FQXPT showed synergistic antiviral activity with zidovudine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facolta' di Farmacia, Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
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Campiani G, Morelli E, Fabbrini M, Nacci V, Greco G, Novellino E, Ramunno A, Maga G, Spadari S, Caliendo G, Bergamini A, Faggioli E, Uccella I, Bolacchi F, Marini S, Coletta M, Nacca A, Caccia S. Pyrrolobenzoxazepinone derivatives as non-nucleoside HIV-1 RT inhibitors: further structure-activity relationship studies and identification of more potent broad-spectrum HIV-1 RT inhibitors with antiviral activity. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4462-70. [PMID: 10543890 DOI: 10.1021/jm990150o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolobenzoxazepinone (PBO) derivatives represent a new class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTs) whose prototype is (+/-)-6-ethyl-6-phenylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzoxazepin-7(6H)- one (6). Docking studies based on the three-dimensional structure of RT prompted the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel derivatives and analogues of 6 featuring a meta-substituted phenyl or a 2-thienyl ring at C-6 and a pyridine system in place of the fused-benzene ring to yield pyrrolopyridooxazepinones (PPOs). Compared with the lead 6 and nevirapine, several of the synthesized compounds (PBOs 13a-d and PPOs 13i-k) displayed higher inhibitory activity against wild-type RT and clinically relevant mutant RTs containing the single amino acid substitutions L100I, K103N, V106A, Y181I, and Y188L. The most potent inhibitors were further evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity on lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophages, for cytotoxicity on a panel of cell lines, and for potential synergistic antiviral activity with AZT. Pharmacokinetic studies performed on 13b, 13c, and 13i showed that these compounds achieve high concentrations in the brain. The results of the biological and pharmacokinetic experiments suggest a potential clinical utility of analogues such as 13b-d, 13i, and 13j, in combination with nucleoside RT inhibitors, against strains of HIV-1 bearing those mutations that confer resistance to known NNRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facolta' di Farmacia, Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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