1
|
Inyang I, White HE, Timme K, Keating AF. Biological sex differences in hepatic response to in utero dimethylbenz(a)anthracene exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108553. [PMID: 38307155 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Fetal hepatic dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) biotransformation is not defined, thus, this study investigated whether the fetal liver metabolizes DMBA and differs with biological sex. KK.Cg-a/a (lean; n = 20) or KK.Cg-Ay/J (obese; n = 20) pregnant mice were exposed to corn oil (CT) or DMBA (1 mg/kg bw/day) by intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/treatment) from gestation day 7-14. Postnatal day 2 male or female offspring livers were collected. Total RNA (n = 6) and protein (n = 6) were analyzed via a PCR-based array or LC-MS/MS, respectively. The level of Mgst3 was lower (P < 0.05) in livers of female compared to male offspring. Furthermore, in utero DMBA exposure increased (P < 0.1) Cyp2c29 and Gpx3 levels (P < 0.05) in female offspring. In male offspring, the abundance of Ahr, Comt (P < 0.1), Alox5, and Asna1 (P < 0.05) decreased due to DMBA exposure. Female and male offspring had 34 and 21 hepatic proteins altered (P < 0.05) by in utero DMBA exposure, respectively. Opposing patterns for hepatic CD81 and KRT78 occurred, being decreased in females but increased in males, while YWHAG was decreased by DMBA exposure in both. Functional KEGG pathway analysis identified enrichment of 26 and 13 hepatic metabolic proteins in male and female offspring, respectively, due to in utero DMBA exposure. In silico transcription factor analysis of differentially expressed proteins predicted involvement of female NRF1 but male AHR. Thus, hepatic biological sex differences and capacity to respond to toxicants in utero are supported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunter E White
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Kelsey Timme
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lourenço AC, Nogueira HG, Rodrigues D, Gama A, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Silva MRG, Padez C. Observing the neighborhood multidimensionality and overweight in children of different developmental stages-the emergence of an unusual association. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:611-618. [PMID: 37940707 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines whether the association of the neighborhood environment and overweight in children is moderated by age. This was a cross-sectional study of 832 children aged 3 to 10 years living in the city of Oporto (Portugal). Children were recruited under the scope of the project "Inequalities in Childhood Obesity: The impact of the socioeconomic crisis in Portugal from 2009 to 2015." Overweight was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Parents completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing sociodemographic characteristics and their perceptions of their neighborhood environment. Logistic regressions were used to examine the influence of parental perceived neighborhood characteristics (latent variables: attractiveness, traffic safety, crime safety, and walkability) on overweight in children. A stratified analysis by age category was conducted. Overall, 27.8% of the children were overweight, 17.4% were aged 3 to 5 years, and 31.8% were aged 6 to 10 years. Children aged 3 to 5 years were more sensitive to the neighborhood environment than children aged 6 to 10 years. For children aged 3 to 5 years, the risk of overweight was inversely associated with neighborhood crime safety (OR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.07-3.15; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Our study suggests the existence of a sensitive age period in childhood at which exposure to a hostile neighborhood environment is most determining for weight gain. Until today, it was thought that the impact of the neighborhood environment on younger children would be less important as they are less autonomous. But it may not be true. What is Known: • The neighborhood environment may adversely affect children's weight status. However, the moderating role of child age in the association between neighborhood environment and overweight is uncertain. What is New: • The study highlights that the association between the neighborhood environment and child overweight is attenuated by age. It is stronger for preschoolers than for early school-age children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Lourenço
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Helena G Nogueira
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Raquel G Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences and FP - I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, Oporto, Portugal
- CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre Group of Sleep, Chronobiology and Sleep Disorders, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martins AC, Ferrer B, Tinkov AA, Caito S, Deza-Ponzio R, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Association between Heavy Metals, Metalloids and Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights and Approaches. TOXICS 2023; 11:670. [PMID: 37624175 PMCID: PMC10459190 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important public health issue that affects millions of people around the world and is growing to pandemic-like proportions. This syndrome is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the etiology of MetS is multifactorial, involving many environmental factors, including toxicant exposures. Several studies have associated MetS with heavy metals exposure, which is the focus of this review. Environmental and/or occupational exposure to heavy metals are a major risk, contributing to the development of chronic diseases. Of particular note, toxic metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium may contribute to the development of MetS by altering oxidative stress, IL-6 signaling, apoptosis, altered lipoprotein metabolism, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the known and potential roles of heavy metals in MetS etiology as well as potential targeted pathways that are associated with MetS. Furthermore, we describe how new approaches involving proteomic and transcriptome analysis, as well as bioinformatic tools, may help bring about an understanding of the involvement of heavy metals and metalloids in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; (A.A.T.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Samuel Caito
- School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; (A.A.T.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soleimani M, Barone S, Luo H, Zahedi K. Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Fructose and Salt. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4294. [PMID: 36901725 PMCID: PMC10002086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is manifested by visceral obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinism, and dyslipidemia. According to the CDC, metabolic syndrome in the US has increased drastically since the 1960s leading to chronic diseases and rising healthcare costs. Hypertension is a key component of metabolic syndrome and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality due to stroke, cardiovascular ailments, and kidney disease. The pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome, however, remains poorly understood. Metabolic syndrome results primarily from increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity. Epidemiologic studies show that an enhanced consumption of sugars, in the form of fructose and sucrose, correlates with the amplified prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Diets with a high fat content, in conjunction with elevated fructose and salt intake, accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome. This review article discusses the latest literature in the pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome, with a specific emphasis on the role of fructose and its stimulatory effect on salt absorption in the small intestine and kidney tubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sharon Barone
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Henry Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carrasco-Marín F, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Concha-Cisternas Y, Parra-Soto S, Zapata-Lamana R, Albornoz-Guerrero J, García-Pérez-de-Sevilla G, Parra-Rizo MA, Cigarroa I. Physical Fitness, Screen Time and Sleep Habits According to Obesity Levels in Schoolchildren: Findings from the Health Survey of the Extreme South of Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013690. [PMID: 36294266 PMCID: PMC9602903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a worry because it is associated with a greater burden of disease, and it has been shown to be related to the health habits and physical condition of children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To associate physical fitness, screen time, and sleep habits with the different categories of obesity in schoolchildren from the extreme south of Chile. METHODS 583 schoolchildren were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The screen time and sleep habits were measured with the Sleep Self-Report questionnaire, while the physical fitness was assessed with the Alpha Fitness test battery. The Body Mass Index/age (BMI/age) and the Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHr) were used to define adiposity using the following categories: healthy weight/low-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/LR), healthy weight/high-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/HR), overweight/low-risk waist to height ratio (O/LR), and overweight/high-risk waist to height ratio (O/HR). RESULTS A considerable number of schoolchildren (23.2%) presented sleep problems, while the mean screen time was 9.3 (95% CI: 8.4; 10.1) hours/day. Schoolchildren classified as H/HR showed better physical fitness than the O/HR group but worse physical fitness than the H/LR group. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences were evidenced in the physical fitness between the adiposity categories, which could open future lines of research concerning the characterization of the healthy weight-obese adiposity categories in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 407386, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 407386, Chile
| | - Yenny Concha-Cisternas
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- School Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maria Antonia Parra-Rizo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-56658927
| |
Collapse
|