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Romano A, Norino G, Dell’Aversana Orabona G, Barone S, Ordano D, Calvanese C, Troise S, Califano L, Iaconetta G. A Large Follicular Dentigerous Cyst: A New Multi-portal Access: Intraoral and Endoscopic Technique. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:189-192. [PMID: 38312981 PMCID: PMC10830927 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The standard treatment for a dentigerous cyst of maxilla is a surgical enucleation, the extraction of the tooth. In the case of cysts involving the maxillary sinus, a Caldwell-Luc approach is used. In case of large cysts, its marsupialization is carried out in order to reduce the bone defect, followed by enucleation and extraction of the tooth. Methods This is a case of a large follicular dentigerous cyst of upper jaw with 18 ectopic tooth within the maxillary sinus, treated in our Unit. Results We decided to perform a multi-portal access, the intraoral endoscopic-assisted technique; an intraoral approach has been performed, but less demolishing than the routine intraoral approach, through the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, already eroded by the lesion. The lesion was very large, occupying the entire maxillary cavity. For this reason, by means of the intraoral approach alone, it was extremely difficult to remove the lesion in its entirety. The endoscopic-assisted technique was combined with intraoral approach. The lesion extended to the maxillary ostium. This did not allow to reach the ostium through the classic endoscopic approach. Endonasal endoscopic access was used both to enucleate the cyst, that was adherent to the orbital floor and soft tissues of the OMC (osteomeatal complex), and to restore the physiological drainage of the maxillary sinus. Conclusions We decided to perform a combined intraoral and endoscopic approach to allow a complete excision of the cystic lesion, without being very demolishing and taking advantage of the bone erosion already caused by the large cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Romano
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Norino
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Dell’Aversana Orabona
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - S. Barone
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - D. Ordano
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - C. Calvanese
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - S. Troise
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - L. Califano
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Iaconetta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontoiatrics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Luo H, Zahedi K. Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Fructose and Salt. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4294. [PMID: 36901725 PMCID: PMC10002086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is manifested by visceral obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinism, and dyslipidemia. According to the CDC, metabolic syndrome in the US has increased drastically since the 1960s leading to chronic diseases and rising healthcare costs. Hypertension is a key component of metabolic syndrome and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality due to stroke, cardiovascular ailments, and kidney disease. The pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome, however, remains poorly understood. Metabolic syndrome results primarily from increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity. Epidemiologic studies show that an enhanced consumption of sugars, in the form of fructose and sucrose, correlates with the amplified prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Diets with a high fat content, in conjunction with elevated fructose and salt intake, accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome. This review article discusses the latest literature in the pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome, with a specific emphasis on the role of fructose and its stimulatory effect on salt absorption in the small intestine and kidney tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sharon Barone
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Henry Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Barone S, Brooks M, Zahedi K, Holliday LS, Bissler J, Yu JJ, Soleimani M. Identification of an Electrogenic 2Cl -/H + Exchanger, ClC5, as a Chloride-Secreting Transporter Candidate in Kidney Cyst Epithelium in Tuberous Sclerosis. Am J Pathol 2023; 193:191-200. [PMID: 36336066 PMCID: PMC9926528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kidney cyst expansion in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or polycystic kidney disease (PKD) requires active secretion of chloride (Cl-) into the cyst lumen. In PKD, Cl- secretion is primarily mediated via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in principal cells. Kidney cystogenesis in TSC is predominantly composed of type A intercalated cells, which do not exhibit noticeable expression of CFTR. The identity of the Cl--secreting molecule(s) in TSC cyst epithelia remains speculative. RNA-sequencing analysis results were used to examine the expression of FOXi1, the chief regulator of acid base transporters in intercalated cells, along with localization of Cl- channel 5 (ClC5), in various models of TSC. Results from Tsc2+/- mice showed that the expansion of kidney cysts corresponded to the induction of Foxi1 and correlated with the appearance of ClC5 and H+-ATPase on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia. In various mouse models of TSC, Foxi1 was robustly induced in the kidney, and ClC5 and H+-ATPase were expressed on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia. Expression of ClC5 was also detected on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia in humans with TSC but was absent in humans with autosomal dominant PKD or in a mouse model of PKD. These results indicate that ClC5 is expressed on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia and is a likely candidate mediating Cl- secretion into the kidney cyst lumen in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Barone
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - John Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jane J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Xu J, Barone S, Varasteh Kia M, Holliday LS, Zahedi K, Soleimani M. Identification of IQGAP1 as a SLC26A4 (Pendrin)-Binding Protein in the Kidney. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:874186. [PMID: 35601831 PMCID: PMC9117723 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.874186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several members of the SLC26A family of transporters, including SLC26A3 (DRA), SLC26A5 (prestin), SLC26A6 (PAT-1; CFEX) and SLC26A9, form multi-protein complexes with a number of molecules (e.g., cytoskeletal proteins, anchoring or adaptor proteins, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and protein kinases). These interactions provide regulatory signals for these molecules. However, the identity of proteins that interact with the Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger, SLC26A4 (pendrin), have yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to identify the protein(s) that interact with pendrin. Methods: A yeast two hybrid (Y2H) system was employed to screen a mouse kidney cDNA library using the C-terminal fragment of SLC26A4 as bait. Immunofluorescence microscopic examination of kidney sections, as well as co-immunoprecipitation assays, were performed using affinity purified antibodies and kidney protein extracts to confirm the co-localization and interaction of pendrin and the identified binding partners. Co-expression studies were carried out in cultured cells to examine the effect of binding partners on pendrin trafficking and activity. Results: The Y2H studies identified IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a protein that binds to SLC26A4's C-terminus. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments using affinity purified anti-IQGAP1 antibodies followed by western blot analysis of kidney protein eluates using pendrin-specific antibodies confirmed the interaction of pendrin and IQGAP1. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies demonstrated that IQGAP1 co-localizes with pendrin on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells, whereas it shows basolateral expression in A-intercalated cells in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Functional and confocal studies in HEK-293 cells, as well as confocal studies in MDCK cells, demonstrated that the co-transfection of pendrin and IQGAP1 shows strong co-localization of the two molecules on the plasma membrane along with enhanced Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger activity. Conclusion: IQGAP1 was identified as a protein that binds to the C-terminus of pendrin in B-intercalated cells. IQGAP1 co-localized with pendrin on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells. Co-expression of IQGAP1 with pendrin resulted in strong co-localization of the two molecules and increased the activity of pendrin in the plasma membrane in cultured cells. We propose that pendrin's interaction with IQGAP1 may play a critical role in the regulation of CCD function and physiology, and that disruption of this interaction could contribute to altered pendrin trafficking and/or activity in pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sharon Barone
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mujan Varasteh Kia
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - L. Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States,*Correspondence: Manoocher Soleimani,
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Di Martino F, Barone S, Del Sarto D, Di Francesco M, Galante F, Gasparini A, Grasso L, Linsalata S, Pacitti M, Paiar F, Ursino S, Vanreusel V, Felici G. FLASH in the Clinic Track (Oral Presentations) A NOVEL METHOD FOR DETERMINING IC SATURATION FACTOR (UP TO 0.5 GY/P FOR ADV. MARKUS). Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Felici G, Galante F, Barone S, Di Francesco M, Grasso L, Pacitti M, Patera V, Sarti A, Fischetti M, Trigilio A, Toppi M, Traini G, Palumbo L, Faillace L, Mostacci A, Migliorati M, Giuliano L, Schiavi A, Marafini M, De Simoni M, Battistoni G, Di Martino F, Franciosini G, Paiar F, Linsalata S. A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RADIATION PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR A FLASH IOERT LINAC. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Di Martino F, Barone S, Del Sarto D, Di Francesco M, Galante F, Gasparini A, Grasso L, Linsalata S, Pacitti M, Paiar F, Ursino S, Vanreusel V, Felici G. A NEW MODEL OF GAS CHAMBER FOR UHDR RANGE. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Franciosini G, Sarti A, Barone S, De Maria P, De Simoni M, Di Francesco M, Di Martino F, Felici G, Fischetti M, Galante F, Grasso L, Marafini M, Pacitti M, Patera V, Schiavi A, Toppi M, Traini G, Trigilio A. FLASH Mechanisms Track (Oral Presentations) A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF IORT-FLASH USING A GPU-BASED FAST MONTE CARLO. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Stefano A, Comelli A, Barone S, Savoca G, Richiusa S, Sabini M, Cosentino S, Ippolito M, Russo G. A PET-based radiomics model of brain metastasis. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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De Stefano S, Barone S, Di Francesco M, Felici G, Grasso L, Pacitti M, Landoni V, Soriani A, D’Andrea M. Backscattering in IOeRT breast carcinoma treatment. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Wittbrodt E, Kushner P, Barone S, Kumar S, Chen H, Jarbrink K, Abdul Sultan A, Garcia Sanchez J, Tangri N. Prevalence of and factors associated with undiagnosed stage 3 chronic kidney disease in patient with a history of heart failure: a report from REVEAL-CKD. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious debilitating condition affecting 10% of the world's population, yet it remains largely under recognised even among patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Approximately 5% of patients with CKD have a history of heart failure (HF), however factors associated with undiagnosed CKD in patients with multimorbidity remain unclear.
Purpose
REVEAL-CKD is a multinational initiative to assess undiagnosed CKD. This analysis aims to assess prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed stage 3 CKD in patients with heart failure.
Methods
From the US, we utilised TriNetX, a federated research network providing statistics on electronic health records. Adult patients, with two consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements ≥30 and <60 mL/min/1.732 at least 90 days apart were identified between 2015–2020. HF status was ascertained by ICD codes prior to the index date (date of the second eGFR measurement). Patients with no ICD code for CKD at any time before or up to 6 months after the index date were considered to have undiagnosed CKD.
Results
The study cohort included 31,263 patients with eGFR values indicating stage 3 CKD and pre-existing HF with mean age of 72 years (standard deviation: 11 years). The overall prevalence of undiagnosed CKD was 48.5% (n=15,159, 95% Confidence Interval: 47.9–49.0). Prevalence of undiagnosed CKD increased with age, was greater than 50% in female patients and was between 38% and 46% in patients with other pre-existing comorbidities (Table 1). Compared to patients with diagnosed CKD, the undiagnosed group had more females (41% versus 60%) and a had higher proportion of patients in the older age group (≥75 years: 43% versus 52%). Fewer undiagnosed CKD patients had pre-existing comorbidities than those with diagnosed CKD.
Conclusion
This study suggests that a large proportion of either older or female patients with baseline HF comorbidity have undiagnosed CKD. These results suggest that an opportunity exists for more proactive CKD diagnosis and monitoring of patients with comorbidities
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wittbrodt
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Medical, Gaithersburg, United States of America
| | - P Kushner
- University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, United States of America
| | - S Barone
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Medical, Gaithersburg, United States of America
| | - S Kumar
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Medical, Gaithersburg, United States of America
| | - H Chen
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Medical, Gaithersburg, United States of America
| | - K Jarbrink
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Medical, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Abdul Sultan
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Medical, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - N Tangri
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Dell'Aversana C, Cuomo F, Longobardi S, D'Hooghe T, Caprio F, Franci G, Santonastaso M, Colacurci N, Barone S, Pisaturo V, Valerio D, Altucci L. Age-related miRNome landscape of cumulus oophorus cells during controlled ovarian stimulation protocols in IVF cycles. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1310-1325. [PMID: 33454781 PMCID: PMC8058597 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the microRNA (miRNA) expression pattern of cumulus oophorus cells (COCs) in women undergoing medically assisted reproduction (MAR) procedures differentially modulated according to patient age and gonadotropin treatment strategy? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal age is an independent factor impacting miRNA expression in COCs while gonadotropin treatment may affect follicular miRNA expression and IVF efficacy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Epigenetic mechanisms in female infertility are complex and poorly studied. DNA methylation, histone modifications, miRNAs and nucleosome positioning influence cellular machinery through positive and negative feedback mechanisms either alone or interactively. miRNAs are important regulators during oogenesis, spermatogenesis and early embryogenesis, and are reported to play a role in regulating crosstalk between the oocyte and COCs. Although miRNome analysis has been performed in female human reproductive tissues (endometrium, myometrium, cervix and ovaries), epigenetic modifications in women with infertility have not been explored in detail. In addition, the impact of gonadotropin treatments during MAR on miRNA expression in COCs has not been fully investigated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was carried out in 53 COC samples obtained from mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes in 53 women undergoing MAR treatment. A total of 38 samples for assay development were pooled by maternal age and gonadotropin treatment into four predetermined subgroups: ≥36 years and recombinant human FSH (r-hFSH), n = 10; ≥36 years and r-hFSH+ recombinant human-luteinizing hormone (r-hLH), n = 10; ≤35 years and r-hFSH, n = 9; ≤35 years and r-hFSH+r-hLH, n = 9. miRNome profiles were determined and compared between subgroups. Expression of defined miRNAs was validated in the remaining fifteen samples, representative of each subgroup, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS COCs were processed for miRNA-enriched total RNA extraction and pooled in homogeneous subgroups to obtain a sufficient amount and quality of starting material to perform the analysis. Each pooled sample underwent miRNA profiling using PCR assay system to examine expression of 752 human miRNAs without pre-amplification. Data were analyzed using the delta-delta Ct method for relative quantitation and prediction of target genes (with at least four algorithms predicting the same miRNA-gene interaction pair (HIT)>4). The miRSystem database provided functional annotation enrichment (raw P-value <0.05) of co-expressed miRNAs. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found distinctive miRNA expression profiles in each subgroup correlating with age and MAR stimulation. In addition, a number of selective and co-expressed miRNAs were revealed by comparative analysis. A cluster of 37 miRNAs were commonly but differentially expressed in all four pools. Significant differences were observed in expression regulation of 37 miRNAs between age groups (≤35 or ≥36) in women receiving r-hFSH+r-hLH compared to those receiving r-hFSH alone. Higher concentrations and increased numbers of miRNAs were recorded in younger than in older patients, regardless of treatment. Functional and expression studies performed to retrieve common miRNome profiles revealed an enrichment of biological functions in oocyte growth and maturation, embryo development, steroidogenesis, ovarian hyperstimulation, apoptosis and cell survival, glucagon and lipid metabolism, and cell trafficking. The highest scored pathways of target genes of the 37 common miRNAs were associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, G alpha signaling, transcription regulation, tight junctions, RNA polymerase I and III, and mitochondrial transcription. We identified a potential age- and MAR stimulation-dependent signature in the miRNA landscape of COCs. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We cannot rule out the possibility that other unknown individual genetic or clinical factors may have interfered with the reported results. Since miRNA profiling was conducted with a predefined array of target probes, other miRNA molecules, potentially modulated by age and hormonal stimulation, may have been missed in this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS miRNA expression in COCs is modulated by gonadotropin treatment and correlates strongly with age. A better understanding of the expression patterns and functions of miRNAs may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to treat ovarian dysfunction and improve fertility in older women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This study was funded by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. All authors declared no competing interest, except SL and TD who are fully employed by Merck KGaA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dell'Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'Gaetano Salvatore' (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Cuomo
- EPI-C S.r.l., Naples 80138, Italy
| | | | | | - F Caprio
- Outpatient Fertility Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy
| | - G Franci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA 84081, Italy
| | - M Santonastaso
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy
| | - N Colacurci
- Outpatient Fertility Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy.,Department of Woman, Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy
| | - S Barone
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca 55049, Italy
| | - V Pisaturo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, International Evangelical Hospital, Genoa 16122, Italy
| | - D Valerio
- Merck Serono S.p.A, Rome 00176, Italy.,Institute of Genetic Research (IRG), Naples 80143, Italy
| | - L Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples 80138, Italy
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13
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Chiari M, Barone S, Bombini A, Calzolai G, Carraresi L, Castelli L, Czelusniak C, Fedi ME, Gelli N, Giambi F, Giardi F, Giuntini L, Lagomarsino S, Liccioli L, Lucarelli F, Manetti M, Massi M, Mazzinghi A, Nava S, Ottanelli P, Sciortino S, Ruberto C, Sodi L, Taccetti F, Mandò PA. LABEC, the INFN ion beam laboratory of nuclear techniques for environment and cultural heritage. Eur Phys J Plus 2021; 136:472. [PMID: 33968561 PMCID: PMC8086225 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The LABEC laboratory, the INFN ion beam laboratory of nuclear techniques for environment and cultural heritage, located in the Scientific and Technological Campus of the University of Florence in Sesto Fiorentino, started its operational activities in 2004, after INFN decided in 2001 to provide our applied nuclear physics group with a large laboratory dedicated to applications of accelerator-related analytical techniques, based on a new 3 MV Tandetron accelerator. The new accelerator greatly improved the performance of existing Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) applications (for which we were using since the 1980s an old single-ended Van de Graaff accelerator) and in addition allowed to start a novel activity of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), in particular for 14C dating. Switching between IBA and AMS operation became very easy and fast, which allowed us high flexibility in programming the activities, mainly focused on studies of cultural heritage and atmospheric aerosol composition, but including also applications to biology, geology, material science and forensics, ion implantation, tests of radiation damage to components, detector performance tests and low-energy nuclear physics. This paper describes the facilities presently available in the LABEC laboratory, their technical features and some success stories of recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chiari
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S. Barone
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A. Bombini
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G. Calzolai
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L. Carraresi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L. Castelli
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C. Czelusniak
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M. E. Fedi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - N. Gelli
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F. Giambi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F. Giardi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L. Giuntini
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S. Lagomarsino
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L. Liccioli
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F. Lucarelli
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M. Manetti
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M. Massi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A. Mazzinghi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S. Nava
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P. Ottanelli
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S. Sciortino
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C. Ruberto
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L. Sodi
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F. Taccetti
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P. A. Mandò
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Rapisarda L, Valentino P, Barone S, Torti C, La Gamba V, Fortunato F, Sammarra I, Gambardella A. Varicella zoster immunity loss in multiple sclerosis patient treated with ocrelizumab. Clin Immunol 2021; 223:108554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Giudice A, Bennardo F, Antonelli A, Barone S, Wagner F, Fortunato L, Traxler H. Influence of clinician's skill on primary implant stability with conventional and piezoelectric preparation techniques: an ex-vivo study. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:739-745. [PMID: 32475099 DOI: 10.23812/20-96-l-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Giudice
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Bennardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Antonelli
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - S Barone
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Wagner
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - L Fortunato
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - H Traxler
- Institute of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Zahedi K, Brooks M, Barone S, Rahmati N, Murray Stewart T, Dunworth M, Destefano-Shields C, Dasgupta N, Davidson S, Lindquist DM, Fuller CE, Smith RD, Cleveland JL, Casero RA, Soleimani M. Ablation of polyamine catabolic enzymes provokes Purkinje cell damage, neuroinflammation, and severe ataxia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:301. [PMID: 33054763 PMCID: PMC7559641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyamine catabolism plays a key role in maintaining intracellular polyamine pools, yet its physiological significance is largely unexplored. Here, we report that the disruption of polyamine catabolism leads to severe cerebellar damage and ataxia, demonstrating the fundamental role of polyamine catabolism in the maintenance of cerebellar function and integrity. METHODS Mice with simultaneous deletion of the two principal polyamine catabolic enzymes, spermine oxidase and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (Smox/Sat1-dKO), were generated by the crossbreeding of Smox-KO (Smox-/-) and Sat1-KO (Sat1-/-) animals. Development and progression of tissue injury was monitored using imaging, behavioral, and molecular analyses. RESULTS Smox/Sat1-dKO mice are normal at birth, but develop progressive cerebellar damage and ataxia. The cerebellar injury in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice is associated with Purkinje cell loss and gliosis, leading to neuroinflammation and white matter demyelination during the latter stages of the injury. The onset of tissue damage in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice is not solely dependent on changes in polyamine levels as cerebellar injury was highly selective. RNA-seq analysis and confirmatory studies revealed clear decreases in the expression of Purkinje cell-associated proteins and significant increases in the expression of transglutaminases and markers of neurodegenerative microgliosis and astrocytosis. Further, the α-Synuclein expression, aggregation, and polyamination levels were significantly increased in the cerebellum of Smox/Sat1-dKO mice. Finally, there were clear roles of transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) in the cerebellar pathologies manifest in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice, as pharmacological inhibition of transglutaminases reduced the severity of ataxia and cerebellar injury in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the disruption of polyamine catabolism, via coordinated alterations in tissue polyamine levels, elevated transglutaminase activity and increased expression, polyamination, and aggregation of α-Synuclein, leads to severe cerebellar damage and ataxia. These studies indicate that polyamine catabolism is necessary to Purkinje cell survival, and for sustaining the functional integrity of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, Bldg. 289, IDTC 3315, Albuquerque, NM, 87113, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Sharon Barone
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christina Destefano-Shields
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nupur Dasgupta
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Diana M Lindquist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Christine E Fuller
- Upstate Medical University Department of Pathology, Syracuse, NY, 13219, USA
| | - Roger D Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, Bldg. 289, IDTC 3315, Albuquerque, NM, 87113, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to an abrupt decrease in kidney function. It affects approximately 7% of all hospitalized patients and almost 35% of intensive care patients. Mortality from acute kidney injury remains high, particularly in critically ill patients, where it can be more than 50%. The primary causes of AKI include ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), sepsis, or nephrotoxicity; however, AKI patients may present with a complicated etiology where many of the aforementioned conditions co-exist. Multiple bio-markers associated with renal damage, as well as metabolic and signal transduction pathways that are involved in the mediation of renal dysfunction have been identified as a result of the examination of models, patient samples, and clinical data of AKI of disparate etiologies. These discoveries have enhanced our ability to diagnose AKIs and to begin to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis. Studies in our laboratory revealed that the expression and activity of spermine/spermidine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine back conversion, were enhanced in kidneys of rats after I/R injury. Additional studies revealed that the expression of spermine oxidase (SMOX), another critical enzyme in polyamine catabolism, is also elevated in the kidney and other organs subjected to I/R, septic, toxic, and traumatic injuries. The maladaptive role of polyamine catabolism in the mediation of AKI and other injuries has been clearly demonstrated. This review will examine the biochemical and mechanistic basis of tissue damage brought about by enhanced polyamine degradation and discuss the potential of therapeutic interventions that target polyamine catabolic enzymes or their byproducts for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Giudice A, Belhous K, Barone S, Soupre V, Morice A, Vazquez MP, Boddeart N, Abadie V, Picard A. The use of three-dimensional reconstructions of CT scans to evaluate anomalies of hyoid bone in Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 121:357-362. [PMID: 31499229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate hyoid bone anomalies in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) compared to the control group, using computed tomography (CT) examination and three-dimensional reconstruction of the hyoid bone and mandible. METHODS A retrospective study was performed of patients between birth and 12 months old with isolated PRS (i-PRS) and syndromic PRS (ni-PRS), who had undergone CT examination, and whose results were compared to the control group of the same age. DICOM data was processed to highlight bone tissue. The mandible and hyoid bones were the main targets of the three-dimensional reconstruction. The study outcomes were the analysis of hyoid bone ossification, volume, and position (distance between hyoid and mandibular symphysis). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed with α=0.05 as level of significance. RESULTS The study sample included 29 i-PRS and 21 ni-PRS patients, while 43 infants in the control group. Hyoid ossification was present in 26/50 (52%) PRS patients (14 i-PRS; 12 ni-PRS) but in 31/43 controls (72%). Statistical analysis showed that absence of hyoid ossification was significantly associated with the diagnosis of PRS (P<0.05). Only ni-PRS patients showed a significant reduction of the distance between hyoid and mandible compared to the control group (P<0.001). Hyoid volume was significantly lower only in the ni-PRS group than in controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSION I-PRS and ni-PRS patients differ both etiologically and clinically. Ni-PRS patients confirmed their worst clinical condition than i-PRS with severe anomalies of hyoid development, helping for their ontogeny classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giudice
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy; Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - K Belhous
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Barone
- Department of Dentistry, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - V Soupre
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Morice
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - M-P Vazquez
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - N Boddeart
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - V Abadie
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Picard
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
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Soleimani M, Kia MV, Barone S, Brooks M, Zahedi K. Carbonic Anhydrase II Deletion Confers Salt Appetite and Elicits Adaptive Regulation of Salt and Water Transporters in the Kidney. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.533.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoocher Soleimani
- Research ServicesVeterans AdministrationCincinnatiOH
- University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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Lorenzini E, Bonini R, Barone S, Bertolaccini P, Tofani A. 312. Acceptance protocol for a dedicated cardiac gamma camera. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Xu J, Barone S, Zahedi K, Brooks M, Soleimani M. Slc4a8 in the Kidney: Expression, Subcellular Localization and Role in Salt Reabsorption. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 50:1361-1375. [PMID: 30355950 DOI: 10.1159/000494596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The sodium-dependent bicarbonate transporter Slc4a8 (a.k.a NDCBE) mediates the co-transport of sodium and bicarbonate in exchange for chloride. It is abundantly detected in the brain, with low expression levels in the kidney. The cell distribution and subcellular localization of Slc4a8 in the kidney and its role in acid/base and electrolyte homeostasis has been the subject of conflicting reports. There are no conclusive localization or functional studies to pinpoint the location and demonstrate the function of Slc4a8 in the kidney. METHODS Molecular techniques, including RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, were performed on kidney sections and tagged epitopes were used to examine the membrane targeting of Slc4a8 in polarized kidney cells. Crispr/Cas9 was used to generate and examine Slc4a8 KO mice. RESULTS Zonal distribution and in situ hybridization studies showed very little expression for Slc4a8 (NDCBE) in the cortex or in cortical collecting ducts (CCD). Slc4a8 was predominantly detected in the outer and inner medullary collecting ducts (OMCD and IMCD), and was targeted to the basolateral membrane of osmotically tolerant MDCK cells. Slc4a8 KO mice did not show any abnormal salt or bicarbonate wasting under baseline conditions or in response to bicarbonate loading, salt restriction or furosemide-induced diuresis. CONCLUSION Slc4a8 (NDCBE) is absent in the CCD and is predominantly localized on the basolateral membrane of medullary collecting duct cells. Further, Slc4a8 deletion does not cause significant acid base or electrolyte abnormalities in pathophysiologic states. Additional studies are needed to examine the role of Slc4a8 (NDCBE) in intracellular pH and volume regulation in medullary collecting duct cells.
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Cangul H, Liao XH, Schoenmakers E, Kero J, Barone S, Srichomkwun P, Iwayama H, Serra EG, Saglam H, Eren E, Tarim O, Nicholas AK, Zvetkova I, Anderson CA, Frankl FEK, Boelaert K, Ojaniemi M, Jääskeläinen J, Patyra K, Löf C, Williams ED, Soleimani M, Barrett T, Maher ER, Chatterjee VK, Refetoff S, Schoenmakers N. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC26A7 cause goitrous congenital hypothyroidism. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99631. [PMID: 30333321 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in genes mediating thyroid hormone biosynthesis result in dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Here, we report homozygous truncating mutations in SLC26A7 in 6 unrelated families with goitrous CH and show that goitrous hypothyroidism also occurs in Slc26a7-null mice. In both species, the gene is expressed predominantly in the thyroid gland, and loss of function is associated with impaired availability of iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis, partially corrected in mice by iodine supplementation. SLC26A7 is a member of the same transporter family as SLC26A4 (pendrin), an anion exchanger with affinity for iodide and chloride (among others), whose gene mutations cause congenital deafness and dyshormonogenic goiter. However, in contrast to pendrin, SLC26A7 does not mediate cellular iodide efflux and hearing in affected individuals is normal. We delineate a hitherto unrecognized role for SLC26A7 in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, for which the mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cangul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Jukka Kero
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sharon Barone
- University of Cincinnati and Veterans Administration Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Hideyuki Iwayama
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva G Serra
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Halil Saglam
- Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Erdal Eren
- Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Omer Tarim
- Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Adeline K Nicholas
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona E Karet Frankl
- Department of Medical Genetics and Division of Renal Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- PEDEGO Research Center and MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University, Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Konrad Patyra
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Löf
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E Dillwyn Williams
- Thyroid Carcinogenesis Group, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Manoocher Soleimani
- University of Cincinnati and Veterans Administration Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham and Department of Endocrinology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Krishna Chatterjee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK)
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Barone S, Xu J, Zahedi K, Brooks M, Soleimani M. Probenecid Pre-treatment Downregulates the Kidney Cl -/HCO 3- Exchanger (Pendrin) and Potentiates Hydrochlorothiazide-Induced Diuresis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:849. [PMID: 30050451 PMCID: PMC6050369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that in addition to exerting a positive ionotropic effect in the heart, blocks the ATP transporter Pannexin 1 and inhibits the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, pendrin. In the kidney, pendrin blunts the loss of salt wasting secondary to the inhibition of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- co-transporter (NCC/SLC12A3). Hypothesis: Pre-treatment with probenecid down-regulates pendrin; therefore, leaving NCC as the main salt absorbing transporter in the distal nephron, and hence enhances the hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-induced diuresis. Methods: Daily balance studies, blood and urine chemical analysis, immunofluorescence, as well as western and northern blot analyses were utilized to examine the effects of probenecid alone (at 250 mg/kg/day) or in combination with HCTZ (at 40 mg/kg/day) on kidney function and on salt and water transporters in the collecting duct. Results: Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to three different protocols: (1) HCTZ for 4 days, (2) probenecid for 10 days, and (3) primed with probenecid for 6 days followed by probenecid and HCTZ for 4 additional days. Treatment protocol 1 (HCTZ for 4 days) only mildly increased the urine volume (U Vol) from a baseline of 9.8-13.4 ml/day. In response to treatment protocol 2 (probenecid for 10 days), U Vol increased to 15.9 ml/24 h. Treatment protocol 3 (probenecid for 6 days followed by probenecid and HCTZ for 4 additional days) increased the U Vol to 42.9 ml/day on day 4 of co-treatment with HCTZ and probenecid (compared to probenecid p = 0.003, n = 5 or HCTZ alone p = 0.001, n = 5). Probenecid treatment at 250 mg/kg/day downregulated the expression of pendrin and led to a decrease in AQP2 expression. Enhanced diuresis by probenecid plus HCTZ was not associated with volume depletion. Conclusion: Probenecid pre-treatment downregulates pendrin and robustly enhances diuresis by HCTZ-mediated NCC inhibition in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Barone
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Research Services, VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Xu J, Barone S, Zahedi K, Brooks M, Soleimani M. Slc4a8 in the Kidney: Expression, Subcellular Localization and Role in Acid Base Homeostasis and Salt Reabsorption. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.750.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | | | | | | | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research ServicesVeterans Administration HospitalCincinnatiOH
- University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
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Varasteh Kia M, Barone S, McDonough AA, Zahedi K, Xu J, Soleimani M. Downregulation of the Cl-/HCO3-Exchanger Pendrin in Kidneys of Mice with Cystic Fibrosis: Role in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Alkalosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 45:1551-1565. [PMID: 29482189 DOI: 10.1159/000487691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to the development of metabolic alkalosis; however, the pathogenesis of this life threatening derangement remains unknown. We hypothesized that altered acid base transport machinery in the kidney collecting duct underlies the mechanism of impaired bicarbonate elimination in the CF kidney. METHODS Balance studies in metabolic cages were performed in WT and CFTR knockout (CF) mice with the intestinal rescue in response to bicarbonate loading or salt restriction, and the expression levels and cellular distribution of acid base and electrolyte transporters in the proximal tubule, collecting duct and small intestine were examined by western blots, northern blots and/or immunofluorescence labeling. RESULTS Baseline parameters, including acid-base and systemic vascular volume status were comparable in WT and CF mice, as determined by blood gas, kidney renin expression and urine chloride excretion. Compared with WT animals, CF mice demonstrated a significantly higher serum HCO3- concentration (22.63 in WT vs. 26.83 mEq/l in CF mice; n=4, p=0.013) and serum pH (7.33 in WT vs. 7.42 in CF mice; n=4, p=0.00792) and exhibited impaired kidney HCO3- excretion (urine pH 8.10 in WT vs. 7.35 in CF mice; n=7, p=0.00990) following a 3-day oral bicarbonate load. When subjected to salt restriction, CF mice developed a significantly higher serum HCO3- concentration vs. WT animals (29.26 mEq/L in CF mice vs. 26.72 in WT; n=5, p=0.0291). Immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated a profound reduction in the apical expression of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin in cortical collecting duct cells and western and northern blots indicated diminished plasma membrane abundance and mRNA expression of pendrin in CF kidneys. CONCLUSIONS We propose that patients with cystic fibrosis are prone to the development of metabolic alkalosis secondary to the inactivation of the bicarbonate secreting transporter pendrin, specifically during volume depletion, which is a common occurrence in CF patients.
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Zahedi K, Barone S, Destefano-Shields C, Brooks M, Murray-Stewart T, Dunworth M, Li W, Doherty JR, Hall MA, Smith RD, Cleveland JL, Casero RA, Soleimani M. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response by enhanced polyamine catabolism is important in the mediation of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184570. [PMID: 28886181 PMCID: PMC5590979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity limits its use in many cancer patients. The expression of enzymes involved in polyamine catabolism, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and spermine oxidase (SMOX) increase in the kidneys of mice treated with cisplatin. We hypothesized that enhanced polyamine catabolism contributes to tissue damage in cisplatin acute kidney injury (AKI). Using gene knockout and chemical inhibitors, the role of polyamine catabolism in cisplatin AKI was examined. Deficiency of SSAT, SMOX or neutralization of the toxic products of polyamine degradation, H2O2 and aminopropanal, significantly diminished the severity of cisplatin AKI. In vitro studies demonstrated that the induction of SSAT and elevated polyamine catabolism in cells increases the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and enhances the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein BiP/GRP78) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP/GADD153). The increased expression of these endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) markers was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that enhanced polyamine degradation in cisplatin AKI may lead to tubular damage through the induction of ERSR and the consequent onset of apoptosis. In support of the above, we show that the ablation of the SSAT or SMOX gene, as well as the neutralization of polyamine catabolism products modulate the onset of ERSR (e.g. lower BiP and CHOP) and apoptosis (e.g. reduced activated caspase-3). These studies indicate that enhanced polyamine catabolism and its toxic products are important mediators of ERSR and critical to the pathogenesis of cisplatin AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Christina Destefano-Shields
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
| | - Joanne R. Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Hall
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
| | - Roger D. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Zahedi K, Xu J. Abstract 106: Probenecid Downregulates Kidney Pendrin and AQP-2 and Potentiates Hydrochlorothiazide-induced Diuresis. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Concurrent inactivation of the kidney Na-Cl co-transporter NCC and the Cl
-
/HCO
3
-
exchanger pendrin leads to significant salt wasting, whereas single deletion of NCC does not cause any significant salt wasting, indicating that pendrin mitigates the salt excretion caused by NCC inactivation. Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that, in addition, exhibits positive ionotropic effect in the heart, downregulates/inactivates pendrin (in mammary gland cells) and blocks the ATP transporter Pannexin 1 in the proximal tubule and colleting duct.
Hypothesis:
Pretreatment with probenecid downregulates pendrin; therefore, leaving NCC as the main salt absorbing transporter in the distal nephron, and hence enhancing the hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) diuresis.
Results:
Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with probenecid intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 250 or 100 mg/kg for 6 days and then received HCTZ while being maintained on probenecid for 4 more days. Urine output increased from 9.8 at baseline to 15.9 ml/24 hrs after 10 days of Probenecid at 250 mg/kg (p<0.02, n=5). Treatment with HCTZ alone for 4 days caused a mild diuresis, with urine output increasing to 13.8 ml/24 hrs (p>0.05, vs. baseline, n=5) However, rats pretreated with Probenecid for 6 days exhibited a profound diuresis when HCTZ was added for 4 additional days, with urine output increasing to 42.9 ml/day, a more than 300% increase vs. rats treated with either Probenecid or HCTZ (p<0.003 vs. both groups, n = 5). In the absence of pretreatment with Probenecid, the diuresis caused by concurrent Probencid plus HCTZ treatment was similar to HCTZ alone (p>0.05). Immunofluorescent, Northern and/or Western hybridization studies demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of pendrin and AQP2 in the kidney cortical collecting duct/cortex of probenecid treated rats. At 100 mg/kg, Probenecid alone had no significant effect on urine output but caused a robust diuresis when HCTZ was added, with the urine output increasing from 9.93 baseline to 24.23 (p<0.001, n=7).
Conclusion:
Probenecid pretreatment downregulates pendrin and AQP2 and robustly enhances diuresis by HCTZ-mediated NCC inhibition in the distal nephron.
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Barone S, Paoli A, Razionale AV, Savignano R. Computational design and engineering of polymeric orthodontic aligners. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2017; 33:e2839. [PMID: 27704706 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and removable aligners represent an effective solution to correct various orthodontic malocclusions through minimally invasive procedures. An aligner-based treatment requires patients to sequentially wear dentition-mating shells obtained by thermoforming polymeric disks on reference dental models. An aligner is shaped introducing a geometrical mismatch with respect to the actual tooth positions to induce a loading system, which moves the target teeth toward the correct positions. The common practice is based on selecting the aligner features (material, thickness, and auxiliary elements) by only considering clinician's subjective assessments. In this article, a computational design and engineering methodology has been developed to reconstruct anatomical tissues, to model parametric aligner shapes, to simulate orthodontic movements, and to enhance the aligner design. The proposed approach integrates computer-aided technologies, from tomographic imaging to optical scanning, from parametric modeling to finite element analyses, within a 3-dimensional digital framework. The anatomical modeling provides anatomies, including teeth (roots and crowns), jaw bones, and periodontal ligaments, which are the references for the down streaming parametric aligner shaping. The biomechanical interactions between anatomical models and aligner geometries are virtually reproduced using a finite element analysis software. The methodology allows numerical simulations of patient-specific conditions and the comparative analyses of different aligner configurations. In this article, the digital framework has been used to study the influence of various auxiliary elements on the loading system delivered to a maxillary and a mandibular central incisor during an orthodontic tipping movement. Numerical simulations have shown a high dependency of the orthodontic tooth movement on the auxiliary element configuration, which should then be accurately selected to maximize the aligner's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paoli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A V Razionale
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Savignano
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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30
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Zahedi K, Xu J. Abstract 325: Probenecid Downregulates Kidney Pendrin and AQP-2 and Potentiates Hydrochlorothiazide Diuresis. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Concurrent inactivation of the kidney Na-Cl co-transporter NCC and the Cl
-
/HCO
3
-
exchanger pendrin leads to significant salt wasting, whereas single deletion of NCC does not cause any significant salt wasting, indicating that pendrin mitigates the salt excretion caused by NCC inactivation. Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that, in addition, exhibits positive ionotropic effect in the heart and inhibits pendrin in the kidney.
Hypothesis:
Pretreatment with probenecid will inactivate/downregulate pendrin; therefore, leaving NCC as the main salt absorbing transporter in the distal nephron, and hence enhancing the hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) diuresis.
Results:
Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with probenecid intraperitoneally (IP) at 250 or 100 mg/kg for 6 days and then received HCTZ while being maintained on probenecid for 4 more days. Urine output increased from 9.8 at baseline to 15.9 ml/24 hrs after 10 days of Probenecid at 250 mg/kg (p<0.01, n=5). Treatment with HCTZ alone for 4 days caused a mild diuresis, with urine output increasing to 13.8 ml/24 hrs (p>0.05, vs. baseline, n=5). However, rats pretreated with Probenecid for 6 days exhibited a profound diuresis when HCTZ was added for 4 additional days, with urine output increasing to 42.9 ml/day, a more than 300% increase vs. rats treated with either Probenecid or HCTZ (p<0.003 vs. both groups, n = 5). In the absence of pretreatment with Probenecid, the diuresis caused by concurrent Probencid plus HCTZ treatment was not different vs. HCTZ alone (p>0.05). Immunofluorescent, Northern and/or Western hybridization studies demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of pendrin and AQP2 in kidneys of probenecid treated rats. At 100 mg/kg, Probenecid alone had no significant effect on urine output but caused a robust diuresis when HCTZ was added, with the urine output increasing from 9.93 baseline to 24.23 (p<0.001, n=7).
Conclusion:
Probenecid pretreatment downregulates pendrin and AQP2 and robustly enhances diuresis by HCTZ-mediated NCC inhibition in the kidney distal nephron. We propose that the combination of Probenecid and a thiazide derivative offers a powerful diuretic regimen for the treatment of fluid overloaded states such as CHF.
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31
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Alshahrani S, Rapoport RM, Zahedi K, Jiang M, Nieman M, Barone S, Meredith AL, Lorenz JN, Rubinstein J, Soleimani M. The non-diuretic hypotensive effects of thiazides are enhanced during volume depletion states. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181376. [PMID: 28719636 PMCID: PMC5515454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazide derivatives including Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) represent the most common treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Thiazides initially enhance diuresis via inhibition of the kidney Na+-Cl- Cotransporter (NCC). However, chronic volume depletion and diuresis are minimal while lowered blood pressure (BP) is maintained on thiazides. Thus, a vasodilator action of thiazides is proposed, likely via Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in vascular smooth muscles. This study ascertains the role of volume depletion induced by salt restriction or salt wasting in NCC KO mice on the non-diuretic hypotensive action of HCTZ. HCTZ (20mg/kg s.c.) lowered BP in 1) NCC KO on a salt restricted diet but not with normal diet; 2) in volume depleted but not in volume resuscitated pendrin/NCC dKO mice; the BP reduction occurs without any enhancement in salt excretion or reduction in cardiac output. HCTZ still lowered BP following treatment of NCC KO on salt restricted diet with paxilline (8 mg/kg, i.p.), a BK channel blocker, and in BK KO and BK/NCC dKO mice on salt restricted diet. In aortic rings from NCC KO mice on normal and low salt diet, HCTZ did not alter and minimally decreased maximal phenylephrine contraction, respectively, while contractile sensitivity remained unchanged. These results demonstrate 1) the non-diuretic hypotensive effects of thiazides are augmented with volume depletion and 2) that the BP reduction is likely the result of HCTZ inhibition of vasoconstriction through a pathway dependent on factors present in vivo, is unrelated to BK channel activation, and involves processes associated with intravascular volume depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Rapoport
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Min Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michelle Nieman
- Department of Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sharon Barone
- Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Meredith
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John N. Lorenz
- Department of Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alshahrani S, Zahedi K, Jiang M, Nieman M, Barone S, Lorenz J, Rubinstein J, Soleimani M. Abstract 119: Anti-hypertensive Effect of Thiazides Shifts From Salt Excretion to Vasorelaxation During Salt Restriction or Volume Depletion. Hypertension 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiazide derivatives, including hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), are specific inhibitors of the Na+-Cl- Co-transporter (NCC) in the kidney distal tubules, and the most commonly used diuretic for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Both renal (natriuretis) and extra renal (vasorelaxation) mechanisms have been proposed as major mediators of blood pressure reduction by HCTZ but the circumstances under which the renal or extra renal mechanism predominates remain unknown . To address these issues, systemic blood pressure was monitored by intra-arterial catheter and computerized tail cuff in transgenic mice lacking NCC under varying conditions. For comparison, mice with pendrin ablation or double deletion of pendrin and NCC were used to ascertain the compensatory role of pendrin in salt reabsorption in response to HCTZ. Pendrin KO mice were the only group which showed enhanced salt excretion in response to HCTZ, with salt excretion increasing by ~30% in pendrin KO vs. WT mice (p<0.05). In mice lacking NCC, HCTZ significantly reduced the systemic blood pressure only during salt restriction and without enhancing salt excretion. In volume depleted but not in volume resuscitated NCC/pendrin dKO mice, HCTZ caused dramatic reduction in systemic blood pressure, with systolic blood pressure decreasing from 72.13± 5.1 at baseline to 51.06 ± 6.6 mm Hg in dKO mice within 20 minutes of HCTZ administration (p<0.01 vs. baseline) with no significant effect in WT mice (p>0.5 vs. baseline) or in salt resuscitated NCC/pendrin dKO mice. There was no enhancement in salt excretion and no reduction in echocardiography-monitored cardiac output in pendrin/NCC dKO mice in response to HCTZ. The antihypertensive effects of HCTZ were abrogated in the presence of paxilline, a specific blocker of BK channel, which is upregulated in arterial vasculature of volume depleted mutant mice. We propose that thiazides reduce blood pressure predominantly via vasorelaxation during salt restriction/volume depletion; whereas, they enhance salt excretion during salt replete state and specifically in conditions associated with pendrin downregulation/inactivation.
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Xu J, Alshahrani S, Brooks M, McCormack FX, Smith RD, Zahedi K. Prostaglandin-E2 Mediated Increase in Calcium and Phosphate Excretion in a Mouse Model of Distal Nephron Salt Wasting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159804. [PMID: 27442254 PMCID: PMC4956050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Contribution of salt wasting and volume depletion to the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia is poorly understood. Pendrin/NCC double KO (pendrin/NCC-dKO) mice display severe salt wasting under basal conditions and develop profound volume depletion, prerenal renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis and are growth retarded. Microscopic examination of the kidneys of pendrin/NCC-dKO mice revealed the presence of calcium phosphate deposits in the medullary collecting ducts, along with increased urinary calcium and phosphate excretion. Confirmatory studies revealed decreases in the expression levels of sodium phosphate transporter-2 isoforms a and c, increases in the expression of cytochrome p450 family 4a isotypes 12 a and b, as well as prostaglandin E synthase 1, and cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Pendrin/NCC-dKO animals also had a significant increase in urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) and renal content of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) levels. Pendrin/NCC-dKO animals exhibit reduced expression levels of the sodium/potassium/2chloride co-transporter 2 (NKCC2) in their medullary thick ascending limb. Further assessment of the renal expression of NKCC2 isoforms by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) reveled that compared to WT mice, the expression of NKCC2 isotype F was significantly reduced in pendrin/NCC-dKO mice. Provision of a high salt diet to rectify volume depletion or inhibition of PGE-2 synthesis by indomethacin, but not inhibition of 20-HETE generation by HET0016, significantly improved hypercalciuria and salt wasting in pendrin/NCC dKO mice. Both high salt diet and indomethacin treatment also corrected the alterations in NKCC2 isotype expression in pendrin/NCC-dKO mice. We propose that severe salt wasting and volume depletion, irrespective of the primary originating nephron segment, can secondarily impair the reabsorption of salt and calcium in the thick ascending limb of Henle and/or proximal tubule, and reabsorption of sodium and phosphate in the proximal tubule via processes that are mediated by PGE-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoocher Soleimani
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sharon Barone
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jie Xu
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics and, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Francis X. McCormack
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Roger D. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Center on Genetics of Transport, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Barone S, Paoli A, Razionale AV. CT segmentation of dental shapes by anatomy-driven reformation imaging and B-spline modelling. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2016; 32:e02747. [PMID: 26418417 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dedicated imaging methods are among the most important tools of modern computer-aided medical applications. In the last few years, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained popularity in digital dentistry for 3D imaging of jawbones and teeth. However, the anatomy of a maxillofacial region complicates the assessment of tooth geometry and anatomical location when using standard orthogonal views of the CT data set. In particular, a tooth is defined by a sub-region, which cannot be easily separated from surrounding tissues by only considering pixel grey-intensity values. For this reason, an image enhancement is usually necessary in order to properly segment tooth geometries. In this paper, an anatomy-driven methodology to reconstruct individual 3D tooth anatomies by processing CBCT data is presented. The main concept is to generate a small set of multi-planar reformation images along significant views for each target tooth, driven by the individual anatomical geometry of a specific patient. The reformation images greatly enhance the clearness of the target tooth contours. A set of meaningful 2D tooth contours is extracted and used to automatically model the overall 3D tooth shape through a B-spline representation. The effectiveness of the methodology has been verified by comparing some anatomy-driven reconstructions of anterior and premolar teeth with those obtained by using standard tooth segmentation tools. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - A Paoli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - A V Razionale
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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Alshahrani S, Rubinstein J, Jiang M, Barone S, Xu J, Zahedi K, Soleimani M. Abstract 115: Hydrochlorothiazide Lowers Systemic Blood Pressure Predominantly Through Vasodilation in Conditions Associated with Vasoconstriction. Hypertension 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiazide derivatives are specific inhibitors of the Na+_Cl- Co-transporter (NCC) in the kidney distal tubules, and the most commonly used diuretic for the treatment of mild hypertension. The mechanism by which thiazides reduce the blood pressure (i.e. renal vs. extra renal) is not well understood. The blood pressure response to thiazides requires an initial volume loss (averaging about 1.5 kg) since it is not observed in individuals who are ingesting a high-salt diet. The objective of this study was to elucidate the renal and extra renal effects of thiazides. Using NCC deficient mice, we demonstrate that hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a commonly used thiazide derivative, reduces blood pressure in the presence of volume-depletion and augmentation of circulating angiotensin levels but not in mice with normal vascular volume (NCC KO at baseline = 131.6 ± 4.4 vs. NCC KO with HCTZ = 125.8 ± 3.7 mm Hg) vs. (volume depleted NCC KO at baseline = 118.2 ± 4.1 vs. volume depleted NCC KO with HCTZ= 96.37± 4.5 mm Hg; p <0.05). The reduction in blood pressure by HCTZ occurs in the absence of increased salt excretion or urine output, indicating its extra-renal mechanism. Echocardiography demonstrated no significant changes in cardiac index in response to the drop in blood pressure by HCTZ (WT at baseline = 0.639 ± 0.05 vs. WT with HCTZ = 0.590 ± 0.01 ml/min/g) vs. (volume depleted NCC KO at baseline = 0.617± 0.07 vs. volume depleted NCC KO with HCTZ = 0.509 ± 0.04 ml/min/g). The antihypertensive effects of HCTZ were abrogated in the presence of paxilline, a specific blocker of large conductance calcium activated potassium channels (BK channels) in the vascular smooth muscle cell. Western blotting demonstrated enhanced expression of BK channels in vascular system of volume depleted NCC deficient mice vs. WT mice. Our results indicate that systemic vasoconstriction, as observed in volume depleted states, will amplify the extra-renal effects of HCTZ to lower blood pressure through vasodilation irrespective of the status of its renal target NCC.
Patients with congestive heart failure who are on a combination of a loop diuretic and HCTZ are at increased risk of significant hypotension subsequent to the activation of extra-renal effects of HCTZ, specifically when they become volume depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jie Xu
- Univ of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Xu J, Zahedi K. FO011SALT WASTING AND KIDNEY STONE FORMATION: A NEW PARADIGM. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv137.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zahedi K, Barone S, Wang Y, Murray-Stewart T, Roy-Chaudhury P, Smith RD, Casero RA, Soleimani M. Proximal tubule epithelial cell specific ablation of the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene reduces the severity of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110161. [PMID: 25390069 PMCID: PMC4229091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression and activity of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) increases in kidneys subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, while its ablation reduces the severity of such injuries. These results suggest that increased SSAT levels contribute to organ injury; however, the role of SSAT specifically expressed in proximal tubule epithelial cells, which are the primary targets of I/R injury, in the mediation of renal damage remains unresolved. METHODS Severity of I/R injury in wt and renal proximal tubule specific SSAT-ko mice (PT-SSAT-Cko) subjected to bilateral renal I/R injury was assessed using cellular and molecular biological approaches. RESULTS Severity of the loss of kidney function and tubular damage are reduced in PT-SSAT-Cko- compared to wt-mice after I/R injury. In addition, animals treated with MDL72527, an inhibitor of polyamine oxidases, had less severe renal damage than their vehicle treated counter-parts. The renal expression of HMGB 1 and Toll like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 were also reduced in PT-SSAT-Cko- compared to wt mice after I/R injury. Furthermore, infiltration of neutrophils, as well as expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) transcripts were lower in the kidneys of PT-SSAT-Cko compared to wt mice after I/R injury. Finally, the activation of caspase3 was more pronounced in the wt compared to PT-SSAT-Cko animals. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced SSAT expression by proximal tubule epithelial cells leads to tubular damage, and its deficiency reduces the severity of renal I/R injury through reduction of cellular damage and modulation of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Affair Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sharon Barone
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Affair Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Roger D. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Affair Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Xu J, Zahedi K, Pavlov T, Levchenko V, Ilatovskaya D, Palygin O, Staruschenko A, Lee CT, Ng HY, Lee YT, Lien YH, Lai LW, Chiou T, Fischereder M, Michalke B, Schmoeckel E, Habicht A, Szabados B, Nelson PJ, Stangl M, Colombaro V, Decleves AE, Jadot I, Voisin V, Giordano L, Habsch I, Flamion B, Caron N. WATER AND SALT. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Xu J, Barone S, Brooks MB, Soleimani M. Double knockout of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) causes salt wasting and volume depletion. Cell Physiol Biochem 2013; 32:173-83. [PMID: 24429824 PMCID: PMC10947769 DOI: 10.1159/000356637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter NCC and the Cl(-)/HCO3(-)exchanger pendrin are expressed on apical membranes of distal cortical nephron segments and mediate salt absorption, with pendrin working in tandem with the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) and the Na(+)-dependent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (NDCBE), whereas NCC is working by itself. A recent study showed that NCC and pendrin compensate for loss of each other under basal conditions, therefore masking the role that each plays in salt reabsorption. Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII, CA2 or CAR2) plays an important role in acid-base transport and salt reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule and acid-base transport in the collecting duct. Animals with CAII deletion show remodeling of intercalated cells along with the downregulation of pendrin. NCC KO mice on the other hand show significant upregulation of pendrin and ENaC. Neither model shows any significant salt wasting under baseline conditions. We hypothesized that the up-regulation of pendrin is essential for the prevention of salt wasting in NCC KO mice. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis, we generated NCC/CAII double KO (dKO) mice by crossing mice with single deletion of NCC and CAII. The NCC/CAII dKO mice displayed significant downregulation of pendrin, along with polyuria and salt wasting. As a result, the dKO mice developed volume depletion, which was associated with the inability to concentrate urine. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the upregulation of pendrin is essential for the prevention of salt and water wasting in NCC deficient animals and its downregulation or inactivation will result in salt wasting, impaired water conservation and volume depletion in the setting of NCC inactivation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Cincinnati
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
| | - Sharon Barone
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Cincinnati
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
| | | | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Cincinnati
- Departments of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
- Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zahedi K, Barone S, Xu J, Soleimani M. Potentiation of the effect of thiazide derivatives by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical implications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79327. [PMID: 24260196 PMCID: PMC3832474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) are mild diuretics, hence not widely used in fluid overloaded states. They are however the treatment of choice for certain non-kidney conditions. Thiazides, specific inhibitors of Na-Cl cotransport (NCC), are mild agents and the most widely used diuretics in the world for control of mild hypertension. HYPOTHESIS In addition to inhibiting the salt reabsorption in the proximal tubule, CAIs down-regulate pendrin, therefore leaving NCC as the major salt absorbing transporter in the distal nephron, and hence allowing for massive diuresis by the inhibitors of NCC in the setting of increased delivery of salt from the proximal tubule. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOLS AND RESULTS Daily treatment of rats with acetazolamide (ACTZ), a known CAI, for 10 days caused mild diuresis whereas daily treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) for 4 days caused hardly any diuresis. However, treatment of rats that were pretreated with ACTZ for 6 days with a combination of ACTZ plus HCTZ for 4 additional days increased the urine output by greater than 2 fold (p<0.001, n = 5) compared to ACTZ-treated animals. Sodium excretion increased by 80% in the ACTZ plus HCTZ group and animals developed significant volume depletion, metabolic alkalosis and pre-renal failure. Molecular studies demonstrated ∼75% reduction in pendrin expression by ACTZ. The increased urine output in ACTZ/HCTZ treated rats was associated with a significant reduction in urine osmolality and reduced membrane localization of AQP-2 (aquaporin2). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ACTZ down-regulates pendrin expression and leaves NCC as the major salt absorbing transporter in the distal nephron in the setting of increased delivery of salt from the proximal tubule. Despite being considered mild agents individually, we propose that the combination of ACTZ and HCTZ is a powerful diuretic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Center on Genetics of Transport and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sharon Barone
- Center on Genetics of Transport and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jie Xu
- Center on Genetics of Transport and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Center on Genetics of Transport and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- * E-mail:
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Barone S, Xu J, Zahedi K, Soleimani M. New insights into the loop of henle. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li HC, Du Z, Barone S, Rubera I, McDonough AA, Tauc M, Zahedi K, Wang T, Soleimani M. Proximal tubule specific knockout of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger NHE3: effects on bicarbonate absorption and ammonium excretion. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:951-63. [PMID: 23508938 PMCID: PMC3730089 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The existing NHE3 knockout mouse has significant intestinal electrolyte absorption defects, making this model unsuitable for the examination of the role of proximal tubule NHE3 in pathophysiologic states in vivo. To overcome this problem, we generated proximal convoluted tubule-specific KO mice (NHE3-PT KO) by generating and crossing NHE3 floxed mice with the sodium-glucose transporter 2 Cre transgenic mice. The NHE3-PT KO mice have >80 % ablation of NHE3 as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot, and northern analyses, and show mild metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate of 21.2 mEq/l in KO vs. 23.7 mEq/l in WT, p < 0.05). In vitro microperfusion studies in the isolated proximal convoluted tubules demonstrated a ∼36 % reduction in bicarbonate reabsorption (JHCO3 = 53.52 ± 4.61 pmol/min/mm in KO vs. 83.09 ± 9.73 in WT) and a ∼27 % reduction in volume reabsorption (Jv = 0.67 ± 0.07 nl/min/mm in KO vs. 0.92 ± 0.06 nl/min/mm in WT) in mutant mice. The NHE3-PT KO mice tolerated NH4Cl acid load well (added to the drinking water) and showed NH4 excretion rates comparable to WT mice at 2 and 5 days after NH4Cl loading without disproportionate metabolic acidosis after 5 days of acid load. Our results suggest that the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 plays an important role in fluid and bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule but does not play an important role in NH4 excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong C Li
- Center on Genetics of Transport and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Amlal H, Xu J, Barone S, Zahedi K, Soleimani M. The chloride channel/transporter Slc26a9 regulates the systemic arterial pressure and renal chloride excretion. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 91:561-72. [PMID: 23149824 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apical chloride secretory pathways in the kidney medullary collecting duct are thought to play an important role in the modulation of final urine composition and regulation of systemic vascular volume and/or blood pressure. However, the molecular identity of these molecules has largely remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Slc26a9, an electrogenic chloride channel/transporter, is localized on the apical membrane of principal cells in the kidney medullary collecting duct and mediates chloride secretion. Mice with the genetic deletion of Slc26a9 show significant reduction in renal chloride excretion when fed a diet high in salt or subjected to water deprivation. Arterial pressure measurements indicated that Slc26a9 knockout (Slc26a9(-/-)) mice are hypertensive under baseline conditions and increase their blood pressure further within 48 h of switching to a high-salt diet. These results suggest that Slc26a9 plays an important role in renal chloride/fluid excretion and arterial pressure regulation. We propose that impaired SLC26A9 activity in humans may interfere with the excretion of excess salt and result in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Amlal
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Xu J, Shull GE, Siddiqui F, Zahedi K, Amlal H. Double knockout of pendrin and Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) causes severe salt wasting, volume depletion, and renal failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13368-73. [PMID: 22847418 PMCID: PMC3421168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202671109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC), which is the target of inhibition by thiazides, is located in close proximity to the chloride-absorbing transporter pendrin in the kidney distal nephron. Single deletion of pendrin or NCC does not cause salt wasting or excessive diuresis under basal conditions, raising the possibility that these transporters are predominantly active during salt depletion or in response to excess aldosterone. We hypothesized that pendrin and NCC compensate for loss of function of the other under basal conditions, thereby masking the role that each plays in salt absorption. To test our hypothesis, we generated pendrin/NCC double knockout (KO) mice by crossing pendrin KO mice with NCC KO mice. Pendrin/NCC double KO mice displayed severe salt wasting and sharp increase in urine output under basal conditions. As a result, animals developed profound volume depletion, renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis without hypokalemia, which were all corrected with salt replacement. We propose that the combined inhibition of pendrin and NCC can provide a strong diuretic regimen without causing hypokalemia for patients with fluid overload, including patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, diuretic resistance, or generalized edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA.
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Barone S, Nguyen U, Lambert M. The use of Statins for Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children: Evaluation of Practices at a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.12a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Amel S, Crambert G, Alain D, Soleimani M, Soleimani M, Amlal H, Barone S, Xu J, Zahedi K, Walter Z, Jankowski V, Joachim J, Weyer K, Nielsen R, Christensen E, Rehling M, Birn H, Dimuccio V, Ranghino A, Camussi G, Bussolati B. Renal physiology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Barone S, Amlal H, Xu J, Soleimani M. Deletion of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin downregulates calcium-absorbing proteins in the kidney and causes calcium wasting. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:1368-79. [PMID: 21873623 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) (TRPV5) and the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) are expressed on the apical membrane of tubular cells in the distal nephron and play essential roles in calcium re-absorption and bicarbonate secretion, respectively, in the kidney. METHODS A combination of functional and molecular biology techniques were employed to examine the role of pendrin deletion in calcium excretion. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that deletion of pendrin causes acidic urine [urine pH 4.9 in knockout (KO) versus 5.9 in wild-type (WT) mice, P<0.03)] and downregulates the calcium-absorbing molecules ECaC and Na/Ca exchanger in the kidney, as shown by northern hybridization, immunoblot analysis and/or immunofluorescent labeling. These changes were associated with a ∼100% increase in 24-h urine calcium excretion in pendrin null mice. Subjecting the pendrin WT and KO mice to oral bicarbonate loading for 12 days increased the urine pH to ∼8 in both genotypes, normalized the expression of ECaC and Na/Ca exchanger and reduced the urine calcium excretion in pendrin-null mice to levels comparable to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that pendrin dysfunction should be suspected and investigated in humans with an otherwise unexplained acidic urine and hypercalciuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Barone
- Research Services, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Barone S, Paoli A, Razionale AV. Assessment of chronic wounds by three-dimensional optical imaging based on integrating geometrical, chromatic, and thermal data. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2011; 225:181-93. [PMID: 21428152 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a particular debilitating health care problem, mainly affecting elderly people. A full and correct diagnosis of tissue damage should be carried out considering both dimensional, chromatic, and thermal parameters. A great variety of methods have been proposed with the aim of producing objective assessment of skin lesions, but none of the existing technologies seem to be robust enough to work for all ulcer typologies. This paper describes an innovative and non-invasive system that allows the automatic measurement of non-healing chronic wounds. The methodology involves the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) optical scanner, based on a structured light approach, with a thermal imager. The system enables the acquisition of geometrical data, which are directly related to chromatic and temperature patterns through a mapping procedure. Damaged skin areas are detected by combining visible and thermal imaging. This approach allows for the automatic measurement of extension and depth of ulcers, even in the absence of significant and well-defined chromatic patterns. The proposed technology has been tested in the measurement of ulcers on human legs. Clinical tests have demonstrated the effectiveness of this methodology in supporting medical experts for the assessment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barone
- Department of Mechanical, University of Pisa, Italy
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Zahedi K, Barone S, Kramer DL, Amlal H, Alhonen L, Jänne J, Porter CW, Soleimani M. The role of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C164-74. [PMID: 20392931 PMCID: PMC2904252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00512.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of catabolic enzymes spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and spermine oxidase (SMO) increases after ischemic reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that polyamine catabolism is upregulated and that this increase in catabolic response contributes to tissue damage in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). SSAT mRNA expression peaked at threefold 24 h following LPS injection and returned to background levels by 48 h. The activity of SSAT correlated with its mRNA levels. The expression of SMO also increased in the kidney after LPS administration. Serum creatinine levels increased significantly at approximately 15 h, peaking by 24 h, and returned to background levels by 72 h. To test the role of SSAT in endotoxin-induced AKI, we injected wild-type (SSAT-wt) and SSAT-deficient (SSAT-ko) mice with LPS. Compared with SSAT-wt mice, the SSAT-ko mice subjected to endotoxic-AKI had less severe kidney damage as indicated by better preservation of kidney function. The role of polyamine oxidation in the mediation of kidney injury was examined by comparing the severity of renal damage in SSAT-wt mice treated with MDL72527, an inhibitor of both polyamine oxidase and SMO. Animals treated with MDL72527 showed significant protection against endotoxin-induced AKI. We conclude that increased polyamine catabolism through generation of by-products of polyamine oxidation contributes to kidney damage and that modulation of polyamine catabolism may be a viable approach for the treatment of endotoxin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0585, USA.
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Amlal H, Petrovic S, Xu J, Wang Z, Sun X, Barone S, Soleimani M. Deletion of the anion exchanger Slc26a4 (pendrin) decreases apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger activity and impairs bicarbonate secretion in kidney collecting duct. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C33-41. [PMID: 20375274 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The anion exchanger Pendrin, which is encoded by SLC26A4 (human)/Slc26a4 (mouse) gene, is localized on the apical membrane of non-acid-secreting intercalated (IC) cells in the kidney cortical collecting duct (CCD). To examine its role in the mediation of bicarbonate secretion in vivo and the apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger in the kidney CCD, mice with genetic deletion of pendrin were generated. The mutant mice show the complete absence of pendrin expression in their kidneys as assessed by Northern blot hybridization, Western blot, and immunofluorescence labeling. Pendrin knockout (KO) mice display significantly acidic urine at baseline [pH 5.20 in KO vs. 6.01 in wild type (WT); P < 0.0001] along with elevated serum HCO(3)(-) concentration (27.4 vs. 24 meq/l in KO vs. WT, respectively; P < 0.02), consistent with decreased bicarbonate secretion in vivo. The urine chloride excretion was comparable in WT and KO mice. For functional studies, CCDs were microperfused and IC cells were identified by their ability to trap the pH fluorescent dye BCECF. The apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity in B-IC and non-A, non-B-IC cells, as assessed by intracellular pH monitoring, was significantly reduced in pendrin-null mice. The basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity in A-IC cells and in non-A, non-B-IC cells, was not different in pendrin KO mice relative to WT animals. Urine NH(4)(+) (ammonium) excretion increased significantly, consistent with increased trapping of NH(3) in the collecting duct in pendrin KO mice. We conclude that Slc26a4 (pendrin) deletion impairs the secretion of bicarbonate in vivo and reduces apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity in B-IC and non-A, non-B-IC cells in CCD. Additional apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger(s) is (are) present in the CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Amlal
- Research Services, Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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