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Chi OZ, Liu X, Fortus H, Werlen G, Jacinto E, Weiss HR. Inhibition of p70 Ribosomal S6 Kinase (S6K1) Reduces Cortical Blood Flow in a Rat Model of Autism-Tuberous Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:10. [PMID: 38570425 PMCID: PMC10990997 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in humans include epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability. Previous studies suggested the linkage of TSC to altered cerebral blood flow and metabolic dysfunction. We previously reported a significant elevation in cerebral blood flow in an animal model of TSC and autism of young Eker rats. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin could restore normal oxygen consumption and cerebral blood flow. In this study, we investigated whether inhibiting a component of the mTOR signaling pathway, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1), would yield comparable effects. Control Long Evans and Eker rats were divided into vehicle and PF-4708671 (S6K1 inhibitor, 75 mg/kg for 1 h) treated groups. Cerebral regional blood flow (14C-iodoantipyrine) was determined in isoflurane anesthetized rats. We found significantly increased basal cortical (+ 32%) and hippocampal (+ 15%) blood flow in the Eker rats. PF-4708671 significantly lowered regional blood flow in the cortex and hippocampus of the Eker rats. PF-4708671 did not significantly lower blood flow in these regions in the control Long Evans rats. Phosphorylation of S6-Ser240/244 and Akt-Ser473 was moderately decreased in Eker rats but only the latter reached statistical significance upon PF-4708671 treatment. Our findings suggest that moderate inhibition of S6K1 with PF-4708671 helps to restore normal cortical blood flow in Eker rats and that this information might have therapeutic potential in tuberous sclerosis complex and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak Z Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-1977, USA.
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-1977, USA
| | - Harvey Fortus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Guy Werlen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Harvey R Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Schachenhofer J, Gruber VE, Fehrer SV, Haider C, Glatter S, Liszewska E, Höftberger R, Aronica E, Rössler K, Jaworski J, Scholl T, Feucht M. Targeting the EGFR pathway: An alternative strategy for the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12974. [PMID: 38562027 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by variants in TSC1/TSC2, leading to constitutive activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. Therapy with everolimus has been approved for TSC, but variations in success are frequent. Recently, caudal late interneuron progenitor (CLIP) cells were identified as a common origin of the TSC brain pathologies such as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) and cortical tubers (CT). Further, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with afatinib, which is expressed in CLIP cells, reduces cell growth in cerebral TSC organoids. However, investigation of clinical patient-derived data is lacking. AIMS Observation of EGFR expression in SEGA, CT and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) 2B human brain specimen and investigation of whether its inhibition could be a potential therapeutic intervention for these patients. METHODS Brain specimens of 23 SEGAs, 6 CTs, 20 FCD2Bs and 17 controls were analysed via immunohistochemistry to characterise EGFR expression, cell proliferation (via Mib1) and mTOR signalling. In a cell-based assay using primary patient-derived cells (CT n = 1, FCD2B n = 1 and SEGA n = 4), the effects of afatinib and everolimus on cell proliferation and cell viability were observed. RESULTS EGFR overexpression was observed in histological sections of SEGA, CT and FCD2B patients. Both everolimus and afatinib decreased the proliferation and viability in primary SEGA, tuber and FCD2B cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that EGFR suppression might be an effective alternative treatment option for SEGAs and tubers, as well as other mTOR-associated malformations of cortical development, including FCD2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schachenhofer
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Carmen Haider
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Glatter
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a birth incidence of 1:6000 in the United States that is characterized by the growth of non-cancerous tumors in multiple organ systems including the brain, kidneys, lungs, and skin. Importantly, TSC is also associated with significant neurological manifestations including epilepsy, TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, intellectual disabilities, and autism spectrum disorder. Mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes are well-established causes of TSC, which lead to TSC1/TSC2 deficiency in organs and hyper-activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Animal models have been widely used to study the effect of TSC1/2 genes on the development and function of the brain. Despite considerable progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying TSC in animal models, a human-specific model is urgently needed to investigate the effects of TSC1/2 mutations that are unique to human neurodevelopment. DATA SOURCES Literature reviews and research articles were published in PubMed-indexed journals. RESULTS Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which capture risk alleles that are identical to their donors and have the capacity to differentiate into virtually any cell type in the human body, pave the way for the empirical study of previously inaccessible biological systems such as the developing human brain. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we present an overview of the recent progress in modeling TSC with human iPSC models, the existing limitations, and potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Niu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Building 447, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin Siciliano
- The Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Building 447, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Building 447, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Building 447, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Ni M, Qiu J, Liu G, Sun X, Zhu W, Wu P, Chen Z, Qiu J, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Li C, Gao Y, Zhou J, Zhu Q. Loss of macrophage TSC1 exacerbates sterile inflammatory liver injury through inhibiting the AKT/MST1/NRF2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:146. [PMID: 38360839 PMCID: PMC10869801 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) plays important roles in regulating innate immunity. However, the precise role of TSC1 in macrophages in the regulation of oxidative stress response and hepatic inflammation in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) remains unknown. In a mouse model of liver I/R injury, deletion of myeloid-specific TSC1 inhibited AKT and MST1 phosphorylation, and decreased NRF2 accumulation, whereas activated TLR4/NF-κB pathway, leading to increased hepatic inflammation. Adoptive transfer of AKT- or MST1-overexpressing macrophages, or Keap1 disruption in myeloid-specific TSC1-knockout mice promoted NRF2 activation but reduced TLR4 activity and mitigated I/R-induced liver inflammation. Mechanistically, TSC1 in macrophages promoted AKT and MST1 phosphorylation, and protected NRF2 from Keap1-mediated ubiquitination. Furthermore, overexpression AKT or MST1 in TSC1-knockout macrophages upregulated NRF2 expression, downregulated TLR4/NF-κB, resulting in reduced inflammatory factors, ROS and inflammatory cytokine-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Strikingly, TSC1 induction in NRF2-deficient macrophages failed to reverse the TLR4/NF-κB activity and production of pro-inflammatory factors. Conclusions: Macrophage TSC1 promoted the activation of the AKT/MST1 signaling pathway, increased NRF2 levels via reducing Keap1-mediated ubiquitination, and modulated oxidative stress-driven inflammatory responses in liver I/R injury. Our findings underscore the critical role of macrophage TSC1 as a novel regulator of innate immunity and imply the therapeutic potential for the treatment of sterile liver inflammation in transplant recipients. Schematic illustration of macrophage TSC1-mediated AKT/MST1/NRF2 signaling pathway in I/R-triggered liver inflammation. Macrophage TSC1 can be activated in I/R-stressed livers. TSC1 activation promotes phosphorylation of AKT and MST1, which in turn increases NRF2 expression and inhibits ROS production and TLR4/NF-κB activation, resulting in reduced hepatocellular apoptosis in I/R-triggered liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohu Sun
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyun Gang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajing Qiu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziming Wu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyong Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao M, Li P, Qiao D, Hua S, Yue Q, Dai Y, Huang Y, Jiang J, Yin H, Li M, Ding Y, Yang X, Ma Y, Ding K, Zeng L. N6-methyladenosine modification of TSC1 mRNA contributes to macrophage polarization regulated by Coptisine in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Phytomedicine 2024; 122:155153. [PMID: 38014839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a global refractory disease characterized by recurrent episodes. Coptisine (COP) is an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptis chinensis, which has strong anti-inflammatory activity. Macrophages are key cells mediating inflammation. It is reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulates the polarization of macrophages and affects the development of inflammation. COP exerts an exact inhibitory effect on macrophages inflammation, while the specific mechanism remains unclear. The current study is designed to conduct a further investigation into the protective mechanism of COP against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced UC in mice. METHODS Using a DSS-induced UC model, we evaluated the pharmacodynamic effect of COP on UC mice, and verified the regulatory mechanism of COP on macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. The methylation level of m6A was detected by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequence (MeRIP) -qPCR, and the expression level of Methyltransferase Like (METTL)14 was determined by western blotting. Then METTL14 was knocked down in macrophages, and its effects on Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1) mRNA and m6A methylation regulation were observed. RESULTS COP improved the symptoms, alleviated tissue damage and reduced inflammation levels in DSS-induced UC mice. COP increased TSC1 expression, inhibited the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) / Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway, and thus inhibited macrophage M1 polarization, whereas COP increased CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein beta (c/EBPβ) expression, and thus promoted macrophage M2 polarization. COP also significantly increased the expression of METTL14, which enhanced m6A methylation and ultimately improved the stability of TSC1 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS COP was effective in treating UC and could regulate the polarization of macrophages. The possible mechanisms might be related to m6A modification-mediated TSC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siyi Hua
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiyu Yue
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqiu Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiting Yin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Li
- Nanjing hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Nanjing hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Nanjing hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Ding
- Nanjing hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang Z, Li Y, He Z, Li S, Huang K, Shi X, Sun X, Ruan R, Cui C, Wang R, Wang L, Lv S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Yang H, Yang X, Liu S. Predictive model for epileptogenic tubers from all tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex based on 18F-FDG PET: an 8-year single-centre study. BMC Med 2023; 21:500. [PMID: 38110931 PMCID: PMC10729377 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), and resection surgery is the most effective way to control intractable epilepsy. Precise preoperative localization of epileptogenic tubers among all cortical tubers determines the surgical outcomes and patient prognosis. Models for preoperatively predicting epileptogenic tubers using 18F-FDG PET images are still lacking, however. We developed noninvasive predictive models for clinicians to predict the epileptogenic tubers and the outcome (seizure freedom or no seizure freedom) of cortical tubers based on 18F-FDG PET images. METHODS Forty-three consecutive TSC patients with DRE were enrolled, and 235 cortical tubers were selected as the training set. Quantitative indices of cortical tubers on 18F-FDG PET were extracted, and logistic regression analysis was performed to select those with the most important predictive capacity. Machine learning models, including logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and artificial neural network (ANN) models, were established based on the selected predictive indices to identify epileptogenic tubers from multiple cortical tubers. A discriminating nomogram was constructed and found to be clinically practical according to decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC). Furthermore, testing sets were created based on new PET images of 32 tubers from 7 patients, and follow-up outcome data from the cortical tubers were collected 1, 3, and 5 years after the operation to verify the reliability of the predictive model. The predictive performance was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS PET quantitative indices including SUVmean, SUVmax, volume, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), third quartile, upper adjacent and standard added metabolism activity (SAM) were associated with the epileptogenic tubers. The SUVmean, SUVmax, volume and TLG values were different between epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic tubers and were associated with the clinical characteristics of epileptogenic tubers. The LR model achieved the better performance in predicting epileptogenic tubers (AUC = 0.7706; 95% CI 0.70-0.83) than the LDA (AUC = 0.7506; 95% CI 0.68-0.82) and ANN models (AUC = 0.7425; 95% CI 0.67-0.82) and also demonstrated good calibration (Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit p value = 0.7). In addition, DCA and CIC confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram constructed to predict epileptogenic tubers based on quantitative indices. Intriguingly, the LR model exhibited good performance in predicting epileptogenic tubers in the testing set (AUC = 0.8502; 95% CI 0.71-0.99) and the long-term outcomes of cortical tubers (1-year outcomes: AUC = 0.7805, 95% CI 0.71-0.85; 3-year outcomes: AUC = 0.8066, 95% CI 0.74-0.87; 5-year outcomes: AUC = 0.8172, 95% CI 0.75-0.87). CONCLUSIONS The 18F-FDG PET image-based LR model can be used to noninvasively identify epileptogenic tubers and predict the long-term outcomes of cortical tubers in TSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Armed Police Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruotong Ruan
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruodan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Armed Police Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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Aksoylu IS, Martin P, Robert F, Szkop KJ, Redmond NE, Bhattacharyya S, Wang J, Chen S, Beauchamp RL, Nobeli I, Pelletier J, Larsson O, Ramesh V. Translatome analysis of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 patient-derived neural progenitor cells reveals rapamycin-dependent and independent alterations. Mol Autism 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 37880800 PMCID: PMC10601155 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, with patients often exhibiting neurodevelopmental (ND) manifestations termed TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. Hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin (TSC2) proteins form a complex inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Loss of TSC1 or TSC2 activates mTORC1 that, among several targets, controls protein synthesis by inhibiting translational repressor eIF4E-binding proteins. Using TSC1 patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs), we recently reported early ND phenotypic changes, including increased cell proliferation and altered neurite outgrowth in TSC1-null NPCs, which were unaffected by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. METHODS Here, we used polysome profiling, which quantifies changes in mRNA abundance and translational efficiencies at a transcriptome-wide level, to compare CRISPR-edited TSC1-null with CRISPR-corrected TSC1-WT NPCs generated from one TSC donor (one clone/genotype). To assess the relevance of identified gene expression alterations, we performed polysome profiling in postmortem brains from ASD donors and age-matched controls. We further compared effects on translation of a subset of transcripts and rescue of early ND phenotypes in NPCs following inhibition of mTORC1 using the allosteric inhibitor rapamycin versus a third-generation bi-steric, mTORC1-selective inhibitor RMC-6272. RESULTS Polysome profiling of NPCs revealed numerous TSC1-associated alterations in mRNA translation that were largely recapitulated in human ASD brains. Moreover, although rapamycin treatment partially reversed the TSC1-associated alterations in mRNA translation, most genes related to neural activity/synaptic regulation or ASD were rapamycin-insensitive. In contrast, treatment with RMC-6272 inhibited rapamycin-insensitive translation and reversed TSC1-associated early ND phenotypes including proliferation and neurite outgrowth that were unaffected by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Our work reveals ample mRNA translation alterations in TSC1 patient-derived NPCs that recapitulate mRNA translation in ASD brain samples. Further, suppression of TSC1-associated but rapamycin-insensitive translation and ND phenotypes by RMC-6272 unveils potential implications for more efficient targeting of mTORC1 as a superior treatment strategy for TAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci S Aksoylu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauline Martin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Francis Robert
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Krzysztof J Szkop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas E Redmond
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Srirupa Bhattacharyya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberta L Beauchamp
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Irene Nobeli
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences,, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vijaya Ramesh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Previtali R, Prontera G, Alfei E, Nespoli L, Masnada S, Veggiotti P, Mannarino S. Paradigm shift in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis: Effectiveness of everolimus. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106884. [PMID: 37549757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterised by abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation that affects multiple organs and can lead to the growth of hamartomas. Tuberous sclerosis complex is caused by the disinhibition of the protein mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). In the past, various therapeutic approaches, even if only symptomatic, have been attempted to improve the clinical effects of this disease. While all of these therapeutic strategies are useful and are still used and indicated, they are symptomatic therapies based on the individual symptoms of the disease and therefore not fully effective in modifying long-term outcomes. A new therapeutic approach is the introduction of allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1, which allow restoration of metabolic homeostasis in mutant cells, potentially eliminating most of the clinical manifestations associated with Tuberous sclerosis complex. Everolimus, a mammalian target of the rapamycin inhibitor, is able to reduce hamartomas, correcting the specific molecular defect that causes Tuberous sclerosis complex. In this review, we report the findings from the literature on the use of everolimus as an effective and safe drug in the treatment of TSC manifestations affecting various organs, from the central nervous system to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Previtali
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Prontera
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alfei
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Nespoli
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatric, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Masnada
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Savina Mannarino
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatric, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Winden KD, Pham TT, Teaney NA, Ruiz J, Chen R, Chen C, Sahin M. Increased degradation of FMRP contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability in tuberous sclerosis complex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112838. [PMID: 37494191 PMCID: PMC10529098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, but new therapies have been impeded by a lack of understanding of the pathological mechanisms. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and fragile X syndrome are associated with alterations in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP), which have been implicated in the development of ASD. Previously, we observed that transcripts associated with FMRP were down-regulated in TSC2-deficient neurons. In this study, we find that FMRP turnover is dysregulated in TSC2-deficient rodent primary neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and is dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex. We also demonstrate that overexpression of FMRP can partially rescue hyperexcitability in TSC2-deficient iPSC-derived neurons. These data indicate that FMRP dysregulation represents an important pathological mechanism in the development of abnormal neuronal activity in TSC and illustrate a molecular convergence between these two neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen D Winden
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Truc T Pham
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole A Teaney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Chen
- Human Neuron Core, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cidi Chen
- Human Neuron Core, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Fu W, Wu G. Design of negative-regulating proteins of Rheb/mTORC1 with much-reduced sizes of the tuberous sclerosis protein complex. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4731. [PMID: 37462942 PMCID: PMC10382911 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates cell growth and metabolism in a variety of organisms from yeast to human, and inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway has the prospect to treat cancer or achieve longevity. The tuberous sclerosis protein complex (TSCC) is a master negative regulator of the mTORC1 signaling pathway through hydrolyzing the GTP loaded on the small GTPase Rheb, which is a key activator of mTOR. However, the large size (~700 kDa) and complex structural organization of TSCC render it vulnerable to degradation and inactivation, thus limiting its potential application. In this work, based on thorough analysis and understanding of the structural mechanism of how the stabilization domain of TSC2 secures the association of TSC2-GAP with Rheb and thus enhances its GAP activity, we designed two proteins, namely SSG-MTM (short stabilization domain and GAP domain-membrane targeting motif) and SSG-TSC1N, which were able to function like TSCC to negatively regulate Rheb and mTORC1, but with much-reduced sizes (~1/15 and ~ 1/9 of the size of TSCC, respectively). Biochemical and cell biological assays demonstrated that these designed proteins indeed could promote the GTPase activity of Rheb to hydrolyze GTP, inhibit the kinase activity of mTORC1, and prevent mTORC1 from down-regulating catabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, the Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences MOEShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Geng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, the Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences MOEShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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11
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Bovari-Biri J, Abdelwahab EMM, Garai K, Pongracz JE. Prdx5 in the Regulation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Mutation-Induced Signaling Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:1713. [PMID: 37443747 PMCID: PMC10340296 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mutations directly affect mTORC activity and, as a result, protein synthesis. In several cancer types, TSC mutation is part of the driver mutation panel. TSC mutations have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tolerance to reactive oxygen species due to increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzyme activity, tolerance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin is frequently used in clinical applications to inhibit protein synthesis in cancers. Recently, TrxR inhibitor auranofin has also been involved in clinical trials to investigate the anticancer efficacy of the combination treatment with rapamycin. We aimed to investigate the molecular background of the efficacy of such drug combinations in treating neoplasia modulated by TSC mutations. (2) Methods: TSC2 mutant and TSC2 wild-type (WT) cell lines were exposed to rapamycin and auranofin in either mono- or combination treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential, TrxR enzyme activity, stress protein array, mRNA and protein levels were investigated via cell proliferation assay, electron microscopy, etc. (3) Results: Auranofin and rapamycin normalized mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced proliferation capacity of TSC2 mutant cells. Database analysis identified peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) as the joint target of auranofin and rapamycin. The auranofin and the combination of the two drugs reduced Prdx5 levels. The combination treatment increased the expression of heat shock protein 70, a cellular ER stress marker. (4) Conclusions: After extensive analyses, Prdx5 was identified as a shared target of the two drugs. The decreased Prdx5 protein level and the inhibition of both TrxR and mTOR by rapamycin and auranofin in the combination treatment made ER stress-induced cell death possible in TSC2 mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2. Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Barone S, Brooks M, Zahedi K, Holliday LS, Bissler J, Yu JJ, Soleimani M. Identification of an Electrogenic 2Cl -/H + Exchanger, ClC5, as a Chloride-Secreting Transporter Candidate in Kidney Cyst Epithelium in Tuberous Sclerosis. Am J Pathol 2023; 193:191-200. [PMID: 36336066 PMCID: PMC9926528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kidney cyst expansion in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or polycystic kidney disease (PKD) requires active secretion of chloride (Cl-) into the cyst lumen. In PKD, Cl- secretion is primarily mediated via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in principal cells. Kidney cystogenesis in TSC is predominantly composed of type A intercalated cells, which do not exhibit noticeable expression of CFTR. The identity of the Cl--secreting molecule(s) in TSC cyst epithelia remains speculative. RNA-sequencing analysis results were used to examine the expression of FOXi1, the chief regulator of acid base transporters in intercalated cells, along with localization of Cl- channel 5 (ClC5), in various models of TSC. Results from Tsc2+/- mice showed that the expansion of kidney cysts corresponded to the induction of Foxi1 and correlated with the appearance of ClC5 and H+-ATPase on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia. In various mouse models of TSC, Foxi1 was robustly induced in the kidney, and ClC5 and H+-ATPase were expressed on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia. Expression of ClC5 was also detected on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia in humans with TSC but was absent in humans with autosomal dominant PKD or in a mouse model of PKD. These results indicate that ClC5 is expressed on the apical membrane of cyst epithelia and is a likely candidate mediating Cl- secretion into the kidney cyst lumen in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Barone
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - John Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jane J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Kagitani-Shimono K, Kato H, Soeda F, Iwatani Y, Mukai M, Ogawa K, Tominaga K, Nabatame S, Taniike M. Extension of microglial activation is associated with epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction in Tuberous sclerosis complex: A TSPO-PET study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103288. [PMID: 36521371 PMCID: PMC9758490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neuroinflammation contributes to the severity of various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a condition that results in the overactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which has been linked to the activation of microglia responsible for neuroinflammation. To clarify the involvement of neuroinflammation in the neuropathophysiology of TSC, we performed a positron emission tomography (PET) study using the translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand, [11C] DPA713, and investigated microglial activation in relation to neurological manifestations, especially epilepsy and cognitive function. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 18 patients with TSC (6 in the no-seizure group, 6 in the refractory seizure group, and 6 in the mTOR-inhibitor [mTOR-i] group). All participants underwent [11C] DPA713-PET. PET results were superimposed with a 3D T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and T1-weighted image (T1WI) to evaluate the location of cortical tubers. Microglial activation was assessed using the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) of DPA713 binding. The volume ratio of the DPA713-positive area to the intracranial volume (volume ratio of DPA713/ICV) was calculated to evaluate the extent of microglial activation. A correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between volume ratio of DPA713/ICV and severity of epilepsy and cognitive function. RESULTS Most cortical tubers with hyperintensity on FLAIR and hypo- or isointensity on T1WI showed microglial activation. The extent of microglial activation was significantly greater in the refractory seizure group than in the no-seizure or mTOR-i groups (p < 0.001). The extent of microglial activation in subjects without mTOR-i treatment correlated positively with epilepsy severity (r = 0.822, P = 0.001) and negatively with cognitive function (r = -0.846, p = 0.001), but these correlations were not present in the mTOR-i group (r = 0.232, P = 0.658, r = 0.371, P = 0.469, respectively). CONCLUSION Neuroinflammation is associated with the severity of epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction in brains with TSC. mTOR-i may suppress the extent of neuroinflammation in TSC. Investigating the spread of microglial activation using TSPO-PET in these patients may help to predict the progression of neuropathy by assessing the degree of neuroinflammation and therefore be useful for determining how aggressive the treatment should be and in assessing the effectiveness of such treatment in patients with TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Soeda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Iwatani
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Hwang JHL, Perloff OS, Gaus SE, Benitez C, Alquezar C, Cosme CQ, Nana AL, Vatsavayai SC, Ramos EM, Geschwind DH, Miller BL, Kao AW, Seeley WW. Tuberous sclerosis complex is associated with a novel human tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:1-12. [PMID: 36469115 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurogenetic disorder leading to epilepsy, developmental delay, and neurobehavioral dysfunction. The syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in TSC1 (coding for hamartin) or TSC2 (coding for tuberin). Recently, we reported a progressive frontotemporal dementia-like clinical syndrome in a patient with a mutation in TSC1, but the neuropathological changes seen in adults with TSC with or without dementia have yet to be systematically explored. Here, we examined neuropathological findings in adults with TSC (n = 11) aged 30-58 years and compared them to age-matched patients with epilepsy unrelated to TSC (n = 9) and non-neurological controls (n = 10). In 3 of 11 subjects with TSC, we observed a neurofibrillary tangle-predominant "TSC tauopathy" not seen in epilepsy or non-neurological controls. This tauopathy was observed in the absence of pathological amyloid beta, TDP-43, or alpha-synuclein deposition. The neurofibrillary tangles in TSC tauopathy showed a unique pattern of post-translational modifications, with apparent differences between TSC1 and TSC2 mutation carriers. Tau acetylation (K274, K343) was prominent in both TSC1 and TSC2, whereas tau phosphorylation at a common phospho-epitope (S202) was observed only in TSC2. TSC tauopathy was observed in selected neocortical, limbic, subcortical, and brainstem sites and showed a 3-repeat greater than 4-repeat tau isoform pattern in both TSC1 and TSC2 mutation carriers, but no tangles were immunolabeled with MC1 or p62 antibodies. The findings suggest that individuals with TSC are at risk for a unique tauopathy in mid-life and that tauopathy pathogenesis may involve TSC1, TSC2, and related molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye L Hwang
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olga S Perloff
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gaus
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camila Benitez
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Alquezar
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celica Q Cosme
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarat C Vatsavayai
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliana M Ramos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Schrötter S, Yuskaitis CJ, MacArthur MR, Mitchell SJ, Hosios AM, Osipovich M, Torrence ME, Mitchell JR, Hoxhaj G, Sahin M, Manning BD. The non-essential TSC complex component TBC1D7 restricts tissue mTORC1 signaling and brain and neuron growth. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110824. [PMID: 35584673 PMCID: PMC9175135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 and 2 proteins associate with TBC1D7 to form the TSC complex, which is an essential suppressor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a ubiquitous driver of cell and tissue growth. Loss-of-function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, but not TBC1D7, give rise to TSC, a pleiotropic disorder with aberrant activation of mTORC1 in various tissues. Here, we characterize mice with genetic deletion of Tbc1d7, which are viable with normal growth and development. Consistent with partial loss of function of the TSC complex, Tbc1d7 knockout (KO) mice display variable increases in tissue mTORC1 signaling with increased muscle fiber size but with strength and motor defects. Their most pronounced phenotype is brain overgrowth due to thickening of the cerebral cortex, with enhanced neuron-intrinsic mTORC1 signaling and growth. Thus, TBC1D7 is required for full TSC complex function in tissues, and the brain is particularly sensitive to its growth-suppressing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schrötter
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Yuskaitis
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Osipovich
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret E Torrence
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Duan S, Wang C, Xu X, Zhang X, Su G, Li Y, Fu S, Sun P, Tian J. Peripheral Serum Exosomes Isolated from Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Promote Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis via the miR-126-3p/TSC1/mTORC1/HIF-1α Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1577-1592. [PMID: 35400999 PMCID: PMC8988947 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Angiogenesis is required for improving myocardial function and is a key factor in long-term prognosis after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although exosomes are known to play a crucial role in angiogenesis, the role of peripheral exosomes in angiogenic signal transduction in patients with AMI remains unclear. Here, we explored the effect of exosomes extracted from the peripheral serum of AMI patients on angiogenesis and elucidated the downstream pathways. Patients and Methods Serum exosomes were obtained from patients with AMI (AMI-Exo) and healthy individuals (Con-Exo). The exosomes were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, with aortic rings ex vivo, and were used to treat mouse hind-limb ischemia and mouse AMI model in vivo. Results AMI-Exo raised HUVEC proliferation, tube formation, and migration, and enhanced microvessel sprouting from aortic rings compared to Con-Exo, both in vitro and ex vivo. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the abundance of miR-126-3p, a crucial regulator of angiogenesis, was increased in AMI-Exo. The inhibition of miR-126-3p decreased the benefits of AMI-Exo treatment, and miR-126-3p upregulation enhanced the benefits of Con-Exo treatment in HUVECs, aortic rings, the mouse hind-limb ischemia model, and the mouse AMI model. Knockdown and overexpression analyses revealed that miR-126-3p regulated angiogenesis in HUVECs by directly targeting tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1). Moreover, we found that miR-126-3p could inhibit TSC1 expression, which further activated mTORC1 signaling and increased HIF-1α and VEGFA expression, ultimately promoting angiogenesis. Conclusion Collectively, our results provide a novel understanding of the function of exosomes in angiogenesis post AMI. We demonstrated that exosomes from the peripheral serum of AMI patients promote angiogenesis via the miR-126-3p/TSC1/mTORC1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Duan
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Harbin city, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Su
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiawei Tian; Ping Sun, Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 451-86605811, Fax +86 451-86605745, Email ;
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17
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Huang Q, Li F, Hu H, Fang Z, Gao Z, Xia G, Ng WL, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Chen T, Deng J, Zhang H, Almonte C, Labbe K, Han H, Geng K, Tang S, Freeman GJ, Li Y, Chen H, Wong KK. Loss of TSC1/TSC2 sensitizes immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabi9533. [PMID: 35119931 PMCID: PMC8816329 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1 (TSC1) and 2 (TSC2) are frequently mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, their effects on antitumor immunity remained unexplored. A CRISPR screening in murine KrasG12D/Trp53-/- (KP) model identified Tsc1 and Tsc2 as potent regulators of programmed cell death ligand 1 (Pd-l1) expression in vitro and sensitivity to anti-programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) treatment in vivo. TSC1 or TSC2 knockout (KO) promoted the transcriptional and membrane expression of PD-L1 in cell lines. TSC2-deficient tumors manifested an inflamed microenvironment in patient samples and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. In syngeneic murine models, KP-Tsc2-KO tumors showed notable response to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, but Tsc2-wild-type tumors did not. Patients with TSC1/TSC2-mutant NSCLC receiving immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) had increased durable clinical benefit and survival. Collectively, TSC1/TSC2 loss defines a distinct subtype of NSCLC characterized as inflamed tumor microenvironment and superior sensitivity to ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key
Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,
Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (H.C.); (K.-K.W.);
(F.L.)
| | - Hai Hu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation
Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell
Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhendong Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key
Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,
Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Guozhan Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key
Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,
Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
| | - Wai-Lung Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories and Genome
Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York
University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Christina Almonte
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Kristen Labbe
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Han Han
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Ke Geng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Sittinon Tang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai
Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key
Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,
Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (H.C.); (K.-K.W.);
(F.L.)
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York
University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
- Corresponding author. (H.C.); (K.-K.W.);
(F.L.)
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18
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Gruber V, Lang J, Endmayr V, Diehm R, Pimpel B, Glatter S, Anink JJ, Bongaarts A, Luinenburg MJ, Reinten RJ, van der Wel N, Larsen P, Hainfellner JA, Rössler K, Aronica E, Scholl T, Mühlebner A, Feucht M. Impaired myelin production due to an intrinsic failure of oligodendrocytes in mTORpathies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:812-825. [PMID: 34173252 PMCID: PMC8518586 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aim to evaluate if the myelin pathology observed in epilepsy-associated focal cortical dysplasia type 2B (FCD2B) and-histologically indistinguishable-cortical tubers of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is primarily related to the underlying malformation or constitutes a secondary phenomenon due to the toxic microenvironment created by epileptic seizures. We also aim to investigate the possible beneficial effect of the mTOR pathway regulator everolimus on white matter pathology. METHODS Primary mixed glial cell cultures derived from epilepsy surgery specimens of one TSC and seven FCD2B patients were grown on polycaprolactone fibre matrices and analysed using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Unaffected white matter from three age-matched epilepsy patients with mild malformations of cortical development (mMCD) and one with FCD3D served as controls. Additionally, TSC2 knock-out was performed using an oligodendroglial cell line. Myelination capacities of nanofibre grown cells in an inflammatory environment after mTOR-inhibitor treatment with everolimus were further investigated. RESULTS Reduced oligodendroglial turnover, directly related to a lower myelin content was found in the patients' primary cells. In our culture model of myelination dynamics, primary cells grown under 'inflammatory condition' showed decreased myelination, that was repaired by treatment with everolimus. CONCLUSIONS Results obtained in patient-derived primary oligodendroglial and TSC2 knock-out cells suggest that maturation of oligodendroglia and production of a proper myelin sheath seem to be impaired as a result of mTOR pathway disturbance. Hence, oligodendroglial pathology may reflect a more direct effect of the abnormal genetic programme rather than to be an inactive bystander of chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria‐Elisabeth Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
| | - Judith Lang
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert Diehm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
| | - Birgit Pimpel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
| | - Sarah Glatter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Luinenburg
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roy J. Reinten
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nicole van der Wel
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Per Larsen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)HeemstedeThe Netherlands
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna – Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCAREViennaAustria
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19
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Dalal JS, Winden KD, Salussolia CL, Sundberg M, Singh A, Pham TT, Zhou P, Pu WT, Miller MT, Sahin M. Loss of Tsc1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells induces transcriptional and translation changes in FMRP target transcripts. eLife 2021; 10:e67399. [PMID: 34259631 PMCID: PMC8279760 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that is associated with multiple neurological manifestations. Previously, we demonstrated that Tsc1 loss in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) can cause altered social behavior in mice. Here, we performed detailed transcriptional and translational analyses of Tsc1-deficient PCs to understand the molecular alterations in these cells. We found that target transcripts of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) are reduced in mutant PCs with evidence of increased degradation. Surprisingly, we observed unchanged ribosomal binding for many of these genes using translating ribosome affinity purification. Finally, we found that multiple FMRP targets, including SHANK2, were reduced, suggesting that compensatory increases in ribosomal binding efficiency may be unable to overcome reduced transcript levels. These data further implicate dysfunction of FMRP and its targets in TSC and suggest that treatments aimed at restoring the function of these pathways may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh Dalal
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Kellen Diamond Winden
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Catherine Lourdes Salussolia
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Maria Sundberg
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Achint Singh
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Truc Thanh Pham
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Meghan T Miller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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20
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Mizuguchi M, Ohsawa M, Kashii H, Sato A. Brain Symptoms of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136677. [PMID: 34206526 PMCID: PMC8268912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) system plays multiple, important roles in the brain, regulating both morphology, such as cellular size, shape, and position, and function, such as learning, memory, and social interaction. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a congenital disorder caused by a defective suppressor of the mTOR system, the TSC1/TSC2 complex. Almost all brain symptoms of TSC are manifestations of an excessive activity of the mTOR system. Many children with TSC are afflicted by intractable epilepsy, intellectual disability, and/or autism. In the brains of infants with TSC, a vicious cycle of epileptic encephalopathy is formed by mTOR hyperactivity, abnormal synaptic structure/function, and excessive epileptic discharges, further worsening epilepsy and intellectual/behavioral disorders. Molecular target therapy with mTOR inhibitors has recently been proved to be efficacious for epilepsy in human TSC patients, and for autism in TSC model mice, indicating the possibility for pharmacological treatment of developmental synaptic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizuguchi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Pediatrics, National Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0037, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-3515
| | - Maki Ohsawa
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Pediatrics, National Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0037, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kashii
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0042, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
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21
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Mrozek EM, Bajaj V, Guo Y, Malinowska IA, Zhang J, Kwiatkowski DJ. Evaluation of Hsp90 and mTOR inhibitors as potential drugs for the treatment of TSC1/TSC2 deficient cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248380. [PMID: 33891611 PMCID: PMC8064564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 cause Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by multi-system tumor and hamartoma development. Mutation and loss of function of TSC1 and/or TSC2 also occur in a variety of sporadic cancers, and rapamycin and related drugs show highly variable treatment benefit in patients with such cancers. The TSC1 and TSC2 proteins function in a complex that inhibits mTORC1, a key regulator of cell growth, which acts to enhance anabolic biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we identified and validated five cancer cell lines with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations and performed a kinase inhibitor drug screen with 197 compounds. The five cell lines were sensitive to several mTOR inhibitors, and cell cycle kinase and HSP90 kinase inhibitors. The IC50 for Torin1 and INK128, both mTOR kinase inhibitors, was significantly increased in three TSC2 null cell lines in which TSC2 expression was restored. Rapamycin was significantly more effective than either INK128 or ganetespib (an HSP90 inhibitor) in reducing the growth of TSC2 null SNU-398 cells in a xenograft model. Combination ganetespib-rapamycin showed no significant enhancement of growth suppression over rapamycin. Hence, although HSP90 inhibitors show strong inhibition of TSC1/TSC2 null cell line growth in vitro, ganetespib showed little benefit at standard dosage in vivo. In contrast, rapamycin which showed very modest growth inhibition in vitro was the best agent for in vivo treatment, but did not cause tumor regression, only growth delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M. Mrozek
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJK); (EMM)
| | - Vineeta Bajaj
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yanan Guo
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Izabela A. Malinowska
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Kwiatkowski
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJK); (EMM)
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22
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Wu K, Yue J, Shen K, He J, Zhu G, Liu S, Yang H, Zhang CQ. Expression and cellular distribution of FGF13 in cortical tubers of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135714. [PMID: 33582188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cortical tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are highly associated with intractable epilepsy. Recent evidence suggests a close relationship between FGF13 and seizures. To understand the role of FGF13 in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers, we investigated the expression pattern of FGF13 in cortical tubers of TSC compared with normal control cortices (CTX). We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of FGF13 were significantly higher in the cortical tubers from patients with TSC than in the control cortices. The immunohistochemical results showed strong FGF13 immunoreactivity in abnormal cells, including dysplastic neurons (DNs) and giant cells (GCs). Moreover, double-label immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that FGF13 was mainly localized in neurons and nearly absent in glia-like cells. The protein levels of FGF13 in the TSC samples were positively correlated with the frequency of seizures before surgery. Taken together, these results suggest that the overexpression and distribution pattern of FGF13 may be related to intractable epilepsy caused by TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Wu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Yue
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifeng Shen
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaojiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Prentzell MT, Rehbein U, Cadena Sandoval M, De Meulemeester AS, Baumeister R, Brohée L, Berdel B, Bockwoldt M, Carroll B, Chowdhury SR, von Deimling A, Demetriades C, Figlia G, de Araujo MEG, Heberle AM, Heiland I, Holzwarth B, Huber LA, Jaworski J, Kedra M, Kern K, Kopach A, Korolchuk VI, van 't Land-Kuper I, Macias M, Nellist M, Palm W, Pusch S, Ramos Pittol JM, Reil M, Reintjes A, Reuter F, Sampson JR, Scheldeman C, Siekierska A, Stefan E, Teleman AA, Thomas LE, Torres-Quesada O, Trump S, West HD, de Witte P, Woltering S, Yordanov TE, Zmorzynska J, Opitz CA, Thedieck K. G3BPs tether the TSC complex to lysosomes and suppress mTORC1 signaling. Cell 2021; 184:655-674.e27. [PMID: 33497611 PMCID: PMC7868890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding proteins 1 and 2 (G3BP1 and G3BP2, respectively) are widely recognized as core components of stress granules (SGs). We report that G3BPs reside at the cytoplasmic surface of lysosomes. They act in a non-redundant manner to anchor the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein complex to lysosomes and suppress activation of the metabolic master regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by amino acids and insulin. Like the TSC complex, G3BP1 deficiency elicits phenotypes related to mTORC1 hyperactivity. In the context of tumors, low G3BP1 levels enhance mTORC1-driven breast cancer cell motility and correlate with adverse outcomes in patients. Furthermore, G3bp1 inhibition in zebrafish disturbs neuronal development and function, leading to white matter heterotopia and neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, G3BPs are not only core components of SGs but also a key element of lysosomal TSC-mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ann-Sofie De Meulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS & ZBMZ Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Laura Brohée
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Bianca Berdel
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Suvagata Roy Chowdhury
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Alexander M Heberle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Birgit Holzwarth
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kedra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Katharina Kern
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrii Kopach
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ineke van 't Land-Kuper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Matylda Macias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Mark Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jose Miguel Ramos Pittol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michèle Reil
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anja Reintjes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Friederike Reuter
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Chloë Scheldeman
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium; Neurogenetics Research Group, VUB, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura E Thomas
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hannah D West
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Woltering
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justyna Zmorzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Cardona R, Cancel-Artau KJ, Carrasquillo OY, Martin-Garcia RF. Folliculocystic and Collagen Hamartoma: A Distinct Hamartoma Associated With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:67-70. [PMID: 32618706 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous disease characterized by cutaneous and extracutaneous hamartomas. Dermatologic evaluation is critical for early diagnosis because mucocutaneous manifestations account for 4 of 11 major and 3 of 6 minor diagnostic criteria. Folliculocystic and collagen hamartoma (FCCH) is a recently described entity associated with TSC. We herein describe the case of a 28-year-old woman with a history of TSC who presented with a scalp lesion present since childhood. Physical examination revealed a solitary, well-circumscribed exophytic tumor over the occipital scalp measuring 9 × 8 cm and covered with comedones and cyst-like structures. Biopsy of the lesion demonstrated thickening of the collagen bundles throughout the dermis, concentric perifollicular and perivascular fibrosis, an increased number of dilated vessels, and keratin-filled cysts lined by the infundibular epithelium. Clinicopathologic correlation was diagnostic for FCCH. The patient was referred for surgical excision. In addition, we review 11 other cases of FCCH previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Cardona
- Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR ; and
| | | | - Osward Y Carrasquillo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR ; and
| | - Rafael F Martin-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR ; and
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25
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Ting CY, Bettedi L, Kim K, Ghaniam E, Lilly MA. The Rag GTPase Regulates the Dynamic Behavior of TSC Downstream of Both Amino Acid and Growth Factor Restriction. Dev Cell 2020; 55:272-288.e5. [PMID: 32898476 PMCID: PMC7657977 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the metabolic regulator TOR complex I (TORC1) contributes to a wide array of human pathologies. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a potent inhibitor of TORC1. Here, we demonstrate that the Rag GTPase acts in both the amino-acid-sensing and growth factor signaling pathways to control TORC1 activity through the regulation of TSC dynamics in HeLa cells and Drosophila. We find that TSC lysosomal-cytosolic exchange increases in response to both amino acid and growth factor restriction. Moreover, the rate of exchange mirrors TSC function, with depletions of the Rag GTPase blocking TSC lysosomal mobility and rescuing TORC1 activity. Finally, we show that the GATOR2 complex controls the phosphorylation of TSC2, which is essential for TSC exchange. Our data support the model that the amino acid and growth factor signaling pathways converge on the Rag GTPase to inhibit TORC1 activity through the regulation of TSC dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yingbiao Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Ting
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucia Bettedi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kuikwon Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Ghaniam
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary A Lilly
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Gournay M, Dugay F, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Peyronnet B, Mathieu R, Verhoest G, Bensalah K, Odent S, Denizeau P, Vigneau C, Morini A, Rioux-Leclercq N, Kammerer-Jacquet SF. Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma in tuberous sclerosis complex: a distinct entity. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:793-799. [PMID: 32845354 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma (RCCLS) is an emerging entity frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We described herein a series of RCCLS in TSC patients at pathological and cytogenetic levels. Three male patients with TSC and RCCLS were identified between 2000 and 2019 at the University Hospital of Rennes. Histologically, the architecture was tubulo-papillary with thick bundles of smooth muscle cells. The tumor cells showed clear cytoplasm with eosinophilic globules. The immunohistochemical profile was identical with an intense positivity of CK7, CAIX, and CD10 and a heterogeneous positivity of CK20. SDHB was low but positive and TFE3 was not expressed. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) did not show any quantitative chromosome abnormality. No recurrence was observed with a median follow-up of 4 years. RCCLS in TSC patients has morphological, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic distinct features that could constitute a distinct entity and a sentinel manifestation for the diagnosis of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Gournay
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 2 rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Frédéric Dugay
- Department of Cytogenetics, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Benoit Peyronnet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Verhoest
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Karim Bensalah
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Department of Genetic, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Vigneau
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Morini
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 2 rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000, Rennes, France
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27
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Feng Y, Mischler WJ, Gurung AC, Kavanagh TR, Androsov G, Sadow PM, Herbert ZT, Priolo C. Therapeutic Targeting of the Secreted Lysophospholipase D Autotaxin Suppresses Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2751-2763. [PMID: 32393662 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multiorgan hamartomas, including renal angiomyolipomas and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). TSC2 deficiency leads to hyperactivation of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Phospholipid metabolism is dysregulated upon TSC2 loss, causing enhanced production of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species by TSC2-deficient tumor cells. LPC is the major substrate of the secreted lysophospholipase D autotaxin (ATX), which generates two bioactive lipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We report here that ATX expression is upregulated in human renal angiomyolipoma-derived TSC2-deficient cells compared with TSC2 add-back cells. Inhibition of ATX via the clinically developed compound GLPG1690 suppressed TSC2-loss associated oncogenicity in vitro and in vivo and induced apoptosis in TSC2-deficient cells. GLPG1690 suppressed AKT and ERK1/2 signaling and profoundly impacted the transcriptome of these cells while inducing minor gene expression changes in TSC2 add-back cells. RNA-sequencing studies revealed transcriptomic signatures of LPA and S1P, suggesting an LPA/S1P-mediated reprogramming of the TSC lipidome. In addition, supplementation of LPA or S1P rescued proliferation and viability, neutral lipid content, and AKT or ERK1/2 signaling in human TSC2-deficient cells treated with GLPG1690. Importantly, TSC-associated renal angiomyolipomas have higher expression of LPA receptor 1 and S1P receptor 3 compared with normal kidney. These studies increase our understanding of TSC2-deficient cell metabolism, leading to novel potential therapeutic opportunities for TSC and LAM. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies activation of the ATX-LPA/S1P pathway as a novel mode of metabolic dysregulation upon TSC2 loss, highlighting critical roles for ATX in TSC2-deficient cell fitness and in TSC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Feng
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William J Mischler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashish C Gurung
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor R Kavanagh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grigoriy Androsov
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary T Herbert
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Priolo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Valvezan AJ, McNamara MC, Miller SK, Torrence ME, Asara JM, Henske EP, Manning BD. IMPDH inhibitors for antitumor therapy in tuberous sclerosis complex. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135071. [PMID: 32271165 PMCID: PMC7205253 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in distinct preclinical tumor models have established the nucleotide synthesis enzyme inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) as a viable target for antitumor therapy. IMPDH inhibitors have been used clinically for decades as safe and effective immunosuppressants. However, the potential to repurpose these pharmacological agents for antitumor therapy requires further investigation, including direct comparisons of available compounds. Therefore, we tested structurally distinct IMPDH inhibitors in multiple cell and mouse tumor models of the genetic tumor syndrome tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC-associated tumors are driven by uncontrolled activation of the growth-promoting protein kinase complex mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), which is also aberrantly activated in the majority of sporadic cancers. Despite eliciting similar immunosuppressive effects, the IMPDH inhibitor mizoribine, used clinically throughout Asia, demonstrated far superior antitumor activity compared with the FDA-approved IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil (or CellCept, a prodrug of mycophenolic acid). When compared directly to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, mizoribine treatment provided a more durable antitumor response associated with tumor cell death. These results provide preclinical support for repurposing mizoribine, over other IMPDH inhibitors, as an alternative to mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of TSC-associated tumors and possibly other tumors featuring uncontrolled mTORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Valvezan
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Molly C. McNamara
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Spencer K. Miller
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret E. Torrence
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan D. Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Zadjali F, Kumar P, Yao Y, Johnson D, Astrinidis A, Vogel P, Gross KW, Bissler JJ. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Axis Controls Renal Extracellular Vesicle Production and Protein Content. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1729. [PMID: 32138326 PMCID: PMC7084746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) proteins regulate the conserved mTORC1 growth regulation pathway. We identified that loss of the Tsc2 gene in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD) cells induced a greater than two-fold increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) production compared to the same cells having an intact Tsc axis. We optimized EV isolation using a well-established size exclusion chromatography method to produce high purity EVs. Electron microscopy confirmed the purity and spherical shape of EVs. Both tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated that the isolated EVs possessed a heterogenous size distribution. Approximately 90% of the EVs were in the 100-250 nm size range, while approximately 10% had a size greater than 250 nm. Western blot analysis using proteins isolated from the EVs revealed the cellular proteins Alix and TSG101, the transmembrane proteins CD63, CD81, and CD9, and the primary cilia Hedgehog signaling-related protein Arl13b. Proteomic analysis of EVs identified a significant difference between the Tsc2-intact and Tsc2-deleted cell that correlated well with the increased production. The EVs may be involved in tissue homeostasis and cause disease by overproduction and altered protein content. The EVs released by renal cyst epithelia in TSC complex may serve as a tool to discover the mechanism of TSC cystogenesis and in developing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Daniel Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - John J. Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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30
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Broekaart DWM, van Scheppingen J, Anink JJ, Wierts L, van het Hof B, Jansen FE, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Kamphuis WW, de Vries HE, Aronica E, van Vliet EA. Increased matrix metalloproteinases expression in tuberous sclerosis complex: modulation by microRNA 146a and 147b in vitro. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:142-159. [PMID: 31183875 PMCID: PMC7217197 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) control proteolysis within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain. Dysfunction of this enzymatic system due to brain inflammation can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, this has not been extensively studied in the epileptogenic human brain. METHODS We investigated the expression and cellular localization of major MMPs (MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 and MMP14) and TIMPs (TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in resected epileptogenic brain tissue from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intractable epilepsy and prominent neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we determined whether anti-inflammatory microRNAs, miR146a and miR147b, which can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level, could attenuate dysregulated MMP and TIMP expression in TSC tuber-derived astroglial cultures. RESULTS We demonstrated higher mRNA and protein expression of MMPs and TIMPs in TSC tubers compared to control and perituberal brain tissue, particularly in dysmorphic neurons and giant cells, as well as in reactive astrocytes, which was associated with BBB dysfunction. More importantly, IL-1β-induced dysregulation of MMP3, TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4 could be rescued by miR146a and miR147b in tuber-derived TSC cultures. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of dysregulation of the MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in TSC, which is associated with BBB dysfunction. As dysregulated MMP and TIMP expression can be ameliorated in vitro by miR146a and miR147b, these miRNAs deserve further investigation as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. W. M. Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - L. Wierts
- Brendinn TherapeuticsAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - B. van het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. E. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - W. G. Spliet
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - P. C. van Rijen
- Department of NeurosurgeryRudolf Magnus Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - W. W. Kamphuis
- Brendinn TherapeuticsAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - H. E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)HeemstedeThe Netherlands
| | - E. A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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31
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Wang Y, Tang S, Wu Y, Wan X, Zhou M, Li H, Zha X. Upregulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) by hyperactivated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 is critical for tumor growth in tuberous sclerosis complex. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:965-977. [PMID: 31958214 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the benign tumor formation in multiple organs. The main etiology of TSC is the loss-of-function mutation of TSC1 or TSC2 gene, which leads to aberrant activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In this research, we found a significant increase of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) expression in Tsc1-/- and Tsc2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) compared with the control cells. Inhibition of mTORC1 led to a dramatic decrease of PFKFB3 expression, indicating PFKFB3 regulation by mTORC1. Moreover, suppression of mTORC1 inhibited the expression of PFKFB3 in rat uterine leiomyoma-derived Tsc2-null ELT3 cells and human tumor cells. Furthermore, we identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) as a mediator transmitting the signal from mTORC1 to PFKFB3. Depletion of PFKFB3 inhibited proliferation and tumorigenicity of Tsc1- or Tsc2-deficient cells. In addition, combination of rapamycin with PFK15, a PFKFB3 inhibitor, exerts a stronger inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of Tsc1- or Tsc2-null MEFs than treatment with single drug. We conclude that loss of TSC1 or TSC2 led to upregulated expression of PFKFB3 through activation of mTORC1/HIF-1α signaling pathway and co-administration of rapamycin and PFK15 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of TSC tumors as well as other hyperactivated mTORC1-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Tang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuncui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Nguyen LH, Mahadeo T, Bordey A. mTOR Hyperactivity Levels Influence the Severity of Epilepsy and Associated Neuropathology in an Experimental Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Focal Cortical Dysplasia. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2762-2773. [PMID: 30700531 PMCID: PMC6445990 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2260-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are focal malformations of cortical development (FMCDs) that are highly associated with intractable epilepsy. TSC and FCD are mTORopathies caused by a spectrum of pathogenic variants in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway genes leading to differential activation of mTOR signaling. However, whether the degree of mTOR hyperactivity influences disease severity remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of differential mTOR hyperactivity levels on epilepsy and associated neuropathology in a mouse model of TSC and FCD. Constitutively active Rheb (RhebCA), the canonical activator of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), was expressed in mouse embryos of either sex via in utero electroporation at low, intermediate, and high concentrations to induce different mTORC1 activity levels in developing cortical neurons. We found that RhebCA expression induced mTORC1 hyperactivation and increased neuronal soma size and misplacement in a dose-dependent manner. No seizures were detected in the low RhebCA mice, whereas the intermediate and high RhebCA mice displayed spontaneous, recurrent seizures that significantly increased with higher RhebCA concentrations. Seizures were associated with a global increase in microglial activation that was notably higher in the regions containing RhebCA-expressing neurons. These data demonstrate that neuronal mTOR hyperactivity levels influence the severity of epilepsy and associated neuropathology in experimental TSC and FCD. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of evaluating the outcome of individual variants on mTOR activity levels and support personalized medicine strategies based on patient variants and mTOR activity level for TSC, FCD, and potentially other mTORopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are epileptogenic cortical malformations caused by pathogenic variants in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway genes leading to differential mTOR hyperactivation. Here, we present novel findings that neuronal mTOR hyperactivity levels correlate with the severity of epilepsy and associated neuropathology in a mouse model of TSC and FCD. Our findings suggest the need to evaluate the outcome of individual variants on mTOR activity levels in clinical assessments and support personalized medicine strategies based on patient variants and mTOR activity level. Additionally, we present useful modifications to a previously described mouse model of TSC and FCD that allows for titration of seizure frequency and generation of a mild to severe epilepsy phenotype as applicable for preclinical drug testing and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angélique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Kuo CJ, Huang CC, Chou SY, Lo YC, Kao TJ, Huang NK, Lin C, Lin HC, Lin HC, Lee YC. Potential therapeutic effect of curcumin, a natural mTOR inhibitor, in tuberous sclerosis complex. Phytomedicine 2019; 54:132-139. [PMID: 30668362 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a polyphenol natural product of the plant Curcuma longa. Recent studies suggest that curcumin inhibit mTOR activity in vitro, which prompts us to investigate curcumin function as a new class of mTOR inhibitor suitable for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) treatment. PURPOSE We aim to investigate the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of TSC related manifestations in animal model. STUDY DESIGN Solid lipid curcumin particle (SLCP), a novel curcumin formulation, was used to treat TSC related manifestations in Tsc2 knockout mice. METHODS The novel object recognition test was used to analyze the recognition memory function. The long-term potentiation was studied using electrophysiological analysis. Western blotting was used to assess the protein expression and activation status. RESULTS Recognition memory deficit began as early as 4 weeks of age in both male and female Tsc2+/- mice. Oral administration with SLCP activates AMPK activity and inhibits mTOR activity in the brain tissue of Tsc2+/- mice, and can rescue the electrophysiological abnormality and object recognition memory loss in the mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLCP could be an effective treatment for TSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Jen Kuo
- Health Management Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yi Chou
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Kuei Huang
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Connie Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong St., Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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Maisel K, Merrilees MJ, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Lian L, Obraztsova K, Rue R, Vasserman AN, Zuo N, Angel LF, Gow AJ, Kang I, Wight TN, Eruslanov E, Swartz MA, Krymskaya VP. Immune Checkpoint Ligand PD-L1 Is Upregulated in Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:723-732. [PMID: 30095976 PMCID: PMC6293078 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0123oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a slow-progressing metastatic disease that is driven by mutations in the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2 (TSC1/2). Rapamycin inhibits LAM cell proliferation and is the only approved treatment, but it cannot cause the regression of existing lesions and can only stabilize the disease. However, in other cancers, immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade against PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 have shown promise in causing tumor regression and even curing some patients. Thus, we asked whether PD-L1 has a role in LAM progression. In vitro, PD-L1 expression in murine Tsc2-null cells is unaffected by mTOR inhibition with torin but can be upregulated by IFN-γ. Using immunohistochemistry and single-cell flow cytometry, we found increased PD-L1 expression both in human lung tissue from patients with LAM and in Tsc2-null lesions in a murine model of LAM. In this model, PD-L1 is highly expressed in the lung by antigen-presenting and stromal cells, and activated T cells expressing PD-1 infiltrate the affected lung. In vivo treatment with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly prolongs mouse survival in the model of LAM. Together, these data demonstrate that PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression may occur in LAM, and suggest new opportunities for therapeutic targeting that may provide benefits beyond those of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maisel
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mervyn J. Merrilees
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lurong Lian
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
| | - Kseniya Obraztsova
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
| | - Ryan Rue
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
| | | | - Ning Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Luis F. Angel
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew J. Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; and
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vera P. Krymskaya
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
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Abstract
New roles for Tsc1 and FNIP1/2 as regulators of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 were recently identified, demonstrating a broader cellular impact outside of AMPK-mTOR signaling. In studying the function of these proteins we must take a holistic view of the cell, instead of maintaining our focus on a single pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Zucco AJ, Pozzo VD, Afinogenova A, Hart RP, Devinsky O, D'Arcangelo G. Neural progenitors derived from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex patients exhibit attenuated PI3K/AKT signaling and delayed neuronal differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:149-163. [PMID: 30144504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, and is characterized by tumor susceptibility, brain lesions, seizures and behavioral impairments. The TSC1 and TSC2 genes encode proteins forming a complex (TSC), which is a major regulator and suppressor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling complex that promotes cell growth and proliferation. TSC1/2 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the subsequent complete loss of TSC regulatory activity in null cells causes mTORC1 dysregulation and TSC-associated brain lesions or other tissue tumors. However, it is not clear whether TSC1/2 heterozygous brain cells are abnormal and contribute to TSC neuropathology. To investigate this issue, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from TSC patients and unaffected controls, and utilized these to obtain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and differentiated neurons in vitro. These patient-derived TSC2 heterozygous NPCs were delayed in their ability to differentiate into neurons. Patient-derived progenitor cells also exhibited a modest activation of mTORC1 signaling downstream of TSC, and a marked attenuation of upstream PI3K/AKT signaling. We further show that pharmacologic PI3K or AKT inhibition, but not mTORC1 inhibition, causes a neuronal differentiation delay, mimicking the patient phenotype. Together these data suggest that heterozygous TSC2 mutations disrupt neuronal development, potentially contributing to the disease neuropathology, and that this defect may result from dysregulated PI3K/AKT signaling in neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery J Zucco
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Valentina Dal Pozzo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Alina Afinogenova
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabriella D'Arcangelo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
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McKenna J, Kapfhamer D, Kinchen JM, Wasek B, Dunworth M, Murray-Stewart T, Bottiglieri T, Casero RA, Gambello MJ. Metabolomic studies identify changes in transmethylation and polyamine metabolism in a brain-specific mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2113-2124. [PMID: 29635516 PMCID: PMC5985733 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder and the quintessential disorder of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) dysregulation. Loss of either causative gene, TSC1 or TSC2, leads to constitutive mTORC1 kinase activation and a pathologically anabolic state of macromolecular biosynthesis. Little is known about the organ-specific metabolic reprogramming that occurs in TSC-affected organs. Using a mouse model of TSC in which Tsc2 is disrupted in radial glial precursors and their neuronal and glial descendants, we performed an unbiased metabolomic analysis of hippocampi to identify Tsc2-dependent metabolic changes. Significant metabolic reprogramming was found in well-established pathways associated with mTORC1 activation, including redox homeostasis, glutamine/tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose and nucleotide metabolism. Changes in two novel pathways were identified: transmethylation and polyamine metabolism. Changes in transmethylation included reduced methionine, cystathionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-the major methyl donor), reduced SAM/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (cellular methylation potential), and elevated betaine, an alternative methyl donor. These changes were associated with alterations in SAM-dependent methylation pathways and expression of the enzymes methionine adenosyltransferase 2A and cystathionine beta synthase. We also found increased levels of the polyamine putrescine due to increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-determining enzyme in polyamine synthesis. Treatment of Tsc2+/- mice with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine, to reduce putrescine synthesis dose-dependently reduced hippocampal astrogliosis. These data establish roles for SAM-dependent methylation reactions and polyamine metabolism in TSC neuropathology. Importantly, both pathways are amenable to nutritional or pharmacologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKenna
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Kapfhamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas 75204, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas 75204, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael J Gambello
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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van Scheppingen J, Mills JD, Zimmer TS, Broekaart DWM, Iori V, Bongaarts A, Anink JJ, Iyer AM, Korotkov A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Baayen JC, Vezzani A, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes. Glia 2018; 66:1082-1097. [PMID: 29384235 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are important mediators of inflammatory processes in the brain and seem to play an important role in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Recent studies show that astrocytes produce several microRNAs, which may function as crucial regulators of inflammatory pathways and could be used as therapeutic target. We aim to study which miRNAs are produced by astrocytes during IL-1β mediated inflammatory conditions in vitro, as well as their functional role and to validate these findings in human epileptogenic brain tissue. Sequencing was used to assess miRNA and mRNA expression in IL-1β-stimulated human fetal astrocyte cultures. miRNAs were overexpressed in cell cultures using miRNA mimics. Expression of miRNAs in resected brain tissue from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex or temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis was examined using in situ hybridization. Two differentially expressed miRNAs were found: miR146a and miR147b, which were associated with increased expression of genes related to the immune/inflammatory response. As previously reported for miR146a, overexpression of miR147b reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and COX-2 after IL-1β stimulation in both astrocyte and tuberous sclerosis complex cell cultures. miR146a and miR147b overexpression decreased proliferation of astrocytes and promoted neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells. Similarly to previous evidence for miR146a, miR147b was increased expressed in astrocytes in epileptogenic brain. Due to their anti-inflammatory effects, ability to restore aberrant astrocytic proliferation and promote neuronal differentiation, miR146a and miR147b deserve further investigation as potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders associated with inflammation, such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Iori
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), The Netherlands
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Armstrong LC, Westlake G, Snow JP, Cawthon B, Armour E, Bowman AB, Ess KC. Heterozygous loss of TSC2 alters p53 signaling and human stem cell reprogramming. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4629-4641. [PMID: 28973543 PMCID: PMC5886307 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a pediatric disorder of dysregulated growth and differentiation caused by loss of function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which regulate mTOR kinase activity. To study aberrations of early development in TSC, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells using dermal fibroblasts obtained from patients with TSC. During validation, we found that stem cells generated from TSC patients had a very high rate of integration of the reprogramming plasmid containing a shRNA against TP53. We also found that loss of one allele of TSC2 in human fibroblasts is sufficient to increase p53 levels and impair stem cell reprogramming. Increased p53 was also observed in TSC2 heterozygous and homozygous mutant human stem cells, suggesting that the interactions between TSC2 and p53 are consistent across cell types and gene dosage. These results support important contributions of TSC2 heterozygous and homozygous mutant cells to the pathogenesis of TSC and the important role of p53 during reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Grant Westlake
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Snow
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan Cawthon
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eric Armour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Valvezan AJ, Turner M, Belaid A, Lam HC, Miller SK, McNamara MC, Baglini C, Housden BE, Perrimon N, Kwiatkowski DJ, Asara JM, Henske EP, Manning BD. mTORC1 Couples Nucleotide Synthesis to Nucleotide Demand Resulting in a Targetable Metabolic Vulnerability. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:624-638.e5. [PMID: 29056426 PMCID: PMC5687294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) supports proliferation through parallel induction of key anabolic processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis. We hypothesized that these processes are coupled to maintain anabolic balance in cells with mTORC1 activation, a common event in human cancers. Loss of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressors results in activation of mTORC1 and development of the tumor syndrome TSC. We find that pharmacological inhibitors of guanylate nucleotide synthesis have selective deleterious effects on TSC-deficient cells, including in mouse tumor models. This effect stems from replication stress and DNA damage caused by mTORC1-driven rRNA synthesis, which renders nucleotide pools limiting. These findings reveal a metabolic vulnerability downstream of mTORC1 triggered by anabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Valvezan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Turner
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amine Belaid
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Spencer K Miller
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly C McNamara
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Baglini
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hirokawa M, Miyauchi A, Kihara M, Kudo T, Hashimoto Y, Suzuki S, Daa T, Vuong HG, Mitsutake N. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma-like thyroid carcinoma: A novel clinicopathologic entity possibly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Endocr J 2017; 64:843-850. [PMID: 28680002 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report three cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma-like thyroid carcinoma as a novel clinicopathologic entity possibly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. A 15-year-old female, a 19-year-old male, and a 21-year-old male presented with primary thyroid carcinoma. Two of the patients had associated tuberous sclerosis complex. Macroscopically, the carcinomas showed invasive growth. Histologically, the carcinoma cells showed a trabecular pattern with thin vascular stroma, and were characterized by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with perinuclear clearing, a prominent cell border, a wrinkled nuclear membrane, and binucleation, which are all features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the carcinoma cells were positive for thyroglobulin, TTF1, and PAX8, and negative for CD10, calcitonin, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Vascular invasion was visible in all cases, but distant metastasis was not detected during follow-up. The original pathological diagnoses of the three cases were widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and oxyphilic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thus, the cases were similar to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex as they were characterized by histologic findings consistent with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, occurrence in an adolescent or young adult, and favorable prognosis regardless of the presence of vascular invasion and an infiltrating growth pattern resembling poorly differentiated carcinoma. The etiopathogenesis also seemed to suggest the presence of the tuberous sclerosis complex genetic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Kihara
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Cai Y, Guo H, Li HZ, Wang WD, Zhang YS. [MicroRNA differential expression profile in tuberous sclerosis complex cell line TSC2 -/- MEFs and normal cell line TSC2 +/+ MEFs]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:580-584. [PMID: 28816269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, but the molecular events contributing to TSC are not well understood. However, little is known about the role of microRNAs in TSC. To explore the microRNA differential expression profile between tuberous sclerosis complex cell line TSC2-/- MEFs and normal type cell line TSC2+/+ MEFs, and to provide new clues to study the mechanism of microRNA function in tuberous sclerosis complex. METHODS TSC2-/- MEFs and TSC2+/+ MEFs cell lines were cultured in vitro, each with three samples chosen as the experimental group and the control group respectively. Total RNA was isolated using TRizol and purified with RNeasy mini kit according to manufacturer's instructions. RNA quality and quantity were measured by using nanodrop spectrophotometer and RNA integrity was determined by gel electrophoresis. Total RNAs were extracted by TRizol, followed by RNA quantification and quality control. MicroRNA profiles were analyzed by microarray and the threshold value used to screen up-regulated more than 2-fold change or down-regulated less than 0.5-fold change compared with controls. Real-time PCR was used to validate the reliability of microarray. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation. RESULTS Fourteen microRNAs, including miR-18a-5p, miR-376c-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-467c-5p, miR-467b-5p, miR-5104, miR-3098-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-302b-3p, miR-18a-3p, miR-19b-1-5p, miR-19a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-155-5p, were up-regulated, while twenty-six microRNAs, including miR-200b-3p, miR-450a-1-3p, miR-542-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-10a-5p, miR-466c-5p, miR-450a-5p, miR-450b-5p, miR-542-3p, miR-351-5p, miR-322-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-351-3p, miR-155-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-1843a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-490-5p, miR-450a-2-3p, miR-322-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-450b-3p, were down-regulated in tuberous sclerosis complex cell line TSC2-/- MEFs compared with normal type cell line TSC2+/+ MEFs (P<0.05). Real-time PCR confirmed the expressions of miR-136-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-302b-3p, miR-10b-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-199a-5p consistent with the microarray data (P<0.05). Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-199a-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are differences in the expression of miRNA between the tuberous sclerosis complex cell line TSC2-/- MEFs and normal cell line TSC2+/+ MEFs. MiRNA-199a-5p plays an important role in tuberous sclerosis complex, which may be developed as an important molecular target for the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Guo
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Z Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W D Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y S Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare monogenic disorder characterized by benign tumors in multiple organs as well as a high prevalence of epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism. TSC is caused by inactivating mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Heterozygocity induces hyperactivation of mTOR which can be inhibited by mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, which have proven efficacy in the treatment of TSC-associated symptoms. The aim of the present study was (1) to identify molecular changes associated with social and cognitive deficits in the brain tissue of Tsc1+/- mice and (2) to investigate the molecular effects of rapamycin treatment, which has been shown to ameliorate genotype-related behavioural deficits. METHODS Molecular alterations in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of Tsc1+/- and control mice, with or without rapamycin treatment, were investigated. A quantitative mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic approach (LC-MSE) was employed as an unbiased method to detect changes in protein levels. Changes identified in the initial profiling stage were validated using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Protein Set Enrichment Analysis was employed to identify dysregulated pathways. RESULTS LC-MSE analysis of Tsc1+/- mice and controls (n = 30) identified 51 proteins changed in frontal cortex and 108 in the hippocampus. Bioinformatic analysis combined with targeted proteomic validation revealed several dysregulated molecular pathways. Using targeted assays, proteomic alterations in the hippocampus validated the pathways "myelination", "dendrite," and "oxidative stress", an upregulation of ribosomal proteins and the mTOR kinase. LC-MSE analysis was also employed on Tsc1+/- and wildtype mice (n = 34) treated with rapamycin or vehicle. Rapamycin treatment exerted a stronger proteomic effect in Tsc1+/- mice with significant changes (mainly decreased expression) in 231 and 106 proteins, respectively. The cellular pathways "oxidative stress" and "apoptosis" were found to be affected in Tsc1+/- mice and the cellular compartments "myelin sheet" and "neurofilaments" were affected by rapamycin treatment. Thirty-three proteins which were altered in Tsc1+/- mice were normalized following rapamycin treatment, amongst them oxidative stress related proteins, myelin-specific and ribosomal proteins. CONCLUSIONS Molecular changes in the Tsc1+/- mouse brain were more prominent in the hippocampus compared to the frontal cortex. Pathways linked to myelination and oxidative stress response were prominently affected and, at least in part, normalized following rapamycin treatment. The results could aid in the identification of novel drug targets for the treatment of cognitive, social and psychiatric symptoms in autism spectrum disorders. Similar pathways have also been implicated in other psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and could imply similar disease processes. Thus, the potential efficacy of mTOR inhibitors warrants further investigation not only for autism spectrum disorders but also for other neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wesseling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT UK
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA The Netherlands
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45
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Sarnat HB, Scantlebury MH. Novel Inflammatory Neuropathology in Immature Brain: (1) Fetal Tuberous Sclerosis, (2) Febrile Seizures, (3) α-B-crystallin, and (4) Role of Astrocytes. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017; 24:152-160. [PMID: 29103422 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Though the term "inflammation" is traditionally defined as proliferation or infiltration of lymphatic cells of the lymphatic immune system and macrophages or as immunoreactive proteins including cytokines, interleukins and major histocompatibility complexes, recently recognized reactions to tissue injury also are inflammation, often occurring in the central nervous system in conditions where they previously were not anticipated and where they may play a role in both pathogenesis and repair. We highlight 4 such novel inflammatory conditions revealed by neuropathologic studies: (1) inflammatory markers and cells in the brain of human fetuses with tuberous sclerosis complex and perhaps other disorders of the mechanistic target of rapamycin genetic or metabolic pathway, (2) inflammatory markers in the brain related to febrile seizures of infancy and early childhood, (3) heat-shock protein upregulation in glial cells and neurons at sites of chronic epileptic foci, and (4) the emerging role of astrocytes in the presence of and participation in inflammation. Novel evidence shows that cerebral inflammation plays a role in some genetic diseases as early as midgestation and thus is not always acquired postnatally or in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey B Sarnat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Lipton JO, Boyle LM, Yuan ED, Hochstrasser KJ, Chifamba FF, Nathan A, Tsai PT, Davis F, Sahin M. Aberrant Proteostasis of BMAL1 Underlies Circadian Abnormalities in a Paradigmatic mTOR-opathy. Cell Rep 2017; 20:868-880. [PMID: 28746872 PMCID: PMC5603761 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, whose products form a critical inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Loss of TSC1/2 gene function renders an mTOR-overactivated state. Clinically, TSC manifests with epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism, and sleep dysfunction. Here, we report that mouse models of TSC have abnormal circadian rhythms. We show that mTOR regulates the proteostasis of the core clock protein BMAL1, affecting its translation, degradation, and subcellular localization. This results in elevated levels of BMAL1 and a dysfunctional clock that displays abnormal timekeeping under constant conditions and exaggerated responses to phase resetting. Genetically lowering the dose of BMAL1 rescues circadian behavioral phenotypes in TSC mouse models. These findings indicate that BMAL1 deregulation is a feature of the mTOR-activated state and suggest a molecular mechanism for mitigating circadian phenotypes in a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O Lipton
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lara M Boyle
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Yuan
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin J Hochstrasser
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fortunate F Chifamba
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashwin Nathan
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter T Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 73590, TX 75390, USA
| | - Fred Davis
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wang LK, Chen X, Zhang CQ, Liang C, Wei YJ, Yue J, Liu SY, Yang H. Elevated Expression of TRPC4 in Cortical Lesions of Focal Cortical Dysplasia II and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:222-231. [PMID: 28455787 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are well-known causes of chronic refractory epilepsy in children. Canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are non-selective cation channels that are commonly activated by phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation. Previous studies found that TRPC4 may participate in the process of epileptogenesis. This study aimed to examine the expression and distribution of TRPC4 in FCD II (n = 24) and TSC (n = 11) surgical specimens compared with that in age-matched autopsy control samples (n = 12). We found that the protein levels of TRPC4 and its upstream factor, PLC delta 1 (PLCD1), were elevated in FCD II and TSC samples compared to those of control samples. Immunohistochemistry assays revealed that TRPC4 staining was stronger in malformed cells, such as dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells and giant cells. Moderate-to-strong staining of the upstream factor PLCD1 was also identified in abnormal neurons. Moreover, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that TRPC4 was colocalised with glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron markers. Taken together, our results indicate that overexpression of TRPC4 protein may be involved in the epileptogenesis of FCD II and TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Kang Wang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wei
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiong Yue
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Cao J, Tyburczy ME, Moss J, Darling TN, Widlund HR, Kwiatkowski DJ. Tuberous sclerosis complex inactivation disrupts melanogenesis via mTORC1 activation. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:349-364. [PMID: 27918305 DOI: 10.1172/jci84262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor-suppressor gene syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, and the TSC protein complex is an essential regulator of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Patients with TSC develop hypomelanotic macules (white spots), but the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation are not fully characterized. Using human primary melanocytes and a highly pigmented melanoma cell line, we demonstrate that reduced expression of either TSC1 or TSC2 causes reduced pigmentation through mTORC1 activation, which results in hyperactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), followed by phosphorylation of and loss of β-catenin from the nucleus, thereby reducing expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and subsequent reductions in tyrosinase and other genes required for melanogenesis. Genetic suppression or pharmacological inhibition of this signaling cascade at multiple levels restored pigmentation. Importantly, primary melanocytes isolated from hypomelanotic macules from 6 patients with TSC all exhibited reduced TSC2 protein expression, and 1 culture showed biallelic mutation in TSC2, one of which was germline and the second acquired in the melanocytes of the hypomelanotic macule. These findings indicate that the TSC/mTORC1/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin/MITF axis plays a central role in regulating melanogenesis. Interventions that enhance or diminish mTORC1 activity or other nodes in this pathway in melanocytes could potentially modulate pigment production.
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Samueli S, Abraham K, Dressler A, Gröppel G, Mühlebner-Fahrngruber A, Scholl T, Kasprian G, Laccone F, Feucht M. Efficacy and safety of Everolimus in children with TSC - associated epilepsy - Pilot data from an open single-center prospective study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:145. [PMID: 27809914 PMCID: PMC5094073 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy occurs in up to 90 % of all individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). In 67 % disease onset is during childhood. In ≥ 50 % seizures are refractory to currently available treatment options. The mTOR-Inhibitor Everolimus (Votubia®) was approved for the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) and renal angiomyolipoma (AML) in Europe in 2011. It's anticonvulsive/antiepileptic properties are promising, but evidence is still limited. Study aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Everolimus in children and adolescents with TSC-associated epilepsies. METHODS Inclusion-criteria of this investigator-initiated, single-center, open, prospective study were: 1) the ascertained diagnosis of TSC; 2) age ≤ 18 years; 3) treatment indication for Votubia® according to the European Commission guidelines; 4) drug-resistant TSC-associated epilepsy, 5) prospective continuous follow-up for at least 6 months after treatment initiation and 6) informed consent to participate. Votubia® was orally administered once/day, starting with 4.5 mg/m2 and titrated to achieve blood trough concentrations between 5 and 15 ng/ml. Primary endpoint was the reduction in seizure frequency of ≥ 50 % compared to baseline. RESULTS Fifteen patients (nine male) with a median age of six (range; 1-18) years fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 26 % (4/15) had TSC1, 66 % (10/15) had TSC2 mutations. In one patient no mutation was found. Time of observation after treatment initiation was median 22 (range; 6-50) months. At last observation, 80 % (12/15) of the patients were responders, 58 % of them (7/12) were seizure free. The overall reduction in seizure frequency was 60 % in focal seizures, 80 % in generalized tonic clonic seizures and 87 % in drop attacks. The effect of Everolimus was seen already at low doses, early after treatment initiation. Loss of efficacy over time was not observed. Transient side effects were seen in 93 % (14/15) of the patients. In no case the drug had to be withdrawn. CONCLUSION Everolimus seems to be an effective treatment option not only for SEGA and AML, but also for TSC-related epilepsies. Although there are potential serious side effects, treatment was tolerated well by the majority of patients, provided that patients are under close surveillance of epileptologists who are familiar with immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Samueli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia Dressler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Gröppel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franco Laccone
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mühlebner A, van Scheppingen J, Hulshof HM, Scholl T, Iyer AM, Anink JJ, van den Ouweland AMW, Nellist MD, Jansen FE, Spliet WGM, Krsek P, Benova B, Zamecnik J, Crino PB, Prayer D, Czech T, Wöhrer A, Rahimi J, Höftberger R, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Aronica E. Novel Histopathological Patterns in Cortical Tubers of Epilepsy Surgery Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157396. [PMID: 27295297 PMCID: PMC4905625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic hamartoma syndrome frequently associated with severe intractable epilepsy. In some TSC patients epilepsy surgery is a promising treatment option provided that the epileptogenic zone can be precisely delineated. TSC brain lesions (cortical tubers) contain dysmorphic neurons, brightly eosinophilic giant cells and white matter alterations in various proportions. However, a histological classification system has not been established for tubers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define distinct histological patterns within tubers based on semi-automated histological quantification and to find clinically significant correlations. In total, we studied 28 cortical tubers and seven samples of perituberal cortex from 28 TSC patients who had undergone epilepsy surgery. We assessed mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, the numbers of giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, neurons, and oligodendrocytes, and calcification, gliosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and myelin content. Three distinct histological profiles emerged based on the proportion of calcifications, dysmorphic neurons and giant cells designated types A, B, and C. In the latter two types we were able to subsequently associate them with specific features on presurgical MRI. Therefore, these histopathological patterns provide consistent criteria for improved definition of the clinico-pathological features of cortical tubers identified by MRI and provide a basis for further exploration of the functional and molecular features of cortical tubers in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanna M. Hulshof
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anand M. Iyer
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark D. Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G. M. Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel Krsek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charles University, Second Medical School, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Benova
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charles University, Second Medical School, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, Second Medical School, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter B. Crino
- Shriners Hospital Pediatric Research Center and Department of Neurology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Wöhrer
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Rahimi
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting voor Epilepsie in Nederland (SEIN), Hemstede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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