1
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Yin Y, Yu H, Wang X, Hu Q, Liu Z, Luo D, Yang X. Cytoophidia: a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:245. [PMID: 38300325 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide biosynthesis encompasses both de novo and salvage synthesis pathways, each characterized by significant material and procedural distinctions. Despite these differences, cells with elevated nucleotide demands exhibit a preference for the more intricate de novo synthesis pathway, intricately linked to modes of enzyme regulation. In this study, we primarily scrutinize the biological importance of a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism-cytoophidia. Cytoophidia, comprising cytidine triphosphate synthase or inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, is explored across diverse biological models, including yeasts, Drosophila, mice, and human cancer cell lines. Additionally, we delineate potential biomedical applications of cytoophidia. As our understanding of cytoophidia deepens, the roles of enzyme compartmentalization and polymerization in various biochemical processes will unveil, promising profound impacts on both research and the treatment of metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaohao Hu
- The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
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2
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Hassan AMS, Elfiky AA, Elgohary AM. Triple in silico targeting of IMPDH enzyme and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of both SARS-CoV-2 and Rhizopus oryzae. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:9-19. [PMID: 38294272 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mucormycosis has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections during the last year. The aim of this study was to triple-hit viral and fungal RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) and human inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Materials & methods: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to test nucleotide inhibitors (NIs) against the RdRps of SARS-CoV-2 and Rhizopus oryzae RdRp. These same inhibitors targeted IMPDH. Results: Four NIs revealed a comparable binding affinity to the two drugs, remdesivir and sofosbuvir. Binding energies were calculated using the most abundant conformations of the RdRps after 100-ns molecular dynamics simulation. Conclusion: We suggest the triple-inhibition potential of four NIs against pathogenic RdRps and IMPDH, which is worth experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Dokki, 12613, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Elgohary
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Dokki, 12613, Egypt
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3
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Calise SJ, O’Neill AG, Burrell AL, Dickinson MS, Molfino J, Clarke C, Quispe J, Sokolov D, Buey RM, Kollman JM. Light-sensitive phosphorylation regulates enzyme activity and filament assembly of human IMPDH1 retinal splice variants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.21.558867. [PMID: 37790411 PMCID: PMC10542554 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanosine triphosphate (GTP) synthesis and is controlled by feedback inhibition and allosteric regulation. IMPDH assembles into micron-scale filaments in cells, which desensitizes the enzyme to feedback inhibition by GTP and boosts nucleotide production. The vertebrate retina expresses two tissue-specific splice variants IMPDH1(546) and IMPDH1(595). IMPDH1(546) filaments adopt high and low activity conformations, while IMPDH1(595) filaments maintain high activity. In bovine retinas, residue S477 is preferentially phosphorylated in the dark, but the effects on IMPDH1 activity and regulation are unclear. Here, we generated phosphomimetic mutants to investigate structural and functional consequences of phosphorylation in IMPDH1 variants. The S477D mutation re-sensitized both variants to GTP inhibition, but only blocked assembly of IMPDH1(595) filaments and not IMPDH1(546) filaments. Cryo-EM structures of both variants showed that S477D specifically blocks assembly of the high activity assembly interface, still allowing assembly of low activity IMPDH1(546) filaments. Finally, we discovered that S477D exerts a dominant-negative effect in cells, preventing endogenous IMPDH filament assembly. By modulating the structure and higher-order assembly of IMPDH, phosphorylation at S477 acts as a mechanism for downregulating retinal GTP synthesis in the dark, when nucleotide turnover is decreased. Like IMPDH1, many other metabolic enzymes dynamically assemble filamentous polymers that allosterically regulate activity. Our work suggests that posttranslational modifications may be yet another layer of regulatory control to finely tune activity by modulating filament assembly in response to changing metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. John Calise
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Audrey G. O’Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anika L. Burrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Josephine Molfino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charlie Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Sokolov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rubén M. Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Justin M. Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Hishiki T, Morita T, Akazawa D, Ohashi H, Park ES, Kataoka M, Mifune J, Shionoya K, Tsuchimoto K, Ojima S, Azam AH, Nakajima S, Kawahara M, Yoshikawa T, Shimojima M, Kiga K, Maeda K, Suzuki T, Ebihara H, Takahashi Y, Watashi K. Identification of IMP Dehydrogenase as a Potential Target for Anti-Mpox Virus Agents. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0056623. [PMID: 37409948 PMCID: PMC10434032 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00566-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mpox virus (formerly monkeypox virus [MPXV]) is a neglected zoonotic pathogen that caused a worldwide outbreak in May 2022. Given the lack of an established therapy, the development of an anti-MPXV strategy is of vital importance. To identify drug targets for the development of anti-MPXV agents, we screened a chemical library using an MPXV infection cell assay and found that gemcitabine, trifluridine, and mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited MPXV propagation. These compounds showed broad-spectrum anti-orthopoxvirus activities and presented lower 90% inhibitory concentrations (0.026 to 0.89 μM) than brincidofovir, an approved anti-smallpox agent. These three compounds have been suggested to target the postentry step to reduce the intracellular production of virions. Knockdown of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of guanosine biosynthesis and a target of MPA, dramatically reduced MPXV DNA production. Moreover, supplementation with guanosine recovered the anti-MPXV effect of MPA, suggesting that IMPDH and its guanosine biosynthetic pathway regulate MPXV replication. By targeting IMPDH, we identified a series of compounds with stronger anti-MPXV activity than MPA. This evidence shows that IMPDH is a potential target for the development of anti-MPXV agents. IMPORTANCE Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the mpox virus, and a worldwide outbreak occurred in May 2022. The smallpox vaccine has recently been approved for clinical use against mpox in the United States. Although brincidofovir and tecovirimat are drugs approved for the treatment of smallpox by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, their efficacy against mpox has not been established. Moreover, these drugs may present negative side effects. Therefore, new anti-mpox virus agents are needed. This study revealed that gemcitabine, trifluridine, and mycophenolic acid inhibited mpox virus propagation and exhibited broad-spectrum anti-orthopoxvirus activities. We also suggested IMP dehydrogenase as a potential target for the development of anti-mpox virus agents. By targeting this molecule, we identified a series of compounds with stronger anti-mpox virus activity than mycophenolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hishiki
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akazawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Mifune
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Shionoya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kana Tsuchimoto
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aa Haeruman Azam
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakajima
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kawahara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
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5
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Liu SS, Li JS, Xue M, Wu WJ, Li X, Chen W. LncRNA UCA1 Participates in De Novo Synthesis of Guanine Nucleotides in Bladder Cancer by Recruiting TWIST1 to Increase IMPDH1/2. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2599-2612. [PMID: 37215997 PMCID: PMC10197894 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation has been identified as one of the hallmarks of cancer biology. Based on metabolic heterogeneity between bladder cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, we discovered several potential driving factors for the bladder cancer occurrence and development. Metabolic genomics showed purine metabolism pathway was mainly accumulated in bladder cancer. Long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (LncRNA UCA1) is a potential tumor biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and it increases bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the glycolysis pathway. However, whether UCA1 plays a role in purine metabolism in bladder cancer is unknown. Our findings showed that UCA1 could increase the transcription activity of guanine nucleotide de novo synthesis rate limiting enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), triggering in guanine nucleotide metabolic reprogramming. This process was achieved by UCA1 recruiting the transcription factor TWIST1 which binds to the IMPDH1and IMPDH2 promoter region. Increased guanine nucleotide synthesis pathway products stimulate RNA polymerase-dependent production of pre-ribosomal RNA and GTPase activity in bladder cancer cells, hence increasing bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We have demonstrated that UCA1 regulates IMPDH1/2-mediated guanine nucleotide production via TWIST1, providing additional evidence of metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jia-Shu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Mei Xue
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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6
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Darekar S, Laín S. Asymmetric inheritance of cytoophidia could contribute to determine cell fate and plasticity: The onset of alternative differentiation patterns in daughter cells may rely on the acquisition of either CTPS or IMPDH cytoophidia: The onset of alternative differentiation patterns in daughter cells may rely on the acquisition of either CTPS or IMPDH cytoophidia. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200128. [PMID: 36209393 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two enzymes involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides, CTP synthase (CTPS) and IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), can assemble into a single or very few large filaments called rods and rings (RR) or cytoophidia. Most recently, asymmetric cytoplasmic distribution of organelles during cell division has been described as a decisive event in hematopoietic stem cell fate. We propose that cytoophidia, which could be considered as membrane-less organelles, may also be distributed asymmetrically during mammalian cell division as previously described for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, because each type of nucleotide intervenes in distinct processes (e.g., membrane synthesis, glycosylation, and G protein-signaling), alterations in the rate of synthesis of specific nucleotide types could influence cell differentiation in multiple ways. Therefore, we hypothesize that whether a daughter cell inherits or not CTPS or IMPDH filaments determines its fate and that this asymmetric inheritance, together with the dynamic nature of these structures enables plasticity in a cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Darekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Chang CC, Peng M, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Keppeke GD, Sung LY, Liu JL. Molecular crowding facilitates bundling of IMPDH polymers and cytoophidium formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:420. [PMID: 35833994 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytoophidium is a unique type of membraneless compartment comprising of filamentous protein polymers. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo GTP biosynthesis and plays critical roles in active cell metabolism. However, the molecular regulation of cytoophidium formation is poorly understood. Here we show that human IMPDH2 polymers bundle up to form cytoophidium-like aggregates in vitro when macromolecular crowders are present. The self-association of IMPDH polymers is suggested to rely on electrostatic interactions. In cells, the increase of molecular crowding with hyperosmotic medium induces cytoophidia, while the decrease of that by the inhibition of RNA synthesis perturbs cytoophidium assembly. In addition to IMPDH, CTPS and PRPS cytoophidium could be also induced by hyperosmolality, suggesting a universal phenomenon of cytoophidium-forming proteins. Finally, our results indicate that the cytoophidium can prolong the half-life of IMPDH, which is proposed to be one of conserved functions of this subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiale Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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8
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Cleghorn WM, Burrell AL, Giarmarco MM, Brock DC, Wang Y, Chambers ZS, Du J, Kollman JM, Brockerhoff SE. A highly conserved zebrafish IMPDH retinal isoform produces the majority of guanine and forms dynamic protein filaments in photoreceptor cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101441. [PMID: 34813793 PMCID: PMC8688572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a key regulatory enzyme in the de novo synthesis of the purine base guanine. Dominant mutations in human IMPDH1 cause photoreceptor degeneration for reasons that are unknown. Here, we sought to provide some foundational information on Impdh1a in the zebrafish retina. We found that in zebrafish, gene subfunctionalization due to ancestral duplication resulted in a predominant retinal variant expressed exclusively in rod and cone photoreceptors. This variant is structurally and functionally similar to the human IMPDH1 retinal variant and shares a reduced sensitivity to GTP-mediated inhibition. We also demonstrated that Impdh1a forms prominent protein filaments in vitro and in vivo in both rod and cone photoreceptor cell bodies, synapses, and to a lesser degree, in outer segments. These filaments changed length and cellular distribution throughout the day consistent with diurnal changes in both mRNA and protein levels. The loss of Impdh1a resulted in a substantial reduction of guanine levels, although cellular morphology and cGMP levels remained normal. Our findings demonstrate a significant role for IMPDH1 in photoreceptor guanine production and provide fundamental new information on the details of this protein in the zebrafish retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Cleghorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anika L Burrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary S Chambers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan E Brockerhoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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9
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Modi G, Marqus GM, Vippila MR, Gollapalli DR, Kim Y, Manna AC, Chacko S, Maltseva N, Wang X, Cullinane RT, Zhang Y, Kotler JLM, Kuzmic P, Zhang M, Lawson AP, Joachimiak A, Cheung A, Snider BB, Rothstein DM, Cuny GD, Hedstrom L. The Enzymatic Activity of Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase May Not Be a Vulnerable Target for Staphylococcus aureus Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3062-3076. [PMID: 34590817 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, require inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for infection, making this enzyme a promising new target for antibiotics. Although potent selective inhibitors of bacterial IMPDHs have been reported, relatively few have displayed antibacterial activity. Here we use structure-informed design to obtain inhibitors of S. aureus IMPDH (SaIMPDH) that have potent antibacterial activity (minimal inhibitory concentrations less than 2 μM) and low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. The physicochemical properties of the most active compounds were within typical Lipinski/Veber space, suggesting that polarity is not a general requirement for achieving antibacterial activity. Five compounds failed to display activity in mouse models of septicemia and abscess infection. Inhibitor-resistant S. aureus strains readily emerged in vitro. Resistance resulted from substitutions in the cofactor/inhibitor binding site of SaIMPDH, confirming on-target antibacterial activity. These mutations decreased the binding of all inhibitors tested, but also decreased catalytic activity. Nonetheless, the resistant strains had comparable virulence to wild-type bacteria. Surprisingly, strains expressing catalytically inactive SaIMPDH displayed only a mild virulence defect. Collectively these observations question the vulnerability of the enzymatic activity of SaIMPDH as a target for the treatment of S. aureus infections, suggesting other functions of this protein may be responsible for its role in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Modi
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Gary M. Marqus
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Mohana Rao Vippila
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Health Building 2, 4849 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | | | - Youngchang Kim
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60667, United States
- The Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Adhar C. Manna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Shibin Chacko
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Natalia Maltseva
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60667, United States
- The Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xingyou Wang
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ryan T. Cullinane
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Judy L. M. Kotler
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Petr Kuzmic
- BioKin Ltd., Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Minjia Zhang
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ann P. Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60667, United States
- The Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60367, United States
| | - Ambrose Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Barry B. Snider
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - David M. Rothstein
- David Rothstein Consulting, LLC, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Gregory D. Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Health Building 2, 4849 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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10
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Hoffmann CV, Nevez G, Moal MC, Quinio D, Le Nan N, Papon N, Bouchara JP, Le Meur Y, Le Gal S. Selection of Pneumocystis jirovecii Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Mutants in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Implication of Mycophenolic Acid. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100849. [PMID: 34682270 PMCID: PMC8537117 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) targets the inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) of human lymphocytes. It is widely used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who, incidentally, are at risk for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We hypothesized that MPA exerts selective pressure on P. jirovecii microorganisms considering its in vitro antifungal activity on other fungi. Thus, we analysed impdh gene in P. jirovecii isolates from SOT recipients. P. jirovecii specimens from 26 patients diagnosed with PCP from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively examined: 10 SOT recipients treated with MPA and 16 non-SOT patients without prior exposure to MPA. The P. jirovecii impdh gene was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were aligned with the reference sequences retrieved from available P. jirovecii whole genomes. The deduced IMPDH protein sequences were aligned with available IMPDH proteins from Pneumocystis spp. and other fungal species known to be in vitro sensitive or resistant to MPA. A total of nine SNPs was identified. One SNP (G1020A) that results in an Ala261Thr substitution was identified in all SOT recipients and in none of the non-SOT patients. Considering that IMPDHs of other fungi, resistant to MPA, harbour Thr (or Ser) at the analogous position, the Ala261Thr mutation observed in MPA-treated patients was considered to represent the signature of P. jirovecii exposure to MPA. These results suggest that MPA may be involved in the selection of specific P. jirovecii strains that circulate in the SOT recipient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V. Hoffmann
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France; (C.V.H.); (D.Q.)
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d’Angers, Université de Brest, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France; (C.V.H.); (D.Q.)
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d’Angers, Université de Brest, 29238 Brest, France;
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (S.L.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)-2-98-14-51-02 (G.N. & S.L.G.); Fax: +33-(0)-2-98-14-51-49 (G.N. & S.L.G.)
| | - Marie-Christine Moal
- Département de Néphrologie, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France; (M.-C.M.); (Y.L.M.)
| | - Dorothée Quinio
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France; (C.V.H.); (D.Q.)
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d’Angers, Université de Brest, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Nathan Le Nan
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d’Angers, Université de Brest, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université de Brest, Université d’Angers, 49035 Angers, France; (N.P.); (J.-P.B.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université de Brest, Université d’Angers, 49035 Angers, France; (N.P.); (J.-P.B.)
| | - Yannick Le Meur
- Département de Néphrologie, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France; (M.-C.M.); (Y.L.M.)
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, Inserm, Labex IGO, 20609 Brest, France
| | - Solène Le Gal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France; (C.V.H.); (D.Q.)
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d’Angers, Université de Brest, 29238 Brest, France;
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (S.L.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)-2-98-14-51-02 (G.N. & S.L.G.); Fax: +33-(0)-2-98-14-51-49 (G.N. & S.L.G.)
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11
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Keppeke GD, Chang CC, Antos CL, Peng M, Sung LY, Andrade LEC, Liu JL. IMPDH forms the cytoophidium in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2021; 478:89-101. [PMID: 34048735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. Its activity is negatively regulated by the binding of GTP. IMPDH can form a membraneless subcellular structure termed the cytoophidium in response to certain changes in the metabolic status of the cell. The polymeric form of IMPDH, which is the subunit of the cytoophidium, has been shown to be more resistant to the inhibition by GTP at physiological concentrations, implying a functional correlation between cytoophidium formation and the upregulation of GTP biosynthesis. Herein we demonstrate that zebrafish IMPDH1b and IMPDH2 isoforms can assemble abundant cytoophidium in most of cultured cells under stimuli, while zebrafish IMPDH1a shows distinctive properties of forming the cytoophidium in different cell types. Point mutations that disrupt cytoophidium structure in mammalian models also prevent the aggregation of zebrafish IMPDHs. In addition, we discover the presence of the IMPDH cytoophidium in various tissues of larval and adult fish under normal growth conditions. Our results reveal that polymerization and cytoophidium assembly of IMPDH can be a regulatory machinery conserved among vertebrates, and with specific physiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Christopher L Antos
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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12
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Peng M, Chang CC, Liu JL, Sung LY. CTPS and IMPDH form cytoophidia in developmental thymocytes. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112662. [PMID: 34022203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoophidium, a filamentous structure formed by metabolic enzymes, has emerged as a novel regulatory machinery for certain proteins. The rate-limiting enzymes of de novo CTP and GTP synthesis, cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), are the most characterized cytoophidium-forming enzymes in mammalian models. Although the assembly of CTPS cytoophidia has been demonstrated in various organisms including multiple human cancers, a systemic survey for the presence of CTPS cytoophidia in mammalian tissues in normal physiological conditions has not yet been reported. Herein, we examine major organs of adult mouse and observe that CTPS cytoophidia are displayed by a specific thymocyte population ranging between DN3 to early DP stages. Most of these cytoophidium-presenting cells have both CTPS and IMPDH cytoophidia and undergo rapid cell proliferation. In addition, we show that cytoophidium formation is associated with active glycolytic metabolism as the cytoophidium-presenting cells exhibit higher levels of c-Myc, phospho-Akt and PFK. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2DG, however, disrupts most of cytoophidium structures and impairs cell proliferation. Our findings not only indicate that the regulation of CTPS and IMPDH cytoophidia are correlated with the metabolic switch triggered by pre-TCR signaling, but also suggest physiological roles of the cytoophidium in thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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13
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Kofuji S, Sasaki AT. GTP metabolic reprogramming by IMPDH2: unlocking cancer cells' fuelling mechanism. J Biochem 2021; 168:319-328. [PMID: 32702086 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing cells increase multiple biosynthetic processes in response to the high metabolic demands needed to sustain proliferation. The even higher metabolic requirements in the setting of cancer provoke proportionately greater biosynthesis. Underappreciated key aspects of this increased metabolic demand are guanine nucleotides and adaptive mechanisms to regulate their concentration. Using the malignant brain tumour, glioblastoma, as a model, we have demonstrated that one of the rate-limiting enzymes for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) synthesis, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-2 (IMPDH2), is increased and IMPDH2 expression is necessary for the activation of de novo GTP biosynthesis. Moreover, increased IMPDH2 enhances RNA polymerase I and III transcription directly linking GTP metabolism to both anabolic capacity as well as nucleolar enlargement historically observed as associated with cancer. In this review, we will review in detail the basis of these new discoveries and, more generally, summarize the current knowledge on the role of GTP metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kofuji
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0508, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave., OH 45267-0508, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, 3113 Bellevue Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0508, USA.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji 246-2, Mizukami, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
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14
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Lee S, Ku AF, Vippila MR, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Hedstrom L, Cuny GD. Mycophenolic anilides as broad specificity inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase ( IMPDH) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127543. [PMID: 32931912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a potential target for microorganisms. However, identifying inhibitor design determinants for IMPDH orthologs continues to evolve. Herein, a series of mycophenolic anilide inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum and human IMPDHs are reported. Furthermore, molecular docking of 12 (e.g. SH-19; CpIMPDH Ki,app = 0.042 ± 0.015 µM, HsIMPDH2 Ki,app = 0.13 ± 0.05 µM) supports different binding modes with the two enzymes. For CpIMPDH the inhibitor extends into a pocket in an adjacent subunit. In contrast, docking suggests the inhibitor interacts with Ser276 in the NAD binding site in HsIMPDH2, as well as an adjacent pocket within the same subunit. These results provide further guidance for generating IMPDH inhibitors for enzymes found in an array of pathogenic microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungheon Lee
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Health Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Angela F Ku
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Health Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Health Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mohana Rao Vippila
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Health Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Health Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Minjia Zhang
- Departments of Biology, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Xingyou Wang
- Departments of Biology, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Departments of Biology, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA; Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Health Building 2, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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15
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Ehren R, Schijvens AM, Hackl A, Schreuder MF, Weber LT. Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric patients: novel techniques and current opinion. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 17:201-213. [PMID: 33107768 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1843633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an ester prodrug of the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid (MPA) and is recommended and widely used for maintenance immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ and stem-cell transplantation as well as in immunological kidney diseases. MPA is a potent, reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a crucial enzyme in the de novo purine synthesis in T- and B-lymphocytes, thereby inhibiting cell-mediated immunity and antibody formation. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MMF is still controversial as outcome data of clinical trials are equivocal. Areas covered: This review covers in great depth the existing literature on TDM of MMF in the field of pediatric (kidney) transplantation. In addition, the relevance of TDM in immunological kidney diseases, in particular childhood nephrotic syndrome is highlighted. Expert opinion: TDM of MMF has the potential to optimize therapy in pediatric transplantation as well as in nephrotic syndrome. Limited sampling strategies to estimate MPA exposure increase its feasibility. Future perspectives rather encompass approaches reflecting total immunosuppressive load than single drug TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ehren
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne M Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Hackl
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz T Weber
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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16
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Neuberger M, Sommerer C, Böhnisch S, Metzendorf N, Mehrabi A, Stremmel W, Gotthardt D, Zeier M, Weiss KH, Rupp C. Effect of mycophenolic acid on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase ( IMPDH) activity in liver transplant patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:543-550. [PMID: 31924555 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the development of immunosuppressants, the focus in transplanted patients has shifted from short-term to long-term survival as well as a better adjustment of these drugs in order to prevent over- and under-immunosuppression. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a noncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and approved for prophylaxis of acute rejection after kidney, heart, and liver transplantation, where it has become a part of the standard therapy. Targeting inosine monophosphate IMPDH activity as a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker of MPA-induced immunosuppression may allow a more accurate assessment of efficacy and aid in limiting toxicity in liver transplanted patients. AIM Assess IMPDH-inhibition in liver transplant recipients and its impact on biliary/infectious complications, acute cellular rejection (ACR) and liver dependent survival. METHODS This observational cohort study comprises 117 liver transplanted patients that were treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for at least 3 months. Blood samples (BS) were collected and MPA serum level and IMPDH activity were measured before (t(0)), 30minutes (t(30)) and 2h after (t(120)) MMF morning dose administration. Regarding MPA, we assessed the area under the curve (AUC). Patients were prospectively followed up for one year and assessed for infectious and biliary complications, episodes of ACR and liver dependent survival. RESULTS The MPA levels showed a broad interindividual variability at t(0) (2.0±1.8ng/ml), t(30) (12.7±9.0ng/ml) and t(120) (7.5±4.3ng/ml). Corresponding IMPDH activity was at t(o) (23.2±9.5 nmol/h/mg), at t(30) (16.3±8.8 nmol/h/mg) and t(120) (18.2±8.7 nmol/h/mg). With regard to MPA level we found no correlation with infectious or biliary complications within the follow-up period. Patients with baseline IMPDH(a) below the median had significant more viral infections (6 (10.2%) vs. 17 (29.3%); P=0.009) with especially more cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (1 (3.4%) vs. 6 (21.4%); P=0.03)). Furthermore, patients with baseline IMPDH(a) above the median developed more often non-anastomotic biliary strictures (8 (13.6%) vs. 1 (1.7%), P=0.03). We found the group reaching the combined clinical endpoint of death and re-transplantation showing significantly lower MPA baseline values (t(0) 0.9±0.7 vs. 2.1±1.8μg/ml Mann-Whitney-U: P=0.02). We calculated a simplified MPA(AUC) with the MPA level at baseline, 30 and 120minutes after MPA administration. Whereas we found no differences with regard to baseline characteristics at entry into the study patients with MPA (AUC) below the median experienced significantly more often the combined clinical endpoint (12.1% (7/58) vs. 0.0% (0/57); P=0.002) and had a reduced actuarial re-transplantation-free survival (1.0 year vs. 0.58 years; Log-rank: P=0.007) during the prospective one-year follow-up period. In univariate and multivariate analysis including gender, age, BMI, ACR, MPA (AUC) and IMPDH(a) only BMI, MPA (AUC) and IMPDH(a) were independently associated with reduced actuarial re-transplantation-free survival. CONCLUSION MPA-levels and IMPDH-activity in liver transplanted patients allows individual risk assessment. Patients with higher IMPDH inhibition acquire more often viral infections. Insufficient IMPDH inhibition is associated with development of non-anastomotic bile duct strictures and reduced re-transplantation-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neuberger
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine IV, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sommerer
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Division of Nephrology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Böhnisch
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Division of Nephrology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Metzendorf
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Division of Nephrology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mehrabi
- University of Heidelberg, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Stremmel
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine IV, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Gotthardt
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine IV, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zeier
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Division of Nephrology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K H Weiss
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine IV, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Rupp
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine IV, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Pelletier J, Riaño-Canalias F, Almacellas E, Mauvezin C, Samino S, Feu S, Menoyo S, Domostegui A, Garcia-Cajide M, Salazar R, Cortés C, Marcos R, Tauler A, Yanes O, Agell N, Kozma SC, Gentilella A, Thomas G. Nucleotide depletion reveals the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint as a barrier against DNA damage. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103838. [PMID: 32484960 PMCID: PMC7327477 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oncogenes enhance nucleotide usage to increase ribosome content, DNA replication, and cell proliferation, but in parallel trigger p53 activation. Both the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint (IRBC) and the DNA damage response (DDR) have been implicated in p53 activation following nucleotide depletion. However, it is difficult to reconcile the two checkpoints operating together, as the IRBC induces p21‐mediated G1 arrest, whereas the DDR requires that cells enter S phase. Gradual inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme required for de novo GMP synthesis, reveals a hierarchical organization of these two checkpoints. We find that the IRBC is the primary nucleotide sensor, but increased IMPDH inhibition leads to p21 degradation, compromising IRBC‐mediated G1 arrest and allowing S phase entry and DDR activation. Disruption of the IRBC alone is sufficient to elicit the DDR, which is strongly enhanced by IMPDH inhibition, suggesting that the IRBC acts as a barrier against genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Pelletier
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ferran Riaño-Canalias
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Eugènia Almacellas
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Caroline Mauvezin
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV & University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Feu
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Menoyo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Domostegui
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia-Cajide
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Cortés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Tauler
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV & University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Agell
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara C Kozma
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Gentilella
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Thomas
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Freedman R, Yu R, Sarkis AW, Hedstrom L. A structural determinant of mycophenolic acid resistance in eukaryotic inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenases. Protein Sci 2019; 29:686-694. [PMID: 31675145 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potent natural product inhibitor of fungal and other eukaryotic inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDHs) originally isolated from spoiled corn silage. MPA is produced by the filamentous fungi Penicillium brevicompactum, which contains two IMPDHs, PbIMPDHA and PbIMPDHB, both of which are MPA-resistant. The MPA binding sites of these enzymes are identical to MPA-sensitive IMPDHs, so the structural determinants of resistance are unknown. Here we show that a single residue, Ser267, accounts for the MPA resistance of PbIMPDHA. Substitution of Ser267 with Ala, the residue most commonly found in this position in eukaryotic IMPDHs, makes PbIMPDHA sensitive to MPA. Conversely, Aspergillus nidulans IMPDH becomes MPA-resistant when the analogous Ala residue is substituted with Ser. These substitutions have little effect on the catalytic cycles of either enzyme, suggesting the fitness costs are negligible despite the strong conservation of Ala at this position. Intriguingly, while only 1% of fungal IMPDHs contain Ser or Thr at position 267, these residues are found in the IMPDHs from several Aspergillus species that grow at the low temperatures also favored by Penicillium. Perhaps Ser/Thr267 is an evolutionary signature of MPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Freedman
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Runhan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander W Sarkis
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
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19
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Trapero A, Pacitto A, Chan DSH, Abell C, Blundell TL, Ascher DB, Coyne AG. Covalent inactivation of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase ( IMPDH). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126792. [PMID: 31757668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in nucleotide biosynthesis. Because of its critical role in purine biosynthesis, IMPDH is a drug design target for immunosuppressive, anticancer, antiviral and antimicrobial chemotherapy. In this study, we use mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography to show that the inhibitor 6-Cl-purine ribotide forms a covalent adduct with the Cys-341 residue of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile IMPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Trapero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Pacitto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom.
| | - David B Ascher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Anthony G Coyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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20
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Camici M, Garcia-Gil M, Pesi R, Allegrini S, Tozzi MG. Purine-Metabolising Enzymes and Apoptosis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091354. [PMID: 31547393 PMCID: PMC6769685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymes of both de novo and salvage pathways for purine nucleotide synthesis are regulated to meet the demand of nucleic acid precursors during proliferation. Among them, the salvage pathway enzymes seem to play the key role in replenishing the purine pool in dividing and tumour cells that require a greater amount of nucleotides. An imbalance in the purine pools is fundamental not only for preventing cell proliferation, but also, in many cases, to promote apoptosis. It is known that tumour cells harbour several mutations that might lead to defective apoptosis-inducing pathways, and this is probably at the basis of the initial expansion of the population of neoplastic cells. Therefore, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of tumoural cells is key to predicting the possible success of a drug treatment and planning more effective and focused therapies. In this review, we describe how the modulation of enzymes involved in purine metabolism in tumour cells may affect the apoptotic programme. The enzymes discussed are: ectosolic and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidases, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenosine deaminase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, as well as recently described enzymes particularly expressed in tumour cells, such as deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Camici
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Fisiologia Generale, Via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Naffouje R, Grover P, Yu H, Sendilnathan A, Wolfe K, Majd N, Smith EP, Takeuchi K, Senda T, Kofuji S, Sasaki AT. Anti-Tumor Potential of IMP Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: A Century-Long Story. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1346. [PMID: 31514446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleotides ATP and GTP are essential precursors to DNA and RNA synthesis and fundamental for energy metabolism. Although de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis is increased in highly proliferating cells, such as malignant tumors, it is not clear if this is merely a secondary manifestation of increased cell proliferation. Suggestive of a direct causative effect includes evidence that, in some cancer types, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GTP biosynthesis, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), is upregulated and that the IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolic acid (MPA), possesses anti-tumor activity. However, historically, enthusiasm for employing IMPDH inhibitors in cancer treatment has been mitigated by their adverse effects at high treatment doses and variable response. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanistic role of IMPDH in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, as well as the development of IMPDH inhibitors with selective actions on GTP synthesis, have prompted a reappraisal of targeting this enzyme for anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the history of IMPDH inhibitors, the development of new inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs, and future directions and strategies to overcome existing challenges.
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22
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Mei-Jiao G, Shi-Fang L, Yan-Yan C, Jun-Jun S, Yue-Feng S, Ting-Ting R, Yong-Guang Z, Hui-Yun C. Antiviral effects of selected IMPDH and DHODH inhibitors against foot and mouth disease virus. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109305. [PMID: 31545264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an important pathogen that affects livestock breeding and causes huge economic losses worldwide. Currently, the development of antiviral agents to combat FMDV infection at the early stages is being explored. As viral replication critically depends on the host for nucleoside supply, host enzymes involved in nucleotides biosynthesis may represent potential targets for the development of antiviral agents. In the present study, the effects of IMP dehydrogenase (AVN-944 and mycophenolate mofetil) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (teriflunomide) inhibitors were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that these compounds were effective in suppressing FMDV (O/MY98/BY/2010 and A/GD/MM/2013) infection. With regard to the antiviral mechanism, time-of-addition experiments revealed that these compounds were effective when added at the early stages of viral lifecycle (0-8 h post infection). However, exogenous guanosine/uridine eliminated the antiviral activity of these compounds. Importantly, treatment AVN-944 and teriflunomide significantly improved the survival of mice that were subcutaneously treated with FMDV. Together, the results of the present study indicate the broad-spectrum activities of anti-FMDV agents targeting IMP dehydrogenase or dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which could be useful in developing strategies to prevent FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Mei-Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Li Shi-Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Chang Yan-Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Shao Jun-Jun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Sun Yue-Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Ren Ting-Ting
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhang Yong-Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Chang Hui-Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
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23
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Wolfe K, Kofuji S, Yoshino H, Sasaki M, Okumura K, Sasaki AT. Dynamic compartmentalization of purine nucleotide metabolic enzymes at leading edge in highly motile renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:50-56. [PMID: 31196624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is vital for biological systems at multiple levels, including biochemical reactions in metabolism. Organelle-based compartments such as mitochondria and peroxisomes sequester the responsible enzymes and increase the efficiency of metabolism while simultaneously protecting the cell from dangerous intermediates, such as radical oxygen species. Recent studies show intracellular nucleotides, such as ATP and GTP, are heterogeneously distributed in cells with high concentrations at the lamellipodial and filopodial projections, or leading edge. However, the intracellular distribution of purine nucleotide enzymes remains unclear. Here, we report the enhanced localization of GTP-biosynthetic enzymes, including inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH isotype 1 and 2), GMP synthase (GMPS), guanylate kinase (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase-A (NDPK-A) at the leading edge in renal cell carcinoma cells. They show significant co-localization at the membrane subdomain, and their co-localization pattern at the membrane is distinct from that of the cell body. While other purine nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes also show significant localization at the leading edge, their co-localization pattern with IMPDH is divergent. In contrast, a key glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, we found that plasma membrane localization of IMPDH isozymes requires active actin polymerization. Our results demonstrate the formation of a discrete metabolic compartment for localized purine biosynthesis at the leading edge, which may promote localized nucleotide metabolism for cell migration and metastasis in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Wolfe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Satoshi Kofuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mika Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Koichi Okumura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
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24
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Singh V, Pacitto A, Donini S, Ferraris DM, Boros S, Illyés E, Szokol B, Rizzi M, Blundell TL, Ascher DB, Pato J, Mizrahi V. Synthesis and Structure-Activity relationship of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine analogues as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IMPDH. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:309-29. [PMID: 31055147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease associated increasingly with drug resistance. Thus, new anti-tubercular agents with novel mechanisms of action are urgently required for the treatment of drug-resistant TB. In prior work, we identified compound 1 (cyclohexyl(4-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone) and showed that its anti-tubercular activity is attributable to inhibition of inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present study, we explored the structure–activity relationship around compound 1 by synthesizing and evaluating the inhibitory activity of analogues against M. tuberculosis IMPDH in biochemical and whole-cell assays. X-ray crystallography was performed to elucidate the mode of binding of selected analogues to IMPDH. We establish the importance of the cyclohexyl, piperazine and isoquinoline rings for activity, and report the identification of an analogue with IMPDH-selective activity against a mutant of M. tuberculosis that is highly resistant to compound 1. We also show that the nitrogen in urea analogues is required for anti-tubercular activity and identify benzylurea derivatives as promising inhibitors that warrant further investigation. Forty-eight analogues of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine were synthesized. Biochemical, whole-cell, and X-ray studies were performed to elucidate the IMPDH inhibition. Piperazine and isoquinoline rings were essential for target-selective whole-cell activity. Compound 47 showed improved IC50 against the MtbIMPDH and maintained on-target whole-cell activity. Compound 21 showed activity against IMPDH in both wild type M. tuberculosis and a resistant mutant of compound 1.
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25
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Alexandre T, Lupan A, Helynck O, Vichier-Guerre S, Dugué L, Gelin M, Haouz A, Labesse G, Munier-Lehmann H. First-in-class allosteric inhibitors of bacterial IMPDHs. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:124-32. [PMID: 30769241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an essential enzyme in many bacterial pathogens and is considered as a potential drug target for the development of new antibacterial agents. Our recent work has revealed the crucial role of one of the two structural domains (i.e. Bateman domain) in the regulation of the quaternary structure and enzymatic activity of bacterial IMPDHs. Thus, we have screened chemical libraries to search for compounds targeting the Bateman domain and identified first in-class allosteric inhibitors of a bacterial IMPDH. These inhibitors were shown to counteract the activation by the natural positive effector, MgATP, and to block the enzyme in its apo conformation (low affinity for IMP). Our structural studies demonstrate the versatility of the Bateman domain to accommodate totally unrelated chemical scaffolds and pave the way for the development of allosteric inhibitors, an avenue little explored until now.
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Keppeke GD, Calise SJ, Chan EKL, Andrade LEC. Ribavirin induces widespread accumulation of IMP dehydrogenase into rods/rings structures in multiple major mouse organs. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:130-135. [PMID: 30605724 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV) is a guanosine analogue triazole most commonly used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Although its mechanism of action is a matter of debate, several possibilities have been proposed, including depletion of guanine nucleotides through inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). IMPDH has been shown to assemble into micron-scale rod- and ring-shaped structures (rods/rings or RR), also called "IMPDH filaments," both in vitro and in vivo. Formation of RR structures can occur naturally, potentially to influence IMPDH activity, or when de novo guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis or IMPDH itself are inhibited by nutrient deprivation or drugs like RBV. Numerous studies have also reported the occurrence of autoantibodies targeting RR structures (anti-RR) in HCV patients previously treated or under treatment with interferon-α and ribavirin (IFN/RBV) combination therapy. For this brief study, we considered the strong association between RR autoantibodies and IFN/RBV treatment, and the lack of data assessing how RBV affects RR formation in a variety of tissues in vivo. First, RR structures formed in the spleen and pancreas of normal mice without any treatment. Then, in RBV-treated mice, we detected RR structures in a number of tissues, including stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, skin, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. We made several intriguing observations: predominance of RR structures in the mucosa and submucosa layers of the stomach wall; a high proportion of RR-positive cells in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that RBV actually crosses the blood-brain barrier; and a higher ratio of rings to rods in the epidermis compared to the dermis layer of the skin. Screening for RR structures appears to be a useful method to track tissue penetration of RBV and the many RR-inducing drugs previously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA
| | - Luis Eduardo C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
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27
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Calise SJ, Abboud G, Kasahara H, Morel L, Chan EKL. Immune Response-Dependent Assembly of IMP Dehydrogenase Filaments. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2789. [PMID: 30555474 PMCID: PMC6283036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the conversion of IMP to xanthosine monophosphate, the rate-limiting step in de novo guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthesis. In cultured cells, IMPDH polymerizes into micron-scale filamentous structures when GMP synthesis is inhibited by depletion of purine precursors or by various drugs, including mycophenolic acid, ribavirin, and methotrexate. IMPDH filaments also spontaneously form in undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hinting they might function in various highly proliferative cell types. Therefore, we investigated IMPDH filament formation in human and murine T cells, which rely heavily on de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis to rapidly proliferate in response to antigenic challenge. We discovered extensive in vivo IMPDH filament formation in mature T cells, B cells, and other proliferating splenocytes of normal, adult B6 mice. Both cortical and medullary thymocytes in young and old mice also showed considerable assembly of IMPDH filaments. We then stimulated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo with T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), or antibodies to CD3 and CD28 for 72 h. We detected IMPDH filaments in 40–60% of T cells after activation compared to 0–10% of unstimulated T cells. Staining of activated T cells for the proliferation marker Ki-67 also showed an association between IMPDH filament formation and proliferation. Additionally, we transferred ovalbumin-specific CD4+ T cells from B6.OT-II mice into B6.Ly5a recipient mice, challenged these mice with ovalbumin, and harvested spleens 6 days later. In these spleens, we identified abundant IMPDH filaments in transferred T cells by immunofluorescence, indicating that IMPDH also polymerizes during in vivo antigen-specific T cell activation. Overall, our data indicate that IMPDH filament formation is a novel aspect of T cell activation and proliferation, and that filaments might be useful morphological markers for T cell activation. The data also suggest that in vivo IMPDH filament formation could be occurring in a variety of proliferating cell types throughout the body. We propose that T cell activation will be a valuable model for future experiments probing the molecular mechanisms that drive IMPDH polymerization, as well as how IMPDH filament formation affects cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Georges Abboud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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28
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Sahu NU, Purushothaman G, Thiruvenkatam V, Kharkar PS. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Helicobacter pylori inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (Hp IMPDH) inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:125-132. [PMID: 30381846 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes a crucial step in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. Being a validated target for immunosuppressive, antiviral, and anticancer drug development, lately it has been exploited as a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. Extending our previous work on Mycobacterium tuberculosis IMPDH, GuaB2, inhibitor development, we screened a set of 23 new chemical entities (NCEs) with substituted flavone (Series 1) and 1,2,3-triazole (Series 2) core structures for their in vitro Helicobacter pylori IMPDH (HpIMPDH) and human IMPDH2 (hIMPDH2) inhibitory activities. All the NCEs possessed acceptable molecular, physicochemical, and toxicity property profiles. The ranges for HpIMPDH and hIMPDH2 inhibition were 9-99.9% and 16-57%, respectively, at 10 μM concentration. The most potent HpIMPDH inhibitor, 25c, exhibited IC50 value of 1.27 μM with no hIMPDH2 inhibitory activity. The moderately potent, structurally novel hit molecule, 25c, may serve as a lead for further design and development of highly potent HpIMPDH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niteshkumar U Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.,Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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29
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Shah CP, Kharkar PS. Discovery of novel human inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (h IMPDH2) inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:286-301. [PMID: 30223117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, and thus regulates the guanine nucleotide pool required for cell proliferation. Of the two isoforms, human IMPDH type 2 (hIMPDH2) is a validated molecular target for potential immunosuppressive, antiviral and anticancer chemotherapy. In search of newer hIMPDH2 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents, three novel series (A: 5-aminoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, B: 3,4-dimethoxyaniline and C: benzo[d]-[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethanamine) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and cell-based activities. A total of 37 molecules (29-65) were screened for their in vitro hIMPDH2 inhibition, with particular emphasis on establishing their structure-activity relationship (SAR) trends. Eight compounds (hits, 30, 31, 33-35, 37, 41 and 43) demonstrated significant enzyme inhibition (>70% @ 10 μM); especially the A series molecules were more potent than B series (<70% inhibition @ 10 μM), while C series members were found to be inactive. The hIMPDH2 IC50 values for the hits ranged from 0.36 to 7.38 μM. The hits displaying >80% hIMPDH2 inhibition (30, 33, 35, 41 and 43) were further assessed for their cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma), DU145 (prostate carcinoma), U87 MG (glioblastoma astrocytoma) and a normal cell line, NIH-3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) using MTT assay. Most of the compounds exhibited higher cellular potency against cancer cell lines and notably lower toxicity towards NIH-3T3 cells compared to mycophenolic acid (MPA), a prototypical hIMPDH2 inhibitor. Two of the series A hits (30 and 35) were evaluated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) assay and found to be better tolerated than MPA. The calculated/predicted molecular and physicochemical properties were satisfactory with reference to drug-likeness. The molecular docking studies clearly demonstrated crucial interactions of the hits with the cofactor-binding site of hIMPDH2, further providing critical information for refining the design strategy. The present study reports the design and discovery of structurally novel hIMPDH2 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents and provides a guide for further research on the development of safe and effective anticancer agents, especially against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400 056, India.
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30
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Huang F, Ni M, Chalishazar MD, Huffman KE, Kim J, Cai L, Shi X, Cai F, Zacharias LG, Ireland AS, Li K, Gu W, Kaushik AK, Liu X, Gazdar AF, Oliver TG, Minna JD, Hu Z, DeBerardinis RJ. Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Dependence in a Subset of Small Cell Lung Cancers. Cell Metab 2018; 28:369-382.e5. [PMID: 30043754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly lethal disease with few therapeutic options. We studied metabolic heterogeneity in SCLC to identify subtype-selective vulnerabilities. Metabolomics in SCLC cell lines identified two groups correlating with high or low expression of the Achaete-scute homolog-1 (ASCL1) transcription factor (ASCL1High and ASCL1Low), a lineage oncogene. Guanosine nucleotides were elevated in ASCL1Low cells and tumors from genetically engineered mice. ASCL1Low tumors abundantly express the guanosine biosynthetic enzymes inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 and -2 (IMPDH1 and IMPDH2). These enzymes are transcriptional targets of MYC, which is selectively overexpressed in ASCL1Low SCLC. IMPDH inhibition reduced RNA polymerase I-dependent expression of pre-ribosomal RNA and potently suppressed ASCL1Low cell growth in culture, selectively reduced growth of ASCL1Low xenografts, and combined with chemotherapy to improve survival in genetic mouse models of ASCL1Low/MYCHigh SCLC. The data define an SCLC subtype-selective vulnerability related to dependence on de novo guanosine nucleotide synthesis.
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Rother M, Gonzalez E, Teixeira da Costa AR, Wask L, Gravenstein I, Pardo M, Pietzke M, Gurumurthy RK, Angermann J, Laudeley R, Glage S, Meyer M, Chumduri C, Kempa S, Dinkel K, Unger A, Klebl B, Klos A, Meyer TF. Combined Human Genome-wide RNAi and Metabolite Analyses Identify IMPDH as a Host-Directed Target against Chlamydia Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:661-671.e8. [PMID: 29706504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr) accounts for >130 million human infections annually. Since chronic Ctr infections are extremely difficult to treat, there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutics. As an obligate intracellular bacterium, Ctr strictly depends on the functional contribution of the host cell. Here, we combined a human genome-wide RNA interference screen with metabolic profiling to obtain detailed understanding of changes in the infected cell and identify druggable pathways essential for Ctr growth. We demonstrate that Ctr shifts the host metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis, consistent with increased biomass requirement. We identify key regulator complexes of glucose and nucleotide metabolism that govern Ctr infection processes. Pharmacological targeting of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, efficiently inhibits Ctr growth both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the potency of genome-scale functional screening for the discovery of drug targets against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rother
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Center for Systems Biomedicine, Steinbeis Innovation, 14612 Falkensee, Germany
| | - Erik Gonzalez
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Teixeira da Costa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Wask
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabella Gravenstein
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matteo Pardo
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, Italian National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Matthias Pietzke
- Integrative Metabolomics and Proteomics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajendra Kumar Gurumurthy
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Angermann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Laudeley
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Center for Systems Biomedicine, Steinbeis Innovation, 14612 Falkensee, Germany
| | - Cindrilla Chumduri
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Integrative Metabolomics and Proteomics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Dinkel
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Sahu NU, Singh V, Ferraris DM, Rizzi M, Kharkar PS. Hit discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, GuaB2, inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1714-1718. [PMID: 29699922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global concern. There is an urgent need of newer antitubercular drugs due to the development of resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), guaB2, of Mtb, required for guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, is an attractive target for drug development. In this study, we screened a focused library of 73 drug-like molecules with desirable calculated/predicted physicochemical properties, for growth inhibitory activity against drug-sensitive MtbH37Rv. The eight hits and mycophenolic acid, a prototype IMPDH inhibitor, were further evaluated for activity on purified Mtb-GuaB2 enzyme, target selectivity using a conditional knockdown mutant of guaB2 in Mtb, followed by cross-resistance to IMPDH inhibitor-resistant SRMV2.6 strain of Mtb, and activity on human IMPDH2 isoform. One of the hits, 13, a 5-amidophthalide derivative, has shown growth inhibitory potential and target specificity against the Mtb-GuaB2 enzyme. The hit, 13, is a promising molecule with potential for further development as an antitubercular agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niteshkumar U Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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McCune JS, Storer B, Thomas S, McKiernan J, Gupta R, Sandmaier BM. Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Pharmacogenetics in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Patients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:1802-1807. [PMID: 29656138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) 1 and IMPDH2 pharmacogenetics in 247 recipient-donor pairs after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Patients were conditioned with total body irradiation + fludarabine and received grafts from related or unrelated donors (10% HLA mismatch), with postgraft immunosuppression of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with a calcineurin inhibitor. Recipient and donor IMPDH genotypes (rs11706052, rs2278294, rs2278293) were not associated with day 28 T cell chimerism, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), disease relapse, cytomegalovirus reactivation, nonrelapse mortality, or overall survival. Recipient IMPDH1 rs2278293 genotype was associated with a lower incidence of chronic GVHD (hazard ratio, .72; P = .008) in nonmyeloablative HCT recipients. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results with the goal of identifying predictive biomarkers to MMF that lower GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine S McCune
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California; Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Barry Storer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sushma Thomas
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jožefa McKiernan
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Valvezan AJ, Turner M, Belaid A, Lam HC, Miller SK, McNamara MC, Baglini C, Housden BE, Perrimon N, Kwiatkowski DJ, Asara JM, Henske EP, Manning BD. mTORC1 Couples Nucleotide Synthesis to Nucleotide Demand Resulting in a Targetable Metabolic Vulnerability. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:624-638.e5. [PMID: 29056426 PMCID: PMC5687294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) supports proliferation through parallel induction of key anabolic processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis. We hypothesized that these processes are coupled to maintain anabolic balance in cells with mTORC1 activation, a common event in human cancers. Loss of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressors results in activation of mTORC1 and development of the tumor syndrome TSC. We find that pharmacological inhibitors of guanylate nucleotide synthesis have selective deleterious effects on TSC-deficient cells, including in mouse tumor models. This effect stems from replication stress and DNA damage caused by mTORC1-driven rRNA synthesis, which renders nucleotide pools limiting. These findings reveal a metabolic vulnerability downstream of mTORC1 triggered by anabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Valvezan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Turner
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amine Belaid
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Spencer K Miller
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly C McNamara
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Baglini
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Tong X, Smith J, Bukreyeva N, Koma T, Manning JT, Kalkeri R, Kwong AD, Paessler S. Merimepodib, an IMPDH inhibitor, suppresses replication of Zika virus and other emerging viral pathogens. Antiviral Res 2017; 149:34-40. [PMID: 29126899 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has recently been linked to abnormal pregnancies, fetal death, microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. Merimepodib (MMPD, VX-497), a potent inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), has shown antiviral activity against HCV and a variety of DNA and RNA viruses in vitro. In this report, we expand the antiviral spectrum of MMPD, and demonstrate that MMPD inhibits ZIKV RNA replication with an EC50 of 0.6 μM. Furthermore, MMPD reduces the virus production of ZIKV as well as several other important emerging viral pathogens such as Ebola, Lassa, Chikungunya, and Junin viruses. The inhibition can be reversed by addition of exogenous guanosine to culture media, consistent with the mechanism of action of MMPD as an IMPDH inhibitor. We also provide evidence that MMPD can be used in combination with other antivirals such as ribavirin and T-705 (favipiravir) to enhance suppression of virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tong
- Trek Therapeutics, PBC, 125 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 301, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Jeanon Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Takaaki Koma
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John T Manning
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Raj Kalkeri
- Southern Research, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Ann D Kwong
- Trek Therapeutics, PBC, 125 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 301, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Yang H, Fang Z, Wei Y, Bohannan ZS, Gañán-Gómez I, Pierola AA, Paradiso LJ, Iwamura H, Garcia-Manero G. Preclinical activity of FF-10501-01, a novel inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 59:85-92. [PMID: 28599189 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FF-10501-01 is a selective inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor that has shown activity in cancer cell lines. We studied whether FF-10501-01 is effective in targeting a variety of hypomethylating agent (HMA)-sensitive and -resistant acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines. METHODS We treated multiple cell lines (including HMA-resistant cells) with FF-10501-01 and analyzed proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle status. We also assessed HMA-FF-10501-01 combinations and the ability of extracellular guanosine to rescue cell proliferation in FF-10501-01-treated cells. We performed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to study guanine nucleotide levels in treated and untreated cells. Finally, we studied the effects of FF-10501-01 in fresh peripheral blood cells taken from AML patients. RESULTS FF-10501-01 showed a strong dose-dependent effect on proliferation and induced apoptosis at approximately 30μM. The effects of FF-10501-01 treatment on cell cycle status were variable, with no statistically significant trends. Guanosine rescued proliferation in FF-10501-01-treated cells, and HPLC results showed significant decreases in phosphorylated guanosine levels in MOLM13 cells. FF-10501-01 effectively reduced proliferation at concentrations of 300μM and above in 3 primary AML samples. CONCLUSIONS FF-10501-01 effectively induces AML cell death and reduces AML peripheral blood cell proliferation by targeting guanine nucleotide biosynthesis regardless of HMA resistance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zachary S Bohannan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Irene Gañán-Gómez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ana Alfonso Pierola
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Hu J, Ma L, Wang H, Yan H, Zhang D, Li Z, Jiang J, Li Y. A novel benzo-heterocyclic amine derivative N30 inhibits influenza virus replication by depression of Inosine-5'-Monophospate Dehydrogenase activity. Virol J 2017; 14:55. [PMID: 28298229 PMCID: PMC5353780 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Influenza virus is still a huge threat to the world-wide public health. Host inosine-5'- monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) involved in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides, is known to be a potential target to inhibit the replication of viruses. Herein, we evaluated antiviral activity of a benzo-heterocyclic amine derivative N30, which was designed to inhibit IMPDH. RESULTS The results demonstrated that N30 inhibited the replication of H1N1, H3N2, influenza B viruses, including oseltamivir and amantadine resistant strains in vitro. Mechanistically, neuraminidase inhibition assay and hemagglutination inhibition assay suggested that N30 did not directly target the two envelope glycoproteins required for viral adsorption or release. Instead, the compound could depress the activity of IMPDH type II. Based on these findings, we further confirmed that N30 provided a strong inhibition on the replication of respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, enterovirus 71 and a diverse strains of coxsackie B virus. CONCLUSIONS We identified the small molecule N30, as an inhibitor of IMPDH, might be a potential candidate to inhibit the replication of various viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Cuny GD, Suebsuwong C, Ray SS. Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase ( IMPDH) inhibitors: a patent and scientific literature review (2002-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:677-690. [PMID: 28074661 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1280463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. To date human IMPDH inhibitors have been approved for prevention of organ transplant rejection and as anti-viral agents. More recently, the use of IMPDH inhibitors for other indications including cancer and pathogenic microorganisms has been pursued. Areas covered: IMPDH inhibitors disclosed primarily in the patent and scientific literature from 2002 to the present are discussed. Several interesting chemotypes that have not been pursued by patent protection are also highlighted. Expert opinion: Progress has been made in the development of IMPDH inhibitors, particularly compounds that are structurally distinct from mycophenolic acid and nucleoside-based inhibitors. However, clinical progression has been hampered primarily by a limited understanding of the enzyme's role in disease pathophysiology. Finally, most of the IMPDH inhibitors developed over the past fourteen years fall within a relatively narrow set of chemotypes. This provides opportunities for expanding IMPDH inhibitor chemical space to further evaluate this class of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Cuny
- a Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
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Singh V, Donini S, Pacitto A, Sala C, Hartkoorn RC, Dhar N, Keri G, Ascher DB, Mondésert G, Vocat A, Lupien A, Sommer R, Vermet H, Lagrange S, Buechler J, Warner D, McKinney JD, Pato J, Cole ST, Blundell TL, Rizzi M, Mizrahi V. The Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase, GuaB2, Is a Vulnerable New Bactericidal Drug Target for Tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:5-17. [PMID: 27726334 PMCID: PMC5241705 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
VCC234718, a molecule with growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), was identified by phenotypic screening of a 15344-compound library. Sequencing of a VCC234718-resistant mutant identified a Y487C substitution in the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, GuaB2, which was subsequently validated to be the primary molecular target of VCC234718 in Mtb. VCC234718 inhibits Mtb GuaB2 with a Ki of 100 nM and is uncompetitive with respect to IMP and NAD+. This compound binds at the NAD+ site, after IMP has bound, and makes direct interactions with IMP; therefore, the inhibitor is by definition uncompetitive. VCC234718 forms strong pi interactions with the Y487 residue side chain from the adjacent protomer in the tetramer, explaining the resistance-conferring mutation. In addition to sensitizing Mtb to VCC234718, depletion of GuaB2 was bactericidal in Mtb in vitro and in macrophages. When supplied at a high concentration (≥125 μM), guanine alleviated the toxicity of VCC234718 treatment or GuaB2 depletion via purine salvage. However, transcriptional silencing of guaB2 prevented Mtb from establishing an infection in mice, confirming that Mtb has limited access to guanine in this animal model. Together, these data provide compelling validation of GuaB2 as a new tuberculosis drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Singh
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology
Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB
Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine &
Department of Pathology, University of Cape
Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Stefano Donini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Angela Pacitto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Sala
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gyorgy Keri
- Vichem
Chemie, Herman Ottó
út 15, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
| | - David B. Ascher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Mondésert
- Sanofi-Aventis Research
& Development, Infectious Diseases Unit,
Biology Group, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andréanne Lupien
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Sommer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Vermet
- Sanofi-Aventis Research
& Development, Infectious Diseases Unit,
Biology Group, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Sophie Lagrange
- Sanofi-Aventis Research
& Development, Infectious Diseases Unit,
Biology Group, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Joe Buechler
- Alere (San Diego), Summer Ridge Road, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Digby
F. Warner
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology
Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB
Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine &
Department of Pathology, University of Cape
Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - John D. McKinney
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janos Pato
- Vichem
Chemie, Herman Ottó
út 15, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology
Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB
Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine &
Department of Pathology, University of Cape
Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
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Park Y, Pacitto A, Bayliss T, Cleghorn LAT, Wang Z, Hartman T, Arora K, Ioerger TR, Sacchettini J, Rizzi M, Donini S, Blundell TL, Ascher DB, Rhee K, Breda A, Zhou N, Dartois V, Jonnala SR, Via LE, Mizrahi V, Epemolu O, Stojanovski L, Simeons F, Osuna-Cabello M, Ellis L, MacKenzie CJ, Smith ARC, Davis SH, Murugesan D, Buchanan KI, Turner PA, Huggett M, Zuccotto F, Rebollo-Lopez MJ, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Sanz O, Diaz GS, Lelièvre J, Ballell L, Selenski C, Axtman M, Ghidelli-Disse S, Pflaumer H, Bösche M, Drewes G, Freiberg GM, Kurnick MD, Srikumaran M, Kempf DJ, Green SR, Ray PC, Read K, Wyatt P, Barry CE, Boshoff HI. Essential but Not Vulnerable: Indazole Sulfonamides Targeting Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase as Potential Leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:18-33. [PMID: 27704782 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A potent, noncytotoxic indazole sulfonamide was identified by high-throughput screening of >100,000 synthetic compounds for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This noncytotoxic compound did not directly inhibit cell wall biogenesis but triggered a slow lysis of Mtb cells as measured by release of intracellular green fluorescent protein (GFP). Isolation of resistant mutants followed by whole-genome sequencing showed an unusual gene amplification of a 40 gene region spanning from Rv3371 to Rv3411c and in one case a potential promoter mutation upstream of guaB2 (Rv3411c) encoding inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Subsequent biochemical validation confirmed direct inhibition of IMPDH by an uncompetitive mode of inhibition, and growth inhibition could be rescued by supplementation with guanine, a bypass mechanism for the IMPDH pathway. Beads containing immobilized indazole sulfonamides specifically interacted with IMPDH in cell lysates. X-ray crystallography of the IMPDH-IMP-inhibitor complex revealed that the primary interactions of these compounds with IMPDH were direct pi-pi interactions with the IMP substrate. Advanced lead compounds in this series with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties failed to show efficacy in acute or chronic murine models of tuberculosis (TB). Time-kill experiments in vitro suggest that sustained exposure to drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 24 h were required for a cidal effect, levels that have been difficult to achieve in vivo. Direct measurement of guanine levels in resected lung tissue from tuberculosis-infected animals and patients revealed 0.5-2 mM concentrations in caseum and normal lung tissue. The high lesional levels of guanine and the slow lytic, growth-rate-dependent effect of IMPDH inhibition pose challenges to developing drugs against this target for use in treating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Park
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Angela Pacitto
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Bayliss
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A. T. Cleghorn
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Travis Hartman
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jim Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio
6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Donini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio
6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Ascher
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Kyu Rhee
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ardala Breda
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Veronique Dartois
- Public
Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Surendranadha Reddy Jonnala
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Simeons
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ellis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. MacKenzie
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair R. C. Smith
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Susan H. Davis
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dinakaran Murugesan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsteen I. Buchanan
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope A. Turner
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Huggett
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jose Rebollo-Lopez
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olalla Sanz
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Santos Diaz
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases
of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Selenski
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Crescent Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, United States
| | - Matthew Axtman
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Crescent Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, United States
| | - Sonja Ghidelli-Disse
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Pflaumer
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bösche
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome
GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gail M. Freiberg
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Matthew D. Kurnick
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Myron Srikumaran
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- AbbVie Molecular Characterization, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Simon R. Green
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Ray
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wyatt
- Drug
Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
- MRC/NHLS/UCT
Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3206, United States
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Beringer A, Citterio-Quentin A, Otero RO, Gustin C, Clarke R, Salvi JP, Boulieu R. Determination of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in red blood cells of thiopurine-treated patients using HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:194-199. [PMID: 28110955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thiopurine drugs are commonly used in immune diseases and to a lesser extent, in transplant rejection prophylaxis: however interindividual variability in drug response and in the occurrence of adverse events is observed. Genetic variation in thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) doesn't completely explain the occurrence of all adverse events and drug response variability. The potential implication of other enzymes involved in thiopurine metabolism, such as ITPA, has been investigated over the last decade but little data is available on inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) in patients treated with thiopurine drugs. The authors reported a HPLC method to determine IMPDH activity in the red blood cells (RBCs) of thiopurine-treated patients. IMPDH activity was evaluated by enzymatic conversion of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP). The XMP formed was analyzed on a Luna® NH2 stationary phase, a weak anion exchange phase that exhibits both ionic and hydrophobic properties. XMP was eluted below 15min. Intra-assay and inter-assay precisions were below 9% for RBCs supplemented with 2, 40 and 80μmol/L of XMP. IMPDH activity was measured in adults without thiopurine treatment as well as in adult and paediatric patients treated with thiopurines. A wide interindividual variability in IMPDH activity in RBCs was observed. No difference in IMPDH activity was found between untreated subjects and adult and paediatric patients on thiopurine therapy (median value 11.8, 7.9 and 7.7nmol XPM/g Hb/h respectively). The method described is useful in the determination of IMPDH phenotype from patients on thiopurine therapy and in the investigation of the potential relationship between IMPDH activity in RBCs and the occurrence of adverse events and drug response variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beringer
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du CHU de Lyon, unité de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Lyon, France
| | - Antony Citterio-Quentin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du CHU de Lyon, unité de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Lyon, France
| | - Rebeca Obenza Otero
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France
| | - Clémence Gustin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du CHU de Lyon, unité de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Lyon, France
| | - Rebecca Clarke
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-Paul Salvi
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France
| | - Roselyne Boulieu
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5305, Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacocinétique et Evaluation du Médicament, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du CHU de Lyon, unité de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Lyon, France.
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42
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Chang CC, Lin WC, Pai LM, Lee HS, Wu SC, Ding ST, Liu JL, Sung LY. Cytoophidium assembly reflects upregulation of IMPDH activity. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3550-5. [PMID: 26303200 PMCID: PMC4610212 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) (both of which have two isoforms) can form fiber-like subcellular structures termed 'cytoophidia' under certain circumstances in mammalian cells. Although it has been shown that filamentation of CTPS downregulates its activity by disturbing conformational changes, the activity of IMPDH within cytoophidia is still unclear. Most previous IMPDH cytoophidium studies were performed under conditions involving inhibitors that impair GTP synthesis. Here, we show that IMPDH forms cytoophidia without inhibition of GTP synthesis. First, we find that an elevated intracellular CTP concentration or treatment with 3'-deazauridine, a CTPS inhibitor, promotes IMPDH cytoophidium formation and increases the intracellular GTP pool size. Moreover, restriction of cell growth triggers the disassembly of IMPDH cytoophidia, implying that their presence is correlated with active cell metabolism. Finally, we show that the presence of IMPDH cytoophidia in mouse pancreatic islet cells might correlate with nutrient uptake in the animal. Collectively, our findings reveal that formation of IMPDH cytoophidia reflects upregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis, suggesting that the IMPDH cytoophidium plays a role distinct from that of the CTPS cytoophidium in controlling intracellular nucleotide homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Lin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Pai
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
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43
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Li RJ, Wang YL, Wang QH, Huang WX, Wang J, Cheng MS. Binding mode of inhibitors and Cryptosporidium parvum IMP dehydrogenase: A combined ligand- and receptor-based study. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2015; 26:421-438. [PMID: 25978645 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1043341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A combined ligand- and target-based approach was used to analyse the interaction models of Cryptosporidium parvum inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (CpIMPDH) with selective inhibitors. First, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was generated from 20 NAD(+) competitive CpIMPDH inhibitors with the HipHop module. The characteristic of the NAD(+) binding site of CpIMPDH was then described, and the binding modes of the representative inhibitors were studied by molecular docking. The combination of the pharmacophore model and the docking results allowed us to evaluate the pharmacophore features and structural information of the NAD(+) binding site of CpIMPDH. This research supports the proposal of an interaction model inside the NAD(+) binding site of CpIMPDH, consisting of four key interaction points: two hydrophobic-aromatic groups, a hydrophobic-aliphatic group and a hydrogen bond donor. This study also provides guidance for the design of more potent CpIMPDH inhibitors for the treatment of Cryptosporidium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-J Li
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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44
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Pitaluga AN, Moreira MEC, Traub-Csekö YM. A putative role for inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase ( IMPDH) in Leishmania amazonensis programmed cell death. Exp Parasitol 2014; 149:32-8. [PMID: 25499513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis undergoes apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) under heat shock conditions. We identified a potential role for inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) in L. amazonensis PCD. Trypanosomatids do not have a "de novo" purine synthesis pathway, relying on the salvage pathway for survival. IMPDH, a key enzyme in the purine nucleotide pathway, is related to cell growth and apoptosis. Since guanine nucleotide depletion triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several organisms we analyzed the correlation between IMPDH and apoptosis-like death in L. amazonensis. The L. amazonensis IMPDH inhibition effect on PCD was evaluated through gene expression analysis, mitochondrial depolarization and detection of Annexin-V labeled parasites. We demonstrated a down-regulation of impdh expression under heat shock treatment, which mimics the natural mammalian host infection. Also, IMPDH inhibitors ribavirin and mycophenolic acid (MPA) prevented cell growth and generated an apoptosis-like phenotype in sub-populations of L. amazonensis promastigotes. Our results are in accordance with previous results showing that a subpopulation of parasites undergoes apoptosis-like cell death in the nutrient poor environment of the vector gut. Here, we suggest the involvement of purine metabolism in previously observed apoptosis-like cell death during Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Pitaluga
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - M E C Moreira
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y M Traub-Csekö
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jefferies R, Yang R, Woh CK, Weldt T, Milech N, Estcourt A, Armstrong T, Hopkins R, Watt P, Reid S, Armson A, Ryan UM. Target validation of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase ( IMPDH) gene in Cryptosporidium using Phylomer(®) peptides. Exp Parasitol 2014; 148:40-8. [PMID: 25447124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis, a gastroenteric disease characterised mainly by diarrheal illnesses in humans and mammals is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. Treatment options for cryptosporidiosis are limited, with the current therapeutic nitazoxanide, only partly efficacious in immunocompetent individuals. The parasite lacks de novo purine synthesis, and is exclusively dependant on purine salvage from its host. Inhibition of the inosine 5' monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a purine salvage enzyme that is essential for DNA synthesis, thereby offers a potential drug target against this parasite. In the present study, a yeast-two-hybrid system was used to identify Phylomer peptides within a library constructed from the genomes of 25 phylogenetically diverse bacteria that targeted the IMPDH of Cryptosporidium parvum (IMPcp) and Cryptosporidium hominis (IMPch). We identified 38 unique interacting Phylomers, of which, 12 were synthesised and screened against C. parvum in vitro. Two Phylomers exhibited significant growth inhibition (81.2-83.8% inhibition; P < 0.05), one of which consistently exhibited positive interactions with IMPcp and IMPch during primary and recapitulation yeast two-hybrid screening and did not interact with either of the human IMPDH proteins. The present study highlightsthe potential of Phylomer peptides as target validation tools for Cryptosporidium and other organisms and diseases because of their ability to bind with high affinity to target proteins and disrupt function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jefferies
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia; Phylogica, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Yang
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C K Woh
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia; Phylogica, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T Weldt
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Milech
- Phylogica, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Estcourt
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T Armstrong
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Hopkins
- Phylogica, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P Watt
- Phylogica, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S Reid
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Armson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - U M Ryan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.
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Skardelly M, Glien A, Groba C, Schlichting N, Kamprad M, Meixensberger J, Milosevic J. The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on neural stem/progenitor cell fate in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3170-81. [PMID: 24001738 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In allogenic and xenogenic transplantation, adequate immunosuppression plays a major role in graft survival, especially over the long term. The effect of immunosuppressive drugs on neural stem/progenitor cell fate has not been sufficiently explored. The focus of this study is to systematically investigate the effects of the following four different immunotherapeutic strategies on human neural progenitor cell survival/death, proliferation, metabolic activity, differentiation and migration in vitro: (1) cyclosporine A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor; (2) everolimus (RAD001), an mTOR-inhibitor; (3) mycophenolic acid (MPA, mycophenolate), an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and (4) prednisolone, a steroid. At the minimum effective concentration (MEC), we found a prominent decrease in hNPCs' proliferative capacity (BrdU incorporation), especially for CsA and MPA, and an alteration of the NAD(P)H-dependent metabolic activity. Cell death rate, neurogenesis, gliogenesis and cell migration remained mostly unaffected under these conditions for all four immunosuppressants, except for apoptotic cell death, which was significantly increased by MPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Skardelly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Abstract
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are widely used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, approximately 25% of IBD patients experience toxicity, and up to 10% show resistance to these thiopurine drugs. The importance of genetic variability in determining thiopurine toxicity was first recognized over 25 years ago with the discovery of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphism and the occurrence of azathioprine-induced myelosuppression in TPMT-deficient patients. In the intervening period, TPMT has become the foremost example of pharmacogenetics, and TPMT deficiency represents one of the few pharmacogenetic phenomena that have successfully made the transition from the research laboratory to diagnostics. While TPMT activity predicts some cases of myelosuppression, deficiency in this enzyme is neither predictive of other adverse drug reactions, nor resistance to thiopurine therapy. As myelosuppression only accounts for approximately 2.5% of adverse reactions in IBD patients, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to other enzymes involved in thiopurine metabolism to find molecular explanations for intolerance and resistance to azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge with regards to TPMT, and also explore genetic variability, beyond TPMT, that may contribute to thiopurine response in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 151, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Murray L Barclay
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 151, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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