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Feng Y, Mischler WJ, Gurung AC, Kavanagh TR, Androsov G, Sadow PM, Herbert ZT, Priolo C. Therapeutic Targeting of the Secreted Lysophospholipase D Autotaxin Suppresses Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2751-2763. [PMID: 32393662 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multiorgan hamartomas, including renal angiomyolipomas and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). TSC2 deficiency leads to hyperactivation of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Phospholipid metabolism is dysregulated upon TSC2 loss, causing enhanced production of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species by TSC2-deficient tumor cells. LPC is the major substrate of the secreted lysophospholipase D autotaxin (ATX), which generates two bioactive lipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We report here that ATX expression is upregulated in human renal angiomyolipoma-derived TSC2-deficient cells compared with TSC2 add-back cells. Inhibition of ATX via the clinically developed compound GLPG1690 suppressed TSC2-loss associated oncogenicity in vitro and in vivo and induced apoptosis in TSC2-deficient cells. GLPG1690 suppressed AKT and ERK1/2 signaling and profoundly impacted the transcriptome of these cells while inducing minor gene expression changes in TSC2 add-back cells. RNA-sequencing studies revealed transcriptomic signatures of LPA and S1P, suggesting an LPA/S1P-mediated reprogramming of the TSC lipidome. In addition, supplementation of LPA or S1P rescued proliferation and viability, neutral lipid content, and AKT or ERK1/2 signaling in human TSC2-deficient cells treated with GLPG1690. Importantly, TSC-associated renal angiomyolipomas have higher expression of LPA receptor 1 and S1P receptor 3 compared with normal kidney. These studies increase our understanding of TSC2-deficient cell metabolism, leading to novel potential therapeutic opportunities for TSC and LAM. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies activation of the ATX-LPA/S1P pathway as a novel mode of metabolic dysregulation upon TSC2 loss, highlighting critical roles for ATX in TSC2-deficient cell fitness and in TSC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Feng
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William J Mischler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashish C Gurung
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor R Kavanagh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grigoriy Androsov
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary T Herbert
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Priolo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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