1
|
Cai Q, Feng F, Tian Y, Luo R, Mu D, Yang F, Yang Z, Zhou Z. A case report on deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 with relapse-remission course and analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63568. [PMID: 38353426 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic disease caused by biallelic mutations in adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2). The varying phenotypes of the disease often lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. We report an 11-year-old boy with DADA2 and provide a preliminary analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation. The age of onset of the disease was 8 years old. The disease successively involved the brainstem, muscles, joints, and cerebrum. After three relapse-remission episodes over 3 years, the patient was finally diagnosed with DADA2 by whole-exome sequencing. Compound heterozygous variants in the ADA2 gene (NM_001282225.2: c.1072G>A, p.Gly358Arg; c.419dupC, p.Arg141Lysfs*37) were found in the patient. He did not receive anti-TNF therapy and had no relapse after a 8-month follow-up. We identified a novel variant of the ADA2 gene, and the associated disease course may follow a relapse-remission pattern. Homozygous mutations of p.Gly358Arg can cause pure red cell aplasia, whereas compound heterozygous variations may lead to different phenotypes. Variants in the catalytic domain and frameshift mutations may also cause relatively benign phenotypes besides causing hematological disorders. Further studies are needed to clarify the genotypic-phenotypic relationship of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanmei Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Zhongjie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hashem H, Bucciol G, Ozen S, Unal S, Bozkaya IO, Akarsu N, Taskinen M, Koskenvuo M, Saarela J, Dimitrova D, Hickstein DD, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Krance R, Sasa G, Kumar AR, Müller I, de Sousa MA, Delafontaine S, Moens L, Babor F, Barzaghi F, Cicalese MP, Bredius R, van Montfrans J, Baretta V, Cesaro S, Stepensky P, Benedicte N, Moshous D, Le Guenno G, Boutboul D, Dalal J, Brooks JP, Dokmeci E, Dara J, Lucas CL, Hambleton S, Wilson K, Jolles S, Koc Y, Güngör T, Schnider C, Candotti F, Steinmann S, Schulz A, Chambers C, Hershfield M, Ombrello A, Kanakry JA, Meyts I. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Cures Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency: Report on 30 Patients. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1633-1647. [PMID: 34324127 PMCID: PMC8452581 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an inherited inborn error of immunity, characterized by autoinflammation (recurrent fever), vasculopathy (livedo racemosa, polyarteritis nodosa, lacunar ischemic strokes, and intracranial hemorrhages), immunodeficiency, lymphoproliferation, immune cytopenias, and bone marrow failure (BMF). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) blockade is the treatment of choice for the vasculopathy, but often fails to reverse refractory cytopenia. We aimed to study the outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with DADA2. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on the outcome of HCT in patients with DADA2. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). RESULTS Thirty DADA2 patients from 12 countries received a total of 38 HCTs. The indications for HCT were BMF, immune cytopenia, malignancy, or immunodeficiency. Median age at HCT was 9 years (range: 2-28 years). The conditioning regimens for the final transplants were myeloablative (n = 20), reduced intensity (n = 8), or non-myeloablative (n = 2). Donors were HLA-matched related (n = 4), HLA-matched unrelated (n = 16), HLA-haploidentical (n = 2), or HLA-mismatched unrelated (n = 8). After a median follow-up of 2 years (range: 0.5-16 years), 2-year OS was 97%, and 2-year GvHD-free relapse-free survival was 73%. The hematological and immunological phenotypes resolved, and there were no new vascular events. Plasma ADA2 enzyme activity normalized in 16/17 patients tested. Six patients required more than one HCT. CONCLUSION HCT was an effective treatment for DADA2, successfully reversing the refractory cytopenia, as well as the vasculopathy and immunodeficiency. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS HCT is a definitive cure for DADA2 with > 95% survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Hashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), P.O Box 1269, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
| | - Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Pediatrics, ERN RITA Core Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Vasculitis Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Unal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Research Center for Fanconi Anemia and Other Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ikbal Ok Bozkaya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurten Akarsu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Koskenvuo
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimana Dimitrova
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Krance
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ghadir Sasa
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashish R Kumar
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ingo Müller
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monica Abreu de Sousa
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Selket Delafontaine
- Department of Pediatrics, ERN RITA Core Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Moens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Babor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Robbert Bredius
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joris van Montfrans
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Baretta
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neven Benedicte
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Le Guenno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jignesh Dalal
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joel P Brooks
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elif Dokmeci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jasmeen Dara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, , Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Keith Wilson
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yener Koc
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Medicana International, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Güngör
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Immunology, Gene Therapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital Zurich - Eleonore Foundation & Children's Research Center (CRC), Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Schnider
- Pediatric Immuno-Rheumatology of Western Switzerland, Department Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Steinmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chip Chambers
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Hershfield
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Ombrello
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, ERN RITA Core Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geraldo LH, Xu Y, Jacob L, Pibouin-Fragner L, Rao R, Maissa N, Verreault M, Lemaire N, Knosp C, Lesaffre C, Daubon T, Dejaegher J, Solie L, Rudewicz J, Viel T, Tavitian B, De Vleeschouwer S, Sanson M, Bikfalvi A, Idbaih A, Lu QR, Lima FR, Thomas JL, Eichmann A, Mathivet T. SLIT2/ROBO signaling in tumor-associated microglia and macrophages drives glioblastoma immunosuppression and vascular dysmorphia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141083. [PMID: 34181595 PMCID: PMC8363292 DOI: 10.1172/jci141083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SLIT2 is a secreted polypeptide that guides migration of cells expressing Roundabout 1 and 2 (ROBO1 and ROBO2) receptors. Herein, we investigated SLIT2/ROBO signaling effects in gliomas. In patients with glioblastoma (GBM), SLIT2 expression increased with malignant progression and correlated with poor survival and immunosuppression. Knockdown of SLIT2 in mouse glioma cells and patient-derived GBM xenografts reduced tumor growth and rendered tumors sensitive to immunotherapy. Tumor cell SLIT2 knockdown inhibited macrophage invasion and promoted a cytotoxic gene expression profile, which improved tumor vessel function and enhanced efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Mechanistically, SLIT2 promoted microglia/macrophage chemotaxis and tumor-supportive polarization via ROBO1- and ROBO2-mediated PI3K-γ activation. Macrophage Robo1 and Robo2 deletion and systemic SLIT2 trap delivery mimicked SLIT2 knockdown effects on tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment (TME), revealing SLIT2 signaling through macrophage ROBOs as a potentially novel regulator of the GBM microenvironment and immunotherapeutic target for brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H. Geraldo
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yunling Xu
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jacob
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nawal Maissa
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Maïté Verreault
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Lemaire
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Camille Knosp
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lesaffre
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Joost Dejaegher
- Department of Neurosciences and
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Solie
- Department of Neurosciences and
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Viel
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
- Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Paris, France
| | | | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Flavia R.S. Lima
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Mathivet
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma R, Zhang X, Shu J, Liu Z, Sun W, Hou S, Lv Y, Ying Q, Wang F, Jin X, Liu R, Wu X. Nlrc3 Knockout Mice Showed Renal Pathological Changes After HTNV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692509. [PMID: 34335602 PMCID: PMC8322986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) infects humans and causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The development of well-characterized animal models of HFRS could accelerate the testing of vaccine candidates and therapeutic agents and provide a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis of HFRS. Because NLRC3 has multiple immunoregulatory roles, we investigated the susceptibility of Nlrc3-/- mice to HTNV infection in order to establish a new model of HFRS. Nlrc3-/- mice developed weight loss, renal hemorrhage, and tubule dilation after HTNV infection, recapitulating many clinical symptoms of human HFRS. Moreover, infected Nlrc3-/- mice showed higher viral loads in serum, spleen, and kidney than wild type C57BL/6 (WT) mice, and some of them manifested more hematological disorders and significant pathological changes within multiple organs than WT mice. Our results identify that HTNV infected Nlrc3-/- mice can develop clinical symptoms and pathological changes resembling patients with HFRS, suggesting a new model for studying the pathogenesis and testing of candidate vaccines and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiayi Shu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiyuan Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunhua Lv
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qikang Ying
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veryser E, Meyts I, Casteels I, Demaerel P, De Somer L, Cassiman C. Two Cases Presenting With Unilateral Adduction Deficit Associated With Human Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021; 58:e22-e26. [PMID: 34288769 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20210416-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of human adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an auto-inflammatory inborn error of immunity caused by biallelic deleterious mutations in the gene encoding ADA2. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness among ophthalmologists and pediatricians to consider DADA2 as a possible diagnosis for patients with acute onset of diplopia. The authors describe two pediatric patients who presented with double vision due to uni-lateral adduction deficit, and discuss the importance of recognizing this clinically as an ophthalmologist. If a child presents with a sudden eye movement abnormality, ophthalmologists must be aware of the possibility of an ischemic insult due to an underlying genetic disorder (eg, DADA2), especially in patients with a positive familial history or associated clinical signs such as a personal history of characteristic skin lesions or paresis of other cranial nerves. Given the multi-organ involvement in this disorder, a multi-disciplinary approach is crucial to have a timely diagnosis and to treat this rare disorder appropriately. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021;58(4):e22-e26.].
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo L, Wang J, Yang X, Zheng R, Deuitch N, Tao P, Zhou Q. Novel ADA2 Compound Heterozygous Mutations Resulting in Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 in a Pair of Siblings. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:837-842. [PMID: 33517505 PMCID: PMC8068658 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology & Allergy, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinghui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Rongjun Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology & Allergy, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Natalie Deuitch
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Panfeng Tao
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morato A, Martignani E, Miretti S, Baratta M, Accornero P. External and internal EGFR-activating signals drive mammary epithelial cells proliferation and viability. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111081. [PMID: 33181234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During puberty, the mammary gland undergoes an intense growth, dependent on the interplay between the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in the stroma and different mammary epithelial receptors. We hypothesize that EGFR expressed in the mammary epithelium also has a role in puberty and the epithelial cells can self-sustain by EGFR-mediated autocrine signaling. We adopted mammary cell lines from different species, as in vitro model for the epithelium, and we observed that EGFR-signaling positively affects their survival and proliferation. Once deprived of external growth factors, mammary cells still showed strong Erk 1/2 phosphorylation, abolished upon EGFR inhibition, coupled with a further reduction in survival and proliferation. Based on gene expression analysis, three EGFR-ligands (AREG, EREG and HBEGF) are likely to mediate this autocrine signaling. In conclusion, internal EGFR-activating signals sustain mammary epithelial cell proliferation and survival in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Morato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang S, Zhang Y, Ting CY, Bettedi L, Kim K, Ghaniam E, Lilly MA. The Rag GTPase Regulates the Dynamic Behavior of TSC Downstream of Both Amino Acid and Growth Factor Restriction. Dev Cell 2020; 55:272-288.e5. [PMID: 32898476 PMCID: PMC7657977 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the metabolic regulator TOR complex I (TORC1) contributes to a wide array of human pathologies. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a potent inhibitor of TORC1. Here, we demonstrate that the Rag GTPase acts in both the amino-acid-sensing and growth factor signaling pathways to control TORC1 activity through the regulation of TSC dynamics in HeLa cells and Drosophila. We find that TSC lysosomal-cytosolic exchange increases in response to both amino acid and growth factor restriction. Moreover, the rate of exchange mirrors TSC function, with depletions of the Rag GTPase blocking TSC lysosomal mobility and rescuing TORC1 activity. Finally, we show that the GATOR2 complex controls the phosphorylation of TSC2, which is essential for TSC exchange. Our data support the model that the amino acid and growth factor signaling pathways converge on the Rag GTPase to inhibit TORC1 activity through the regulation of TSC dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yingbiao Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Ting
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucia Bettedi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kuikwon Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Ghaniam
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary A Lilly
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang ZS, Cimino I, Yalcin B, Raghupathy N, Vancollie VE, Ibarra-Soria X, Firth HV, Rimmington D, Farooqi IS, Lelliott CJ, Munger SC, O’Rahilly S, Ferguson-Smith AC, Coll AP, Logan DW. Trappc9 deficiency causes parent-of-origin dependent microcephaly and obesity. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008916. [PMID: 32877400 PMCID: PMC7467316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some imprinted genes exhibit parental origin specific expression bias rather than being transcribed exclusively from one copy. The physiological relevance of this remains poorly understood. In an analysis of brain-specific allele-biased expression, we identified that Trappc9, a cellular trafficking factor, was expressed predominantly (~70%) from the maternally inherited allele. Loss-of-function mutations in human TRAPPC9 cause a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by microcephaly and obesity. By studying Trappc9 null mice we discovered that homozygous mutant mice showed a reduction in brain size, exploratory activity and social memory, as well as a marked increase in body weight. A role for Trappc9 in energy balance was further supported by increased ad libitum food intake in a child with TRAPPC9 deficiency. Strikingly, heterozygous mice lacking the maternal allele (70% reduced expression) had pathology similar to homozygous mutants, whereas mice lacking the paternal allele (30% reduction) were phenotypically normal. Taken together, we conclude that Trappc9 deficient mice recapitulate key pathological features of TRAPPC9 mutations in humans and identify a role for Trappc9 and its imprinting in controlling brain development and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng S. Liang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Ximena Ibarra-Soria
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen V. Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven C. Munger
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony P. Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Darren W. Logan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schnappauf O, Zhou Q, Moura NS, Ombrello AK, Michael DG, Deuitch N, Barron K, Stone DL, Hoffmann P, Hershfield M, Applegate C, Bjornsson HT, Beck DB, Witmer PD, Sobreira N, Wohler E, Chiorini JA, Center TAG, Dalgard CL, Center NIS, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2): Hidden Variants, Reduced Penetrance, and Unusual Inheritance. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:917-926. [PMID: 32638197 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests with fever, early-onset vasculitis, strokes, and hematologic dysfunction. This study aimed to identify disease-causing variants by conventional Sanger and whole exome sequencing in two families suspected to have DADA2 and non-confirmatory genotypes. ADA2 enzymatic assay confirmed the clinical diagnosis of DADA2. Molecular diagnosis was important to accurately identify other family members at risk. METHODS We used a variety of sequencing technologies, ADA2 enzymatic testing, and molecular methods including qRT-PCR and MLPA. RESULTS Exome sequencing identified heterozygosity for the known pathogenic variant ADA2: c.1358A>G, p.Tyr453Cys in a 14-year-old female with a history of ischemic strokes, livedo, and vasculitis. No second pathogenic variant could be identified. ADA2 enzymatic testing in combination with quantitative RT-PCR suggested a loss-of-function allele. Subsequent genome sequencing identified a canonical splice site variant, c.-47+2T>C, within the 5'UTR of ADA2. Two of her unaffected siblings were found to carry the same two pathogenic variants. A homozygous 800-bp duplication comprising exon 7 of ADA2 was identified in a 5-year-old female with features consistent with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). The duplication was missed by Sanger sequencing of ADA2, chromosomal microarray, and exome sequencing but was detected by MLPA in combination with long-read PCR sequencing. The exon 7 duplication was also identified in her non-symptomatic father and younger sister. CONCLUSIONS ADA2 pathogenic variants may not be detected by conventional sequencing and genetic testing and may require the incorporation of additional diagnostic methods. A definitive molecular diagnosis is crucial for all family members to make informed treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Sampaio Moura
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drew G Michael
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natalie Deuitch
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karyl Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Hershfield
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Applegate
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans T Bjornsson
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David B Beck
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Dane Witmer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John A Chiorini
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nih Intramural Sequencing Center
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ho L, Yip A, Lao F, Botelho F, Richards CD. RELMα is Induced in Airway Epithelial Cells by Oncostatin M Without Requirement of STAT6 or IL-6 in Mouse Lungs In Vivo. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061338. [PMID: 32471168 PMCID: PMC7349350 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin-like molecule alpha (RELMα) and YM-1 are secreted proteins implicated in murine models of alternatively activated macrophage (AA/M2) accumulation and Th2-skewed inflammation. Since the gp130 cytokine Oncostatin M (OSM) induces a Th2-like cytokine and AA/M2 skewed inflammation in mouse lung, we here investigated regulation of RELMα and YM-1. Transient pulmonary overexpression of OSM by Adenovirus vector (AdOSM) markedly induced RELMα and YM-1 protein expression in total lung. In situ hybridization showed that RELMα mRNA was highly induced in airway epithelial cells (AEC) and was co-expressed with CD68 mRNA in some but not all CD68+ cells in parenchyma. IL-6 overexpression (a comparator gp130 cytokine) induced RELMα, but at significantly lower levels. IL-6 (assessing IL-6-/- mice) was not required, nor was STAT6 (IL-4/13 canonical signalling) for AdOSM-induction of RELMα in AEC. AEC responded directly to OSM in vitro as assessed by pSTAT3 activation. RELMα-deficient mice showed similar inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine responses to wt in response to AdOSM, but showed less accumulation of CD206+ AA/M2 macrophages, reduced induction of extracellular matrix gene mRNAs for COL1A1, COL3A1, MMP13, and TIMP1, and reduced parenchymal alpha smooth muscle actin. Thus, RELMα is regulated by OSM in AEC and contributes to extracellular matrix remodelling in mouse lung.
Collapse
|
12
|
Joustra SD, Roelfsema F, van Trotsenburg ASP, Schneider HJ, Kosilek RP, Kroon HM, Logan JG, Butterfield NC, Zhou X, Toufaily C, Bak B, Turgeon MO, Brûlé E, Steyn FJ, Gurnell M, Koulouri O, Le Tissier P, Fontanaud P, Duncan Bassett JH, Williams GR, Oostdijk W, Wit JM, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR, Bernard DJ, Schoenmakers N. IGSF1 Deficiency Results in Human and Murine Somatotrope Neurosecretory Hyperfunction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5606971. [PMID: 31650157 PMCID: PMC7108761 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The X-linked immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1), gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and in pituitary cells of the POU1F1 lineage. Human loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause central hypothyroidism, hypoprolactinemia, and macroorchidism. Additionally, most affected adults exhibit higher than average IGF-1 levels and anecdotal reports describe acromegaloid features in older subjects. However, somatotrope function has not yet been formally evaluated in this condition. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the role of IGSF1 in human and murine somatotrope function. PATIENTS, DESIGN, AND SETTING We evaluated 21 adult males harboring hemizygous IGSF1 loss-of-function mutations for features of GH excess, in an academic clinical setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We compared biochemical and tissue markers of GH excess in patients and controls, including 24-hour GH profile studies in 7 patients. Parallel studies were undertaken in male Igsf1-deficient mice and wild-type littermates. RESULTS IGSF1-deficient adult male patients demonstrated acromegaloid facial features with increased head circumference as well as increased finger soft-tissue thickness. Median serum IGF-1 concentrations were elevated, and 24-hour GH profile studies confirmed 2- to 3-fold increased median basal, pulsatile, and total GH secretion. Male Igsf1-deficient mice also demonstrated features of GH excess with increased lean mass, organ size, and skeletal dimensions and elevated mean circulating IGF-1 and pituitary GH levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate somatotrope neurosecretory hyperfunction in IGSF1-deficient humans and mice. These observations define a hitherto uncharacterized role for IGSF1 in somatotropes and indicate that patients with IGSF1 mutations should be evaluated for long-term consequences of increased GH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Nadia Schoenmakers, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK. E-mail:
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harald J Schneider
- Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert P Kosilek
- Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herman M Kroon
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beata Bak
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Turgeon
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Brûlé
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Gurnell
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Olympia Koulouri
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Paul Le Tissier
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pierre Fontanaud
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INSERM, and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zambusi A, Pelin Burhan Ö, Di Giaimo R, Schmid B, Ninkovic J. Granulins Regulate Aging Kinetics in the Adult Zebrafish Telencephalon. Cells 2020; 9:E350. [PMID: 32028681 PMCID: PMC7072227 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulins (GRN) are secreted factors that promote neuronal survival and regulate inflammation in various pathological conditions. However, their roles in physiological conditions in the brain remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we analysed the telencephalon in Grn-deficient zebrafish and identified morphological and transcriptional changes in microglial cells, indicative of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in the absence of any insult. Unexpectedly, activated mutant microglia shared part of their transcriptional signature with aged human microglia. Furthermore, transcriptome profiles of the entire telencephali isolated from young Grn-deficient animals showed remarkable similarities with the profiles of the telencephali isolated from aged wildtype animals. Additionally, 50% of differentially regulated genes during aging were regulated in the telencephalon of young Grn-deficient animals compared to their wildtype littermates. Importantly, the telencephalon transcriptome in young Grn-deficent animals changed only mildly with aging, further suggesting premature aging of Grn-deficient brain. Indeed, Grn loss led to decreased neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, and to shortening of telomeres at young ages, to an extent comparable to that observed during aging. Altogether, our data demonstrate a role of Grn in regulating aging kinetics in the zebrafish telencephalon, thus providing a valuable tool for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat age-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zambusi
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Özge Pelin Burhan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 München, Germany; (Ö.P.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 München, Germany; (Ö.P.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Well GTJ, Kant B, van Nistelrooij A, Sirma Ekmekci S, Henriet SV, Hoppenreijs E, van Deuren M, van Montfrans J, Nierkens S, Gül A, van Gijn ME. Phenotypic variability including Behçet's disease-like manifestations in DADA2 patients due to a homozygous c.973-2A>G splice site mutation. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2019; 37 Suppl 121:142-146. [PMID: 31856934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe phenotypic and functional characteristics of patients with the homozygous c.973-2A>G splice site mutation in the adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) gene (rs139750129), resulting in deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2). METHODS We present case synopses of six patients from three unrelated families. Clinical data were analysed and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. We also tested for aberrant RNA splicing and measured ADA2 enzyme activity. RESULTS One family had common DADA2 symptoms, whereas Behçet's disease-like manifestations were observed in the other two families. We detected the homozygous c.973-2A>G splice site mutation in ADA2 in all patients tested. ADA2 enzyme activity was significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls, but no correlation between ADA2 activity levels and disease severity was observed. Aberrant splicing was detected in a minority of mRNA transcripts, but the formation of other, undetected, aberrant splicing products could not be excluded. Patients were treated with TNF-α inhibitors to prevent recurrence of inflammatory findings including cerebral vasculitis-associated stroke. CONCLUSIONS We describe three families with the same homozygous splice site mutation in ADA2 and observed a novel combination of manifestations resembling Behçet's disease. This further expands the range of phenotypes caused by ADA2 mutations, although no complete genotype-phenotype association could be determined. Even without active disease, the risk of stroke should be addressed in making decisions regarding treatment of DADA2 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs T J van Well
- Department of Paediatrics and School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Kant
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel van Nistelrooij
- Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sema Sirma Ekmekci
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Stefanie V Henriet
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hoppenreijs
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Deuren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris van Montfrans
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
| | - Mariëlle E van Gijn
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carmona-Rivera C, Khaznadar SS, Shwin KW, Irizarry-Caro JA, O'Neil LJ, Liu Y, Jacobson KA, Ombrello AK, Stone DL, Tsai WL, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I, Kaplan MJ, Grayson PC. Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 triggers adenosine-mediated NETosis and TNF production in patients with DADA2. Blood 2019; 134:395-406. [PMID: 31015188 PMCID: PMC6659253 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018892752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) activity due to autosomal-recessive loss-of-function mutations in the ADA2 gene (previously known as CECR1) results in a systemic vasculitis known as deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2). Neutrophils and a subset of neutrophils known as low-density granulocytes (LDGs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vasculitis, at least in part, through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The study objective was to determine whether neutrophils and NETs play a pathogenic role in DADA2. In vivo evidence demonstrated NETs and macrophages in affected gastrointestinal tissue from patients with DADA2. An abundance of circulating LDGs prone to spontaneous NET formation was observed during active disease in DADA2 and were significantly reduced after remission induction by anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. Increased circulating LDGs were identified in unaffected family members with monoallelic ADA2 mutations. Adenosine triggered NET formation, particularly in neutrophils from female patients, by engaging A1 and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) and through reactive oxygen species- and peptidylarginine deiminase-dependent pathways. Adenosine-induced NET formation was inhibited by recombinant ADA2, A1/A3 AR antagonists, or by an A2A agonist. M1 macrophages incubated with NETs derived from patients with DADA2 released significantly greater amounts of TNF-α. Treatment with an A2AAR agonist decreased nuclear translocation of NF-κB and subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines in DADA2 monocyte-derived macrophages. These results suggest that neutrophils may play a pathogenic role in DADA2. Modulation of adenosine-mediated NET formation may contribute a novel and directed therapeutic approach in the treatment of DADA2 and potentially other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sami S Khaznadar
- Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kyawt W Shwin
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Dallas VA Medical Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jorge A Irizarry-Caro
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Liam J O'Neil
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yudong Liu
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Wanxia L Tsai
- Translational Immunology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter C Grayson
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ombrello AK, Qin J, Hoffmann PM, Kumar P, Stone D, Jones A, Romeo T, Barham B, Pinto-Patarroyo G, Toro C, Soldatos A, Zhou Q, Deuitch N, Aksentijevich I, Sheldon SL, Kelly S, Man A, Barron K, Hershfield M, Flegel WA, Kastner DL. Treatment Strategies for Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1582-1584. [PMID: 30995379 PMCID: PMC7372950 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1801927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Qin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Parag Kumar
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Deborah Stone
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anne Jones
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tina Romeo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Camilo Toro
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Ada Man
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Karyl Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Willy A Flegel
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mills KL, Gomes AM, Standlee CR, Rojo MD, Carmeliet P, Lin Z, Machado HL. Gas6 is dispensable for pubertal mammary gland development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208550. [PMID: 30533018 PMCID: PMC6289431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development is a complex and dynamic process that occurs mainly postnatally. Ductal elongation and branching morphogenesis are regulated by a plethora of factors, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors and the extracellular matrix. Gas6 is a secreted gamma-carboxylated protein that binds to a family of receptors tyrosine kinase receptors known as the TAMR family (Tyro3, Axl, Mer). Gas6 function in developmental processes has been shown in nervous, reproductive and immune systems. In this study, we found that Gas6 is highly expressed in virgin adult mammary glands but declines during pregnancy and lactation. Specifically, Gas6 is highly expressed in luminal and basal mammary epithelial cells during puberty and adulthood, while TAMR expression is low. Mammary whole mount analysis revealed that Gas6 germline deletion does not impact ductal elongation, branching morphogenesis or terminal end bud formation. Masson's trichrome staining showed that collagen deposition is similar in Gas6-/- mice as compared to wildtype mice. Gas6-/- mammary glands presented an organized luminal and myoepithelial bilayer of cells, and the proportion of mammary stem cells was unchanged in Gas6-/- mammary glands as compared to wildtype. Finally, proliferation of epithelial cells and macrophage number were similar in both groups. These studies suggest that Gas6 is not essential for pubertal mammary gland development in nulliparous mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie L. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Angelica M. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Courtney R. Standlee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Michelle D. Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongsan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maccora I, Frongia I, Azzari C, Ricci S, Cimaz R, Simonini G. A misleading case of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2): the magnifying glass of the scientific knowledge drives the tailored medicine in real life. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36:146. [PMID: 30148442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maccora
- Rheumatology Unit, NEUROFARBA Department, AOU A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Ivana Frongia
- Rheumatology Unit, NEUROFARBA Department, AOU A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, AOU A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, AOU A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Rheumatology Unit, NEUROFARBA Department, AOU A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simonini
- Rheumatology Unit, NEUROFARBA Department, AOU A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han XF, Zhang XX, Liu KM, Zhang Q. Apelin-13 deficiency alters cortical bone geometry, organic bone matrix, and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:29-35. [PMID: 29857005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines play key roles in the regulation of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and bone growth. As a newly discovered hormone in the adipokines family, the precise role of Apelin-13 on bone metabolism is not yet clear. Apelin-13 and 25(OH)D3 expression were detected in freshly isolated serum of healthy individuals and osteoporosis patients with ELISA method. Apelin-13 deficient mice were set up and cortical bone geometry was measured with micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) at 5 months old, then profile of organic bone matrix genes was detected with quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules were assayed in primary osteocytes isolated from neonatal calvarias. Apelin-13 and 25(OH)D3 showed decreased expression in osteoporosis patients. Five-month-old Apelin deficient mice exhibited decreased total and bone marrow cavity area and periosteal and endocortical bone surface. Deficiency of Apelin-13 downregulated collagen maturation associated genes (loxl3 and loxl4) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, while loxl2 was upregulated, all of which indicated that Apelin-13 could play a role in regulating skeletal homeostasis. The decrease in bone formation in Apelin-13 deficient mice is associated with downregulation of organic bone matrix genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules, all of these indicate that association of Apelin-13 with bone mineral density (BMD) could be mediated by Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, 230011 Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, 230011 Anhui, China
| | - Ke-Mei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, 230011 Anhui, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Evers BM, Rodriguez-Navas C, Tesla RJ, Prange-Kiel J, Wasser CR, Yoo KS, McDonald J, Cenik B, Ravenscroft TA, Plattner F, Rademakers R, Yu G, White CL, Herz J. Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Basis of Lysosomal Dysfunction in Progranulin Deficiency. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2565-2574. [PMID: 28903038 PMCID: PMC5757843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective lysosomal function defines many neurodegenerative diseases, such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) with progranulin (PGRN) deficiency. Here, we show that PGRN is involved in lysosomal homeostasis and lipid metabolism. PGRN deficiency alters lysosome abundance and morphology in mouse neurons. Using an unbiased lipidomic approach, we found that brain lipid composition in humans and mice with PGRN deficiency shows disease-specific differences that distinguish them from normal and other pathologic groups. PGRN loss leads to an accumulation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerides, as well as a reduction of diacylglycerides and phosphatidylserines in fibroblast and enriched lysosome lipidomes. Transcriptomic analysis of PGRN-deficient mouse brains revealed distinct expression patterns of lysosomal, immune-related, and lipid metabolic genes. These findings have implications for the pathogenesis of FTLD-TDP due to PGRN deficiency and suggest lysosomal dysfunction as an underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Evers
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Navas
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rachel J Tesla
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Janine Prange-Kiel
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kyoung Shin Yoo
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Basar Cenik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Florian Plattner
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lamprecht P, Humrich JY, Diebold I, Riemekasten G. Diagnosis of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 with early onset polyarteritis nodosa in an adult patient with a novel compound heterozygous CECR1 mutation. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 Suppl 111:177. [PMID: 29600946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Michniacki TF, Hannibal M, Ross CW, Frame DG, DuVall AS, Khoriaty R, Vander Lugt MT, Walkovich KJ. Hematologic Manifestations of Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2) and Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition in DADA2-Associated Bone Marrow Failure. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:166-173. [PMID: 29411230 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Michniacki
- Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, D4202 Medical Professional Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Mark Hannibal
- Pediatrics - Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles W Ross
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David G Frame
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam S DuVall
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rami Khoriaty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark T Vander Lugt
- Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, D4202 Medical Professional Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelly J Walkovich
- Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, D4202 Medical Professional Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Byun YS, Kim EK, Araki K, Yamamura KI, Lee K, Yoon WK, Won YS, Kim HC, Choi KC, Nam KH. Fryl deficiency is associated with defective kidney development and function in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:408-417. [PMID: 29409347 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218758249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FRY like transcription coactivator ( Fryl) gene located on chromosome 5 is a paralog of FRY microtubule binding protein ( Fry) in vertebrates. It encodes a protein with unknown functions. Fryl gene is conserved in various species ranging from eukaryotes to human. Although there are several reports on functions of Fry gene, functions of Fryl gene remain unclear. A mouse line containing null mutation in Fryl gene by gene trapping was produced in this study for the first time. The survival and growth of Fryl-/- mice were observed. Fryl gene expression levels in mouse tissues were determined and histopathologic analyses were conducted. Most Fryl-/- mice died soon after birth. Rare Fryl-/- survivors showed growth retardation with significantly lower body weight compared to their littermate controls. Although they could breed, more than half of Fryl-/- survivors died of hydronephrosis before age 1. No abnormal histopathologic lesion was apparent in full-term embryo or adult tissues except the kidney. Abnormal lining cell layer detachments from walls of collecting and convoluted tubules in kidneys were apparent in Fryl-/- neonates and full-term embryos. Fryl gene was expressed in renal tubular tissues including the glomeruli and convoluted and collecting tubules. This indicates that defects in tubular systems are associated with Fryl functions and death of Fryl-/- neonates. Fryl protein is required for normal development and functional maintenance of kidney in mice. This is the first report of in vivo Fryl gene functions. Impact statement FRY like transcription coactivator ( Fryl) gene is conserved in various species ranging from eukaryotes to human. It expresses a protein with unknown function. We generated a Fryl gene mutant mouse line and found that most homozygous mice died soon after their birth. Rare Fryl-/- survivors showed growth retardation with significantly lower body weight compared to their littermate controls. Although they could breed, more than half of Fryl-/- survivors died of hydronephrosis before age 1. Full-term mutant embryos showed abnormal collecting and convoluted tubules in kidneys where Fryl gene was expressed. Collectively, these results indicate that Fryl protein is required for normal development and functional maintenance of kidney in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on in vivo Fryl gene functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sub Byun
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Kimi Araki
- 3 Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- 3 Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kihoon Lee
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Won-Kee Yoon
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Won
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- 1 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 204180 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McDonald MM, Morse A, Schindeler A, Mikulec K, Peacock L, Cheng T, Bobyn J, Lee L, Baldock PA, Croucher PI, Tam PPL, Little DG. Homozygous Dkk1 Knockout Mice Exhibit High Bone Mass Phenotype Due to Increased Bone Formation. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:105-116. [PMID: 29105022 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wnt antagonist Dkk1 is a negative regulator of bone formation and Dkk1 +/- heterozygous mice display a high bone mass phenotype. Complete loss of Dkk1 function disrupts embryonic head development. Homozygous Dkk1 -/- mice that were heterozygous for Wnt3 loss of function mutation (termed Dkk1 KO) are viable and allowed studying the effects of homozygous inactivation of Dkk1 on bone formation. Dkk1 KO mice showed a high bone mass phenotype exceeding that of heterozygous mice as well as a high incidence of polydactyly and kinky tails. Whole body bone density was increased in the Dkk1 KO mice as shown by longitudinal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MicroCT analysis of the distal femur revealed up to 3-fold increases in trabecular bone volume and up to 2-fold increases in the vertebrae, compared to wild type controls. Cortical bone was increased in both the tibiae and vertebrae, which correlated with increased strength in tibial 4-point bending and vertebral compression tests. Dynamic histomorphometry identified increased bone formation as the mechanism underlying the high bone mass phenotype in Dkk1 KO mice, with no changes in bone resorption. Mice featuring only Wnt3 heterozygosity showed no evident bone phenotype. Our findings highlight a critical role for Dkk1 in the regulation of bone formation and a gene dose-dependent response to loss of DKK1 function. Targeting Dkk1 to enhance bone formation offers therapeutic potential for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Bone Biology Division, The Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alyson Morse
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Mikulec
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lauren Peacock
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Tegan Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin Bobyn
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucinda Lee
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Bone Biology Division, The Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology Division, The Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Little
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Research Building, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bueno MTD, Reyes D, Llano M. LEDGF/p75 Deficiency Increases Deletions at the HIV-1 cDNA Ends. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090259. [PMID: 28914817 PMCID: PMC5618025 DOI: 10.3390/v9090259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of unintegrated linear HIV-1 cDNA by the host DNA repair system results in its degradation and/or circularization. As a consequence, deficient viral cDNA integration generally leads to an increase in the levels of HIV-1 cDNA circles containing one or two long terminal repeats (LTRs). Intriguingly, impaired HIV-1 integration in LEDGF/p75-deficient cells does not result in a correspondent increase in viral cDNA circles. We postulate that increased degradation of unintegrated linear viral cDNA in cells lacking the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) account for this inconsistency. To evaluate this hypothesis, we characterized the nucleotide sequence spanning 2-LTR junctions isolated from LEDGF/p75-deficient and control cells. LEDGF/p75 deficiency resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of 2-LTRs harboring large deletions. Of note, these deletions were dependent on the 3′ processing activity of integrase and were not originated by aberrant reverse transcription. Our findings suggest a novel role of LEDGF/p75 in protecting the unintegrated 3′ processed linear HIV-1 cDNA from exonucleolytic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murilo T D Bueno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso. El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Daniel Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso. El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Manuel Llano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso. El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carroll B, Nelson G, Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Kucheryavenko O, Dunhill-Turner NA, Chesterman CC, Zahari Q, Zhang T, Conduit SE, Mitchell CA, Maddocks ODK, Lovat P, von Zglinicki T, Korolchuk VI. Persistent mTORC1 signaling in cell senescence results from defects in amino acid and growth factor sensing. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1949-1957. [PMID: 28566325 PMCID: PMC5496614 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and cell senescence are intimately linked to each other and to organismal aging. Inhibition of mTORC1 is the best-known intervention to extend lifespan, and recent evidence suggests that clearance of senescent cells can also improve health and lifespan. Enhanced mTORC1 activity drives characteristic phenotypes of senescence, although the underlying mechanisms responsible for increased activity are not well understood. We have identified that in human fibroblasts rendered senescent by stress, replicative exhaustion, or oncogene activation, mTORC1 is constitutively active and resistant to serum and amino acid starvation. This is driven in part by depolarization of senescent cell plasma membrane, which leads to primary cilia defects and a resultant failure to inhibit growth factor signaling. Further, increased autophagy and high levels of intracellular amino acids may act to support mTORC1 activity in starvation conditions. Interventions to correct these phenotypes restore sensitivity to the mTORC1 signaling pathway and cause death, indicating that persistent signaling supports senescent cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Carroll
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olena Kucheryavenko
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Charlotte C Chesterman
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Qabil Zahari
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Penny Lovat
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou X, Paushter DH, Feng T, Pardon CM, Mendoza CS, Hu F. Regulation of cathepsin D activity by the FTLD protein progranulin. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:151-153. [PMID: 28493053 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 345 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Daniel H Paushter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 345 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tuancheng Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 345 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cara M Pardon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 345 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christina S Mendoza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 345 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Fenghua Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 345 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berkun Y, Segel R, Navon-Elkan P. Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency: More Than Monogenic Vasculitis. Isr Med Assoc J 2017; 19:435-437. [PMID: 28786259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yackov Berkun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reeval Segel
- Medical Genetics Institute and Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laurance S, Bertin FR, Ebrahimian T, Kassim Y, Rys RN, Lehoux S, Lemarié CA, Blostein MD. Gas6 Promotes Inflammatory (CCR2 hiCX3CR1 lo) Monocyte Recruitment in Venous Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1315-1322. [PMID: 28450294 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coagulation and inflammation are inter-related. Gas6 (growth arrest-specific 6) promotes venous thrombosis and participates to inflammation through endothelial-innate immune cell interactions. Innate immune cells can provide the initiating stimulus for venous thrombus development. We hypothesize that Gas6 promotes monocyte recruitment during venous thrombosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Deep venous thrombosis was induced in wild-type and Gas6-deficient (-/-) mice using 5% FeCl3 and flow reduction in the inferior vena cava. Total monocyte depletion was achieved by injection of clodronate before deep venous thrombosis. Inflammatory monocytes were depleted using an anti-C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antibody. Similarly, injection of an anti-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) antibody induced CCL2 depletion. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to characterize the monocytes recruited to the thrombus. In vivo, absence of Gas6 was associated with a reduction of monocyte recruitment in both deep venous thrombosis models. Global monocyte depletion by clodronate leads to smaller thrombi in wild-type mice. Compared with wild type, the thrombi from Gas6-/- mice contain less inflammatory (CCR2hiCX3CR1lo) monocytes, consistent with a Gas6-dependent recruitment of this monocyte subset. Correspondingly, selective depletion of CCR2hiCX3CR1lo monocytes reduced the formation of venous thrombi in wild-type mice demonstrating a predominant role of the inflammatory monocytes in thrombosis. In vitro, the expression of both CCR2 and CCL2 were Gas6 dependent in monocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, impacting monocyte migration. Moreover, Gas6-dependent CCL2 expression and monocyte migration were mediated via JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Gas6 specifically promotes the recruitment of inflammatory CCR2hiCX3CR1lo monocytes through the regulation of both CCR2 and CCL2 during deep venous thrombosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Clodronic Acid/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication
- Phenotype
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vena Cava, Inferior/drug effects
- Vena Cava, Inferior/metabolism
- Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology
- Venous Thrombosis/genetics
- Venous Thrombosis/metabolism
- Venous Thrombosis/pathology
- Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Laurance
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François-René Bertin
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Talin Ebrahimian
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yusra Kassim
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan N Rys
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lehoux
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Lemarié
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mark D Blostein
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (S.L., F.-R.B., T.E., Y.K., R.N.R., S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.); and Department of Medicine (S.L., C.A.L., M.D.B.), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grill JI, Neumann J, Herbst A, Ofner A, Hiltwein F, Marschall MK, Zierahn H, Wolf E, Schneider MR, Kolligs FT. Loss of DRO1/CCDC80 results in obesity and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:286-296. [PMID: 27645901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of DRO1 in obesity and adipogenesis in vivo, we generated a constitutive Dro1 knockout mouse model and analyzed the effect of DRO1 loss on body growth under standard and high fat diet feeding conditions. Loss of DRO1 resulted in a significant increase in body weight which was accompanied by a substantial expansion of white adipose tissue depots. The obese phenotype could be further enhanced by a high fat dietary challenge which also resulted in impaired glucose metabolism and the development of hepatosteatosis in Dro1 knockout mice. To study the role of DRO1 in adipocyte differentiation, primary stromal-vascular (SV) cells were isolated from inguinal white fat pads of knockout and control mice. In primary SV cells, depletion of DRO1 significantly promoted adipogenesis with upregulation of markers for adipogenesis (Cebpa, Pparg, Adipoq) and lipid metabolism (Dgat1, Dgat2). Our results demonstrate that DRO1 is a crucial regulator of energy homeostasis in vivo and functions as an inhibitor of adipogenesis in primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Grill
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Herbst
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ofner
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Hiltwein
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Heike Zierahn
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank T Kolligs
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ke C, Gao F, Tian X, Li C, Shi D, He W, Tian Y. Slit2/Robo1 Mediation of Synaptic Plasticity Contributes to Bone Cancer Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:295-307. [PMID: 26738857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is fundamental to spinal sensitivity of bone cancer pain. Here, we have shown that excitatory synaptogenesis contributes to bone cancer pain. New synapse formation requires neurite outgrowth and an interaction between axons and dendrites, accompanied by the appositional organization of presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. We have shown that Slit2, Robo1, and RhoA act as such cues that promote neurite outgrowth and guide the axon for synapse formation. Sarcoma inoculation induces excitatory synaptogenesis and bone cancer pain which are reversed by Slit2 knockdown but aggravated by Robo1 knockdown. Synaptogenesis of cultured neurons are inhibited by Slit2 knockdown but enhanced by Robo1 knockdown. Sarcoma implantation induces an increase in Slit2 and decreases Robo1 and RhoA, while Slit2 knockdown results in an increase of Robo1 and RhoA. These results have demonstrated a molecular mechanism of synaptogenesis in bone cancer pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Ke
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain (IAP) and Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caijuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wensheng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prendergast CT, Sanin DE, Mountford AP. Alternatively Activated Mononuclear Phagocytes from the Skin Site of Infection and the Impact of IL-4Rα Signalling on CD4+T Cell Survival in Draining Lymph Nodes after Repeated Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004911. [PMID: 27505056 PMCID: PMC4978413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a murine model of repeated exposure of the skin to infective Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, events leading to the priming of CD4 cells in the skin draining lymph nodes were examined. The dermal exudate cell (DEC) population recovered from repeatedly (4x) exposed skin contained an influx of mononuclear phagocytes comprising three distinct populations according to their differential expression of F4/80 and MHC-II. As determined by gene expression analysis, all three DEC populations (F4/80-MHC-IIhigh, F4/80+MHC-IIhigh, F4/80+MHC-IIint) exhibited major up-regulation of genes associated with alternative activation. The gene encoding RELMα (hallmark of alternatively activated cells) was highly up-regulated in all three DEC populations. However, in 4x infected mice deficient in RELMα, there was no change in the extent of inflammation at the skin infection site compared to 4x infected wild-type cohorts, nor was there a difference in the abundance of different mononuclear phagocyte DEC populations. The absence of RELMα resulted in greater numbers of CD4+ cells in the skin draining lymph nodes (sdLN) of 4x infected mice, although they remained hypo-responsive. Using mice deficient for IL-4Rα, in which alternative activation is compromised, we show that after repeated schistosome infection, levels of regulatory IL-10 in the skin were reduced, accompanied by increased numbers of MHC-IIhigh cells and CD4+ T cells in the skin. There were also increased numbers of CD4+ T cells in the sdLN in the absence of IL-4Rα compared to cells from singly infected mice. Although their ability to proliferate was still compromised, increased cellularity of sdLN from 4x IL-4RαKO mice correlated with reduced expression of Fas/FasL, resulting in decreased apoptosis and cell death but increased numbers of viable CD4+ T cells. This study highlights a mechanism through which IL-4Rα may regulate the immune system through the induction of IL-10 and regulation of Fas/FasL mediated cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona T. Prendergast
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Sanin
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P. Mountford
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsu AP, West RR, Calvo KR, Cuellar-Rodriguez J, Parta M, Kelly SJ, Ganson NJ, Hershfield MS, Holland SM, Hickstein DD. Adenosine deaminase type 2 deficiency masquerading as GATA2 deficiency: Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:628-630.e2. [PMID: 27130863 PMCID: PMC4975951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Robert R West
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jennifer Cuellar-Rodriguez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark Parta
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Susan J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Nancy J Ganson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Michael S Hershfield
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dennis D Hickstein
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang H, Kang E, Wang Y, Yang C, Yu H, Wang Q, Chen Z, Zhang C, Christian KM, Song H, Ming GL, Xu Z. Brain-specific Crmp2 deletion leads to neuronal development deficits and behavioural impairments in mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:ncomms11773. [PMID: 27249678 PMCID: PMC4895353 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several genome- and proteome-wide studies have associated transcription and translation changes of CRMP2 (collapsing response mediator protein 2) with psychiatric disorders, yet little is known about its function in the developing or adult mammalian brain in vivo. Here we show that brain-specific Crmp2 knockout (cKO) mice display molecular, cellular, structural and behavioural deficits, many of which are reminiscent of neural features and symptoms associated with schizophrenia. cKO mice exhibit enlarged ventricles and impaired social behaviour, locomotor activity, and learning and memory. Loss of Crmp2 in the hippocampus leads to reduced long-term potentiation, abnormal NMDA receptor composition, aberrant dendrite development and defective synapse formation in CA1 neurons. Furthermore, knockdown of crmp2 specifically in newborn neurons results in stage-dependent defects in their development during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our findings reveal a critical role for CRMP2 in neuronal plasticity, neural function and behavioural modulation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eunchai Kang
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheyu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kimberly M. Christian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schepp J, Bulashevska A, Mannhardt-Laakmann W, Cao H, Yang F, Seidl M, Kelly S, Hershfield M, Grimbacher B. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Causes Antibody Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:179-86. [PMID: 26922074 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining the monogenic cause of antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation in a non-consanguineous family with healthy parents, two affected children, and one unaffected child. METHODS Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed in the index family. WES results were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing. Dried plasma spots of the male patient and his mother were analyzed for ADA2 enzymatic activity. RESULTS Following data analysis of WES, we found a compound heterozygous mutation in CECR1 (encoding adenosine deaminase 2, ADA2) that segregated in the two affected children. Enzyme activity measurement confirmed a severely diminished ADA2 activity in our patient. The 32 year old index patient was suffering from recurrent respiratory infections and was previously diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), showing no signs of vasculitis. His sister had a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like phenotype and died at age 17. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) has been reported to cause vasculopathy and early-onset stroke. Our case suggests that it should also be considered when evaluating patients with antibody deficiencies and immune dysregulation syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schepp
- CCI-Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alla Bulashevska
- CCI-Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilma Mannhardt-Laakmann
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, 55131, Czernyweg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Science and Technology Department, BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Science and Technology Department, BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- CCI-Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Institut für klinische Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan Kelly
- Duke Biochemistry, University of Duke, Nanaline H. Duke, Box 3711, DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael Hershfield
- Duke Biochemistry, University of Duke, Nanaline H. Duke, Box 3711, DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- CCI-Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute of Immunology and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moreno-Bravo JA, Martinez-Lopez JE, Madrigal MP, Kim M, Mastick GS, Lopez-Bendito G, Martinez S, Puelles E. Developmental guidance of the retroflex tract at its bending point involves Robo1-Slit2-mediated floor plate repulsion. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:665-78. [PMID: 25366972 PMCID: PMC4485949 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The retroflex tract contains medial habenula efferents that target the hindbrain interpeduncular complex and surrounding areas. This tract displays a singular course. Initially, habenular axons extend ventralwards in front of the pretectum until they reach the basal plate. Next, they avoid crossing the local floor plate, sharply changing course caudalwards (the retroflexion alluded by the tract name) and navigate strictly antero-posteriorly across basal pretectum, midbrain and isthmus. Once they reach rhombomere 1, the habenular axons criss-cross the floor plate several times within the interpeduncular nuclear complex as they innervate it. Here we described the timing and details of growth phenomena as these axons navigate to their target. The first dorsoventral course apparently obeys Ntn1 attraction. We checked the role of local floor plate signaling in the decision to avoid the thalamic floor plate and bend caudalwards. Analyzing the altered floor and basal plates of Gli2 knockout mice, we found a contralateral projection of most habenular axons, plus ulterior bizarre navigation rostralwards. This crossing phenotype was due to a reduced expression of Slit repulsive cues, suggesting involvement of the floor-derived Robo-Slit system in the normal guidance of this tract. Using Slit and Robo mutant mice, open neural tube and co-culture assays, we determined that Robo1-Slit2 interaction is specifically required for impeding that medial habenular axons cross the thalamic floor plate. This pathfinding mechanism is essential to establish the functionally important habenulo-interpeduncular connection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Moreno-Bravo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesus E Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Pilar Madrigal
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Grant S Mastick
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Guillermina Lopez-Bendito
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chang J, Lan T, Li C, Ji X, Zheng L, Gou H, Ou Y, Wu T, Qi C, Zhang Q, Li J, Gu Q, Wen D, Cao L, Qiao L, Ding Y, Wang L. Activation of Slit2-Robo1 signaling promotes liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1413-20. [PMID: 26264936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The secretory protein Slit2 and its receptor Robo1 are believed to regulate cell growth and migration. Here, we aimed to determine whether Slit2-Robo1 signaling mediates the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. METHODS Serum levels of Slit2 in patients with liver fibrosis were determined by ELISA. Liver fibrosis was induced in wild-type (WT), Slit2 transgenic (Slit2-Tg) and Robo1(+/-)Robo2(+/-) double heterozygotes (Robo1/2(+/-)) mice by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The functional contributions of Slit2-Robo1 signaling in liver fibrosis and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated using primary mouse HSCs and human HSC cell line LX-2. RESULTS Significantly increased serum Slit2 levels and hepatic expression of Slit2 and Robo1 were observed in patients with liver fibrosis. Compared to WT mice, Slit2-Tg mice were much more vulnerable to CCl4-induced liver injury and more readily develop liver fibrosis. Development of hepatic fibrosis in Slit2-Tg mice was associated with a stronger hepatic expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). However, liver injury and hepatic expression of collagen I and α-SMA were attenuated in CCl4-treated Robo1/2(+/-) mice in response to CCl4 exposure. In vitro, Robo1 neutralizing antibody R5 and Robo1 siRNA downregulated phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, PI3K, and AKT in HSCs independent of TGF-β1. R5 and Robo1 siRNA also inhibited the expression of α-SMA by HSCs. Finally, the protective effect of R5 on the CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis was further verified in mice. CONCLUSIONS Slit2-Robo1 signaling promotes liver injury and fibrosis through activation of HSCs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Roundabout Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Chang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changzheng Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ji
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongju Gou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yitao Ou
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quliang Gu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dingwen Wen
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, the Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bertin FR, Lemarié CA, Robins RS, Blostein MD. Growth arrest-specific 6 regulates thrombin-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 through forkhead box O1 in endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2260-72. [PMID: 26414399 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6)-deficient mice are protected against venous thromboembolism (VTE), suggesting a role for Gas6 in this disorder. We previously demonstrated that Gas6 induces forkhead box O1 (FoxO-1) phosphorylation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway. FoxO-1 regulates the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a molecule that has been implicated in VTE. OBJECTIVES To assess the role of FoxO-1 in Gas6-dependent VCAM-1 expression. METHODS Thrombin was used to stimulate endothelial cells (ECs). Wild-type (WT) and Gas6(-/-) ECs were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting Axl or FoxO-1, a luciferase-coupled plasmid containing the FoxO-1 consensus sequence, and a phosphorylation-resistant FoxO-1 mutant, or treated with an Akt inhibitor. VCAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by real time-qPCR. VCAM-1 protein expression and FoxO-1 and Akt phosphorylation were assessed by western blot analysis. FoxO-1 localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. Adhesion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MCs) on ECs was assessed by fluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Thrombin induces both VCAM-1 expression and FoxO-1 phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion in WT ECs only. Silencing of FoxO-1 enhances VCAM-1 expression in both WT and Gas6(-/-) ECs. Inhibition of Akt or FoxO-1 phosphorylation prevents VCAM-1 expression in WT ECs. These data show that Gas6 induces FoxO-1 phosphorylation, leading to derepression of VCAM-1 expression. BM-MC-EC adhesion is increased by thrombin in WT ECs. BM-MC-EC adhesion is further increased when FoxO-1 is silenced, but decreased when FoxO-1 phosphorylation is inhibited. These results demonstrate that the Gas6-FoxO-1 signaling axis plays an important role in VCAM-1 expression in the context of VTE by promoting BM-MC-EC adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R Bertin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C A Lemarié
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R S Robins
- The Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M D Blostein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Solchenberger B, Russell C, Kremmer E, Haass C, Schmid B. Granulin knock out zebrafish lack frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis pathology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118956. [PMID: 25785851 PMCID: PMC4365039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in granulin (GRN) are linked to two distinct neurological disorders, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). It is so far unknown how a complete loss of GRN in NCL and partial loss of GRN in FTLD can result in such distinct diseases. In zebrafish, there are two GRN homologues, Granulin A (Grna) and Granulin B (Grnb). We have generated stable Grna and Grnb loss of function zebrafish mutants by zinc finger nuclease mediated genome editing. Surprisingly, the grna and grnb single and double mutants display neither spinal motor neuron axonopathies nor a reduced number of myogenic progenitor cells as previously reported for Grna and Grnb knock down embryos. Additionally, grna−/−;grnb−/− double mutants have no obvious FTLD- and NCL-related biochemical and neuropathological phenotypes. Taken together, the Grna and Grnb single and double knock out zebrafish lack any obvious morphological, pathological and biochemical phenotypes. Loss of zebrafish Grna and Grnb might therefore either be fully compensated or only become symptomatic upon additional challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Solchenberger
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute—Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claire Russell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute—Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute—Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
de la Encarnación A, Alquézar C, Esteras N, Martín-Requero Á. Progranulin Deficiency Reduces CDK4/6/pRb Activation and Survival of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1714-1725. [PMID: 25377796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Null mutations in GRN are associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP). However, the influence of progranulin (PGRN) deficiency in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. In neuroblastoma cells, silencing of GRN gene causes significantly reduced cell survival after serum withdrawal. The following observations suggest that alterations of the CDK4/6/retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway, secondary to changes in PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 activation induced by PGRN deficiency, are involved in the control of serum deprivation-induced apoptosis: (i) inhibiting CDK4/6 levels or their associated kinase activity by sodium butyrate or PD332991 sensitized control SH-SY5Y cells to serum deprivation-induced apoptosis without affecting survival of PGRN-deficient cells; (ii) CDK4/6/pRb seems to be downstream of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways since their specific inhibitors, LY294002 and PD98059, were able to decrease CDK6-associated kinase activity and induce death of control SH-SY5Y cells; (iii) PGRN-deficient cells show reduced stimulation of PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and CDK4/6 activities compared with control cells in the absence of serum; and (iv) supplementation of recombinant human PGRN was able to rescue survival of PGRN-deficient cells. These observations highlight the important role of PGRN-mediated stimulation of the PI3K/Akt-ERK1/2/CDK4/6/pRb pathway in determining the cell fate survival/death under serum deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana de la Encarnación
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Alquézar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Esteras
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ángeles Martín-Requero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hafler BP, Klein ZA, Jimmy Zhou Z, Strittmatter SM. Progressive retinal degeneration and accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments in Progranulin deficient mice. Brain Res 2014; 1588:168-74. [PMID: 25234724 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prior investigations have shown that patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) develop neurodegeneration characterized by vision loss, motor dysfunction, seizures, and often early death. Neuropathological analysis of patients with NCL shows accumulation of intracellular autofluorescent storage material, lipopigment, throughout neurons in the central nervous system including in the retina. A recent study of a sibling pair with adult onset NCL and retinal degeneration showed linkage to the region of the progranulin (GRN) locus and a homozygous mutation was demonstrated in GRN. In particular, the sibling pair with a mutation in GRN developed retinal degeneration and optic atrophy. This locus for this form of adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis was designated neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-11 (CLN11). Based on these clinical observations, we wished to determine whether Grn-null mice develop accumulation of autofluorescent particles and retinal degeneration. Retinas of both wild-type and Progranulin deficient mice were examined by immunostaining and autofluorescence. Accumulation of autofluorescent material was present in Progranulin deficient mice at 12 months. Degeneration of multiple classes of neurons including photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells was noted in mice at 12 and 18 months. Our data shows that Grn(-/-) mice develop degenerative pathology similar to features of human CLN11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Hafler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Zoe A Klein
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Z Jimmy Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vicente-Rodríguez M, Pérez-García C, Haro M, Ramos MP, Herradón G. Genetic inactivation of midkine modulates behavioural responses to ethanol possibly by enhancing GABA(A) receptor sensitivity to GABA(A) acting drugs. Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:258-63. [PMID: 25149366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a cytokine with important functions in dopaminergic neurons that is found upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics. We have studied the behavioural effects of ethanol in MK genetically deficient (MK-/-) and wild type (MK+/+) mice. A low dose of ethanol (1.0g/kg), unable to cause conditioned place preference (CPP) in MK+/+ mice, induced a significant CPP in MK-/- mice, suggesting that MK prevents the rewarding effects of low doses of ethanol. However, this difference between genotypes is lost when a higher, rewarding, dose of ethanol (2.0g/kg) is used. Accordingly, the anxiolytic effects of 1.0mg/kg diazepam, other GABA(A) acting drug, were significantly enhanced in MK-/- mice compared to MK+/+ mice; however, 2.0mg/kg diazepam caused increased anxiolytic effects in MK+/+ mice. In addition, MK-/- mice showed a significant delayed recovery from ethanol (2.0g/kg)-induced ataxia whereas the sedative effects induced by ethanol (3.6g/kg), tested in a loss of righting reflex paradigm, were found to be similar in MK-/- and MK+/+ mice. The data indicate that MK differentially regulates the behavioural responses to ethanol. The results suggest that differences in the sensitivity of GABA(A) receptors to GABA(A) acting drugs caused by genetic inactivation of MK could underlie the different behavioural responses to ethanol in MK-/- mice. Overall, these results suggest that MK may be a novel genetic factor of importance in alcohol use disorders, and that potentiation of MK signalling pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Pharmacology lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Haro
- Biochemistry lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Ramos
- Biochemistry lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Pharmacology lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Zhu Y, Demidov ON, Goh AM, Virshup DM, Lane DP, Bulavin DV. Phosphatase WIP1 regulates adult neurogenesis and WNT signaling during aging. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3263-73. [PMID: 24911145 DOI: 10.1172/jci73015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of newly formed neurons declines rapidly during aging, and this decrease in neurogenesis is associated with decreased function of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs). Here, we determined that a WIP1-dependent pathway regulates NPC differentiation and contributes to the age-associated decline of neurogenesis. Specifically, we found that WIP1 is expressed in NPCs of the mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) and aged animals with genetically enhanced WIP1 expression exhibited higher NPC numbers and neuronal differentiation compared with aged WT animals. Additionally, augmenting WIP1 expression in aged animals markedly improved neuron formation and rescued a functional defect in fine odor discrimination in aged mice. We identified the WNT signaling pathway inhibitor DKK3 as a key downstream target of WIP1 and found that expression of DKK3 in the SVZ is restricted to NPCs. Using murine reporter strains, we determined that DKK3 inhibits neuroblast formation by suppressing WNT signaling and Dkk3 deletion or pharmacological activation of the WNT pathway improved neuron formation and olfactory function in aged mice. We propose that WIP1 controls DKK3-dependent inhibition of neuronal differentiation during aging and suggest that regulating WIP1 levels could prevent certain aspects of functional decline of the aging brain.
Collapse
|
45
|
Endo H, Okuyama H, Ohue M, Inoue M. Dormancy of cancer cells with suppression of AKT activity contributes to survival in chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98858. [PMID: 24905002 PMCID: PMC4048292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypoxic microenvironment in tumors has been recognized as a cause of malignancy or resistance to various cancer therapies. In contrast to recent progress in understanding the acute response of cancer cells to hypoxia, the characteristics of tumor cells in chronic hypoxia remain elusive. We have identified a pancreatic cancer cell line, AsPC-1, that is exceptionally able to survive for weeks under 1% oxygen conditions while most tested cancer cell lines die after only some days under these conditions. In chronic hypoxia, AsPC-1 cells entered a state of dormancy characterized by no proliferation, no death, and metabolic suppression. They reversibly switched to active status after being placed again in optimal culture conditions. ATP turnover, an indicator of energy demand, was markedly decreased and accompanied by reduced AKT phosphorylation. Forced activation of AKT resulted in increased ATP turnover and massive cell death in vitro and a decreased number of dormant cells in vivo. In contrast to most cancer cell lines, primary-cultured colorectal cancer cells easily entered the dormant status with AKT suppression under hypoxia combined with growth factor–depleted conditions. Primary colorectal cancer cells in dormancy were resistant to chemotherapy. Thus, the ability to survive in a deteriorated microenvironment by entering into dormancy under chronic hypoxia might be a common property among cancer cells. Targeting the regulatory mechanism inducing this dormant status could provide a new strategy for treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuyama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Götzl JK, Mori K, Damme M, Fellerer K, Tahirovic S, Kleinberger G, Janssens J, van der Zee J, Lang CM, Kremmer E, Martin JJ, Engelborghs S, Kretzschmar HA, Arzberger T, Van Broeckhoven C, Haass C, Capell A. Common pathobiochemical hallmarks of progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:845-60. [PMID: 24619111 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin (GRN) gene and the resulting reduction of GRN levels is a common genetic cause for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43. Recently, it has been shown that a complete GRN deficiency due to a homozygous GRN loss-of-function mutation causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disorder. These findings suggest that lysosomal dysfunction may also contribute to some extent to FTLD. Indeed, Grn(-/-) mice recapitulate not only pathobiochemical features of GRN-associated FTLD-TDP (FTLD-TDP/GRN), but also those which are characteristic for NCL and lysosomal impairment. In Grn(-/-) mice the lysosomal proteins cathepsin D (CTSD), LAMP (lysosomal-associated membrane protein) 1 and the NCL storage components saposin D and subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) were all found to be elevated. Moreover, these mice display increased levels of transmembrane protein (TMEM) 106B, a lysosomal protein known as a risk factor for FTLD-TDP pathology. In line with a potential pathological overlap of FTLD and NCL, Ctsd(-/-) mice, a model for NCL, show elevated levels of the FTLD-associated proteins GRN and TMEM106B. In addition, pathologically phosphorylated TDP-43 occurs in Ctsd(-/-) mice to a similar extent as in Grn(-/-) mice. Consistent with these findings, some NCL patients accumulate pathologically phosphorylated TDP-43 within their brains. Based on these observations, we searched for pathological marker proteins, which are characteristic for NCL or lysosomal impairment in brains of FTLD-TDP/GRN patients. Strikingly, saposin D, SCMAS as well as the lysosomal proteins CTSD and LAMP1/2 are all elevated in patients with FTLD-TDP/GRN. Thus, our findings suggest that lysosomal storage disorders and GRN-associated FTLD may share common features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Götzl
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou Q, Yang D, Ombrello AK, Zavialov AV, Toro C, Zavialov AV, Stone DL, Chae JJ, Rosenzweig SD, Bishop K, Barron KS, Kuehn HS, Hoffmann P, Negro A, Tsai WL, Cowen EW, Pei W, Milner JD, Silvin C, Heller T, Chin DT, Patronas NJ, Barber JS, Lee CCR, Wood GM, Ling A, Kelly SJ, Kleiner DE, Mullikin JC, Ganson NJ, Kong HH, Hambleton S, Candotti F, Quezado MM, Calvo KR, Alao H, Barham BK, Jones A, Meschia JF, Worrall BB, Kasner SE, Rich SS, Goldbach-Mansky R, Abinun M, Chalom E, Gotte AC, Punaro M, Pascual V, Verbsky JW, Torgerson TR, Singer NG, Gershon TR, Ozen S, Karadag O, Fleisher TA, Remmers EF, Burgess SM, Moir SL, Gadina M, Sood R, Hershfield MS, Boehm M, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Early-onset stroke and vasculopathy associated with mutations in ADA2. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:911-20. [PMID: 24552284 PMCID: PMC4193683 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1307361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We observed a syndrome of intermittent fevers, early-onset lacunar strokes and other neurovascular manifestations, livedoid rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and systemic vasculopathy in three unrelated patients. We suspected a genetic cause because the disorder presented in early childhood. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing in the initial three patients and their unaffected parents and candidate-gene sequencing in three patients with a similar phenotype, as well as two young siblings with polyarteritis nodosa and one patient with small-vessel vasculitis. Enzyme assays, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical testing, flow cytometry, and cytokine profiling were performed on samples from the patients. To study protein function, we used morpholino-mediated knockdowns in zebrafish and short hairpin RNA knockdowns in U937 cells cultured with human dermal endothelial cells. RESULTS All nine patients carried recessively inherited mutations in CECR1 (cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1), encoding adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2), that were predicted to be deleterious; these mutations were rare or absent in healthy controls. Six patients were compound heterozygous for eight CECR1 mutations, whereas the three patients with polyarteritis nodosa or small-vessel vasculitis were homozygous for the p.Gly47Arg mutation. Patients had a marked reduction in the levels of ADA2 and ADA2-specific enzyme activity in the blood. Skin, liver, and brain biopsies revealed vasculopathic changes characterized by compromised endothelial integrity, endothelial cellular activation, and inflammation. Knockdown of a zebrafish ADA2 homologue caused intracranial hemorrhages and neutropenia - phenotypes that were prevented by coinjection with nonmutated (but not with mutated) human CECR1. Monocytes from patients induced damage in cocultured endothelial-cell layers. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function mutations in CECR1 were associated with a spectrum of vascular and inflammatory phenotypes, ranging from early-onset recurrent stroke to systemic vasculopathy or vasculitis. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Programs and others.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
FIZZ (found in inflammatory zone) 1, a member of a cysteine-rich secreted protein family, is highly induced in lung allergic inflammation and bleomycin induced lung fibrosis, and primarily expressed by airway and type II alveolar epithelial cells. This novel mediator is known to stimulate α-smooth muscle actin and collagen expression in lung fibroblasts. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of FIZZ1 on the development of lung fibrosis by evaluating bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in FIZZ1 deficient mice. FIZZ1 knockout mice exhibited no detectable abnormality. When these mice were treated with bleomycin they exhibited significantly impaired pulmonary fibrosis relative to wild type mice, along with impaired proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression. Deficient lung fibroblast activation was also noted in the FIZZ1 knockout mice. Moreover, recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to injured lung was deficient in FIZZ1 knockout mice. Interestingly in vitro FIZZ1 was shown to have chemoattractant activity for bone marrow cells, including bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Finally, overexpression of FIZZ1 exacerbated fibrosis. These findings suggested that FIZZ1 exhibited profibrogenic properties essential for bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis, as reflected by its ability to induce myofibroblast differentiation and recruit bone marrow-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianju Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hongfeng Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew Ullenbruch
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sem H. Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gauger KJ, Bassa LM, Henchey EM, Wyman J, Bentley B, Brown M, Shimono A, Schneider SS. Mice deficient in Sfrp1 exhibit increased adiposity, dysregulated glucose metabolism, and enhanced macrophage infiltration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78320. [PMID: 24339864 PMCID: PMC3855156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of obesity and related complications remain unclear. Wnt signaling plays an important role in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The expression of a Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), is increased in response to initial weight gain, then levels are reduced under conditions of extreme obesity in both humans and animals. Here we report that loss of Sfrp1 exacerbates weight gain, glucose homeostasis and inflammation in mice in response to diet induced obesity (DIO). Sfrp1-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) exhibited an increase in body mass accompanied by increases in body fat percentage, visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and adipocyte size. Moreover, Sfrp1 deficiency increases the mRNA levels of key de novo lipid synthesis genes (Fasn, Acaca, Acly, Elovl, Scd1) and the transcription factors that regulate their expression (Lxr-α, Srebp1, Chreb, and Nr1h3) in WAT. Fasting glucose levels are elevated, glucose clearance is impaired, hepatic gluconeogenesis regulators are aberrantly upregulated (G6pc and Pck1), and glucose transporters are repressed (Slc2a2 and Slc2a4) in Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD. Additionally, we observed increased steatosis in the livers of Sfrp1-/- mice. When there is an expansion of adipose tissue there is a sustained inflammatory response accompanied by adipokine dysregulation, which leads to chronic subclinical inflammation. Thus, we assessed the inflammatory state of different tissues and revealed that Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD exhibited increased macrophage infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory markers including IL-6, Nmnat, Tgf-β2, and SerpinE1. Our findings demonstrate that the expression of Sfrp1 is a critical factor required for maintaining appropriate cellular signaling in response to the onset of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Gauger
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lotfi M. Bassa
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Henchey
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josephine Wyman
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brooke Bentley
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa Brown
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sato T, Suzuki T, Watanabe H, Kadowaki A, Fukamizu A, Liu PP, Kimura A, Ito H, Penninger JM, Imai Y, Kuba K. Apelin is a positive regulator of ACE2 in failing hearts. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5203-11. [PMID: 24177423 DOI: 10.1172/jci69608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), catalyzing the conversion of Angiotensin II to Angiotensin 1-7. Apelin is a second catalytic substrate for ACE2 and functions as an inotropic and cardioprotective peptide. While an antagonistic relationship between the RAS and apelin has been proposed, such functional interplay remains elusive. Here we found that ACE2 was downregulated in apelin-deficient mice. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) rescued the impaired contractility and hypertrophy of apelin mutant mice, which was accompanied by restored ACE2 levels. Importantly, treatment with angiotensin 1-7 rescued hypertrophy and heart dysfunctions of apelin-knockout mice. Moreover, apelin, via activation of its receptor, APJ, increased ACE2 promoter activity in vitro and upregulated ACE2 expression in failing hearts in vivo. Apelin treatment also increased cardiac contractility and ACE2 levels in AT1R-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that ACE2 couples the RAS to the apelin system, adding a conceptual framework for the apelin-ACE2-angiotensin 1-7 axis as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|