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Malara M, Prestel M, Tahirovic S. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction and neuronal-glial crosstalk in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220388. [PMID: 38368932 PMCID: PMC10874755 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare progressive lysosomal lipid storage disorder that manifests with a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical syndromes, including visceral, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. This monogenetic autosomal recessive disease is largely caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, which controls intracellular lipid homeostasis. Vesicle-mediated endo-lysosomal lipid trafficking and non-vesicular lipid exchange via inter-organelle membrane contact sites are both regulated by the NPC1 protein. Loss of NPC1 function therefore triggers intracellular accumulation of diverse lipid species, including cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin and sphingosine. The NPC1-mediated dysfunction of lipid transport has severe consequences for all brain cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Besides the cell-autonomous contribution of neuronal NPC1, aberrant NPC1 signalling in other brain cells is critical for the pathology. We discuss here the importance of endo-lysosomal dysfunction and a tight crosstalk between neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in NPC pathology. We strongly believe that a cell-specific rescue may not be sufficient to counteract the severity of the NPC pathology, but targeting common mechanisms, such as endo-lysosomal and lipid trafficking dysfunction, may ameliorate NPC pathology. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Malara
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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2
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Tian Y, Milic J, Monasor LS, Chakraborty R, Wang S, Yuan Y, Asare Y, Behrends C, Tahirovic S, Bernhagen J. The COP9 signalosome reduces neuroinflammation and attenuates ischemic neuronal stress in organotypic brain slice culture model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:262. [PMID: 37597109 PMCID: PMC10439869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is a deNEDDylase controlling ubiquitination activity of cullin-RING-E3 ligases (CRLs) and thus the levels of key cellular proteins. While the CSN and its catalytic subunit CSN5 have been extensively studied in cancer, its role in inflammatory and neurological diseases is less understood. Following verification that CSN5 is expressed in mouse and human brain, here we studied the role of the CSN in neuroinflammation and ischemic neuronal damage employing models of relevant brain-resident cell types, an ex vivo organotypic brain slice culture model, and the CRL NEDDylation state-modifying drugs MLN4924 and CSN5i-3, which mimic and inhibit, respectively, CSN5 deNEDDylase activity. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed that MLN4924 and CSN5i-3 substantially alter the microglial proteome, including inflammation-related proteins. Applying these drugs and mimicking microglial and endothelial inflammation as well as ischemic neuronal stress by TNF and oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/RO) treatment, respectively, we could link CSN5/CSN-mediated cullin deNEDDylation to reduction of microglial inflammation, attenuated cerebral endothelial inflammation, improved barrier integrity, as well as protection from ischemic stress-induced neuronal cell death. Specifically, MLN4924 reduced phagocytic activity, motility, and inflammatory cytokine expression of microglial cells, and this was linked to inhibition of inflammation-induced NF-κB and Akt signaling. Inversely, Csn5 knockdown and CSN5i-3 increased NF-κB signaling. Moreover, MLN4924 abrogated TNF-induced NF-κB signaling in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) and rescued hCMEC monolayers from OGD/RO-triggered barrier leakage, while CSN5i-3 exacerbated permeability. In an ex vivo organotypic brain slice model of ischemia/reperfusion stress, MLN4924 protected from neuronal death, while CSN5i-3 impaired neuronal survival. Neuronal damage was attributable to microglial activation and inflammatory cytokines, as indicated by microglial shape tracking and TNF-blocking experiments. Our results indicate a protective role of the CSN in neuroinflammation via brain-resident cell types involved in ischemic brain disease and implicate CSN activity-mimicking deNEDDylating drugs as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jelena Milic
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rahul Chakraborty
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sijia Wang
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yaw Asare
- Translational Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Kunze LH, Ruch F, Biechele G, Eckenweber F, Wind-Mark K, Dinkel L, Feyen P, Bartenstein P, Ziegler S, Paeger L, Tahirovic S, Herms J, Brendel M. Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment Has No Significant Impact on Microglial Activation and Tau Pathology in P301S Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10106. [PMID: 37373253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one disease hallmark on the road to neurodegeneration in primary tauopathies. Thus, immunomodulation might be a suitable treatment strategy to delay or even prevent the occurrence of symptoms and thus relieve the burden for patients and caregivers. In recent years, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has received increasing attention as it is immediately involved in the regulation of the immune system and can be targeted by the anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone. Previous studies have shown significant immunomodulation in amyloid-β (Aβ) mouse models by pioglitazone. In this study, we performed long-term treatment over six months in P301S mice as a tauopathy model with either pioglitazone or placebo. We performed serial 18 kDa translocator protein positron-emission-tomography (TSPO-PET) imaging and terminal immunohistochemistry to assess microglial activation during treatment. Tau pathology was quantified via immunohistochemistry at the end of the study. Long-term pioglitazone treatment had no significant effect on TSPO-PET, immunohistochemistry read-outs of microglial activation, or tau pathology levels in P301S mice. Thus, we conclude that pioglitazone modifies the time course of Aβ-dependent microglial activation, but does not significantly modulate microglial activation in response to tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Helena Kunze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - François Ruch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind-Mark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Dinkel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Feyen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Paeger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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4
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Gnörich J, Reifschneider A, Wind K, Zatcepin A, Kunte ST, Beumers P, Bartos LM, Wiedemann T, Grosch M, Xiang X, Fard MK, Ruch F, Werner G, Koehler M, Slemann L, Hummel S, Briel N, Blume T, Shi Y, Biechele G, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Scheifele M, Bartenstein P, Albert NL, Herms J, Tahirovic S, Haass C, Capell A, Ziegler S, Brendel M. Depletion and activation of microglia impact metabolic connectivity of the mouse brain. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:47. [PMID: 36829182 PMCID: PMC9951492 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the impact of microglial activity and microglial FDG uptake on metabolic connectivity, since microglial activation states determine FDG-PET alterations. Metabolic connectivity refers to a concept of interacting metabolic brain regions and receives growing interest in approaching complex cerebral metabolic networks in neurodegenerative diseases. However, underlying sources of metabolic connectivity remain to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed metabolic networks measured by interregional correlation coefficients (ICCs) of FDG-PET scans in WT mice and in mice with mutations in progranulin (Grn) or triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) knockouts (-/-) as well as in double mutant Grn-/-/Trem2-/- mice. We selected those rodent models as they represent opposite microglial signatures with disease associated microglia in Grn-/- mice and microglia locked in a homeostatic state in Trem2-/- mice; however, both resulting in lower glucose uptake of the brain. The direct influence of microglia on metabolic networks was further determined by microglia depletion using a CSF1R inhibitor in WT mice at two different ages. Within maps of global mean scaled regional FDG uptake, 24 pre-established volumes of interest were applied and assigned to either cortical or subcortical networks. ICCs of all region pairs were calculated and z-transformed prior to group comparisons. FDG uptake of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes was determined in Grn-/- and WT mice via assessment of single cell tracer uptake (scRadiotracing). RESULTS Microglia depletion by CSF1R inhibition resulted in a strong decrease of metabolic connectivity defined by decrease of mean cortical ICCs in WT mice at both ages studied (6-7 m; p = 0.0148, 9-10 m; p = 0.0191), when compared to vehicle-treated age-matched WT mice. Grn-/-, Trem2-/- and Grn-/-/Trem2-/- mice all displayed reduced FDG-PET signals when compared to WT mice. However, when analyzing metabolic networks, a distinct increase of ICCs was observed in Grn-/- mice when compared to WT mice in cortical (p < 0.0001) and hippocampal (p < 0.0001) networks. In contrast, Trem2-/- mice did not show significant alterations in metabolic connectivity when compared to WT. Furthermore, the increased metabolic connectivity in Grn-/- mice was completely suppressed in Grn-/-/Trem2-/- mice. Grn-/- mice exhibited a severe loss of neuronal FDG uptake (- 61%, p < 0.0001) which shifted allocation of cellular brain FDG uptake to microglia (42% in Grn-/- vs. 22% in WT). CONCLUSIONS Presence, absence, and activation of microglia have a strong impact on metabolic connectivity of the mouse brain. Enhanced metabolic connectivity is associated with increased microglial FDG allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gnörich
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Reifschneider
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian T. Kunte
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Beumers
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura M. Bartos
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiedemann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grosch
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XGerman Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Maryam K. Fard
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Francois Ruch
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mara Koehler
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Luna Slemann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Selina Hummel
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Briel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuan Shi
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheifele
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L. Albert
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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5
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Rudan Njavro J, Vukicevic M, Fiorini E, Dinkel L, Müller SA, Berghofer A, Bordier C, Kozlov S, Halle A, Buschmann K, Capell A, Giudici C, Willem M, Feederle R, Lichtenthaler SF, Babolin C, Montanari P, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Tahirovic S. Beneficial Effect of ACI-24 Vaccination on Aβ Plaque Pathology and Microglial Phenotypes in an Amyloidosis Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010079. [PMID: 36611872 PMCID: PMC9818422 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is an initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are the brain immune cells that surround and phagocytose Aβ plaques, but their phagocytic capacity declines in AD. This is in agreement with studies that associate AD risk loci with genes regulating the phagocytic function of immune cells. Immunotherapies are currently pursued as strategies against AD and there are increased efforts to understand the role of the immune system in ameliorating AD pathology. Here, we evaluated the effect of the Aβ targeting ACI-24 vaccine in reducing AD pathology in an amyloidosis mouse model. ACI-24 vaccination elicited a robust and sustained antibody response in APPPS1 mice with an accompanying reduction of Aβ plaque load, Aβ plaque-associated ApoE and dystrophic neurites as compared to non-vaccinated controls. Furthermore, an increased number of NLRP3-positive plaque-associated microglia was observed following ACI-24 vaccination. In contrast to this local microglial activation at Aβ plaques, we observed a more ramified morphology of Aβ plaque-distant microglia compared to non-vaccinated controls. Accordingly, bulk transcriptomic analysis revealed a trend towards the reduced expression of several disease-associated microglia (DAM) signatures that is in line with the reduced Aβ plaque load triggered by ACI-24 vaccination. Our study demonstrates that administration of the Aβ targeting vaccine ACI-24 reduces AD pathology, suggesting its use as a safe and cost-effective AD therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lina Dinkel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Berghofer
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Bordier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kozlov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Buschmann
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Giudici
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Bartos LM, Kunte ST, Beumers P, Xiang X, Wind K, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P, Choi H, Lee DS, Haass C, von Baumgarten L, Tahirovic S, Albert NL, Lindner S, Brendel M. Single-Cell Radiotracer Allocation via Immunomagnetic Sorting to Disentangle PET Signals at Cellular Resolution. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1459-1462. [PMID: 35589403 PMCID: PMC9536696 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With great interest, our independent groups of scientists located in Korea and Germany recognized the use of a very similar methodologic approach to quantify the uptake of radioactive glucose (18F-FDG) at the cellular level. The focus of our investigations was to disentangle microglial 18F-FDG uptake. To do so, CD11b immunomagnetic cell sorting was applied to isolate microglia cells after in vivo 18F-FDG injection, to allow simple quantification via a γ-counter. Importantly, this technique reveals a snapshot of cellular glucose uptake in living mice at the time of injection since 18F-FDG is trapped by hexokinase phosphorylation without a further opportunity to be metabolized. Both studies indicated high 18F-FDG uptake of single CD11b-positive microglia cells and a significant increase in microglial 18F-FDG uptake when this cell type is activated in the presence of amyloid pathology. Furthermore, another study noticed that immunomagnetic cell sorting after tracer injection facilitated determination of high 18F-FDG uptake in myeloid cells in a range of tumor models. Here, we aim to discuss the rationale for single-cell radiotracer allocation via immunomagnetic cell sorting (scRadiotracing) by providing examples of promising applications of this innovative technology in neuroscience, oncology, and radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bartos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Kunte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Beumers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- Biomedical Center, Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center, Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; and
- German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
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7
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Xiang X, Tahirovic S, Ziegler S, Haass C, Brendel M. Response to Comment on "Microglial activation states drive glucose uptake and FDG-PET alterations in neurodegenerative diseases". Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn5104. [PMID: 36001676 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microglial FDG uptake alterations are the source of FDG-PET changes in models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Xiang
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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8
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Dominko K, Rastija A, Sobocanec S, Vidatic L, Meglaj S, Lovincic Babic A, Hutter-Paier B, Colombo AV, Lichtenthaler SF, Tahirovic S, Hecimovic S. Impaired Retromer Function in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease Is Dependent on Intracellular Cholesterol Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13256. [PMID: 34948052 PMCID: PMC8705785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol within late endosomes and lysosomes due to NPC1 or NPC2 dysfunction. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that retromer impairment may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPC and may contribute to increased amyloidogenic processing of APP and enhanced BACE1-mediated proteolysis observed in NPC disease. Using NPC1-null cells, primary mouse NPC1-deficient neurons and NPC1-deficient mice (BALB/cNctr-Npc1m1N), we show that retromer function is impaired in NPC. This is manifested by altered transport of the retromer core components Vps26, Vps35 and/or retromer receptor sorLA and by retromer accumulation in neuronal processes, such as within axonal swellings. Changes in retromer distribution in NPC1 mouse brains were observed already at the presymptomatic stage (at 4-weeks of age), indicating that the retromer defect occurs early in the course of NPC disease and may contribute to downstream pathological processes. Furthermore, we show that cholesterol depletion in NPC1-null cells and in NPC1 mouse brains reverts retromer dysfunction, suggesting that retromer impairment in NPC is mechanistically dependent on cholesterol accumulation. Thus, we characterized retromer dysfunction in NPC and propose that the rescue of retromer impairment may represent a novel therapeutic approach against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dominko
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Ana Rastija
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Sandra Sobocanec
- Laboratory for Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Diabetes, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lea Vidatic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Sarah Meglaj
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Andrea Lovincic Babic
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.L.B.)
| | | | - Alessio-Vittorio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
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9
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Biechele G, Monasor LS, Wind K, Blume T, Parhizkar S, Arzberger T, Sacher C, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern‐Sternberg B, Willem M, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Herms J, Lichtenthaler SF, Haass C, Tahirovic S, Brendel M. Glitter in the darkness? Non‐fibrillar β‐amyloid plaque components significantly impact the β‐amyloid PET signal. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.051983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karin Wind
- University Hospital of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Willem
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Germany Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Axel Rominger
- University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Inselspital Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
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10
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Xiang X, Wind K, Wiedemann T, Blume T, Shi Y, Briel N, Beyer L, Biechele G, Eckenweber F, Zatcepin A, Lammich S, Ribicic S, Tahirovic S, Willem M, Deussing M, Palleis C, Rauchmann BS, Gildehaus FJ, Lindner S, Spitz C, Franzmeier N, Baumann K, Rominger A, Bartenstein P, Ziegler S, Drzezga A, Respondek G, Buerger K, Perneczky R, Levin J, Höglinger GU, Herms J, Haass C, Brendel M. Microglial activation states drive glucose uptake and FDG-PET alterations in neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe5640. [PMID: 34644146 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used to study cerebral glucose metabolism. Here, we investigated whether the FDG-PET signal is directly influenced by microglial glucose uptake in mouse models and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Using a recently developed approach for cell sorting after FDG injection, we found that, at cellular resolution, microglia displayed higher glucose uptake than neurons and astrocytes. Alterations in microglial glucose uptake were responsible for both the FDG-PET signal decrease in Trem2-deficient mice and the FDG-PET signal increase in mouse models for amyloidosis. Thus, opposite microglial activation states determine the differential FDG uptake. Consistently, 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 21 patients with four-repeat tauopathies also exhibited a positive association between glucose uptake and microglial activity as determined by 18F-GE-180 18-kDa translocator protein PET (TSPO-PET) in preserved brain regions, indicating that the cerebral glucose uptake in humans is also strongly influenced by microglial activity. Our findings suggest that microglia activation states are responsible for FDG-PET signal alterations in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and mouse models for amyloidosis. Microglial activation states should therefore be considered when performing FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Xiang
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiedemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuan Shi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Briel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Lammich
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Ribicic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Spitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Baumann
- Roche, Pharma Research and Early Development, NORD DTA/Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 5091 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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11
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Bettegazzi B, Sebastian Monasor L, Bellani S, Codazzi F, Restelli LM, Colombo AV, Deigendesch N, Frank S, Saito T, Saido TC, Lammich S, Tahirovic S, Grohovaz F, Zacchetti D. Casein Kinase 2 dependent phosphorylation of eIF4B regulates BACE1 expression in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:769. [PMID: 34349120 PMCID: PMC8339060 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Increased Aβ production plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of the disease and BACE1, the protease that triggers the amyloidogenic processing of APP, is a key protein and a pharmacological target in AD. Changes in neuronal activity have been linked to BACE1 expression and Aβ generation, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We provide clear evidence for the role of Casein Kinase 2 in the control of activity-driven BACE1 expression in cultured primary neurons, organotypic brain slices, and murine AD models. More specifically, we demonstrate that neuronal activity promotes Casein Kinase 2 dependent phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4B and this, in turn, controls BACE1 expression and APP processing. Finally, we show that eIF4B expression and phosphorylation are increased in the brain of APPPS1 and APP-KI mice, as well as in AD patients. Overall, we provide a definition of a mechanism linking brain activity with amyloid production and deposition, opening new perspectives from the therapeutic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bettegazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Serena Bellani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Codazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Basel University Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel (CH), Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Basel University Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel (CH), Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Basel University Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel (CH), Switzerland
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sven Lammich
- BMC - Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Grohovaz
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Zacchetti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Biechele G, Sebastian Monasor L, Wind K, Blume T, Parhizkar S, Arzberger T, Sacher C, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Willem M, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Herms J, Lichtenthaler S, Haass C, Tahirovic S, Brendel M. Glitter in the Darkness? Non-fibrillar β-amyloid Plaque Components Significantly Impact the β-amyloid PET Signal in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:117-124. [PMID: 34016733 PMCID: PMC8717179 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: β-amyloid PET (Aβ-PET) is an important tool for quantification of amyloidosis in the brain of suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and transgenic AD mouse models. Despite the excellent correlation of Aβ-PET with gold standard immunohistochemical assessments, the relative contributions of fibrillar and non-fibrillar Aβ components to the in vivo Aβ-PET signal remain unclear. Thus, we obtained two murine cerebral amyloidosis models that present with distinct Aβ plaque compositions and performed regression analysis between immunohistochemistry and Aβ PET to determine the biochemical contributions to Aβ-PET signal in vivo. Methods: We investigated groups of AppNL-G-F and APPPS1 mice at three, six and 12 months of age by longitudinal 18F-florbetaben Aβ-PET and with immunohistochemical analysis of the fibrillar and total Aβ burdens. We then applied group level inter-modality regression models using age and genotype matched sets of fibrillar/ non-fibrillar Aβ data (predictors) and Aβ-PET results (outcome) for both transgenic models. An independent group of double-hit APPPS1 mice with dysfunctional microglia due to knock-out of triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2-/-) served for validation and evaluation of translational impact. Results: Neither fibrillar nor non-fibrillar Aβ content alone sufficed to explain the Aβ-PET findings in either transgenic AD model. However, a regression model compiling fibrillar and non-fibrillar Aβ together with the estimate of individual heterogeneity and age at scanning could explain a 93% of variance of the Aβ-PET signal (P<0.001). Fibrillar Aβ burden had a 16-fold higher contribution to the Aβ-PET signal when compared to non-fibrillar Aβ. However, given the relatively greater abundance of non-fibrillar Aβ, we estimate that non-fibrillar Aβ produced 79±25% of the net in vivo Aβ-PET signal in AppNL-G-F mice, and 25±12% in the APPPS1 mice. Corresponding results in separate groups of APPPS1/Trem2-/- and APPPS1/Trem2+/+ mice validated the calculated regression factors and revealed that the altered fibrillarity due to Trem2 knockout impacts the Aβ-PET signal. Conclusion: Taken together, the in vivo Aβ-PET signal derives from the composite of fibrillar and non-fibrillar Aβ plaque components. While fibrillar Aβ has inherently higher PET tracer binding, the greater abundance of non-fibrillar Aβ plaque in AD model mice contributes importantly to the PET signal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karin Wind
- University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich
| | | | | | | | - Leonie Beyer
- University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich
| | | | | | | | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich
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13
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Colombo AV, Sadler RK, Llovera G, Singh V, Roth S, Heindl S, Sebastian Monasor L, Verhoeven A, Peters F, Parhizkar S, Kamp F, Gomez de Aguero M, MacPherson AJ, Winkler E, Herms J, Benakis C, Dichgans M, Steiner H, Giera M, Haass C, Tahirovic S, Liesz A. Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote Aβ plaque deposition. eLife 2021; 10:e59826. [PMID: 33845942 PMCID: PMC8043748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a crucial role of the gut microbiome in modifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. However, the mechanisms of microbiome-brain interaction in AD were so far unknown. Here, we identify microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFA) as microbial metabolites which promote Aβ deposition. Germ-free (GF) AD mice exhibit a substantially reduced Aβ plaque load and markedly reduced SCFA plasma concentrations; conversely, SCFA supplementation to GF AD mice increased the Aβ plaque load to levels of conventionally colonized (specific pathogen-free [SPF]) animals and SCFA supplementation to SPF mice even further exacerbated plaque load. This was accompanied by the pronounced alterations in microglial transcriptomic profile, including upregulation of ApoE. Despite increased microglial recruitment to Aβ plaques upon SCFA supplementation, microglia contained less intracellular Aβ. Taken together, our results demonstrate that microbiota-derived SCFA are critical mediators along the gut-brain axis which promote Aβ deposition likely via modulation of the microglial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Katie Sadler
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)LeidenNetherlands
| | - Finn Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
| | - Samira Parhizkar
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Frits Kamp
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Aguero
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin InselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Andrew J MacPherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin InselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Edith Winkler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Harald Steiner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)LeidenNetherlands
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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14
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Biechele G, Wind K, Blume T, Sacher C, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Franzmeier N, Ewers M, Zott B, Lindner S, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Tahirovic S, Willem M, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Herms J, Brendel M. Microglial activation in the right amygdala-entorhinal-hippocampal complex is associated with preserved spatial learning in App NL-G-F mice. Neuroimage 2020; 230:117707. [PMID: 33385560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer`s disease (AD), regional heterogeneity of β-amyloid burden and microglial activation of individual patients is a well-known phenomenon. Recently, we described a high incidence of inter-individual regional heterogeneity in terms of asymmetry of plaque burden and microglial activation in β-amyloid mouse models of AD as assessed by positron-emission-tomography (PET). We now investigate the regional associations between amyloid plaque burden, microglial activation, and impaired spatial learning performance in transgenic mice in vivo. METHODS In 30 AppNL-G-F mice (15 female, 15 male) we acquired cross-sectional 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO-PET, 18F-GE-180) and β-amyloid-PET (18F-florbetaben) scans at ten months of age. Control data were obtained from age- and sex-matched C57BI/6 wild-type mice. We assessed spatial learning (i.e. Morris water maze) within two weeks of PET scanning and correlated the principal component of spatial learning performance scores with voxel-wise β-amyloid and TSPO tracer uptake maps in AppNL-G-F mice, controlled for age and sex. In order to assess the effects of hemispheric asymmetry, we also analyzed correlations of spatial learning performance with tracer uptake in bilateral regions of interest for frontal cortex, entorhinal/piriform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, using a regression model. We tested the correlation between regional asymmetry of PET biomarkers with individual spatial learning performance. RESULTS Voxel-wise analyses in AppNL-G-F mice revealed that higher TSPO-PET signal in the amygdala, entorhinal and piriform cortices, the hippocampus and the hypothalamus correlated with spatial learning performance. Region-based analysis showed significant correlations between TSPO expression in the right entorhinal/piriform cortex and the right amygdala and spatial learning performance, whereas there were no such correlations in the left hemisphere. Right lateralized TSPO expression in the amygdala predicted better performance in the Morris water maze (β = -0.470, p = 0.013), irrespective of the global microglial activation and amyloid level. Region-based results for amyloid-PET showed no significant associations with spatial learning. CONCLUSION Elevated microglial activation in the right amygdala-entorhinal-hippocampal complex of AppNL-G-F mice is associated with better spatial learning. Our findings support a protective role of microglia on cognitive function when they highly express TSPO in specific brain regions involved in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
| | - Michael Ewers
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
| | - Benedikt Zott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Herms
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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15
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Biechele G, Sacher C, Blume T, Beyer L, Sauerbeck J, Eckenweber F, Deussing M, Focke C, Parhizkar S, Lindner S, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern‐Sternberg B, Baumann K, Tahirovic S, Kleinberger G, Willem M, Haass C, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Herms J, Brendel M. Asymmetry of plaque burden in amyloid mouse models. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja Blume
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | - Carola Focke
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | | | - Simon Lindner
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Axel Rominger
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
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16
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Lewcock JW, Schlepckow K, Di Paolo G, Tahirovic S, Monroe KM, Haass C. Emerging Microglia Biology Defines Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuron 2020; 108:801-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Tüshaus J, Müller SA, Kataka ES, Zaucha J, Sebastian Monasor L, Su M, Güner G, Jocher G, Tahirovic S, Frishman D, Simons M, Lichtenthaler SF. An optimized quantitative proteomics method establishes the cell type-resolved mouse brain secretome. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105693. [PMID: 32954517 PMCID: PMC7560198 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how cells communicate in the nervous system, it is essential to define their secretome, which is challenging for primary cells because of large cell numbers being required. Here, we miniaturized secretome analysis by developing the “high‐performance secretome protein enrichment with click sugars” (hiSPECS) method. To demonstrate its broad utility, hiSPECS was used to identify the secretory response of brain slices upon LPS‐induced neuroinflammation and to establish the cell type‐resolved mouse brain secretome resource using primary astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. This resource allowed mapping the cellular origin of CSF proteins and revealed that an unexpectedly high number of secreted proteins in vitro and in vivo are proteolytically cleaved membrane protein ectodomains. Two examples are neuronally secreted ADAM22 and CD200, which we identified as substrates of the Alzheimer‐linked protease BACE1. hiSPECS and the brain secretome resource can be widely exploited to systematically study protein secretion and brain function and to identify cell type‐specific biomarkers for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evans Sioma Kataka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Zaucha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Minhui Su
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gökhan Güner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Jocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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18
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Sebastian Monasor L, Müller SA, Colombo AV, Tanrioever G, König J, Roth S, Liesz A, Berghofer A, Piechotta A, Prestel M, Saito T, Saido TC, Herms J, Willem M, Haass C, Lichtenthaler SF, Tahirovic S. Fibrillar Aβ triggers microglial proteome alterations and dysfunction in Alzheimer mouse models. eLife 2020; 9:54083. [PMID: 32510331 PMCID: PMC7279888 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial dysfunction is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about proteome-wide changes in microglia during the course of AD and their functional consequences. Here, we performed an in-depth and time-resolved proteomic characterization of microglia in two mouse models of amyloid β (Aβ) pathology, the overexpression APPPS1 and the knock-in APP-NL-G-F (APP-KI) model. We identified a large panel of Microglial Aβ Response Proteins (MARPs) that reflect heterogeneity of microglial alterations during early, middle and advanced stages of Aβ deposition and occur earlier in the APPPS1 mice. Strikingly, the kinetic differences in proteomic profiles correlated with the presence of fibrillar Aβ, rather than dystrophic neurites, suggesting that fibrillar Aβ may trigger the AD-associated microglial phenotype and the observed functional decline. The identified microglial proteomic fingerprints of AD provide a valuable resource for functional studies of novel molecular targets and potential biomarkers for monitoring AD progression or therapeutic efficacy. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder. Patients with Alzheimer’s have problems with memory and other mental skills, which lead to more severe cognitive decline and, eventually, premature death. This is due to increasing numbers of nerve cells in the brain dying over time. A distinctive feature of Alzheimer’s is the abnormally high accumulation of a protein called amyloid-β, which forms distinctive clumps in the brain termed ‘plaques’. The brain has a type of cells called the microglia that identify infections, toxic material and damaged cells, and prevent these from building up by clearing them away. In Alzheimer’s disease, however, the microglia do not work properly, which is thought to contribute to the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques. This means that people with mutations in the genes important for the microglia activity are also at higher risk of developing the disease. Although problems with the microglia play an important role in Alzheimer’s, researchers still do not fully understand why microglia stop working in the first place. It is also not known exactly when and how the microglia change as Alzheimer’s disease progresses. To unravel this mystery, Sebastian Monasor, Müller et al. carried out a detailed study of the molecular ‘fingerprints’ of microglia at each key stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experiments used microglia cells from two different strains of genetically altered mice, both of which develop the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, including amyloid-β plaques, at similar rates. Analysis of the proteins in microglia cells from both strains revealed distinctive, large-scale changes corresponding to successive stages of the disease – reflecting the gradual accumulation of plaques. Obvious defects in microglia function also appeared soon after plaques started to build up. Microscopy imaging of the brain tissue showed that although amyloid-β plaques appeared at the same time, they looked different in each mouse strain. In one, plaques were more compact, while in the other, plaques appeared ‘fluffier’, like cotton wool. In mice with more compacted plaques, microglia recognized the plaques earlier and stopped working sooner, suggesting that plaque structure and microglia defects could be linked. These results shed new light on the role of microglia and their changing protein ‘signals’ during the different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. In the future, this information could help identify people at risk for the disease, so that they can be treated as soon as possible, and to design new therapies to make microglia work again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sebastian Monasor
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gaye Tanrioever
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin König
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Berghofer
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Piechotta
- Department of Molecular Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan.,Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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19
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Sacher C, Blume T, Beyer L, Biechele G, Sauerbeck J, Eckenweber F, Deussing M, Focke C, Parhizkar S, Lindner S, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Baumann K, Tahirovic S, Kleinberger G, Willem M, Haass C, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Herms J, Brendel M. Asymmetry of Fibrillar Plaque Burden in Amyloid Mouse Models. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1825-1831. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.242750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Götzl JK, Brendel M, Werner G, Parhizkar S, Sebastian Monasor L, Kleinberger G, Colombo AV, Deussing M, Wagner M, Winkelmann J, Diehl-Schmid J, Levin J, Fellerer K, Reifschneider A, Bultmann S, Bartenstein P, Rominger A, Tahirovic S, Smith ST, Madore C, Butovsky O, Capell A, Haass C. Opposite microglial activation stages upon loss of PGRN or TREM2 result in reduced cerebral glucose metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809711. [PMID: 31122931 PMCID: PMC6554672 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia adopt numerous fates with homeostatic microglia (HM) and a microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) representing two opposite ends. A number of variants in genes selectively expressed in microglia are associated with an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Among these genes are progranulin (GRN) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Both cause neurodegeneration by mechanisms involving loss of function. We have now isolated microglia from Grn−/− mice and compared their transcriptomes to those of Trem2−/−mice. Surprisingly, while loss of Trem2 enhances the expression of genes associated with a homeostatic state, microglia derived from Grn−/− mice showed a reciprocal activation of the MGnD molecular signature and suppression of gene characteristic for HM. The opposite mRNA expression profiles are associated with divergent functional phenotypes. Although loss of TREM2 and progranulin resulted in opposite activation states and functional phenotypes of microglia, FDG (fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose)‐μPET of brain revealed reduced glucose metabolism in both conditions, suggesting that opposite microglial phenotypes result in similar wide spread brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Götzl
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Samira Parhizkar
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institut of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institut of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Fellerer
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Reifschneider
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Scott T Smith
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anja Capell
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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21
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Schlepckow K, Monroe KM, Kleinberger G, Cantuti‐Castelvetri L, Parhizkar S, Xia D, Willem M, Werner G, Pettkus N, Brunner B, Sülzen A, Nuscher B, Hampel H, Xiang X, Feederle R, Tahirovic S, Park JI, Prorok R, Mahon C, Liang C, Shi J, Kim DJ, Sabelström H, Huang F, Di Paolo G, Simons M, Lewcock JW, Haass C. Enhancing protective microglial activities with a dual function TREM2 antibody to the stalk region. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11227. [PMID: 32154671 PMCID: PMC7136959 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is essential for the transition of homeostatic microglia to a disease-associated microglial state. To enhance TREM2 activity, we sought to selectively increase the full-length protein on the cell surface via reducing its proteolytic shedding by A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (i.e., α-secretase) 10/17. We screened a panel of monoclonal antibodies against TREM2, with the aim to selectively compete for α-secretase-mediated shedding. Monoclonal antibody 4D9, which has a stalk region epitope close to the cleavage site, demonstrated dual mechanisms of action by stabilizing TREM2 on the cell surface and reducing its shedding, and concomitantly activating phospho-SYK signaling. 4D9 stimulated survival of macrophages and increased microglial uptake of myelin debris and amyloid β-peptide in vitro. In vivo target engagement was demonstrated in cerebrospinal fluid, where nearly all soluble TREM2 was 4D9-bound. Moreover, in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease-related pathology, 4D9 reduced amyloidogenesis, enhanced microglial TREM2 expression, and reduced a homeostatic marker, suggesting a protective function by driving microglia toward a disease-associated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Present address:
ISAR Bioscience GmbHPlaneggGermany
| | | | - Samira Parhizkar
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Dan Xia
- Denali Therapeutics Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Michael Willem
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Georg Werner
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Nadine Pettkus
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Bettina Brunner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alice Sülzen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Heike Hampel
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Graduate School of Systemic NeuroscienceLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute for Diabetes and ObesityCore Facility Monoclonal Antibody DevelopmentMunichGermany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Cathal Mahon
- Denali Therapeutics Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Ju Shi
- Denali Therapeutics Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
- Present address:
Jazz PharmaceuticalsPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Denali Therapeutics Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Fen Huang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (TUM‐NZB)MunichGermany
| | | | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) MunichMunichGermany
- Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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22
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Schneider SA, Tahirovic S, Hardy J, Strupp M, Bremova-Ertl T. Do heterozygous mutations of Niemann-Pick type C predispose to late-onset neurodegeneration: a review of the literature. J Neurol 2019; 268:2055-2064. [PMID: 31701332 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/METHODS Monogenic diseases are important models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia. Notably, for some disorders, homozygosity is associated with a complex metabolic disease, while heterozygosity predisposes to late-onset neurodegeneration. For instance, biallelic glucocerebrosidase gene mutations cause Gaucher's disease, while heterozygous mutations are a common genetic risk factor for late-onset PD. Little is known about similar risks of related diseases, such as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC). Given that both conditions map into related, i.e., lysosomal, pathways, we hypothesize a similar risk of single-NPC gene mutations. Indeed, there is increasing evidence based on clinical observations in humans and animal studies. Here we review the current knowledge of NPC heterozygosity. RESULTS Family history studies suggest a high proportion of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases in NPC families. We identified 19 cases with heterozygous NPC mutations in the literature who presented with a neurodegenerative disease, including levodopa-responsive PD, atypical parkinsonism (PSP, CBD), dystonia or dementia with a mean age at onset of about 57 years (range 8-87). Consistent splenomegaly and mildly abnormal filipin staining results have also been reported in heterozygous gene mutation carriers. Imaging and pathological data support this notion. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This finding has wider implications in so far as NPC-related forms of Parkinsonian syndromes, dementia, motor neuron disease and other neurodegenerative disorders may benefit from NPC-mechanistic therapies, in particular related to lysosomal dysfunction. Further research is warranted to generate systematic data of heterozygous mutation carriers, including longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Within the Helmholtz Association, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich, Germany
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Bremova-Ertl
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Parhizkar S, Arzberger T, Brendel M, Kleinberger G, Deussing M, Focke C, Nuscher B, Xiong M, Ghasemigharagoz A, Katzmarski N, Krasemann S, Lichtenthaler SF, Müller SA, Colombo A, Monasor LS, Tahirovic S, Herms J, Willem M, Pettkus N, Butovsky O, Bartenstein P, Edbauer D, Rominger A, Ertürk A, Grathwohl SA, Neher JJ, Holtzman DM, Meyer-Luehmann M, Haass C. Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:191-204. [PMID: 30617257 PMCID: PMC6417433 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coding variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrate that amyloid plaque seeding is increased in the absence of functional Trem2. Increased seeding is accompanied by decreased microglial clustering around newly seeded plaques and reduced plaque-associated apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Reduced ApoE deposition in plaques is also observed in brains of AD patients carrying TREM2 coding variants. Proteomic analyses and microglia depletion experiments revealed microglia as one origin of plaque-associated ApoE. Longitudinal amyloid small animal positron emission tomography demonstrates accelerated amyloidogenesis in Trem2 loss-of-function mutants at early stages, which progressed at a lower rate with aging. These findings suggest that in the absence of functional Trem2, early amyloidogenesis is accelerated due to reduced phagocytic clearance of amyloid seeds despite reduced plaque-associated ApoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Parhizkar
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Monica Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alireza Ghasemigharagoz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Katzmarski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Pettkus
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A Grathwohl
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Haass
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
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24
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Montagna E, Crux S, Luckner M, Herber J, Colombo AV, Marinković P, Tahirovic S, Lichtenthaler SF, Wanner G, Müller UC, Sgobio C, Herms J. In vivo
Ca
2+
imaging of astrocytic microdomains reveals a critical role of the amyloid precursor protein for mitochondria. Glia 2019; 67:985-998. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montagna
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Division of Translational Brain Research, Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig–Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Sophie Crux
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Division of Translational Brain Research, Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig–Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department Biology I, BiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians University Munich Martinsried Germany
| | - Julia Herber
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced StudyTechnische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Alessio V. Colombo
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Petar Marinković
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced StudyTechnische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biology I, BiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians University Munich Martinsried Germany
| | - Ulrike C. Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carmelo Sgobio
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Division of Translational Brain Research, Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig–Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
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25
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Claes C, Van Den Daele J, Boon R, Schouteden S, Colombo A, Monasor LS, Fiers M, Ordovás L, Nami F, Bohrmann B, Tahirovic S, De Strooper B, Verfaillie CM. Human stem cell-derived monocytes and microglia-like cells reveal impaired amyloid plaque clearance upon heterozygous or homozygous loss of TREM2. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:453-464. [PMID: 30442540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Murine microglia expressing the Alzheimer's disease-linked TREM2R47H mutation display variable decrease in phagocytosis, while impaired phagocytosis is reported following loss of TREM2. However, no data exist on TREM2+/R47H human microglia. Therefore, we created human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) monocytes and transdifferentiated microglia-like cells (tMGs) to examine the effect of the TREM2+/R47H mutation and loss of TREM2 on phagocytosis. METHODS We generated isogenic TREM2+/R47H, TREM2+/-, and TREM2-/- hPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9. Following differentiation to monocytes and tMGs, we studied the uptake of Escherichia coli fragments and analyzed amyloid plaque clearance from cryosections of APP/PS1+/- mouse brains. RESULTS We demonstrated that tMGs resemble cultured human microglia. TREM2+/- and TREM2-/- hPSC monocytes and tMGs phagocytosed significantly less E. coli fragments and cleared less amyloid plaques than wild-type hPSC progeny, with no difference for TREM2+/R47H progeny. DISCUSSION In vitro phagocytosis of hPSC monocytes and tMGs was not affected by the TREM2+/R47H mutation but was significantly impaired in TREM2+/- and TREM2-/- progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Claes
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johanna Van Den Daele
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Schouteden
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mark Fiers
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Ordovás
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - FatemehArefeh Nami
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Bohrmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development NORD Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Götzl JK, Colombo AV, Fellerer K, Reifschneider A, Werner G, Tahirovic S, Haass C, Capell A. Early lysosomal maturation deficits in microglia triggers enhanced lysosomal activity in other brain cells of progranulin knockout mice. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:48. [PMID: 30180904 PMCID: PMC6123925 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) lead to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) while the complete loss of progranulin (PGRN) function results in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Thus the growth factor-like protein PGRN may play an important role in lysosomal degradation. In line with a potential lysosomal function, PGRN is partially localized and processed in lysosomes. In the central nervous system (CNS), PGRN is like other lysosomal proteins highly expressed in microglia, further supporting an important role in protein degradation. We have previously reported that cathepsin (Cat) D is elevated in GRN-associated FTLD patients and Grn knockout mice. However, the primary mechanism that causes impaired protein degradation and elevated CatD levels upon PGRN deficiency in NCL and FTLD remains unclear. Methods mRNA expression analysis of selected lysosomal hydrolases, lysosomal membrane proteins and autophagy-related genes was performed by NanoString nCounter panel. Protein expression, maturation and in vitro activity of Cat D, B and L in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and brains of Grn knockout mice were investigated. To selectively characterize microglial and non-microglial brain cells, an acutely isolated microglia fraction using MACS microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec) conjugated with CD11b antibody and a microglia-depleted fraction were analyzed for protein expression and maturation of selected cathepsins. Results We demonstrate that loss of PGRN results in enhanced expression, maturation and in vitro activity of Cat D, B and L in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and brain extracts of aged Grn knockout mice. Consistent with an overall enhanced expression and activity of lysosomal proteases in brain of Grn knockout mice, we observed an age-dependent transcriptional upregulation of certain lysosomal proteases. Thus, lysosomal dysfunction is not reflected by transcriptional downregulation of lysosomal proteases but rather by the upregulation of certain lysosomal proteases in an age-dependent manner. Surprisingly, cell specific analyses identified early lysosomal deficits in microglia before enhanced cathepsin levels could be detected in other brain cells, suggesting different functional consequences on lysosomal homeostasis in microglia and other brain cells upon lack of PGRN. Conclusions The present study uncovers early and selective lysosomal dysfunctions in Grn knockout microglia/macrophages. Dysregulated lysosomal homeostasis in microglia might trigger compensatory lysosomal changes in other brain cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0281-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Götzl
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Fellerer
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Reifschneider
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anja Capell
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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27
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Mazaheri F, Snaidero N, Kleinberger G, Madore C, Daria A, Werner G, Krasemann S, Capell A, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Brunner B, Bultmann S, Tahirovic S, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T, Butovsky O, Haass C. TREM2 deficiency impairs chemotaxis and microglial responses to neuronal injury. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1186-1198. [PMID: 28483841 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201743922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variations in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been linked to an increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In the brain, TREM2 is predominantly expressed in microglia. Several disease-associated TREM2 variants result in a loss of function by reducing microglial phagocytosis, impairing lipid sensing, preventing binding of lipoproteins and affecting shielding of amyloid plaques. We here investigate the consequences of TREM2 loss of function on the microglia transcriptome. Among the differentially expressed messenger RNAs in wild-type and Trem2-/- microglia, gene clusters are identified which represent gene functions in chemotaxis, migration and mobility. Functional analyses confirm that loss of TREM2 impairs appropriate microglial responses to injury and signals that normally evoke chemotaxis on multiple levels. In an ex vivo organotypic brain slice assay, absence of TREM2 reduces the distance migrated by microglia. Moreover, migration towards defined chemo-attractants is reduced upon ablation of TREM2 and can be rescued by TREM2 re-expression. In vivo, microglia lacking TREM2 migrate less towards injected apoptotic neurons, and outgrowth of microglial processes towards sites of laser-induced focal CNS damage in the somatosensory cortex is slowed. The apparent lack of chemotactic stimulation upon depletion of TREM2 is consistent with a stable expression profile of genes characterizing the homoeostatic signature of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fargol Mazaheri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center (BMC) and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Daria
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Developmental Genetics, Technical University Munich-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Brunner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center (BMC) and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
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28
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Daria A, Colombo A, Llovera G, Hampel H, Willem M, Liesz A, Haass C, Tahirovic S. Young microglia restore amyloid plaque clearance of aged microglia. EMBO J 2016; 36:583-603. [PMID: 28007893 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. In order to study microglial contribution to amyloid plaque phagocytosis, we developed a novel ex vivo model by co-culturing organotypic brain slices from up to 20-month-old, amyloid-bearing AD mouse model (APPPS1) and young, neonatal wild-type (WT) mice. Surprisingly, co-culturing resulted in proliferation, recruitment, and clustering of old microglial cells around amyloid plaques and clearance of the plaque halo. Depletion of either old or young microglial cells prevented amyloid plaque clearance, indicating a synergistic effect of both populations. Exposing old microglial cells to conditioned media of young microglia or addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was sufficient to induce microglial proliferation and reduce amyloid plaque size. Our data suggest that microglial dysfunction in AD may be reversible and their phagocytic ability can be modulated to limit amyloid accumulation. This novel ex vivo model provides a valuable system for identification, screening, and testing of compounds aimed to therapeutically reinforce microglial phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Daria
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and dementia research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Hampel
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and dementia research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
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29
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Schwenk BM, Hartmann H, Serdaroglu A, Schludi MH, Hornburg D, Meissner F, Orozco D, Colombo A, Tahirovic S, Michaelsen M, Schreiber F, Haupt S, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Küpper C, Klopstock T, Otto M, Ludolph AC, Arzberger T, Kuhn PH, Edbauer D. TDP-43 loss of function inhibits endosomal trafficking and alters trophic signaling in neurons. EMBO J 2016; 35:2350-2370. [PMID: 27621269 PMCID: PMC5090220 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear clearance of TDP-43 into cytoplasmic aggregates is a key driver of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that TDP-43 knockdown specifically reduces the number and motility of RAB11-positive recycling endosomes in dendrites, while TDP-43 overexpression has the opposite effect. This is associated with delayed transferrin recycling in TDP-43-knockdown neurons and decreased β2-transferrin levels in patient CSF Whole proteome quantification identified the upregulation of the ESCRT component VPS4B upon TDP-43 knockdown in neurons. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggest that TDP-43 represses VPS4B transcription. Preventing VPS4B upregulation or expression of its functional antagonist ALIX restores trafficking of recycling endosomes. Proteomic analysis revealed the broad reduction in surface expression of key receptors upon TDP-43 knockdown, including ErbB4, the neuregulin 1 receptor. TDP-43 knockdown delays the surface delivery of ErbB4. ErbB4 overexpression, but not neuregulin 1 stimulation, prevents dendrite loss upon TDP-43 knockdown. Thus, impaired recycling of ErbB4 and other receptors to the cell surface may contribute to TDP-43-induced neurodegeneration by blocking trophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Schwenk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alperen Serdaroglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin H Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Felix Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Denise Orozco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Meike Michaelsen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clemens Küpper
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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30
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Willem M, Tahirovic S, Busche MA, Ovsepian SV, Chafai M, Kootar S, Hornburg D, Evans LDB, Moore S, Daria A, Hampel H, Müller V, Giudici C, Nuscher B, Wenninger-Weinzierl A, Kremmer E, Heneka MT, Thal DR, Giedraitis V, Lannfelt L, Müller U, Livesey FJ, Meissner F, Herms J, Konnerth A, Marie H, Haass C. η-Secretase processing of APP inhibits neuronal activity in the hippocampus. Nature 2015; 526:443-7. [PMID: 26322584 DOI: 10.1038/nature14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques, which are predominantly composed of amyloid-β peptide. Two principal physiological pathways either prevent or promote amyloid-β generation from its precursor, β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), in a competitive manner. Although APP processing has been studied in great detail, unknown proteolytic events seem to hinder stoichiometric analyses of APP metabolism in vivo. Here we describe a new physiological APP processing pathway, which generates proteolytic fragments capable of inhibiting neuronal activity within the hippocampus. We identify higher molecular mass carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs) of APP, termed CTF-η, in addition to the long-known CTF-α and CTF-β fragments generated by the α- and β-secretases ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10) and BACE1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1), respectively. CTF-η generation is mediated in part by membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinases such as MT5-MMP, referred to as η-secretase activity. η-Secretase cleavage occurs primarily at amino acids 504-505 of APP695, releasing a truncated ectodomain. After shedding of this ectodomain, CTF-η is further processed by ADAM10 and BACE1 to release long and short Aη peptides (termed Aη-α and Aη-β). CTFs produced by η-secretase are enriched in dystrophic neurites in an AD mouse model and in human AD brains. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 activity results in robust accumulation of CTF-η and Aη-α. In mice treated with a potent BACE1 inhibitor, hippocampal long-term potentiation was reduced. Notably, when recombinant or synthetic Aη-α was applied on hippocampal slices ex vivo, long-term potentiation was lowered. Furthermore, in vivo single-cell two-photon calcium imaging showed that hippocampal neuronal activity was attenuated by Aη-α. These findings not only demonstrate a major functionally relevant APP processing pathway, but may also indicate potential translational relevance for therapeutic strategies targeting APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Magda Chafai
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Scherazad Kootar
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Lewis D B Evans
- Gurdon Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute &Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Steven Moore
- Gurdon Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute &Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Anna Daria
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Hampel
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Giudici
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Unit, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Institute of Pathology - Laboratory for Neuropathology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Functional Genomics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederick J Livesey
- Gurdon Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute &Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Felix Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hélène Marie
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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31
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Kleinberger G, Yamanishi Y, Suárez-Calvet M, Czirr E, Lohmann E, Cuyvers E, Struyfs H, Pettkus N, Wenninger-Weinzierl A, Mazaheri F, Tahirovic S, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Fortea J, Willem M, Lammich S, Molinuevo JL, Sánchez-Valle R, Antonell A, Ramirez A, Heneka MT, Sleegers K, van der Zee J, Martin JJ, Engelborghs S, Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Zetterberg H, Van Broeckhoven C, Gurvit H, Wyss-Coray T, Hardy J, Colonna M, Haass C. TREM2 mutations implicated in neurodegeneration impair cell surface transport and phagocytosis. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:243ra86. [PMID: 24990881 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been linked to Nasu-Hakola disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and FTD-like syndrome without bone involvement. TREM2 is an innate immune receptor preferentially expressed by microglia and is involved in inflammation and phagocytosis. Whether and how TREM2 missense mutations affect TREM2 function is unclear. We report that missense mutations associated with FTD and FTD-like syndrome reduce TREM2 maturation, abolish shedding by ADAM proteases, and impair the phagocytic activity of TREM2-expressing cells. As a consequence of reduced shedding, TREM2 is virtually absent in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of a patient with FTD-like syndrome. A decrease in soluble TREM2 was also observed in the CSF of patients with AD and FTD, further suggesting that reduced TREM2 function may contribute to increased risk for two neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Kleinberger
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Yamanishi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Czirr
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ebba Lohmann
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey. Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elise Cuyvers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nadine Pettkus
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Fargol Mazaheri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Willem
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Lammich
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - José L Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic i Universitari, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic i Universitari, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic i Universitari, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Neurology, 53127 Bonn, Germany. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Antwerp Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Asli Demirtas-Tatlidede
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden. Reta Lila Weston Laboratories and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Neuroscience IDP Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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32
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Banzhaf-Strathmann J, Benito E, May S, Arzberger T, Tahirovic S, Kretzschmar H, Fischer A, Edbauer D. MicroRNA-125b induces tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2014; 33:1667-80. [PMID: 25001178 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, but no clear disease-initiating mechanism is known. Aβ deposits and neuronal tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau are characteristic for AD. Here, we analyze the contribution of microRNA-125b (miR-125b), which is elevated in AD. In primary neurons, overexpression of miR-125b causes tau hyperphosphorylation and an upregulation of p35, cdk5, and p44/42-MAPK signaling. In parallel, the phosphatases DUSP6 and PPP1CA and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-W are downregulated as direct targets of miR-125b. Knockdown of these phosphatases induces tau hyperphosphorylation, and overexpression of PPP1CA and Bcl-W prevents miR-125b-induced tau phosphorylation, suggesting that they mediate the effects of miR-125b on tau. Conversely, suppression of miR-125b in neurons by tough decoys reduces tau phosphorylation and kinase expression/activity. Injecting miR-125b into the hippocampus of mice impairs associative learning and is accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-W, DUSP6, and PPP1CA, resulting in increased tau phosphorylation in vivo. Importantly, DUSP6 and PPP1CA are also reduced in AD brains. These data implicate miR-125b in the pathogenesis of AD by promoting pathological tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Benito
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, c/o European Neuroscience Institute ENI-G, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie May
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans Kretzschmar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, c/o European Neuroscience Institute ENI-G, Göttingen, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany Adolf Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Götzl JK, Mori K, Damme M, Fellerer K, Tahirovic S, Kleinberger G, Janssens J, van der Zee J, Lang CM, Kremmer E, Martin JJ, Engelborghs S, Kretzschmar HA, Arzberger T, Van Broeckhoven C, Haass C, Capell A. Common pathobiochemical hallmarks of progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:845-60. [PMID: 24619111 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin (GRN) gene and the resulting reduction of GRN levels is a common genetic cause for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43. Recently, it has been shown that a complete GRN deficiency due to a homozygous GRN loss-of-function mutation causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disorder. These findings suggest that lysosomal dysfunction may also contribute to some extent to FTLD. Indeed, Grn(-/-) mice recapitulate not only pathobiochemical features of GRN-associated FTLD-TDP (FTLD-TDP/GRN), but also those which are characteristic for NCL and lysosomal impairment. In Grn(-/-) mice the lysosomal proteins cathepsin D (CTSD), LAMP (lysosomal-associated membrane protein) 1 and the NCL storage components saposin D and subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) were all found to be elevated. Moreover, these mice display increased levels of transmembrane protein (TMEM) 106B, a lysosomal protein known as a risk factor for FTLD-TDP pathology. In line with a potential pathological overlap of FTLD and NCL, Ctsd(-/-) mice, a model for NCL, show elevated levels of the FTLD-associated proteins GRN and TMEM106B. In addition, pathologically phosphorylated TDP-43 occurs in Ctsd(-/-) mice to a similar extent as in Grn(-/-) mice. Consistent with these findings, some NCL patients accumulate pathologically phosphorylated TDP-43 within their brains. Based on these observations, we searched for pathological marker proteins, which are characteristic for NCL or lysosomal impairment in brains of FTLD-TDP/GRN patients. Strikingly, saposin D, SCMAS as well as the lysosomal proteins CTSD and LAMP1/2 are all elevated in patients with FTLD-TDP/GRN. Thus, our findings suggest that lysosomal storage disorders and GRN-associated FTLD may share common features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Götzl
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Schwenk BM, Lang CM, Hogl S, Tahirovic S, Orozco D, Rentzsch K, Lichtenthaler SF, Hoogenraad CC, Capell A, Haass C, Edbauer D. The FTLD risk factor TMEM106B and MAP6 control dendritic trafficking of lysosomes. EMBO J 2013; 33:450-67. [PMID: 24357581 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201385857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM106B is a major risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology. TMEM106B localizes to lysosomes, but its function remains unclear. We show that TMEM106B knockdown in primary neurons affects lysosomal trafficking and blunts dendritic arborization. We identify microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) as novel interacting protein for TMEM106B. MAP6 over-expression inhibits dendritic branching similar to TMEM106B knockdown. MAP6 knockdown fully rescues the dendritic phenotype of TMEM106B knockdown, supporting a functional interaction between TMEM106B and MAP6. Live imaging reveals that TMEM106B knockdown and MAP6 overexpression strongly increase retrograde transport of lysosomes in dendrites. Downregulation of MAP6 in TMEM106B knockdown neurons restores the balance of anterograde and retrograde lysosomal transport and thereby prevents loss of dendrites. To strengthen the link, we enhanced anterograde lysosomal transport by expressing dominant-negative Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), which also rescues the dendrite loss in TMEM106B knockdown neurons. Thus, TMEM106B/MAP6 interaction is crucial for controlling dendritic trafficking of lysosomes, presumably by acting as a molecular brake for retrograde transport. Lysosomal misrouting may promote neurodegeneration in patients with TMEM106B risk variants.
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Bachhuber T, McCarter J, Tahirovic S, Nuscher B, Kamp F, Abou‐Ajram C, Serrano‐Pozo A, Hyman B, Haass C, Meyer‐Luehmann M. P4–010: Cross‐inhibition of beta‐amyloid plaque formation by alpha‐synuclein. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bachhuber
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/ Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Joanna McCarter
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/ Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/ Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Frits Kamp
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Abou‐Ajram
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Alberto Serrano‐Pozo
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease/Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts United States
| | - Bradley Hyman
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease/Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts United States
| | - Christian Haass
- Adolf Butenandt Institute/Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Germany
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Cheret C, Willem M, Fricker FR, Wende H, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Tahirovic S, Nave KA, Saftig P, Haass C, Garratt AN, Bennett DL, Birchmeier C. Bace1 and Neuregulin-1 cooperate to control formation and maintenance of muscle spindles. EMBO J 2013; 32:2015-28. [PMID: 23792428 PMCID: PMC3715864 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protease β-secretase 1 (Bace1) was identified through its critical role in production of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), the major component of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Bace1 is considered a promising target for the treatment of this pathology, but processes additional substrates, among them Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1). Our biochemical analysis indicates that Bace1 processes the Ig-containing β1 Nrg1 (IgNrg1β1) isoform. We find that a graded reduction in IgNrg1 signal strength in vivo results in increasingly severe deficits in formation and maturation of muscle spindles, a proprioceptive organ critical for muscle coordination. Further, we show that Bace1 is required for formation and maturation of the muscle spindle. Finally, pharmacological inhibition and conditional mutagenesis in adult animals demonstrate that Bace1 and Nrg1 are essential to sustain muscle spindles and to maintain motor coordination. Our results assign to Bace1 a role in the control of coordinated movement through its regulation of muscle spindle physiology, and implicate IgNrg1-dependent processing as a molecular mechanism. Bace1 is required for Nrg1 processing for muscle spindle development. Bace1 inhibition leads to loss of motor coordination even in adult mice, suggesting potentially serious side effects for drugs targeting Bace1 as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Cheret
- Entwicklungsbiologie/Signaltransduktion, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Flynn KC, Hellal F, Neukirchen D, Jacob S, Tahirovic S, Dupraz S, Stern S, Garvalov BK, Gurniak C, Shaw AE, Meyn L, Wedlich-Söldner R, Bamburg JR, Small JV, Witke W, Bradke F. ADF/cofilin-mediated actin retrograde flow directs neurite formation in the developing brain. Neuron 2013; 76:1091-107. [PMID: 23259946 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurites are the characteristic structural element of neurons that will initiate brain connectivity and elaborate information. Early in development, neurons are spherical cells but this symmetry is broken through the initial formation of neurites. This fundamental step is thought to rely on actin and microtubule dynamics. However, it is unclear which aspects of the complex actin behavior control neuritogenesis and which molecular mechanisms are involved. Here, we demonstrate that augmented actin retrograde flow and protrusion dynamics facilitate neurite formation. Our data indicate that a single family of actin regulatory proteins, ADF/Cofilin, provides the required control of actin retrograde flow and dynamics to form neurites. In particular, the F-actin severing activity of ADF/Cofilin organizes space for the protrusion and bundling of microtubules, the backbone of neurites. Our data reveal how ADF/Cofilin organizes the cytoskeleton to drive actin retrograde flow and thus break the spherical shape of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Flynn
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Orozco D, Tahirovic S, Rentzsch K, Schwenk BM, Haass C, Edbauer D. Loss of fused in sarcoma (FUS) promotes pathological Tau splicing. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:759-64. [PMID: 22710833 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients present pathological redistribution and aggregation of the nuclear protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) in the cytoplasm. Although FUS associates with the spliceosomal complex, no endogenous neuronal splicing targets have been identified. Here we identify Tau mRNA as a physiological splicing target of FUS. In mouse brain, FUS directly binds to Tau pre-mRNA, and knockdown of FUS in hippocampal neurons leads to preferential inclusion of Tau exons 3 and 10. FUS knockdown causes significant growth cone enlargement and disorganization reminiscent of Tau loss of function. These findings suggest that disturbed cytoskeletal function and enhanced expression of the neurodegeneration-associated Tau exon 10 might contribute to FTLD/ALS with FUS inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Orozco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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Bentmann E, Neumann M, Tahirovic S, Rodde R, Dormann D, Haass C. Requirements for stress granule recruitment of fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23079-94. [PMID: 22563080 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.328757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic inclusions containing TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) or Fused in sarcoma (FUS) are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and several subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FUS-positive inclusions in FTLD and ALS patients are consistently co-labeled with stress granule (SG) marker proteins. Whether TDP-43 inclusions contain SG markers is currently still debated. We determined the requirements for SG recruitment of FUS and TDP-43 and found that cytoplasmic mislocalization is a common prerequisite for SG recruitment of FUS and TDP-43. For FUS, the arginine-glycine-glycine zinc finger domain, which is the protein's main RNA binding domain, is most important for SG recruitment, whereas the glycine-rich domain and RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain have a minor contribution and the glutamine-rich domain is dispensable. For TDP-43, both the RRM1 and the C-terminal glycine-rich domain are required for SG localization. ALS-associated point mutations located in the glycine-rich domain of TDP-43 do not affect SG recruitment. Interestingly, a 25-kDa C-terminal fragment of TDP-43, which is enriched in FTLD/ALS cortical inclusions but not spinal cord inclusions, fails to be recruited into SG. Consistently, inclusions in the cortex of FTLD patients, which are enriched for C-terminal fragments, are not co-labeled with the SG marker poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP-1), whereas inclusions in spinal cord, which contain full-length TDP-43, are frequently positive for this marker protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bentmann
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
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Abstract
The assembly of functional neuronal networks in the developing animal relies on the polarization of neurons, i.e., the formation of a single axon and multiple dendrites. Breaking the symmetry of neurons depends on cytoskeletal rearrangements. In particular, axon specification requires local dynamic instability of actin and stabilization of microtubules. The polarized cytoskeleton also provides the basis for selective trafficking and retention of cellular components in the future somatodendritic or axonal compartments. Hence, these mechanisms are not only essential to achieve neuronal polarization, but also to maintain it. Different extracellular and intracellular signals converge on the regulation of the cytoskeleton. Most notably, Rho GTPases, PI3K, Ena/VASP, cofilin and SAD kinases are major intracellular regulators of neuronal polarity. Analyzing polarity signals under physiological conditions will provide a better understanding of how neurons can be induced to repolarize under pathological conditions, i.e., to regenerate their axons after central nervous system (CNS) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Tahirovic
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Axonal Growth and Regeneration, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Enes J, Langwieser N, Ruschel J, Carballosa-Gonzalez MM, Klug A, Traut MH, Ylera B, Tahirovic S, Hofmann F, Stein V, Moosmang S, Hentall ID, Bradke F. Electrical activity suppresses axon growth through Ca(v)1.2 channels in adult primary sensory neurons. Curr Biol 2010; 20:1154-64. [PMID: 20579880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) regenerate their spinal cord axon if the peripheral nerve axon has previously been cut. This conditioning lesion confers axon growth competence to the neurons. However, the signal that is sensed by the cell upon peripheral lesion to initiate the regenerative response remains elusive. RESULTS We show here that loss of electrical activity following peripheral deafferentiation is an important signal to trigger axon regrowth. We first verified that firing in sensory fibers, as recorded from dorsal roots in vivo, declined after peripheral lesioning but was not altered after central lesioning. We found that electrical activity strongly inhibited axon outgrowth in cultured adult sensory neurons. The inhibitory effect depended on the L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel current and involved transcriptional changes. After a peripheral lesion, the L-type current was consistently diminished and the L-type pore-forming subunit, Ca(v)1.2, was downregulated. Genetic ablation of Ca(v)1.2 in the nervous system caused an increase in axon outgrowth from dissociated DRG neurons and enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that cessation of electrical activity after peripheral lesion contributes to the regenerative response observed upon conditioning and might be necessary to promote regeneration after central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Enes
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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Tahirovic S, Hellal F, Neukirchen D, Hindges R, Garvalov BK, Flynn KC, Stradal TE, Chrostek-Grashoff A, Brakebusch C, Bradke F. Rac1 regulates neuronal polarization through the WAVE complex. J Neurosci 2010; 30:6930-43. [PMID: 20484635 PMCID: PMC6632643 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5395-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration and axon growth, key events during neuronal development, require distinct changes in the cytoskeleton. Although many molecular regulators of polarity have been identified and characterized, relatively little is known about their physiological role in this process. To study the physiological function of Rac1 in neuronal development, we have generated a conditional knock-out mouse, in which Rac1 is ablated in the whole brain. Rac1-deficient cerebellar granule neurons, which do not express other Rac isoforms, showed impaired neuronal migration and axon formation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, Rac1 ablation disrupts lamellipodia formation in growth cones. The analysis of Rac1 effectors revealed the absence of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) complex from the plasma membrane of knock-out growth cones. Loss of WAVE function inhibited axon growth, whereas overexpression of a membrane-tethered WAVE mutant partially rescued axon growth in Rac1-knock-out neurons. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the WAVE complex effector Arp2/3 also reduced axon growth. We propose that Rac1 recruits the WAVE complex to the plasma membrane to enable actin remodeling necessary for axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Tahirovic
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Farida Hellal
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dorothee Neukirchen
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Hindges
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Boyan K. Garvalov
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kevin C. Flynn
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Theresia E. Stradal
- Signalling and Motility Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Chrostek-Grashoff
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Ylera B, Ertürk A, Hellal F, Nadrigny F, Hurtado A, Tahirovic S, Oudega M, Kirchhoff F, Bradke F. Chronically CNS-injured adult sensory neurons gain regenerative competence upon a lesion of their peripheral axon. Curr Biol 2009; 19:930-6. [PMID: 19409789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several experimental manipulations result in axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) when applied before or at the time of injury but not when initiated after a delay, which would be clinically more relevant. As centrally injured neurons show signs of atrophy and degeneration, it raises the question whether chronically injured neurons are able to regenerate. To address this question, we used adult rodent primary sensory neurons that regenerate their central axon when their peripheral axon is cut (called conditioning) beforehand but not afterwards. We found that primary sensory neurons express regeneration-associated genes and efficiently regrow their axon in cell culture two months after a central lesion upon conditioning. Moreover, conditioning enables central axons to regenerate through a fresh lesion independent of a previous central lesion. Using in vivo imaging we demonstrated that conditioned neurons rapidly regrow their axons through a fresh central lesion. Finally, when single sensory axons were cut with a two-photon laser, they robustly regenerate within days after attaining growth competence through conditioning. We conclude that sensory neurons can acquire the intrinsic potential to regenerate their axons months after a CNS lesion, which they implement in the absence of traumatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Ylera
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Wiradjaja F, Ooms LM, Tahirovic S, Kuhne E, Devenish RJ, Munn AL, Piper RC, Mayinger P, Mitchell CA. Inactivation of the Phosphoinositide Phosphatases Sac1p and Inp54p Leads to Accumulation of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate on Vacuole Membranes and Vacuolar Fusion Defects. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:16295-307. [PMID: 17392273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701038200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides direct membrane trafficking, facilitating the recruitment of effectors to specific membranes. In yeast phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) isproposed to regulate vacuolar fusion; however, in intact cells this phosphoinositide can only be detected at the plasma membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the 5-phosphatase, Inp54p, dephosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 forming PtdIns(4)P, a substrate for the phosphatase Sac1p, which hydrolyzes (PtdIns(4)P). We investigated the role these phosphatases in regulating PtdIns(4,5)P2 subcellular distribution. PtdIns(4,5)P2 bioprobes exhibited loss of plasma membrane localization and instead labeled a subset of fragmented vacuoles in Deltasac1 Deltainp54 and sac1ts Deltainp54 mutants. Furthermore, sac1ts Deltainp54 mutants exhibited vacuolar fusion defects, which were rescued by latrunculin A treatment, or by inactivation of Mss4p, a PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase that synthesizes plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2. Under these conditions PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not detected on vacuole membranes, and vacuole morphology was normal, indicating vacuolar PtdIns(4,5)P2 derives from Mss4p-generated plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2. Deltasac1 Deltainp54 mutants exhibited delayed carboxypeptidase Y sorting, cargo-selective secretion defects, and defects in vacuole function. These studies reveal PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis by lipid phosphatases governs its spatial distribution, and loss of phosphatase activity may result in PtdIns(4,5)P2 accumulation on vacuole membranes leading to vacuolar fragmentation/fusion defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenny Wiradjaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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Jeynov B, Lay D, Schmidt F, Tahirovic S, Just WW. Phosphoinositide synthesis and degradation in isolated rat liver peroxisomes. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:5917-24. [PMID: 17045591 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing peroxisomal phosphoinositide (PId(#)) synthesis in highly purified rat liver peroxisomes we found synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P), PtdIns(4,5)P(2) and PtdIns(3,5)P(2). PtdIns3P was hardly detected in vitro, however, was observed in vivo after [(32)P]-phosphate labeling of primary rat hepatocytes. In comparison with other subcellular organelles peroxisomes revealed a unique PId pattern suggesting peroxisomal specificity of the observed synthesis. Use of phosphatase inhibitors enhanced the amount of PtdIns4P. The results obtained provide evidence that isolated rat liver peroxisomes synthesize PIds and suggest the association of PId 4-kinase and PId 5-kinase and PId 4-phosphatase activities with the peroxisomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Jeynov
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Faulhammer F, Konrad G, Brankatschk B, Tahirovic S, Knödler A, Mayinger P. Cell growth-dependent coordination of lipid signaling and glycosylation is mediated by interactions between Sac1p and Dpm1p. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 168:185-91. [PMID: 15657391 PMCID: PMC2171588 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200407118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The integral membrane lipid phosphatase Sac1p regulates local pools of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes. PtdIns(4)P is important for Golgi trafficking, yet the significance of PtdIns(4)P for ER function is unknown. It also remains unknown how localization of Sac1p to distinct organellar membranes is mediated. Here, we show that a COOH-terminal region in yeast Sac1p is crucial for ER targeting by directly interacting with dolicholphosphate mannose synthase Dpm1p. The interaction with Dpm1p persists during exponential cell division but is rapidly abolished when cell growth slows because of nutrient limitation, causing translocation of Sac1p to Golgi membranes. Cell growth–dependent shuttling of Sac1p between the ER and the Golgi is important for reciprocal control of PtdIns(4)P levels at these organelles. The fraction of Sac1p resident at the ER is also required for efficient dolichol oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Thus, the lipid phosphatase Sac1p may be a key regulator, coordinating the secretory capacity of ER and Golgi membranes in response to growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Faulhammer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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47
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Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) regulates diverse cellular processes, such as actin cytoskeletal organization, Golgi trafficking and vacuolar biogenesis. Synthesis and turnover of PtdIns(4)P is mediated by a set of specific lipid kinases and phosphatases. Here we show that the polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1p has a central role in compartment-specific regulation of PtdIns(4)P. We have found that sac1Delta mutants show pleiotropic, synthetically lethal interactions with mutations in genes required for vacuolar protein sorting (Vps). Disruption of the SAC1 gene also caused a defect in the late endocytic pathway. These trafficking phenotypes correlated with a dramatic accumulation of PtdIns(4)P at vacuolar membranes. In addition, sac1 mutants displayed elevated endoplasmic reticulum PtdIns(4)P. The accumulation of PtdIns(4)P at the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole and the endocytic defect could be compensated by mutations in the PtdIns 4-kinase Stt4p. Our results indicate that elimination of Sac1p causes accumulation of a Stt4p-specific PtdIns(4)P pool at internal membranes which impairs late endocytic and vacuolar trafficking. We conclude that Sac1p functions in confining PtdIns(4)P-dependent processes to specific intracellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Tahirovic
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Tahirovic S, Schorr M, Then A, Berger J, Schwarz H, Mayinger P. Role for lipid signaling and the cell integrity MAP kinase cascade in yeast septum biogenesis. Curr Genet 2003; 43:71-8. [PMID: 12695846 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-003-0380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Revised: 01/15/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2003] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polarized deposition of chitin at the bud neck is essential for cell separation in yeast. Chitin septum biogenesis is catalyzed by two distinct chitin synthase activities encoded by the CHS2 and CHS3 genes. The phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1p is required for proper trafficking of the Chs3p chitin synthase. sac1 mutants also display a severe synthetic growth defect, with mutations in the SLT2 gene which encodes a MAP kinase involved in cell integrity. We characterized the defect that underlies this genetic interaction and found that sac1 Delta slt2 Delta cells arrest as large-budded cells because they fail to separate at the end of mitosis. This inability to complete cell division appears to be caused by an increased deposition of chitin at the septum area and correlates with a mislocalized accumulation of the Chs2p chitin synthase at the cell periphery. Our data therefore indicate that Sac1p and Slt2p have synergistic roles in regulating chitin septum biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Tahirovic
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Phosphoinositide phosphatases play an essential but as yet not well-understood role in lipid-based signal transduction. Members of a subfamily of these enzymes share a specific domain that was first identified in the yeast Sac1 protein [1]. Sac1 homology domains were shown to exhibit 3- and 4-phosphatase activity in vitro [2, 3] and were also found, in addition to rat and yeast Sac1p, in yeast Inp/Sjl proteins [4, 5] and mammalian synaptojanins [6]. Despite the detailed in vitro characterization of the enzymatic properties of yeast Sac1p, the exact cellular function of this protein has remained obscure. We report here that Sac1p has a specific role in secretion and acts as an antagonist of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Pik1p in Golgi trafficking. Elimination of Sac1p leads to excessive forward transport of chitin synthases and thus causes specific cell wall defects. Similar defects in membrane trafficking are caused by the overexpression of PIK1. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that the generation of PtdIns(4)P is sufficient to trigger forward transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane and that Sac1p is critically required for the termination of this signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schorr
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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