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Mauker P, Beckmann D, Kitowski A, Heise C, Wientjens C, Davidson AJ, Wanderoy S, Fabre G, Harbauer AB, Wood W, Wilhelm C, Thorn-Seshold J, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M, Thorn-Seshold O. Fluorogenic Chemical Probes for Wash-free Imaging of Cell Membrane Damage in Ferroptosis, Necrosis, and Axon Injury. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38592946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Selectively labeling cells with damaged membranes is needed not only for identifying dead cells in culture, but also for imaging membrane barrier dysfunction in pathologies in vivo. Most membrane permeability stains are permanently colored or fluorescent dyes that need washing to remove their non-uptaken extracellular background and reach good image contrast. Others are DNA-binding environment-dependent fluorophores, which lack design modularity, have potential toxicity, and can only detect permeabilization of cell volumes containing a nucleus (i.e., cannot delineate damaged volumes in vivo nor image non-nucleated cell types or compartments). Here, we develop modular fluorogenic probes that reveal the whole cytosolic volume of damaged cells, with near-zero background fluorescence so that no washing is needed. We identify a specific disulfonated fluorogenic probe type that only enters cells with damaged membranes, then is enzymatically activated and marks them. The esterase probe MDG1 is a reliable tool to reveal live cells that have been permeabilized by biological, biochemical, or physical membrane damage, and it can be used in multicolor microscopy. We confirm the modularity of this approach by also adapting it for improved hydrolytic stability, as the redox probe MDG2. We conclude by showing the unique performance of MDG probes in revealing axonal membrane damage (which DNA fluorogens cannot achieve) and in discriminating damage on a cell-by-cell basis in embryos in vivo. The MDG design thus provides powerful modular tools for wash-free in vivo imaging of membrane damage, and indicates how designs may be adapted for selective delivery of drug cargoes to these damaged cells: offering an outlook from selective diagnosis toward therapy of membrane-compromised cells in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mauker
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Beckmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Annabel Kitowski
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Heise
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Chantal Wientjens
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew J Davidson
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, U.K
| | - Simone Wanderoy
- University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gabin Fabre
- Pharmacology & Transplantation, UMR 1248 INSERM, University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Angelika B Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Will Wood
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, U.K
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
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2
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Ancău M, Tanti GK, Butenschoen VM, Gempt J, Yakushev I, Nekolla S, Mühlau M, Scheunemann C, Heininger S, Löwe B, Löwe E, Baer S, Fischer J, Reiser J, Ayachit SS, Liesche-Starnecker F, Schlegel J, Matiasek K, Schifferer M, Kirschke JS, Misgeld T, Lueth T, Hemmer B. Validating a minipig model of reversible cerebral demyelination using human diagnostic modalities and electron microscopy. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104982. [PMID: 38306899 PMCID: PMC10850420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, are significant sources of morbidity in young adults despite therapeutic advances. Current murine models of remyelination have limited applicability due to the low white matter content of their brains, which restricts the spatial resolution of diagnostic imaging. Large animal models might be more suitable but pose significant technological, ethical and logistical challenges. METHODS We induced targeted cerebral demyelinating lesions by serially repeated injections of lysophosphatidylcholine in the minipig brain. Lesions were amenable to follow-up using the same clinical imaging modalities (3T magnetic resonance imaging, 11C-PIB positron emission tomography) and standard histopathology protocols as for human diagnostics (myelin, glia and neuronal cell markers), as well as electron microscopy (EM), to compare against biopsy data from two patients. FINDINGS We demonstrate controlled, clinically unapparent, reversible and multimodally trackable brain white matter demyelination in a large animal model. De-/remyelination dynamics were slower than reported for rodent models and paralleled by a degree of secondary axonal pathology. Regression modelling of ultrastructural parameters (g-ratio, axon thickness) predicted EM features of cerebral de- and remyelination in human data. INTERPRETATION We validated our minipig model of demyelinating brain diseases by employing human diagnostic tools and comparing it with biopsy data from patients with cerebral demyelination. FUNDING This work was supported by the DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy, ID 390857198) and TRR 274/1 2020, 408885537 (projects B03 and Z01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ancău
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Tanti
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vicki Marie Butenschoen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Scheunemann
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heininger
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Benjamin Löwe
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Erik Löwe
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Silke Baer
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Reiser
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sai S Ayachit
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S Kirschke
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Lueth
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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3
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Askari S, Misgeld T. Brain imaging turned inside out. Nat Biotechnol 2023:10.1038/s41587-023-02036-8. [PMID: 37957343 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Askari
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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4
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Tai YH, Engels D, Locatelli G, Emmanouilidis I, Fecher C, Theodorou D, Müller SA, Licht-Mayer S, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, de Mello NP, Gkotzamani SN, Trovò L, Kendirli A, Aljović A, Breckwoldt MO, Naumann R, Bareyre FM, Perocchi F, Mahad D, Merkler D, Lichtenthaler SF, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Targeting the TCA cycle can ameliorate widespread axonal energy deficiency in neuroinflammatory lesions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1364-1381. [PMID: 37430025 PMCID: PMC10447243 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the central nervous system can impair the function of neuronal mitochondria and contributes to axon degeneration in the common neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we combine cell-type-specific mitochondrial proteomics with in vivo biosensor imaging to dissect how inflammation alters the molecular composition and functional capacity of neuronal mitochondria. We show that neuroinflammatory lesions in the mouse spinal cord cause widespread and persisting axonal ATP deficiency, which precedes mitochondrial oxidation and calcium overload. This axonal energy deficiency is associated with impaired electron transport chain function, but also an upstream imbalance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, with several, including key rate-limiting, enzymes being depleted in neuronal mitochondria in experimental models and in MS lesions. Notably, viral overexpression of individual TCA enzymes can ameliorate the axonal energy deficits in neuroinflammatory lesions, suggesting that TCA cycle dysfunction in MS may be amendable to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Tai
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Engels
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioanna Emmanouilidis
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Fecher
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Delphine Theodorou
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Licht-Mayer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sofia-Natsouko Gkotzamani
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Trovò
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arek Kendirli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Almir Aljović
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florence M Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Don Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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5
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Ziegler KA, Ahles A, Dueck A, Esfandyari D, Pichler P, Weber K, Kotschi S, Bartelt A, Sinicina I, Graw M, Leonhardt H, Weckbach LT, Massberg S, Schifferer M, Simons M, Hoeher L, Luo J, Ertürk A, Schiattarella GG, Sassi Y, Misgeld T, Engelhardt S. Immune-mediated denervation of the pineal gland underlies sleep disturbance in cardiac disease. Science 2023; 381:285-290. [PMID: 37471539 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the physiologic sleep-wake cycle and low melatonin levels frequently accompany cardiac disease, yet the underlying mechanism has remained enigmatic. Immunostaining of sympathetic axons in optically cleared pineal glands from humans and mice with cardiac disease revealed their substantial denervation compared with controls. Spatial, single-cell, nuclear, and bulk RNA sequencing traced this defect back to the superior cervical ganglia (SCG), which responded to cardiac disease with accumulation of inflammatory macrophages, fibrosis, and the selective loss of pineal gland-innervating neurons. Depletion of macrophages in the SCG prevented disease-associated denervation of the pineal gland and restored physiological melatonin secretion. Our data identify the mechanism by which diurnal rhythmicity in cardiac disease is disturbed and suggest a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Ziegler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ahles
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Dueck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dena Esfandyari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Pauline Pichler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Karolin Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inga Sinicina
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Graw
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Human Biology & Bioimaging, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T Weckbach
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Luciano Hoeher
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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6
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de Mello NP, Fecher C, Pastor AM, Perocchi F, Misgeld T. Ex vivo immunocapture and functional characterization of cell-type-specific mitochondria using MitoTag mice. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00831-w. [PMID: 37328604 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key bioenergetic organelles involved in many biosynthetic and signaling pathways. However, their differential contribution to specific functions of cells within complex tissues is difficult to dissect with current methods. The present protocol addresses this need by enabling the ex vivo immunocapture of cell-type-specific mitochondria directly from their tissue context through a MitoTag reporter mouse. While other available methods were developed for bulk mitochondria isolation or more abundant cell-type-specific mitochondria, this protocol was optimized for the selective isolation of functional mitochondria from medium-to-low-abundant cell types in a heterogeneous tissue, such as the central nervous system. The protocol has three major parts: First, mitochondria of a cell type of interest are tagged via an outer mitochondrial membrane eGFP by crossing MitoTag mice to a cell-type-specific Cre-driver line or by delivery of viral vectors for Cre expression. Second, homogenates are prepared from relevant tissues by nitrogen cavitation, from which tagged organelles are immunocaptured using magnetic microbeads. Third, immunocaptured mitochondria are used for downstream assays, e.g., to probe respiratory capacity or calcium handling, revealing cell-type-specific mitochondrial diversity in molecular composition and function. The MitoTag approach enables the identification of marker proteins to label cell-type-specific organelle populations in situ, elucidates cell-type-enriched mitochondrial metabolic and signaling pathways, and reveals functional mitochondrial diversity between adjacent cell types in complex tissues, such as the brain. Apart from establishing the mouse colony (6-8 weeks without import), the immunocapture protocol takes 2 h and functional assays require 1-2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prudente de Mello
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Fecher
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian Marti Pastor
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Mezydlo A, Treiber N, Ullrich Gavilanes EM, Eichenseer K, Ancău M, Wens A, Ares Carral C, Schifferer M, Snaidero N, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M. Remyelination by surviving oligodendrocytes is inefficient in the inflamed mammalian cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:1748-1759.e8. [PMID: 37071991 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory attack results in myelin loss, which can be partially reversed by remyelination. Recent studies suggest that mature oligodendrocytes could contribute to remyelination by generating new myelin. Here, we show that in a mouse model of cortical multiple sclerosis pathology, surviving oligodendrocytes can indeed extend new proximal processes but rarely generate new myelin internodes. Furthermore, drugs that boost myelin recovery by targeting oligodendrocyte precursor cells did not enhance this alternate mode of myelin regeneration. These data indicate that the contribution of surviving oligodendrocytes to myelin recovery in the inflamed mammalian CNS is minor and inhibited by distinct remyelination brakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mezydlo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Treiber
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emily Melisa Ullrich Gavilanes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eichenseer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mihai Ancău
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adinda Wens
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carla Ares Carral
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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8
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Kislinger G, Niemann C, Rodriguez L, Jiang H, Fard MK, Snaidero N, Schumacher AM, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T, Schifferer M. Neurons on tape: Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy-mediated volume EM for targeting neuropathology. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 177:125-170. [PMID: 37451765 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy (ATUM), which, among other array tomography methods, substantially simplified large-scale volume electron microscopy (vEM) projects. vEM reveals biological structures at nanometer resolution in three dimensions and resolves ambiguities of two-dimensional representations. However, as the structures of interest-like disease hallmarks emerging from neuropathology-are often rare but the field of view is small, this can easily turn a vEM project into a needle in a haystack problem. One solution for this is correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM), providing tissue context, dynamic and molecular features before switching to targeted vEM to hone in on the object's ultrastructure. This requires precise coordinate transfer between the two imaging modalities (e.g., by micro computed tomography), especially for block face vEM which relies on physical destruction of sections. With array tomography methods, serial ultrathin sections are collected into a tissue library, thus allowing storage of precious samples like human biopsies and enabling repetitive imaging at different resolution levels for an SEM-based search strategy. For this, ATUM has been developed to reliably collect serial ultrathin sections via a conveyor belt onto a plastic tape that is later mounted onto silicon wafers for serial scanning EM (SEM). The ATUM-SEM procedure is highly modular and can be divided into sample preparation, serial ultramicrotomy onto tape, mounting, serial image acquisition-after which the acquired image stacks can be used for analysis. Here, we describe the steps of this workflow and how ATUM-SEM enables targeting and high resolution imaging of specific structures. ATUM-SEM is widely applicable. To illustrate this, we exemplify the approach by reconstructions of focal pathology in an Alzheimer mouse model and CLEM of a specific cortical synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kislinger
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Niemann
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Rodriguez
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanyi Jiang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Maryam K Fard
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Hertie institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrian-Minh Schumacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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9
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Düking T, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Piepkorn L, Schmidke AM, Mitkovski M, Kannaiyan N, Hosang L, Scholz P, Shaib AH, Schneider LV, Hesse D, Ruhwedel T, Sun T, Linhoff L, Trevisiol A, Köhler S, Pastor AM, Misgeld T, Sereda M, Hassouna I, Rossner MJ, Odoardi F, Ischebeck T, de Hoz L, Hirrlinger J, Jahn O, Saher G. Ketogenic diet uncovers differential metabolic plasticity of brain cells. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo7639. [PMID: 36112685 PMCID: PMC9481126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, the body, including the brain, reprograms its metabolism in response to altered nutrition or disease. However, the consequences of these challenges for the energy metabolism of the different brain cell types remain unknown. Here, we generated a proteome atlas of the major central nervous system (CNS) cell types from young and adult mice, after feeding the therapeutically relevant low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) and during neuroinflammation. Under steady-state conditions, CNS cell types prefer distinct modes of energy metabolism. Unexpectedly, the comparison with KD revealed distinct cell type-specific strategies to manage the altered availability of energy metabolites. Astrocytes and neurons but not oligodendrocytes demonstrated metabolic plasticity. Moreover, inflammatory demyelinating disease changed the neuronal metabolic signature in a similar direction as KD. Together, these findings highlight the importance of the metabolic cross-talk between CNS cells and between the periphery and the brain to manage altered nutrition and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Düking
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annika M. Schmidke
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- City Campus Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nirmal Kannaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ali H. Shaib
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lennart V. Schneider
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Linhoff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Köhler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrian Marti Pastor
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sereda
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Green Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurowissenschafliches Forschungszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Kalluri SR, Srivastava R, Kenet S, Tanti GK, Dornmair K, Bennett JL, Misgeld T, Hemmer B, Wyss MT, Herwerth M. P2R Inhibitors Prevent Antibody-Mediated Complement Activation in an Animal Model of Neuromyelitis Optica : P2R Inhibitors Prevent Autoantibody Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1603-1616. [PMID: 35821382 PMCID: PMC9606199 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic 2 receptors (P2Rs) contribute to disease-related immune cell signaling and are upregulated in various pathological settings, including neuroinflammation. P2R inhibitors have been used to treat inflammatory diseases and can protect against complement-mediated cell injury. However, the mechanisms behind these anti-inflammatory properties of P2R inhibitors are not well understood, and their potential in CNS autoimmunity is underexplored. Here, we tested the effects of P2R inhibitors on glial toxicity in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). NMOSD is a destructive CNS autoimmune disorder, in which autoantibodies against astrocytic surface antigen Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) mediate complement-dependent loss of astrocytes. Using two-photon microscopy in vivo, we found that various classes of P2R inhibitors prevented AQP4-IgG/complement-dependent astrocyte death. In vitro, these drugs inhibited the binding of AQP4-IgG or MOG-IgG to their antigen in a dose-dependent manner. Size-exclusion chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a partial unfolding of antibodies in the presence of various P2R inhibitors, suggesting a shared interference with IgG antibodies leading to their conformational change. Our study demonstrates that P2R inhibitors can disrupt complement activation by direct interaction with IgG. This mechanism is likely to influence the role of P2R inhibitors in autoimmune disease models and their therapeutic impact in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Reddy Kalluri
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Goutam K Tanti
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias T Wyss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Herwerth
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Herwerth M, Kenet S, Schifferer M, Winkler A, Weber M, Snaidero N, Wang M, Lohrberg M, Bennett JL, Stadelmann C, Hemmer B, Misgeld T. A new form of axonal pathology in a spinal model of neuromyelitis optica. Brain 2022; 145:1726-1742. [PMID: 35202467 PMCID: PMC9166560 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, which primarily targets astrocytes and often results in severe axon injury of unknown mechanism. Neuromyelitis optica patients harbour autoantibodies against the astrocytic water channel protein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), which induce complement-mediated astrocyte lysis and subsequent axon damage. Using spinal in vivo imaging in a mouse model of such astrocytopathic lesions, we explored the mechanism underlying neuromyelitis optica-related axon injury. Many axons showed a swift and morphologically distinct 'pearls-on-string' transformation also readily detectable in human neuromyelitis optica lesions, which especially affected small calibre axons independently of myelination. Functional imaging revealed that calcium homeostasis was initially preserved in this 'acute axonal beading' state, ruling out disruption of the axonal membrane, which sets this form of axon injury apart from previously described forms of traumatic and inflammatory axon damage. Morphological, pharmacological and genetic analyses showed that AQP4-IgG-induced axon injury involved osmotic stress and ionic overload, but does not appear to use canonical pathways of Wallerian-like degeneration. Subcellular analysis demonstrated remodelling of the axonal cytoskeleton in beaded axons, especially local loss of microtubules. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer epothilone, a putative therapy approach for traumatic and degenerative axonopathies, prevented axonal beading, while destabilizing microtubules sensitized axons for beading. Our results reveal a distinct form of immune-mediated axon pathology in neuromyelitis optica that mechanistically differs from known cascades of post-traumatic and inflammatory axon loss, and suggest a new strategy for neuroprotection in neuromyelitis optica and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Herwerth
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Weber
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Lohrberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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12
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Khalin I, Adarsh N, Schifferer M, Wehn A, Groschup B, Misgeld T, Klymchenko A, Plesnila N. Size-Selective Transfer of Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Drug Carriers Across the Blood Brain Barrier Via Vascular Occlusions Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Small 2022; 18:e2200302. [PMID: 35384294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current lack of understanding about how nanocarriers cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the healthy and injured brain is hindering the clinical translation of nanoscale brain-targeted drug-delivery systems. Here, the bio-distribution of lipid nano-emulsion droplets (LNDs) of two sizes (30 and 80 nm) in the mouse brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is investigated. The highly fluorescent LNDs are prepared by loading them with octadecyl rhodamine B and a bulky hydrophobic counter-ion, tetraphenylborate. Using in vivo two-photon and confocal imaging, the circulation kinetics and bio-distribution of LNDs in the healthy and injured mouse brain are studied. It is found that after TBI, LNDs of both sizes accumulate at vascular occlusions, where specifically 30 nm LNDs extravasate into the brain parenchyma and reach neurons. The vascular occlusions are not associated with bleedings, but instead are surrounded by processes of activated microglia, suggesting a specific opening of the BBB. Finally, correlative light-electron microscopy reveals 30 nm LNDs in endothelial vesicles, while 80 nm particles remain in the vessel lumen, indicating size-selective vesicular transport across the BBB via vascular occlusions. The data suggest that microvascular occlusions serve as "gates" for the transport of nanocarriers across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Nagappanpillai Adarsh
- Laboratory de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67401, France
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Government College Attingal, Kerala, 695101, India
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Groschup
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratory de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67401, France
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
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13
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Wang M, Misgeld T, Brill MS. Neural labeling and manipulation by neonatal intraventricular viral injection in mice. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101081. [PMID: 35059654 PMCID: PMC8760487 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This step-by-step protocol provides a fast and easy technique to label and/or genetically manipulate neural cells, achieved by intraventricular injection of viral vectors into neonatal mice under ultrasound guidance. Successful injection of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) induces neural transduction as fast as 3 days post injection (dpi) in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Virally driven expression persists until early adulthood. The same setup enables injection of other viral vectors as well as intramuscular injection. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al. (2021) and Brill et al. (2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika S Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
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14
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Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. A less painful transfer of power. Neuron 2022; 110:559-561. [PMID: 35176237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transfer between cells is an unexpected addition to the mitochondrial life cycle. In this issue of Neuron, Van der Vlist et al. now provide evidence that M2-macrophages infiltrating sensory ganglia resolve pain by transferring particles containing mitochondria to neurons-thus boosting nociceptors back to normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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15
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Liesche-Starnecker F, Schifferer M, Schlegel J, Vollmuth Y, Rubbenstroth D, Delbridge C, Gempt J, Lorenzl S, Schnurbus L, Misgeld T, Rosati M, Beer M, Matiasek K, Wunderlich S, Finck T. Hemorrhagic lesion with detection of infected endothelial cells in human bornavirus encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:377-379. [PMID: 35657496 PMCID: PMC9164175 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Schifferer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannik Vollmuth
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- grid.417834.dInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claire Delbridge
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology, University Hospital Agatharied, Agatharied, Germany
| | - Lea Schnurbus
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology, University Hospital Agatharied, Agatharied, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XSection of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- grid.417834.dInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XSection of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Finck
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Eira J, Magalhães J, Macedo N, Pero ME, Misgeld T, Sousa MM, Bartolini F, Liz MA. Transthyretin Promotes Axon Growth via Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics and Tubulin Acetylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747699. [PMID: 34820375 PMCID: PMC8606651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein, increases axon growth and organelle transport in sensory neurons. While neurons extend their axons, the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is crucial for the segregation of functional compartments and axonal outgrowth. Herein, we investigated whether TTR promotes axon elongation by modulating MT dynamics. We found that TTR KO mice have an intrinsic increase in dynamic MTs and reduced levels of acetylated α-tubulin in peripheral axons. In addition, they failed to modulate MT dynamics in response to sciatic nerve injury, leading to decreased regenerative capacity. Importantly, restoring acetylated α-tubulin levels of TTR KO dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons using an HDAC6 inhibitor is sufficient to completely revert defective MT dynamics and neurite outgrowth. In summary, our results reveal a new role for TTR in the modulation of MT dynamics by regulating α-tubulin acetylation via modulation of the acetylase ATAT1, and suggest that this activity underlies TTR neuritogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eira
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nídia Macedo
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Márcia A Liz
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Engerer P, Petridou E, Williams PR, Suzuki SC, Yoshimatsu T, Portugues R, Misgeld T, Godinho L. Notch-mediated re-specification of neuronal identity during central nervous system development. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4870-4878.e5. [PMID: 34534440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal identity has long been thought of as immutable, so that once a cell acquires a specific fate, it is maintained for life.1 Studies using the overexpression of potent transcription factors to experimentally reprogram neuronal fate in the mouse neocortex2,3 and retina4,5 have challenged this notion by revealing that post-mitotic neurons can switch their identity. Whether fate reprogramming is part of normal development in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. While there are some reports of physiological cell fate reprogramming in invertebrates,6,7 and in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system,8 endogenous fate reprogramming in the vertebrate CNS has not been documented. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous fate re-specification in an interneuron lineage in the zebrafish retina. We show that the visual system homeobox 1 (vsx1)-expressing lineage, which has been associated exclusively with excitatory bipolar cell (BC) interneurons,9-12 also generates inhibitory amacrine cells (ACs). We identify a role for Notch signaling in conferring plasticity to nascent vsx1 BCs, allowing suitable transcription factor programs to re-specify them to an AC fate. Overstimulating Notch signaling enhances this physiological phenotype so that both daughters of a vsx1 progenitor differentiate into ACs and partially differentiated vsx1 BCs can be converted into ACs. Furthermore, this physiological re-specification can be mimicked to allow experimental induction of an entirely distinct fate, that of retinal projection neurons, from the vsx1 lineage. Our observations reveal unanticipated plasticity of cell fate during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Engerer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Eleni Petridou
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philip R Williams
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Sachihiro C Suzuki
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruben Portugues
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leanne Godinho
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.
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18
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Schifferer M, Snaidero N, Djannatian M, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Niwaki Instead of Random Forests: Targeted Serial Sectioning Scanning Electron Microscopy With Reimaging Capabilities for Exploring Central Nervous System Cell Biology and Pathology. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:732506. [PMID: 34720890 PMCID: PMC8548362 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.732506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural analysis of discrete neurobiological structures by volume scanning electron microscopy (SEM) often constitutes a "needle-in-the-haystack" problem and therefore relies on sophisticated search strategies. The appropriate SEM approach for a given relocation task not only depends on the desired final image quality but also on the complexity and required accuracy of the screening process. Block-face SEM techniques like Focused Ion Beam or serial block-face SEM are "one-shot" imaging runs by nature and, thus, require precise relocation prior to acquisition. In contrast, "multi-shot" approaches conserve the sectioned tissue through the collection of serial sections onto solid support and allow reimaging. These tissue libraries generated by Array Tomography or Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy can be screened at low resolution to target high resolution SEM. This is particularly useful if a structure of interest is rare or has been predetermined by correlated light microscopy, which can assign molecular, dynamic and functional information to an ultrastructure. As such approaches require bridging mm to nm scales, they rely on tissue trimming at different stages of sample processing. Relocation is facilitated by endogenous or exogenous landmarks that are visible by several imaging modalities, combined with appropriate registration strategies that allow overlaying images of various sources. Here, we discuss the opportunities of using multi-shot serial sectioning SEM approaches, as well as suitable trimming and registration techniques, to slim down the high-resolution imaging volume to the actual structure of interest and hence facilitate ambitious targeted volume SEM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schifferer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minou Djannatian
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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19
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Hiltensperger M, Beltrán E, Kant R, Tyystjärvi S, Lepennetier G, Domínguez Moreno H, Bauer IJ, Grassmann S, Jarosch S, Schober K, Buchholz VR, Kenet S, Gasperi C, Öllinger R, Rad R, Muschaweckh A, Sie C, Aly L, Knier B, Garg G, Afzali AM, Gerdes LA, Kümpfel T, Franzenburg S, Kawakami N, Hemmer B, Busch DH, Misgeld T, Dornmair K, Korn T. Skin and gut imprinted helper T cell subsets exhibit distinct functional phenotypes in central nervous system autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:880-892. [PMID: 34099917 PMCID: PMC7611097 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional single-cell analyses of T cells have fueled the debate about whether there is extensive plasticity or 'mixed' priming of helper T cell subsets in vivo. Here, we developed an experimental framework to probe the idea that the site of priming in the systemic immune compartment is a determinant of helper T cell-induced immunopathology in remote organs. By site-specific in vivo labeling of antigen-specific T cells in inguinal (i) or gut draining mesenteric (m) lymph nodes, we show that i-T cells and m-T cells isolated from the inflamed central nervous system (CNS) in a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) are distinct. i-T cells were Cxcr6+, and m-T cells expressed P2rx7. Notably, m-T cells infiltrated white matter, while i-T cells were also recruited to gray matter. Therefore, we propose that the definition of helper T cell subsets by their site of priming may guide an advanced understanding of helper T cell biology in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Lineage
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/immunology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/immunology
- Intravital Microscopy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- RNA-Seq
- Receptors, CXCR6/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR6/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/transplantation
- Transcriptome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hiltensperger
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ravi Kant
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sofia Tyystjärvi
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gildas Lepennetier
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Domínguez Moreno
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Gasperi
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Sie
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Knier
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Garima Garg
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali M Afzali
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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20
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Jafari M, Schumacher AM, Snaidero N, Ullrich Gavilanes EM, Neziraj T, Kocsis-Jutka V, Engels D, Jürgens T, Wagner I, Weidinger JDF, Schmidt SS, Beltrán E, Hagan N, Woodworth L, Ofengeim D, Gans J, Wolf F, Kreutzfeldt M, Portugues R, Merkler D, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M. Phagocyte-mediated synapse removal in cortical neuroinflammation is promoted by local calcium accumulation. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:355-367. [PMID: 33495636 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cortical pathology contributes to chronic cognitive impairment of patients suffering from the neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). How such gray matter inflammation affects neuronal structure and function is not well understood. In the present study, we use functional and structural in vivo imaging in a mouse model of cortical MS to demonstrate that bouts of cortical inflammation disrupt cortical circuit activity coincident with a widespread, but transient, loss of dendritic spines. Spines destined for removal show local calcium accumulations and are subsequently removed by invading macrophages or activated microglia. Targeting phagocyte activation with a new antagonist of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor prevents cortical synapse loss. Overall, our study identifies synapse loss as a key pathological feature of inflammatory gray matter lesions that is amenable to immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Jafari
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian-Minh Schumacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Emily M Ullrich Gavilanes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tradite Neziraj
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Virág Kocsis-Jutka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Engels
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Jürgens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan Daniel Flórez Weidinger
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie S Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nellwyn Hagan
- Rare and Neurological Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Woodworth
- Rare and Neurological Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurological Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Gans
- Translational Sciences Genomics, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Fred Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Portugues
- Sensorimotor Control, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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21
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Wang M, Kleele T, Xiao Y, Plucinska G, Avramopoulos P, Engelhardt S, Schwab MH, Kneussel M, Czopka T, Sherman DL, Brophy PJ, Misgeld T, Brill MS. Completion of neuronal remodeling prompts myelination along developing motor axon branches. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211755. [PMID: 33538762 PMCID: PMC7868780 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal remodeling and myelination are two fundamental processes during neurodevelopment. How they influence each other remains largely unknown, even though their coordinated execution is critical for circuit function and often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unclear whether myelination stabilizes axon branches during remodeling or whether ongoing remodeling delays myelination. By modulating synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal dynamics, and axonal transport in mouse motor axons, we show that local axon remodeling delays myelination onset and node formation. Conversely, glial differentiation does not determine the outcome of axon remodeling. Delayed myelination is not due to a limited supply of structural components of the axon–glial unit but rather is triggered by increased transport of signaling factors that initiate myelination, such as neuregulin. Further, transport of promyelinating signals is regulated via local cytoskeletal maturation related to activity-dependent competition. Our study reveals an axon branch–specific fine-tuning mechanism that locally coordinates axon remodeling and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Xiao
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Plucinska
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Petros Avramopoulos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Czopka
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Diane L Sherman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J Brophy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Monika S Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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22
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Kislinger G, Gnägi H, Kerschensteiner M, Simons M, Misgeld T, Schifferer M. ATUM-FIB microscopy for targeting and multiscale imaging of rare events in mouse cortex. STAR Protoc 2020; 1:100232. [PMID: 33377119 PMCID: PMC7757728 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a detailed workflow for ATUM-FIB microscopy, a hybrid method that combines serial-sectioning scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with focused ion beam SEM (FIB-SEM). This detailed protocol is optimized for mouse cortex samples. The main processing steps include the generation of semi-thick sections from sequentially cured resin blocks using a heated microtomy approach. We demonstrate the different imaging modalities, including serial light and electron microscopy for target recognition and FIB-SEM for isotropic imaging of regions of interest. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kislinger et al. (2020). A protocol for serial semi-thick ultramicrotomy of resin-embedded neuronal tissue Serial semi-thick sections on tape inspected by light and scanning electron microscopy Targeting regions of interest by FIB-SEM with high resolution isotropic voxels
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kislinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Helmut Gnägi
- Diatome SA, Helmstrasse 1, 2560 Nidau, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
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23
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Snaidero N, Schifferer M, Mezydlo A, Zalc B, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Myelin replacement triggered by single-cell demyelination in mouse cortex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4901. [PMID: 32994410 PMCID: PMC7525521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, rather than being a static insulator of axons, is emerging as an active participant in circuit plasticity. This requires precise regulation of oligodendrocyte numbers and myelination patterns. Here, by devising a laser ablation approach of single oligodendrocytes, followed by in vivo imaging and correlated ultrastructural reconstructions, we report that in mouse cortex demyelination as subtle as the loss of a single oligodendrocyte can trigger robust cell replacement and remyelination timed by myelin breakdown. This results in reliable reestablishment of the original myelin pattern along continuously myelinated axons, while in parallel, patchy isolated internodes emerge on previously unmyelinated axons. Therefore, in mammalian cortex, internodes along partially myelinated cortical axons are typically not reestablished, suggesting that the cues that guide patchy myelination are not preserved through cycles of de- and remyelination. In contrast, myelin sheaths forming continuous patterns show remarkable homeostatic resilience and remyelinate with single axon precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Mezydlo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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24
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Masuda T, Amann L, Sankowski R, Staszewski O, Lenz M, D Errico P, Snaidero N, Costa Jordão MJ, Böttcher C, Kierdorf K, Jung S, Priller J, Misgeld T, Vlachos A, Meyer-Luehmann M, Knobeloch KP, Prinz M. Novel Hexb-based tools for studying microglia in the CNS. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:802-815. [PMID: 32541832 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia and central nervous system (CNS)-associated macrophages (CAMs), such as perivascular and meningeal macrophages, are implicated in virtually all diseases of the CNS. However, little is known about their cell-type-specific roles in the absence of suitable tools that would allow for functional discrimination between the ontogenetically closely related microglia and CAMs. To develop a new microglia gene targeting model, we first applied massively parallel single-cell analyses to compare microglia and CAM signatures during homeostasis and disease and identified hexosaminidase subunit beta (Hexb) as a stably expressed microglia core gene, whereas other microglia core genes were substantially downregulated during pathologies. Next, we generated HexbtdTomato mice to stably monitor microglia behavior in vivo. Finally, the Hexb locus was employed for tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated gene manipulation in microglia and for fate mapping of microglia but not CAMs. In sum, we provide valuable new genetic tools to specifically study microglia functions in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Masuda
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Lukas Amann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ori Staszewski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo D Errico
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chotima Böttcher
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZNE and BIH, Berlin, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Mieskes F, Wehnekamp F, Plucińska G, Thong R, Misgeld T, Lamb DC. Trajectory data of antero- and retrograde movement of mitochondria in living zebrafish larvae. Data Brief 2020; 29:105280. [PMID: 32190718 PMCID: PMC7068625 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a large number of single particle tracking (SPT) approaches have been developed. Generally, SPT techniques can be split into two groups: ex post facto approaches where trajectory extraction is carried out after data acquisition and feedback based approaches that perform particle tracking in real time [1]. One feedback approach is 3D Orbital Tracking, where the laser excitation beam is rotated in a circle about the object, generating a so called orbit [2,3]. By calculating the particle position from the detected intensity after every orbit in relation to its center, this method allows the microscope to follow a single object in real time. The high spatiotemporal resolution of this method and the potential to optically manipulate the followed object during the measurement promises to yield new deep insights into biological systems [4-7]. By upgrading this approach in a way that the specimen is recentered by a xy-stage on the center of the microscope, particle tracking with this long-range tracking feature is no longer limited to the covered field-of-view. This allows for the observation of mitochondrial trafficking in living zebrafish embryos over long distances. Here, we provide the raw data for antero- and retrograde movement of mitochondria labelled with photo-activatable green fluorescent protein (mitoPAGFP). It relates to the scientific article "Nanoresolution real-time 3D orbital tracking for studying mitochondrial trafficking in vertebrate axons in vivo" [8]. By applying a correlation analysis on the trajectories, it is possible to distinguish between active transport and pausing events with less biasing compared to the mean squared displacement approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mieskes
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Nanosystems Initiative Muünchen (NIM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Wehnekamp
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Nanosystems Initiative Muünchen (NIM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Plucińska
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universitätt München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Thong
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universitätt München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universitätt München, Munich, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Nanosystems Initiative Muünchen (NIM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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26
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Ziak J, Weissova R, Jeřábková K, Janikova M, Maimon R, Petrasek T, Pukajova B, Kleisnerova M, Wang M, Brill MS, Kasparek P, Zhou X, Alvarez-Bolado G, Sedlacek R, Misgeld T, Stuchlik A, Perlson E, Balastik M. CRMP2 mediates Sema3F-dependent axon pruning and dendritic spine remodeling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48512. [PMID: 31919978 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of axon guidance and pruning of inappropriate synapses by class 3 semaphorins are key to the development of neural circuits. Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) has been shown to regulate axon guidance by mediating semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling; however, nothing is known about its role in synapse pruning. Here, using newly generated crmp2-/- mice we demonstrate that CRMP2 has a moderate effect on Sema3A-dependent axon guidance in vivo, and its deficiency leads to a mild defect in axon guidance in peripheral nerves and the corpus callosum. Surprisingly, crmp2-/- mice display prominent defects in stereotyped axon pruning in hippocampus and visual cortex and altered dendritic spine remodeling, which is consistent with impaired Sema3F signaling and with models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We demonstrate that CRMP2 mediates Sema3F signaling in primary neurons and that crmp2-/- mice display ASD-related social behavior changes in the early postnatal period as well as in adults. Together, we demonstrate that CRMP2 mediates Sema3F-dependent synapse pruning and its dysfunction shares histological and behavioral features of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ziak
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Weissova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jeřábková
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Janikova
- Department of Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roy Maimon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- Department of Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pukajova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kleisnerova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika S Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xunlei Zhou
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Balastik
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Djannatian M, Timmler S, Arends M, Luckner M, Weil MT, Alexopoulos I, Snaidero N, Schmid B, Misgeld T, Möbius W, Schifferer M, Peles E, Simons M. Two adhesive systems cooperatively regulate axon ensheathment and myelin growth in the CNS. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4794. [PMID: 31641127 PMCID: PMC6805957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system myelin is a multilayered membrane produced by oligodendrocytes to increase neural processing speed and efficiency, but the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal selection and myelin wrapping are unknown. Here, using combined morphological and molecular analyses in mice and zebrafish, we show that adhesion molecules of the paranodal and the internodal segment work synergistically using overlapping functions to regulate axonal interaction and myelin wrapping. In the absence of these adhesive systems, axonal recognition by myelin is impaired with myelin growing on top of previously myelinated fibers, around neuronal cell bodies and above nodes of Ranvier. In addition, myelin wrapping is disturbed with the leading edge moving away from the axon and in between previously formed layers. These data show how two adhesive systems function together to guide axonal ensheathment and myelin wrapping, and provide a mechanistic understanding of how the spatial organization of myelin is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Djannatian
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Arends
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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28
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Fecher C, Trovò L, Müller SA, Snaidero N, Wettmarshausen J, Heink S, Ortiz O, Wagner I, Kühn R, Hartmann J, Karl RM, Konnerth A, Korn T, Wurst W, Merkler D, Lichtenthaler SF, Perocchi F, Misgeld T. Cell-type-specific profiling of brain mitochondria reveals functional and molecular diversity. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1731-1742. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Sigmund F, Pettinger S, Kube M, Schneider F, Schifferer M, Schneider S, Efremova MV, Pujol-Martí J, Aichler M, Walch A, Misgeld T, Dietz H, Westmeyer GG. Iron-Sequestering Nanocompartments as Multiplexed Electron Microscopy Gene Reporters. ACS Nano 2019; 13:8114-8123. [PMID: 31194509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicolored gene reporters for light microscopy are indispensable for biomedical research, but equivalent genetic tools for electron microscopy (EM) are still rare despite the increasing importance of nanometer resolution for reverse engineering of molecular machinery and reliable mapping of cellular circuits. We here introduce the fully genetic encapsulin/cargo system of Quasibacillus thermotolerans (Qt), which in combination with the recently characterized encapsulin system from Myxococcus xanthus (Mx) enables multiplexed gene reporter imaging via conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in mammalian cells. Cryo-electron reconstructions revealed that the Qt encapsulin shell self-assembles to nanospheres with T = 4 icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of ∼43 nm harboring two putative pore regions at the 5-fold and 3-fold axes. We also found that upon heterologous expression in mammalian cells, the native cargo is autotargeted to the inner surface of the shell and exhibits ferroxidase activity leading to efficient intraluminal iron biomineralization, which enhances cellular TEM contrast. We furthermore demonstrate that the two differently sized encapsulins of Qt and Mx do not intermix and can be robustly differentiated by conventional TEM via a deep learning classifier to enable automated multiplexed EM gene reporter imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sigmund
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , 81675 Munich , Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Susanne Pettinger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , 81675 Munich , Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Massimo Kube
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Design, Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Design, Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, TUM School of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , 80802 Munich , Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Steffen Schneider
- Computational Neuroengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , 80333 Munich , Germany
- Tübingen AI Center , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Maria V Efremova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , 81675 Munich , Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials for Medical Applications, Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Jesús Pujol-Martí
- Department "Circuits - Computation - Models" , Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, TUM School of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , 80802 Munich , Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Design, Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine , Technical University of Munich , 81675 Munich , Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
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30
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Wehnekamp F, Plucińska G, Thong R, Misgeld T, Lamb DC. Nanoresolution real-time 3D orbital tracking for studying mitochondrial trafficking in vertebrate axons in vivo. eLife 2019; 8:46059. [PMID: 31180320 PMCID: PMC6579510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the development and in vivo application of a feedback-based tracking microscope to follow individual mitochondria in sensory neurons of zebrafish larvae with nanometer precision and millisecond temporal resolution. By combining various technical improvements, we tracked individual mitochondria with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution over distances of >100 µm. Using these nanoscopic trajectory data, we discriminated five motional states: a fast and a slow directional motion state in both the anterograde and retrograde directions and a stationary state. The transition pattern revealed that, after a pause, mitochondria predominantly persist in the original direction of travel, while transient changes of direction often exhibited longer pauses. Moreover, mitochondria in the vicinity of a second, stationary mitochondria displayed an increased probability to pause. The capability of following and optically manipulating a single organelle with high spatiotemporal resolution in a living organism offers a new approach to elucidating their function in its complete physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wehnekamp
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative München (NIM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Plucińska
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Thong
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative München (NIM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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31
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Witte ME, Schumacher AM, Mahler CF, Bewersdorf JP, Lehmitz J, Scheiter A, Sánchez P, Williams PR, Griesbeck O, Naumann R, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M. Calcium Influx through Plasma-Membrane Nanoruptures Drives Axon Degeneration in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neuron 2019; 101:615-624.e5. [PMID: 30686733 PMCID: PMC6389591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Axon loss determines persistent disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Here, we use in vivo calcium imaging in a multiple sclerosis model to show that cytoplasmic calcium levels determine the choice between axon loss and survival. We rule out the endoplasmic reticulum, glutamate excitotoxicity, and the reversal of the sodium-calcium exchanger as sources of intra-axonal calcium accumulation and instead identify nanoscale ruptures of the axonal plasma membrane as the critical path of calcium entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten E Witte
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adrian-Minh Schumacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph F Mahler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan P Bewersdorf
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Lehmitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheiter
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Paula Sánchez
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philip R Williams
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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32
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Kiss A, Fischer I, Kleele T, Misgeld T, Propst F. Neuronal Growth Cone Size-Dependent and -Independent Parameters of Microtubule Polymerization. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:195. [PMID: 30065631 PMCID: PMC6056669 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration and pathfinding of neuronal growth cones during neurite extension is critically dependent on dynamic microtubules. In this study we sought to determine, which aspects of microtubule polymerization relate to growth cone morphology and migratory characteristics. We conducted a multiscale quantitative microscopy analysis using automated tracking of microtubule plus ends in migrating growth cones of cultured murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Notably, this comprehensive analysis failed to identify any changes in microtubule polymerization parameters that were specifically associated with spontaneous extension vs. retraction of growth cones. This suggests that microtubule dynamicity is a basic mechanism that does not determine the polarity of growth cone response but can be exploited to accommodate diverse growth cone behaviors. At the same time, we found a correlation between growth cone size and basic parameters of microtubule polymerization including the density of growing microtubule plus ends and rate and duration of microtubule growth. A similar correlation was observed in growth cones of neurons lacking the microtubule-associated protein MAP1B. However, MAP1B-null growth cones, which are deficient in growth cone migration and steering, displayed an overall reduction in microtubule dynamicity. Our results highlight the importance of taking growth cone size into account when evaluating the influence on growth cone microtubule dynamics of different substrata, guidance factors or genetic manipulations which all can change growth cone morphology and size. The type of large scale multiparametric analysis performed here can help to separate direct effects that these perturbations might have on microtubule dynamics from indirect effects resulting from perturbation-induced changes in growth cone size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Propst
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Colombo A, Hsia HE, Wang M, Kuhn PH, Brill MS, Canevazzi P, Feederle R, Taveggia C, Misgeld T, Lichtenthaler SF. Non-cell-autonomous function of DR6 in Schwann cell proliferation. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797390. [PMID: 29459438 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 6 (DR6) is an orphan member of the TNF receptor superfamily and controls cell death and differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner in different cell types. Here, we report an additional non-cell-autonomous function for DR6 in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). DR6-knockout (DR6 KO) mice showed precocious myelination in the PNS Using an in vitro myelination assay, we demonstrate that neuronal DR6 acts in trans on Schwann cells (SCs) and reduces SC proliferation and myelination independently of its cytoplasmic death domain. Mechanistically, DR6 was found to be cleaved in neurons by "a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10" (ADAM10), releasing the soluble DR6 ectodomain (sDR6). Notably, in the in vitro myelination assay, sDR6 was sufficient to rescue the DR6 KO phenotype. Thus, in addition to the cell-autonomous receptor function of full-length DR6, the proteolytically released sDR6 can unexpectedly also act as a paracrine signaling factor in the PNS in a non-cell-autonomous manner during SC proliferation and myelination. This new mode of DR6 signaling will be relevant in future attempts to target DR6 in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Hung-En Hsia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika S Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Canevazzi
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Research Group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Sciences (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany .,Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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34
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Misgeld T, Schwarz TL. Mitostasis in Neurons: Maintaining Mitochondria in an Extended Cellular Architecture. Neuron 2017; 96:651-666. [PMID: 29096078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons have more extended and complex shapes than other cells and consequently face a greater challenge in distributing and maintaining mitochondria throughout their arbors. Neurons can last a lifetime, but proteins turn over rapidly. Mitochondria, therefore, need constant rejuvenation no matter how far they are from the soma. Axonal transport of mitochondria and mitochondrial fission and fusion contribute to this rejuvenation, but local protein synthesis is also likely. Maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population also requires the clearance of damaged proteins and organelles. This involves degradation of individual proteins, sequestration in mitochondria-derived vesicles, organelle degradation by mitophagy and macroautophagy, and in some cases transfer to glial cells. Both long-range transport and local processing are thus at work in achieving neuronal mitostasis-the maintenance of an appropriately distributed pool of healthy mitochondria for the duration of a neuron's life. Accordingly, defects in the processes that support mitostasis are significant contributors to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Misgeld
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany; Center of Integrated Protein Science, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Mazaheri F, Snaidero N, Kleinberger G, Madore C, Daria A, Werner G, Krasemann S, Capell A, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Brunner B, Bultmann S, Tahirovic S, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T, Butovsky O, Haass C. TREM2 deficiency impairs chemotaxis and microglial responses to neuronal injury. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1186-1198. [PMID: 28483841 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201743922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variations in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been linked to an increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In the brain, TREM2 is predominantly expressed in microglia. Several disease-associated TREM2 variants result in a loss of function by reducing microglial phagocytosis, impairing lipid sensing, preventing binding of lipoproteins and affecting shielding of amyloid plaques. We here investigate the consequences of TREM2 loss of function on the microglia transcriptome. Among the differentially expressed messenger RNAs in wild-type and Trem2-/- microglia, gene clusters are identified which represent gene functions in chemotaxis, migration and mobility. Functional analyses confirm that loss of TREM2 impairs appropriate microglial responses to injury and signals that normally evoke chemotaxis on multiple levels. In an ex vivo organotypic brain slice assay, absence of TREM2 reduces the distance migrated by microglia. Moreover, migration towards defined chemo-attractants is reduced upon ablation of TREM2 and can be rescued by TREM2 re-expression. In vivo, microglia lacking TREM2 migrate less towards injected apoptotic neurons, and outgrowth of microglial processes towards sites of laser-induced focal CNS damage in the somatosensory cortex is slowed. The apparent lack of chemotactic stimulation upon depletion of TREM2 is consistent with a stable expression profile of genes characterizing the homoeostatic signature of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fargol Mazaheri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center (BMC) and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Daria
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Developmental Genetics, Technical University Munich-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Brunner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center (BMC) and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
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36
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Engerer P, Suzuki SC, Yoshimatsu T, Chapouton P, Obeng N, Odermatt B, Williams PR, Misgeld T, Godinho L. Uncoupling of neurogenesis and differentiation during retinal development. EMBO J 2017; 36:1134-1146. [PMID: 28258061 PMCID: PMC5412767 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, neuronal development is regarded to follow a stereotypic sequence of neurogenesis, migration, and differentiation. We demonstrate that this notion is not a general principle of neuronal development by documenting the timing of mitosis in relation to multiple differentiation events for bipolar cells (BCs) in the zebrafish retina using in vivo imaging. We found that BC progenitors undergo terminal neurogenic divisions while in markedly disparate stages of neuronal differentiation. Remarkably, the differentiation state of individual BC progenitors at mitosis is not arbitrary but matches the differentiation state of post‐mitotic BCs in their surround. By experimentally shifting the relative timing of progenitor division and differentiation, we provide evidence that neurogenesis and differentiation can occur independently of each other. We propose that the uncoupling of neurogenesis and differentiation could provide neurogenic programs with flexibility, while allowing for synchronous neuronal development within a continuously expanding cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Engerer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sachihiro C Suzuki
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Prisca Chapouton
- Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nancy Obeng
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Odermatt
- Anatomisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip R Williams
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany .,Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Leanne Godinho
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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37
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Heink S, Yogev N, Garbers C, Herwerth M, Aly L, Gasperi C, Husterer V, Croxford AL, Möller-Hackbarth K, Bartsch HS, Sotlar K, Krebs S, Regen T, Blum H, Hemmer B, Misgeld T, Wunderlich TF, Hidalgo J, Oukka M, Rose-John S, Schmidt-Supprian M, Waisman A, Korn T. Trans-presentation of IL-6 by dendritic cells is required for the priming of pathogenic T H17 cells. Nat Immunol 2016; 18:74-85. [PMID: 27893700 PMCID: PMC5164931 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cellular sources of interleukin-6 (IL-6) that are relevant for the differentiation of TH17 cells remain unclear. Here, we used a novel strategy of IL-6 conditional deletion of distinct IL-6-producing cell types to show that Sirpα+ dendritic cells (DC) were essential for the generation of pathogenic TH17 cells. During the process of cognate interaction, Sirpα+ DCs trans-presented IL-6 to T cells using their own IL-6Rα. While ambient IL-6 was sufficient to suppress the induction of the transcription factor Foxp3 in T cells, IL-6 trans-presentation by DC-bound IL-6Rα (here defined as IL-6 cluster signaling) was required to prevent premature induction of IFN-γ in T cells and to generate pathogenic TH17 cells in vivo. These findings will guide therapeutic approaches for TH17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Heink
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Marina Herwerth
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Gasperi
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Husterer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew L Croxford
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Harald S Bartsch
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Gene Centre, Lafuga, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Gene Centre, Lafuga, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Juan Hidalgo
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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38
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Romanelli E, Merkler D, Mezydlo A, Weil MT, Weber MS, Nikić I, Potz S, Meinl E, Matznick FEH, Kreutzfeldt M, Ghanem A, Conzelmann KK, Metz I, Brück W, Routh M, Simons M, Bishop D, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M. Myelinosome formation represents an early stage of oligodendrocyte damage in multiple sclerosis and its animal model. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13275. [PMID: 27848954 PMCID: PMC5116090 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte damage is a central event in the pathogenesis of the common neuroinflammatory condition, multiple sclerosis (MS). Where and how oligodendrocyte damage is initiated in MS is not completely understood. Here, we use a combination of light and electron microscopy techniques to provide a dynamic and highly resolved view of oligodendrocyte damage in neuroinflammatory lesions. We show that both in MS and in its animal model structural damage is initiated at the myelin sheaths and only later spreads to the oligodendrocyte cell body. Early myelin damage itself is characterized by the formation of local myelin out-foldings-'myelinosomes'-, which are surrounded by phagocyte processes and promoted in their formation by anti-myelin antibodies and complement. The presence of myelinosomes in actively demyelinating MS lesions suggests that oligodendrocyte damage follows a similar pattern in the human disease, where targeting demyelination by therapeutic interventions remains a major open challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Romanelli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Mezydlo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S. Weber
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Nikić
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Potz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian E. H. Matznick
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ghanem
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Imke Metz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthew Routh
- Department of Physiology and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Derron Bishop
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center of Integrated Protein Sciences (CIPS), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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39
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Brill MS, Kleele T, Ruschkies L, Wang M, Marahori NA, Reuter MS, Hausrat TJ, Weigand E, Fisher M, Ahles A, Engelhardt S, Bishop DL, Kneussel M, Misgeld T. Branch-Specific Microtubule Destabilization Mediates Axon Branch Loss during Neuromuscular Synapse Elimination. Neuron 2016; 92:845-856. [PMID: 27773584 PMCID: PMC5133389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Developmental axon remodeling is characterized by the selective removal of branches from axon arbors. The mechanisms that underlie such branch loss are largely unknown. Additionally, how neuronal resources are specifically assigned to the branches of remodeling arbors is not understood. Here we show that axon branch loss at the developing mouse neuromuscular junction is mediated by branch-specific microtubule severing, which results in local disassembly of the microtubule cytoskeleton and loss of axonal transport in branches that will subsequently dismantle. Accordingly, pharmacological microtubule stabilization delays neuromuscular synapse elimination. This branch-specific disassembly of the cytoskeleton appears to be mediated by the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin, which is dysfunctional in some forms of upper motor neuron disease. Our results demonstrate a physiological role for a neurodegeneration-associated modulator of the cytoskeleton, reveal unexpected cell biology of branch-specific axon plasticity and underscore the mechanistic similarities of axon loss in development and disease. During synapse elimination, retreating axon branches dismantle their microtubules Microtubules are destabilized due to branch-specific severing Microtubule stabilization delays axon branch removal during synapse elimination The disease-associated microtubule severing protein spastin mediates microtubule loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika S Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Ruschkies
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia A Marahori
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam S Reuter
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Torben J Hausrat
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emily Weigand
- Ball State University, Department of Biology, 2000 West University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Matthew Fisher
- Ball State University, Department of Biology, 2000 West University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Andrea Ahles
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Derron L Bishop
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Medical Science Building 385, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15(th) Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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40
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Bert B, Chmielewska J, Bergmann S, Busch M, Driever W, Finger-Baier K, Hößler J, Köhler A, Leich N, Misgeld T, Nöldner T, Reiher A, Schartl M, Seebach-Sproedt A, Thumberger T, Schönfelder G, Grune B. Considerations for a European animal welfare standard to evaluate adverse phenotypes in teleost fish. EMBO J 2016; 35:1151-4. [PMID: 27107050 PMCID: PMC4888240 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The EU Directive on the use animals in research requires scientists to assess and document pain, distress or lasting harm of genetically modified animals. This article proposes a detailed protocol and guidelines for assessing adverse phenotypes in teleost fish, an important model organism for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bert
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sven Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Maximilian Busch
- German Society for Laboratory Animals Science (GV-SOLAS), Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Finger-Baier
- Department of Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johanna Hößler
- Landesverwaltungsamt Referat Verbraucherschutz Veterinärangelegenheiten, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Almut Köhler
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Sicherheit und Umwelt (SUM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nora Leich
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Nöldner
- Senatsverwaltung für Justiz und Verbraucherschutz, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Schartl
- Department Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Department of Biology, Texas Institute for Advanced Study Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Anja Seebach-Sproedt
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales Berlin, Veterinär- und Lebensmittelwesen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gilbert Schönfelder
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Grune
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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41
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Herwerth M, Kalluri SR, Srivastava R, Kleele T, Kenet S, Illes Z, Merkler D, Bennett JL, Misgeld T, Hemmer B. In vivo imaging reveals rapid astrocyte depletion and axon damage in a model of neuromyelitis optica-related pathology. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:794-805. [PMID: 26946517 PMCID: PMC5021140 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, which resembles multiple sclerosis (MS). NMO differs from MS, however, in the distribution and histology of neuroinflammatory lesions and shows a more aggressive clinical course. Moreover, the majority of NMO patients carry immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), an astrocytic water channel. Antibodies against AQP4 can damage astrocytes by complement, but NMO histopathology also shows demyelination, and — importantly—axon injury, which may determine permanent deficits following NMO relapses. The dynamics of astrocyte injury in NMO and the mechanisms by which toxicity spreads to axons are not understood. Methods Here, we establish in vivo imaging of the spinal cord, one of the main sites of NMO pathology, as a powerful tool to study the formation of experimental NMO‐related lesions caused by human AQP4 antibodies in mice. Results We found that human AQP4 antibodies caused acute astrocyte depletion with initial oligodendrocyte survival. Within 2 hours of antibody application, we observed secondary axon injury in the form of progressive swellings. Astrocyte toxicity and axon damage were dependent on AQP4 antibody titer and complement, specifically C1q. Interpretation In vivo imaging of the spinal cord reveals the swift development of NMO‐related acute axon injury after AQP4 antibody‐mediated astrocyte depletion. This approach will be useful in studying the mechanisms underlying the spread of NMO pathology beyond astrocytes, as well as in evaluating potential neuroprotective interventions. Ann Neurol 2016;79:794–805
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Herwerth
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Kalluri
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,equal contributing senior authors
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,equal contributing senior authors
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42
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Fujikawa Y, Roma LP, Sobotta MC, Rose AJ, Diaz MB, Locatelli G, Breckwoldt MO, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M, Herzig S, Müller-Decker K, Dick TP. Mouse redox histology using genetically encoded probes. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs1. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Marinković P, Godinho L, Misgeld T. Generation and Screening of Transgenic Mice with Neuronal Labeling Controlled by Thy1 Regulatory Elements. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:875-882. [PMID: 26430261 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top087668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been made using in vivo imaging in mice to study mammalian nervous system development, plasticity, and disease. This progress has depended in part on the wide availability of two-photon microscopy, which is capable of penetrating deep into scattering tissue. Equally important, however, is the generation of suitable transgenic mouse models, which provide a "Golgi staining"-like labeling of neurons that is sparse and bright enough for in vivo imaging. Particularly prominent among such transgenic mice are the so-called Thy1-XFP mice (in which XFP stands for any fluorescent protein) that are used in numerous studies, especially to visualize spine plasticity in the cortex and remodeling in peripheral synapses. New generations of Thy1-XFP mice are now being generated at a high rate, and these have allowed previously difficult experiments to become feasible. Moreover, with easy access to core facilities or commercial providers of pronuclear injections, generating simple Thy1 transgenic mice is now a possibility even for small laboratories. In this introduction, we discuss the Thy1 regulatory elements used to generate transgenic lines with neuronal labeling. We provide a brief overview of currently available Thy1 transgenic mice, including lines labeling neuronal organelles or reporting neuronal function.
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44
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Marinković P, Godinho L, Misgeld T. Generation of Thy1 Constructs for Pronuclear Injection. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:937-940. [PMID: 26430258 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot087676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With easy access to core facilities or commercial providers of pronuclear injections, generating simple Thy1-XFP transgenic mice (where XFP stands for any fluorescent protein) is now a possibility even for small laboratories. The generation of new Thy1 transgenic lines generally consists of five steps: (1) engineering and characterization of the desired fluorescent reporter protein, (2) cloning of the reporter protein into the Thy1 vector, (3) linearization and purification of the new Thy1 construct, (4) pronuclear injection to generate founders, and (5) screening of founder progeny to establish transgenic lines. Here, we provide a protocol for Steps 2 and 3. The sequence for a desired fluorescent reporter protein is cloned into the XhoI restriction site of the Thy1 vector. This usually involves blunt-end cloning because the traditional Thy1 vector does not carry an intact multiple cloning site. Following successful cloning, the DNA is prepared for pronuclear injection by linearizing it using EcoRI and PvuI restriction enzymes. The purified linearized DNA must then be sent to a facility specializing in pronuclear injection to generate transgenic founder mice.
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45
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Abstract
Because core facilities that generate transgenic founder mice for a reasonable fee are now available at most major research institutions, generating new Thy1-XFP transgenic animals (in which XFP stands for any fluorescent protein) is an option even for relatively small laboratories. Here, we provide a protocol for screening offspring of Thy1 transgenic founders. Acute neuromuscular explants are obtained from 3-wk-old F1 mice that have been produced by crossing Thy1 transgenic founders and commercially obtained inbred mice. Thy1-driven expression is detected by fluorescence microscopy.
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46
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Abstract
New generations of Thy1-XFP transgenic mice (where XFP stands for any fluorescent protein) can now be readily generated, given the availability of core facilities or commercial providers of Thy1 pronuclear injections. Here, we provide a protocol for screening founder progeny. Transcardial perfusion is performed on 3-wk-old F1 mice that have been produced by crossing Thy1 transgenic founders and commercially obtained inbred mice. Cryosections are generated, and Thy1-driven expression is detected by histological characterization.
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47
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Abstract
Visualizing neuronal mitochondria in a living, intact mammalian organism is a challenge that can be overcome in zebrafish larvae, which are highly accessible for optical imaging and genetic manipulation. Here, we detail an approach to visualize neuronal mitochondria in sensory Rohon-Beard axons, which allows quantitatively measuring mitochondrial shape, dynamics, and transport in vivo. This provides a useful assay for basic studies exploring the behavior of neuronal mitochondria in their natural habitat, for revealing the influence that disease-related alterations have on this behavior and for testing pharmacological compounds and genetic manipulations that might ameliorate disease-related mitochondrial phenotypes in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Paquet
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Misgeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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48
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Held K, Bhonsle-Deeng L, Siewert K, Sato W, Beltrán E, Schmidt S, Rühl G, Ng JKM, Engerer P, Moser M, Klinkert WEF, Babbe H, Misgeld T, Wekerle H, Laplaud DA, Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K. αβ T-cell receptors from multiple sclerosis brain lesions show MAIT cell-related features. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015; 2:e107. [PMID: 25977934 PMCID: PMC4426681 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize phenotypes of T cells that accumulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, to compare the lesional T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of T-cell subsets to peripheral blood, and to identify paired α and β chains from single CD8+ T cells from an index patient who we followed for 18 years. Methods: We combined immunohistochemistry, laser microdissection, and single-cell multiplex PCR to characterize T-cell subtypes and identify paired TCRα and TCRβ chains from individual brain-infiltrating T cells in frozen brain sections. The lesional and peripheral TCR repertoires were analyzed by pyrosequencing. Results: We found that a TCR Vβ1+ T-cell population that was strikingly expanded in active brain lesions at clinical onset comprises several subclones expressing distinct yet closely related Vα7.2+ α chains, including a canonical Vα7.2-Jα33 chain of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Three other α chains bear striking similarities in their antigen-recognizing, hypervariable complementarity determining region 3. Longitudinal repertoire studies revealed that the TCR chains that were massively expanded in brain at onset persisted for several years in blood or CSF but subsequently disappeared except for the canonical Vα7.2+ MAIT cell and a few other TCR sequences that were still detectable in blood after 18 years. Conclusions: Our observation that a massively expanded TCR Vβ1-Jβ2.3 chain paired with distinct yet closely related canonical or atypical MAIT cell–related α chains strongly points to an antigen-driven process in early active MS brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Held
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Latika Bhonsle-Deeng
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Wakiro Sato
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Geraldine Rühl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Judy K M Ng
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Peter Engerer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Wolfgang E F Klinkert
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Holger Babbe
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (K.H., L.B.-D., K.S., W.S., E.B., G.R., J.K.M.N., R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis (S.S.), Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes Hospital, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology (P.E., T.M.), TU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Molecular Medicine (M.M.), Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department for Neuroimmunology (W.E.F.K., H.W.), Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Genetics (H.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.M., H.W., R.H., K.D.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) (T.M.), Munich, Germany; and INSERM, UMR 1064 (D.A.L.), Nantes, France
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Breckwoldt MO, Wittmann C, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M, Grabher C. Redox imaging using genetically encoded redox indicators in zebrafish and mice. Biol Chem 2015; 396:511-22. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Redox signals have emerged as important regulators of cellular physiology and pathology. The advent of redox imaging in vertebrate systems now provides the opportunity to dynamically visualize redox signaling during development and disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the generation of genetically encoded redox indicators (GERIs), introduce new redox imaging strategies, and highlight key publications in the field of vertebrate redox imaging. We also discuss the limitations and future potential of in vivo redox imaging in zebrafish and mice.
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Wehnekamp F, Plucińska G, Misgeld T, Lamb DC. 3D Real-Time Orbital Tracking in Zebrafish Embryos: High Spatiotemporal Analysis of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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