1
|
Chen B, Zhu G, Yan A, He J, Liu Y, Li L, Yang X, Dong C, Kee K. IGSF11 is required for pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during meiotic diplotene. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009778. [PMID: 34491997 PMCID: PMC8448346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis initiation and progression are regulated by both germ cells and gonadal somatic cells. However, little is known about what genes or proteins connecting somatic and germ cells are required for this regulation. Our results show that deficiency for adhesion molecule IGSF11, which is expressed in both Sertoli cells and germ cells, leads to male infertility in mice. Combining a new meiotic fluorescent reporter system with testicular cell transplantation, we demonstrated that IGSF11 is required in both somatic cells and spermatogenic cells for primary spermatocyte development. In the absence of IGSF11, spermatocytes proceed through pachytene, but the pericentric heterochromatin of nonhomologous chromosomes remains inappropriately clustered from late pachytene onward, resulting in undissolved interchromosomal interactions. Hi-C analysis reveals elevated levels of interchromosomal interactions occurring mostly at the chromosome ends. Collectively, our data elucidates that IGSF11 in somatic cells and germ cells is required for pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during diplotene in mouse primary spermatocytes. For sexually reproducing species, the number of chromosomes in a mature germ cell is half that of a typical somatic cell, and its chromosome sequence is not identical to that of parental cell, these changes result from a highly specialized cell division process named meiosis. In contrast to mitosis, germ cells undergo many meiotic-specific regulatory processes during prophase I of meiosis. In mammals, the development of male and female meiotic germ cells relies on completely different microenvironment provided by sexually specialized gonadal somatic cells, but what gene is required for germ cells and gonadal somatic cells to mediate meiosis progression is largely unclear. Here, we construct a fluorescent reporter to trace meiotic prophase in mice, and use it to examine the requirement of IGSF11 in mediating pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gengzhen Zhu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - An Yan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kummer D, Steinbacher T, Schwietzer MF, Thölmann S, Ebnet K. Tetraspanins: integrating cell surface receptors to functional microdomains in homeostasis and disease. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:397-405. [PMID: 32274581 PMCID: PMC7395057 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins comprise a family of proteins embedded in the membrane through four transmembrane domains. One of the most distinctive features of tetraspanins is their ability to interact with other proteins in the membrane using their extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, allowing them to incorporate several proteins into clusters called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. The spatial proximity of signaling proteins and their regulators enables a rapid functional cross-talk between these proteins, which is required for a rapid translation of extracellular signals into intracellular signaling cascades. In this article, we highlight a few examples that illustrate how tetraspanin-mediated interactions between cell surface proteins allow their functional cross-talk to regulate intracellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mariel Flavia Schwietzer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Thölmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roosenboom B, van Lochem EG, Meijer J, Smids C, Nierkens S, Brand EC, van Erp LW, Kemperman LG, Groenen MJ, Horjus Talabur Horje CS, Wahab PJ. Development of Mucosal PNAd + and MAdCAM-1 + Venules during Disease Course in Ulcerative Colitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040891. [PMID: 32268498 PMCID: PMC7226824 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PNAd and MAdCAM-1 addressins on venules are of importance in T-cell homing and potential therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC). Normally, PNAd+ high endothelial venules (HEVs) are only present in lymphoid organs, whereas small numbers of MAdCAM-1+ venules can be seen in non-lymphoid tissue. We aimed to study their presence in the intestinal mucosa of UC patients at diagnosis and during follow-up, and their correlation with disease activity. Colonic biopsy specimens of 378 UC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, ERG, MECA-79 (PNAd) and MECA-376 (MAdCAM-1) and compared to healthy controls (HC). The proportion of PNAd+HEVs in UC at diagnosis was 4.9% (IQR 2.0%-8.3%), while none were detected in HC. During follow-up, PNAd+HEVs completely disappeared in remission (n = 93), whereas the proportion in active disease was similar to baseline (n = 285, p = 0.39). The proportion of MAdCAM-1+venules in UC at baseline was 5.8% (IQR 2.6-10.0). During follow-up, the proportion in remission was comparable to diagnosis, but upregulated (7.5% (IQR 4.4-10.9), p = 0.001) in active disease. In conclusion, PNAd+HEVs appear in UC during active inflammation which could thus serve as a marker for disease activity, whereas MAdCAM-1+venules remain present after inflammation is resolved and increase after subsequent flares, reflecting chronicity and potentially serving as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Roosenboom
- Crohn & Colitis Centre Rijnstate, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3188-0058952; Fax: +3188-0057506
| | - Ellen G. van Lochem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carolijn Smids
- Crohn & Colitis Centre Rijnstate, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- U-DAIR and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco C. Brand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot W. van Erp
- Crohn & Colitis Centre Rijnstate, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel J.M. Groenen
- Crohn & Colitis Centre Rijnstate, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen S. Horjus Talabur Horje
- Crohn & Colitis Centre Rijnstate, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Wahab
- Crohn & Colitis Centre Rijnstate, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joustra SD, Roelfsema F, van Trotsenburg ASP, Schneider HJ, Kosilek RP, Kroon HM, Logan JG, Butterfield NC, Zhou X, Toufaily C, Bak B, Turgeon MO, Brûlé E, Steyn FJ, Gurnell M, Koulouri O, Le Tissier P, Fontanaud P, Duncan Bassett JH, Williams GR, Oostdijk W, Wit JM, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR, Bernard DJ, Schoenmakers N. IGSF1 Deficiency Results in Human and Murine Somatotrope Neurosecretory Hyperfunction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5606971. [PMID: 31650157 PMCID: PMC7108761 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The X-linked immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1), gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and in pituitary cells of the POU1F1 lineage. Human loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause central hypothyroidism, hypoprolactinemia, and macroorchidism. Additionally, most affected adults exhibit higher than average IGF-1 levels and anecdotal reports describe acromegaloid features in older subjects. However, somatotrope function has not yet been formally evaluated in this condition. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the role of IGSF1 in human and murine somatotrope function. PATIENTS, DESIGN, AND SETTING We evaluated 21 adult males harboring hemizygous IGSF1 loss-of-function mutations for features of GH excess, in an academic clinical setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We compared biochemical and tissue markers of GH excess in patients and controls, including 24-hour GH profile studies in 7 patients. Parallel studies were undertaken in male Igsf1-deficient mice and wild-type littermates. RESULTS IGSF1-deficient adult male patients demonstrated acromegaloid facial features with increased head circumference as well as increased finger soft-tissue thickness. Median serum IGF-1 concentrations were elevated, and 24-hour GH profile studies confirmed 2- to 3-fold increased median basal, pulsatile, and total GH secretion. Male Igsf1-deficient mice also demonstrated features of GH excess with increased lean mass, organ size, and skeletal dimensions and elevated mean circulating IGF-1 and pituitary GH levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate somatotrope neurosecretory hyperfunction in IGSF1-deficient humans and mice. These observations define a hitherto uncharacterized role for IGSF1 in somatotropes and indicate that patients with IGSF1 mutations should be evaluated for long-term consequences of increased GH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Nadia Schoenmakers, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK. E-mail:
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harald J Schneider
- Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert P Kosilek
- Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herman M Kroon
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beata Bak
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Turgeon
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Brûlé
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Gurnell
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Olympia Koulouri
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Paul Le Tissier
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pierre Fontanaud
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INSERM, and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mizutani Y, Kobayashi H, Iida T, Asai N, Masamune A, Hara A, Esaki N, Ushida K, Mii S, Shiraki Y, Ando K, Weng L, Ishihara S, Ponik SM, Conklin MW, Haga H, Nagasaka A, Miyata T, Matsuyama M, Kobayashi T, Fujii T, Yamada S, Yamaguchi J, Wang T, Woods SL, Worthley D, Shimamura T, Fujishiro M, Hirooka Y, Enomoto A, Takahashi M. Meflin-Positive Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Inhibit Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5367-5381. [PMID: 31439548 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) constitute a major component of the tumor microenvironment. Recent observations in genetically engineered mouse models and clinical studies have suggested that there may exist at least two functionally different populations of CAFs, that is, cancer-promoting CAFs (pCAF) and cancer-restraining CAFs (rCAF). Although various pCAF markers have been identified, the identity of rCAFs remains unknown because of the lack of rCAF-specific marker(s). In this study, we found that Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is a marker of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and maintains their undifferentiated state, is expressed by pancreatic stellate cells that are a source of CAFs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In situ hybridization analysis of 71 human PDAC tissues revealed that the infiltration of Meflin-positive CAFs correlated with favorable patient outcome. Consistent herewith, Meflin deficiency led to significant tumor progression with poorly differentiated histology in a PDAC mouse model. Similarly, genetic ablation of Meflin-positive CAFs resulted in poor differentiation of tumors in a syngeneic transplantation model. Conversely, delivery of a Meflin-expressing lentivirus into the tumor stroma or overexpression of Meflin in CAFs suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors. Lineage tracing revealed that Meflin-positive cells gave rise to α-smooth muscle actin-positive CAFs that are positive or negative for Meflin, suggesting a mechanism for generating CAF heterogeneity. Meflin deficiency or low expression resulted in straightened stromal collagen fibers, which represent a signature for aggressive tumors, in mouse or human PDAC tissues, respectively. Together, the data suggest that Meflin is a marker of rCAFs that suppress PDAC progression. SIGNIFICANCE: Meflin marks and functionally contributes to a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts that exert antitumoral effects.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5367/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Hara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenju Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew W Conklin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tongtong Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Woods
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Worthley
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Novák J, Panská L, Macháček T, Kolářová L, Horák P. Humoral response of mice infected with Toxocara canis following different infection schemes. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:823-835. [PMID: 29035857 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was focused on the dynamics of humoral response to Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens (TES antigens) in mice experimentally infected by T. canis L3 larvae in different ways. In particular, we compared the effect of infection with two doses of 1000 larvae vs. repeated infections with a low number of larvae (daily infection with 10 larvae and weekly infection with 100 larvae in the course of 22 weeks). In ELISA, all infections, including both schemes with lower larval doses, elicited significant antibody response. Elevated levels of total IgE and TES-antigen-specific IgM were detected on day 12 after the first infection, followed by IgG and IgG1, and later by IgG3, IgG2a and IgG2b; specific IgE response was not detected. It seems that the high levels of IgM and IgG1 represent the best markers of infection. In addition, gradual increase of IgG2a and IgG2b could help in determination of the infection course. As a byproduct of our work, a new method of infection by repeated drinking of larvae was introduced; it minimizes the pain and discomfort for the experimental mice.
Collapse
|
7
|
Goncharova K, Lozinska L, Arevalo Sureda E, Woliński J, Weström B, Pierzynowski S. Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180002. [PMID: 28658291 PMCID: PMC5489200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are among the main clinical problems affecting preterm children and often result in the development of communication and learning disabilities later in life. Several factors are of importance for brain development, however the role of immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer) has not yet been investigated. Piglets are born agammaglobulinemic, as a result of the lack of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins in utero, thus, they serve as an ideal model to mimic the condition of immunoglobulin deficiency in preterm infants. Thirty six, unsuckled newborn piglets were fed an infant formula or colostrum and supplemented orally or intravenously with either species-specific or foreign immunoglobulin and then compared to both newborn and sow-reared piglets. Two days after the piglets were born behavioural tests (novel recognition and olfactory discrimination of conspecifics scent) were performed, after which the piglets were sacrificed and blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampi samples were collected for analyses. Both parameters of neuronal plasticity (neuronal maturation and synapse-associated proteins) and behavioural test parameters appeared to be improved by the appearance of species-specific porcine immunoglulin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid of the piglets. In conclusion, we postulate possible positive clinical effects following intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin in terms of neuronal plasticity and cognitive function in preterm infants born with low blood immunoglobulin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Goncharova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- R&D Anara AB, Trelleborg, Sweden
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Liudmyla Lozinska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- R&D Anara AB, Trelleborg, Sweden
| | | | - Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- R&D Anara AB, Trelleborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
When a spermatozoon fertilizes an oocyte in mammals, there must be an extremely precise regulation system for successful gamete fusion to occur, which is the final step of fertilization. Using gene-modified animals, IZUMO1 on the sperm side and its receptor, JUNO, on the ovum side, have been unveiled as indispensable factors for triggering membrane fusion. We recently analyzed the detailed molecular machinery of the IZUMO1-JUNO recognition system and clarified the tertiary architecture of the IZUMO1-JUNO complex based on the crystal structure. Over the past 2 years, important discoveries have successively emerged, presenting a new perspective on fertilization. In this mini-review, I will initially explain the historical background of the molecular mechanism study of gamete fusion, and go on to describe our latest study data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Inoue
- Department of Cell Science, School of Medicine, Institutes for Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima-City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu H, Jain R, Guan J, Vuong V, Ishido S, La Gruta NL, Gray DH, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Ubiquitin ligase MARCH 8 cooperates with CD83 to control surface MHC II expression in thymic epithelium and CD4 T cell selection. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1695-703. [PMID: 27503069 PMCID: PMC4995085 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression is tightly regulated, being subjected to cell type-specific mechanisms that closely control its levels at the cell surface. Ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH 1 regulates MHC II expression in dendritic cells and B cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the related ligase MARCH 8 is responsible for regulating surface MHC II in thymic epithelial cells (TECs). March8(-/-) mice have elevated MHC II at the surface of cortical TECs and autoimmune regulator (AIRE)(-) medullary TECs (mTECs), but not AIRE(+) mTECs. Despite this, thymic and splenic CD4(+) T cell numbers and repertoires remained unaltered in March8(-/-) mice. Notably, the ubiquitination of MHC II by MARCH 8 is controlled by CD83. Mice expressing a mutated form of CD83 (Cd83(anu/anu) mice) have impaired CD4(+) T cell selection, but deleting March8 in Cd83(anu/anu) mice restored CD4(+) T cell selection to normal levels. Therefore, orchestrated regulation of MHC II surface expression in TECs by MARCH 8 and CD83 plays a major role in CD4(+) T cell selection. Our results also highlight the specialized use of ubiquitinating machinery in distinct antigen-presenting cell types, with important functional consequences and implications for therapeutic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Reema Jain
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vivian Vuong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Laboratory of Integrative Infection Immunity, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-0042, Japan Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663-8131, Japan
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel H Gray
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Rohrscheidt J, Petrozziello E, Nedjic J, Federle C, Krzyzak L, Ploegh HL, Ishido S, Steinkasserer A, Klein L. Thymic CD4 T cell selection requires attenuation of March8-mediated MHCII turnover in cortical epithelial cells through CD83. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1685-94. [PMID: 27503071 PMCID: PMC4995086 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of CD83 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) dramatically impairs thymic CD4 T cell selection. CD83 can exert cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic functions through discrete protein domains, but it remains unclear how CD83's capacity to operate through these alternative functional modules relates to its crucial role in TECs. In this study, using viral reconstitution of gene function in TECs, we found that CD83's transmembrane domain is necessary and sufficient for thymic CD4 T cell selection. Moreover, a ubiquitination-resistant MHCII variant restored CD4 T cell selection in Cd83(-/-) mice. Although during dendritic cell maturation CD83 is known to stabilize MHCII through opposing the ubiquitin ligase March1, regulation of March1 did not account for CD83's TEC-intrinsic role. Instead, we provide evidence that MHCII in cortical TECs (cTECs) is targeted by March8, an E3 ligase of as yet unknown physiological substrate specificity. Ablating March8 in Cd83(-/-) mice restored CD4 T cell development. Our results identify CD83-mediated MHCII stabilization through antagonism of March8 as a novel functional adaptation of cTECs for T cell selection. Furthermore, these findings suggest an intriguing division of labor between March1 and March8 in controlling inducible versus constitutive MHCII expression in hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells versus TECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Rohrscheidt
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Petrozziello
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jelena Nedjic
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christine Federle
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lena Krzyzak
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | | | - Ludger Klein
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perez de Arce K, Schrod N, Metzbower SWR, Allgeyer E, Kong GKW, Tang AH, Krupp AJ, Stein V, Liu X, Bewersdorf J, Blanpied TA, Lucić V, Biederer T. Topographic Mapping of the Synaptic Cleft into Adhesive Nanodomains. Neuron 2015; 88:1165-1172. [PMID: 26687224 PMCID: PMC4687029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cleft is an integral part of synapses, yet its macromolecular organization remains unclear. We show here that the cleft of excitatory synapses exhibits a distinct density profile as measured by cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET). Aiming for molecular insights, we analyzed the synapse-organizing proteins Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (SynCAM 1) and EphB2. Cryo-ET of SynCAM 1 knockout and overexpressor synapses showed that this immunoglobulin protein shapes the cleft's edge. SynCAM 1 delineates the postsynaptic perimeter as determined by immunoelectron microscopy and super-resolution imaging. In contrast, the EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is enriched deeper within the postsynaptic area. Unexpectedly, SynCAM 1 can form ensembles proximal to postsynaptic densities, and synapses containing these ensembles were larger. Postsynaptic SynCAM 1 surface puncta were not static but became enlarged after a long-term depression paradigm. These results support that the synaptic cleft is organized on a nanoscale into sub-compartments marked by distinct trans-synaptic complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Perez de Arce
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nikolas Schrod
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sarah W R Metzbower
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Edward Allgeyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Geoffrey K-W Kong
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander J Krupp
- Department of Physiology, Universität Bonn Medical Faculty, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Department of Physiology, Universität Bonn Medical Faculty, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jörg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vladan Lucić
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mao Y, Peng Y, Zeng Q, Cheng L, Wang B, Mao X, Meng K, Liu Y, Lian Y, Li D. A Potential Mechanism of High-Dose Ticagrelor in Modulating Platelet Activity and Atherosclerosis Mediated by Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141464. [PMID: 26517374 PMCID: PMC4627752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and its receptor (TSLPR) was found in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Ticagrelor, an oral platelet ADP P2Y12 receptor antagonist, is widely used in these patients. The aim of this study was to verify whether different doses of ticagrelor regulated plaque progression and platelet activity by modulating TSLP/TSLPR. Seventy-five ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups: (1) high-cholesterol diet (HCD, n = 15); (2) HCD plus ticagrelor 25 mg/kg/d (T1, n = 15); (3) HCD plus ticagrelor 50 mg/kg/d (T2, n = 15); (4) HCD plus ticagrelor 100 mg/kg/d (T3, n = 15); and (5) a normal diet group (ND, n = 15). At day 0 and at week 16, blood lipids and serum TSLP levels, expression of TSLPR, CD62, and CD63, platelet aggregation, platelet ATP release, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and plaque morphology were assessed. HCD increased TSLPR expression and atherosclerosis progression but high-dose ticagrelor (100 mg/kg) moderated this trend. TSLPR was positively correlated with Akt1, platelet aggregation, corrected plaque area, and vulnerability index in the T3 group (P<0.01). In conclusion, low-dose ticagrelor only inhibited platelet activity. Besides this inhibition, high-dose ticagrelor modulated platelet activity and atherosclerosis mediated by TSLPR, potentially through the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mao
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yudong Peng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Longxian Cheng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Kai Meng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yitian Lian
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Murray CF, Veira DM, Nadalin AL, Haines DM, Jackson ML, Pearl DL, Leslie KE. The effect of dystocia on physiological and behavioral characteristics related to vitality and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in newborn Holstein calves. Can J Vet Res 2015; 79:109-19. [PMID: 25852226 PMCID: PMC4365702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of calving difficulty or dystocia on the vitality of newborn calves and its association with blood pH, the apparent efficiency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) absorption (AEA), and weight gain. A total of 45 calving events (N = 48 calves) were monitored from the first sight of fetal membranes. All calves were assessed at the time of first attaining sternal recumbency (SR), at 2 and 24 h, and at 7 and 14 d of age. Measurements included time to SR, rectal temperature, respiration and heart rate, analysis of blood gases and other blood measures, suckling response, time to standing, passive transfer of IgG, and weight gain. Calves were separated from their dam 2 h after birth and fed a commercial colostrum replacer containing 180 g of IgG by esophageal tube feeder. Calves born following dystocia had lower venous blood pH and took longer to attain SR and attempt to stand than those born unassisted. Duration of calving interacted with the number of people required to extract the calf by pulling as a significant predictor of pH at SR. No association was found between pH at SR and AEA. However, reduced AEA was found in calves that were female and in calves that did not achieve SR within 15 min of birth. A longer calving duration, being born in July or August rather than June, and a shorter time spent standing in the first 2 d of life were significantly associated with reduced weight gain to 14 d. It was concluded that factors at calving impact the physiology, vitality, and subsequent weight gain of newborn calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine F. Murray
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| | - Doug M. Veira
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| | - Audrey L. Nadalin
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| | - Deborah M. Haines
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| | - Marion L. Jackson
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| | - David L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| | - Ken E. Leslie
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Murray, Pearl, Leslie); Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia VOM 1AO (Veira, Nadalin); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Haines, Jackson); The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., 30 Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 6A2
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues, which is performed predominantly in the blood capillaries. However, RBCs have unique flow-affecting properties that play a key role in blood flow in all blood vessel types and sizes. While RBCs as oxygen carriers have been studied extensively, their hemodynamic function has been examined less comprehensively. This review aims to bridge this gap, focusing on the role of RBC flow properties in hemodynamics, hemostasis and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Barshtein
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The CD200:CD200R1 inhibitory signaling pathway has been implicated in playing a prominent role in limiting inflammation in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. CD200R1 signaling inhibits the expression of proinflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor, interferons, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to selected stimuli. Unsurprisingly, due to the regulatory role that CD200R1 plays in multiple inflammatory pathways, an increasing number of parasitic, bacterial, and viral pathogens exploit this pathway to suppress host defenses. A complete understanding of the pathways regulated by CD200R1 signaling and the diverse mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to manipulate the CD200:CD200R1 pathway can help identify clinical situations where targeting this interaction can be of therapeutic benefit. In this review, we compare CD200R1 to other pathogen-targeted inhibitory receptors and highlight how this signaling pathway is utilized by a diverse number of pathogens and, therefore, may represent a novel targeting strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- Extracellular Fluid/immunology
- Extracellular Fluid/microbiology
- Extracellular Fluid/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/microbiology
- Inflammation/virology
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Mice
- Orexin Receptors
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, KIR/administration & dosage
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Vaine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roy J Soberman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chattopadhyay G, Shevach EM. Antigen-specific induced T regulatory cells impair dendritic cell function via an IL-10/MARCH1-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 2013; 191:5875-84. [PMID: 24218453 PMCID: PMC3858537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) are critically important for the maintenance of immunological tolerance, immune homeostasis, and prevention of autoimmunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the major targets of Treg-mediated suppression. Some studies have suggested that Treg-mediated suppression of DC function is mediated by the interaction of CTLA-4 on Tregs with CD80/CD86 on the DCs resulting in downregulation of CD80/CD86 expression and a decrease in costimulation. We have re-examined the effects of Tregs on mouse DC function in a model in which Ag-specific, induced Tregs (iTregs) are cocultured with DCs in the absence of T effector cells. iTreg-treated DCs are markedly defective in their capacity to activate naive T cells. iTregs from CTLA-4-deficient mice failed to induce downregulation of CD80/CD86, but DCs treated with CTLA-4-deficient iTregs still exhibited impaired capacity to activate naive T cells. The iTreg-induced defect in DC function could be completely reversed by anti-IL-10, and IL-10-deficient iTregs failed to downregulate DC function. iTreg-treated DCs expressed high levels of MARCH1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, recently found to degrade CD86 and MHC class II on the DCs and expressed lower levels of CD83, a molecule involved in neutralizing the function of MARCH1. Both the enhanced expression of MARCH1 and the decreased expression of CD83 were mediated by IL-10 produced by the iTregs. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that a major suppressive mechanism of DC function by iTregs is secondary to the effects of IL-10 on MARCH1 and CD83 expression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-2 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/deficiency
- CTLA-4 Antigen/physiology
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/biosynthesis
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/physiology
- CD83 Antigen
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ren G, Beech C, Smas CM. The immunoglobulin superfamily protein differentiation of embryonic stem cells 1 (dies1) has a regulatory role in preadipocyte to adipocyte conversion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65531. [PMID: 23799023 PMCID: PMC3684596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells 1 (Dies1) was recently identified as a novel type I immunoglobulin (IgG) domain-containing plasma membrane protein important for effective differentiation of a murine pluripotent embryonic stem cell line. In this setting, Dies1 enhances bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling. Here we show Dies1 transcript expression is induced ∼225-fold during in vitro adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes. Immunocytochemical imaging using ectopic expression of Flag-tagged Dies1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes revealed localization to the adipocyte plasma membrane. Modulation of adipocyte phenotype with with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) treatment or by siRNA knockdown of the master pro-adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) resulted in a 90% and 60% reduction of Dies1 transcript levels, respectively. Moreover, siRNA-mediated Dies1 knockdown in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes inhibited adipogenic conversion. Such cultures had a 35% decrease in lipid content and a 45%–65% reduction in expression of key adipocyte transcripts, including that for PPARγ. The standard protocol for full in vitro adipogenic conversion of committed preadipocytes, such as 3T3-L1, does not include BMP4 treatment. Thus we posit the positive role of Dies1 in adipogenesis, unlike that for Dies1 in differentiation of embryonic stem cells, does not include its pro-BMP4 effects. In support of this idea, 3T3-L1 adipocytes knocked down for Dies1 did not evidence decreased phospho-Smad1 levels upon BMP4 exposure. qPCR analysis of Dies1 transcript in multiple murine and human tissues reveals high enrichment in white adipose tissue (WAT). Interestingly, we observed a 10-fold induction of Dies1 transcript in WAT of fasted vs. fed mice, suggesting a role for Dies1 in nutritional response of mature fat cells in vivo. Together our data identify Dies1 as a new differentiation-dependent adipocyte plasma membrane protein whose expression is required for effective adipogenesis and that may also play a role in regard to nutritional status in WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cameron Beech
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Smas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Hiruma Y, Tsuda E, Maeda N, Okada A, Kabasawa N, Miyamoto M, Hattori H, Fukuda C. Impaired osteoclast differentiation and function and mild osteopetrosis development in Siglec-15-deficient mice. Bone 2013; 53:87-93. [PMID: 23238125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is a cell surface receptor for sialylated glycan ligands. Recent in vitro studies revealed upregulated Siglec-15 expression in differentiated osteoclasts and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by anti-Siglec-15 polyclonal antibody, demonstrating Siglec-15 involvement in osteoclastogenesis. To discern the physiological role of Siglec-15 in skeletal development and osteoclast formation and/or function in vivo, we generated Siglec-15-deficient (siglec-15(-/-)) mice and analyzed their phenotype. The siglec-15(-/-) mice developed without physical abnormalities other than increased trabecular bone mass in lumbar vertebrae and metaphyseal regions of the femur and tibia, causing mild osteopetrosis. Histological analyses demonstrated that the number of osteoclasts present on the femoral trabecular bone of the mutant mice was comparable to that of the wild-type mice. However, urinary deoxypyridinoline, a systemic bone resorption marker, decreased in the siglec-15(-/-) mice, indicating that impaired osteoclast function was responsible for increased bone mass in the mutant mice. In addition, the ability of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages from the siglec-15(-/-) mice to differentiate into osteoclasts was impaired, as determined in vitro by cellular tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in response to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand or tumor necrosis factor-α. These results reveal the importance of Siglec-15 in the regulation of osteoclast formation and/or function in vivo, providing new insights into osteoclast biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Hiruma
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Di Piazza M, Nowell CS, Koch U, Durham AD, Radtke F. Loss of cutaneous TSLP-dependent immune responses skews the balance of inflammation from tumor protective to tumor promoting. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:479-93. [PMID: 23079658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can promote or inhibit cancer progression. In this study we have addressed the role of the proinflammatory cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) during skin carcinogenesis. Using conditional loss- and gain-of-function mouse models for Notch and Wnt signaling, respectively, we demonstrate that TSLP-mediated inflammation protects against cutaneous carcinogenesis by acting directly on CD4 and CD8 T cells. Genetic ablation of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) perturbs T-cell-mediated protection and results in the accumulation of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells. These promote tumor growth by secreting Wnt ligands and augmenting β-catenin signaling in the neighboring epithelium. Epithelial specific ablation of β-catenin prevents both carcinogenesis and the accumulation of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells, suggesting tumor cells initiate a feed-forward loop that induces protumorigenic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Di Piazza
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
MacLellan LM, Montgomery J, Sugiyama F, Kitson SM, Thümmler K, Silverman GJ, Beers SA, Nibbs RJB, McInnes IB, Goodyear CS. Co-opting endogenous immunoglobulin for the regulation of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in humans and mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 63:3897-907. [PMID: 22127707 DOI: 10.1002/art.30629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cells of the monocytic lineage play fundamental roles in the regulation of health, ranging from the initiation and resolution of inflammation to bone homeostasis. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the inflamed synovium exhibits characteristic infiltration of macrophages along with local osteoclast maturation, which, together, drive chronic inflammation and downstream articular destruction. The aim of this study was to explore an entirely novel route of immunoglobulin-mediated regulation, involving simultaneous suppression of the inflammatory and erosive processes in the synovium. METHODS Using in vivo and in vitro studies of human cells and a murine model of RA, the ability of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) to interact with and modulate cells of the monocytic lineage was tested. In addition, the efficacy of SPA as a therapeutic agent was evaluated in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). RESULTS SPA showed a capacity to appropriate circulating IgG, by generating small immunoglobulin complexes that interacted with monocytes, macrophages, and preosteoclasts. Formation of these complexes resulted in Fcγ receptor type I-dependent polarization of macrophages to a regulatory phenotype, rendering them unresponsive to activators such as interferon-γ. The antiinflammatory complexes also had the capacity to directly inhibit differentiation of preosteoclasts into osteoclasts in humans. Moreover, administration of SPA in the early stages of disease substantially alleviated the clinical and histologic erosive features of CIA in mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the overarching utility of immunoglobulin complexes for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. The results shed light on the interface between immunoglobulin complex-mediated pathways, osteoclastogenesis, and associated pathologic processes. Thus, therapeutic agents designed to harness all of these properties may be an effective treatment for arthritis, by targeting both the innate inflammatory response and prodestructive pathways.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/pharmacology
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/physiology
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Staphylococcal Protein A/pharmacology
- Staphylococcal Protein A/therapeutic use
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/physiology
Collapse
|
23
|
Akeel M, McNamee CJ, Youssef S, Moss D. DIgLONs inhibit initiation of neurite outgrowth from forebrain neurons via an IgLON-containing receptor complex. Brain Res 2010; 1374:27-35. [PMID: 21167820 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgLONs are a family of four GPI-anchored cell adhesion molecules that regulate neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis and may act as tumour suppressor genes. IgLONs are thought to function as monomers or homodimers and we have proposed that IgLONs also act as heterodimeric complexes termed Dimeric IgLONs or DIgLONs. Here we show that the initiation of neurite outgrowth is inhibited from a subset of chick embryonic day (E) 7 or 8 forebrain neurons when they are cultured on CHO cell lines expressing DIgLON:CEPU-1-OBCAM and DIgLON:CEPU-1-LAMP but not on CHO cells that express single IgLONs CEPU-1 or OBCAM. Surprisingly at the younger age of E6 forebrain neurons do not respond to DIgLONs. Since there is little difference in expression of IgLONs on the surface of chick forebrain neurons at these two ages we suggest IgLONs alone are not the receptor on the responding forebrain neurons. A DIgLON heterodimeric recombinant protein DIgLON:CEPU-1-OBCAM-Fc also blocked neurite outgrowth from E8 chick forebrain neurons. However, when IgLONs were removed from the surface of these E8 neurons they no longer responded to DIgLON:CEPU-1-OBCAM-Fc substrate, indicating that IgLONs form at least a component of the neuronal cell receptor complex involved in this inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Inhibitors pertussis toxin and Y27632 reversed the inhibition of neurite outgrowth on a DIgLON:CEPU-1-OBCAM and DIgLON:CEPU-1-LAMP substrate. This suggests the involvement of a G-protein coupled receptor and activation of Rho A. In summary we provide evidence that DIgLON:CEPU-1-OBCAM and DIgLON:CEPU-1-LAMP complexes regulate initiation of neurite outgrowth on forebrain neurons via an IgLON-containing receptor complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akeel
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alekseev LP, Khaitov RM. [Regulatory role of the immune system in the organism]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2010; 96:787-805. [PMID: 20968064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents modern idea of regulatory role of the human immune system in performing a number of physiological functions including intercellular interactions, reproductive process, and forming of protection against external and internal aggression. Significance of the immune system is considered and substantiated, that of genes of the human immune response in particular in provision of human survival as a biological species.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bochner BS, Gleich GJ. What targeting eosinophils has taught us about their role in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:16-25; quiz 26-7. [PMID: 20434203 PMCID: PMC2902581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil-associated disease is a term used to encompass a range of disorders from hypereosinophilic syndrome to asthma. Despite the longstanding belief that eosinophils can be primary contributors to disease pathophysiology, it is only in recent years that direct and selective reduction or elimination of eosinophils can be achieved in animals or human subjects. These developments have been made possible in mice through clever targeting of eosinophil production. Antibodies and other agents that target soluble eosinophil-related molecules, such as IL-5, or cell-surface structures, such as CCR3, have also proved useful in reducing blood and tissue eosinophil counts. In human subjects the only eosinophil-selective agents tested in clinical trials thus far are neutralizing antibodies to IL-5, with promising but mixed results. At the very least, such forms of pharmacologic hypothesis testing of the role of eosinophils in certain airway, gastrointestinal, and hematologic diseases has finally provided us with new insights into disease pathogenesis. At its optimistic best, these and other targeted agents might someday become available for those afflicted with eosinophil-associated disorders. This review summarizes what has been learned in vivo in both preclinical and clinical studies of eosinophil-directed therapies, with an emphasis on recent advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zigler M, Dobroff AS, Bar-Eli M. Cell adhesion: implication in tumor progression. Minerva Med 2010; 101:149-162. [PMID: 20562803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the adhesive properties of neoplastic cells, as well as intracellular signaling mediated by cell surface adhesion molecules, play essential roles in the development and progression of cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the biology of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) as well as their clinical significance as prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in a variety of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zigler
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Takayanagi Y, Fujita E, Yu Z, Yamagata T, Momoi MY, Momoi T, Onaka T. Impairment of social and emotional behaviors in Cadm1-knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:703-8. [PMID: 20450890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, mediates synaptic cell adhesion. Missense mutations in the CADM1 gene have been identified in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. In the present study, we examined emotional behaviors, social behaviors and motor performances in Cadm1-knockout (KO) mice. Cadm1-KO mice showed increased anxiety-related behavior in open-field and light-dark transition tests. Social behaviors of Cadm1-KO mice were impaired in social interaction, resident-intruder and social memory/recognition tests. Furthermore, motor coordination and gait of Cadm1-KO mice were impaired in rotarod and footprint tests. Our study demonstrates that CADM1 plays roles in regulating emotional behaviors, social behaviors and motor performances, and that CADM1 has important implications for psychiatric disorders with disruptions in social behavior, such as autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takayanagi
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu S, Wu LC, Pang J, Santhanam R, Schwind S, Wu YZ, Hickey C, Yu J, Becker H, Maharry K, Radmacher MD, Li C, Whitman SP, Mishra A, Stauffer N, Eiring AM, Briesewitz R, Baiocchi RA, Chan KK, Paschka P, Caligiuri MA, Byrd JC, Croce CM, Bloomfield CD, Perrotti D, Garzon R, Marcucci G. Sp1/NFkappaB/HDAC/miR-29b regulatory network in KIT-driven myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:333-47. [PMID: 20385359 PMCID: PMC2917066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The biologic and clinical significance of KIT overexpression that associates with KIT gain-of-function mutations occurring in subsets of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (i.e., core binding factor AML) is unknown. Here, we show that KIT mutations lead to MYC-dependent miR-29b repression and increased levels of the miR-29b target Sp1 in KIT-driven leukemia. Sp1 enhances its own expression by participating in a NFkappaB/HDAC complex that further represses miR-29b transcription. Upregulated Sp1 then binds NFkappaB and transactivates KIT. Therefore, activated KIT ultimately induces its own transcription. Our results provide evidence that the mechanisms of Sp1/NFkappaB/HDAC/miR-29b-dependent KIT overexpression contribute to leukemia growth and can be successfully targeted by pharmacological disruption of the Sp1/NFkappaB/HDAC complex or synthetic miR-29b treatment in KIT-driven AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Liu
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Shujun Liu and Guido Marcucci, The Ohio State University, 898 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210. Phone: 614-293-7597. FAX: 614-293-7527. or
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Jiuxia Pang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Ramasamy Santhanam
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Yue-Zhong Wu
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Christopher Hickey
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Heiko Becker
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Kati Maharry
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Michael D Radmacher
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Susan P. Whitman
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Anjali Mishra
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Nicole Stauffer
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Roger Briesewitz
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Kenneth K. Chan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Division of Pharmaceutics of College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Peter Paschka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - John C. Byrd
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Carlo M Croce
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Clara D. Bloomfield
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- Division of Pharmaceutics of College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Shujun Liu and Guido Marcucci, The Ohio State University, 898 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210. Phone: 614-293-7597. FAX: 614-293-7527. or
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Evans TA, Bashaw GJ. Functional diversity of Robo receptor immunoglobulin domains promotes distinct axon guidance decisions. Curr Biol 2010; 20:567-72. [PMID: 20206526 PMCID: PMC4078746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition molecules of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily control axon guidance in the developing nervous system. Ig-like domains are among the most widely represented protein domains in the human genome, and the number of Ig superfamily proteins is strongly correlated with cellular complexity. In Drosophila, three Roundabout (Robo) Ig superfamily receptors respond to their common Slit ligand to regulate axon guidance at the midline: Robo and Robo2 mediate midline repulsion, Robo2 and Robo3 control longitudinal pathway selection, and Robo2 can promote midline crossing. How these closely related receptors mediate distinct guidance functions is not understood. We report that the differential functions of Robo2 and Robo3 are specified by their ectodomains and do not reflect differences in cytoplasmic signaling. Functional modularity of Robo2's ectodomain facilitates multiple guidance decisions: Ig1 and Ig3 of Robo2 confer lateral positioning activity, whereas Ig2 confers promidline crossing activity. Robo2's distinct functions are not dependent on greater Slit affinity but are instead due in part to differences in multimerization and receptor-ligand stoichiometry conferred by Robo2's Ig domains. Together, our findings suggest that diverse responses to the Slit guidance cue are imparted by intrinsic structural differences encoded in the extracellular Ig domains of the Robo receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Evans
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Waldenström JG, Raiend U. Plasmapheresis and cold sensitivity of immunoglobulin molecules. I. A study of hyperviscosity, cryoglobulinemia, euglobulinemia and macroglobulinemia vera. Acta Med Scand 2009; 216:449-66. [PMID: 6441457 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb05033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a close connection between molecular changes of the Ig molecule with sinking temperature and the syndrome of hyperviscosity. The cryoglobulins are usually macroglobulins or complexes between IgM and other immunoglobulin classes. Many of these molecules can also be characterized as euglobulins. The connection between precipitation in the cold and in solutions with low electrolyte content is studied. Data on these connections are presented. The dependence of relative viscosity on the temperature has been investigated in a large number of sera from patients with different diseases. It is clear that most of these cold-sensitive globulins are macroglobulins (IgM). A number of viscosity curves at different temperatures in such sera are given. Also a few sera from patients with IgG myeloma have similar curves. The change in viscosity with lower temperatures implies that relative viscosity has to be determined at 37 degrees C in order to correspond to the condition in the living body. In practice, however, it is usually correct to state that IgM levels above 40 g/l are an indication that plasmapheresis should be considered. The best clinical sign is obtained by ophthalmoscopy. Difficulties with the counting of leukocytes and platelets in electronic counters may be caused by the presence of macroglobulins, usually but not always, cryoglobulins.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pacquelet-Cheli S, Aurrand-Lions M. [JAM-C, adhesion molecule or intercellular junctional organizer: lessons from knock-out mice]. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:677-8. [PMID: 18789204 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20082489677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
32
|
Merino S, Moreno J, Tomás G, Martínez J, Morales J, Martínez-de la Puente J, Osorno JL. Effects of parental effort on blood stress protein HSP60 and immunoglobulins in female blue tits: a brood size manipulation experiment. J Anim Ecol 2008; 75:1147-53. [PMID: 16922850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Physiological stress in animals may impose a limit for investment in current reproduction in the wild. A brood manipulation experiment was conducted in a population of blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus to study the effect of parental effort on changes in two types of proteins related with stress: the blood stress protein HSP60 and the plasma immunoglobulins. 2. Levels of HSP60 were reduced across the experiment for females attending reduced broods, and females attending enlarged broods experienced a reduction of immunoglobulin levels. Moreover, the overall changes in the levels of both proteins were positively related. 3. By controlling for the change in immunoglobulin levels we found an increase in HSP60 for females in the enlarged treatment, presumably to offset deleterious effects derived from increased effort. 4. Maternal effort was able to partially compensate for the effect of treatment as nestlings did not differ in mass and levels of immunoglobulins and HSP60 among treatments. 5. Physiological stress as reflected in stress and immunoglobulin proteins may limit maternal effort in breeding blue tits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Merino
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Murakami Y. [Involvement of a cell adhesion molecule, CADM1/TSLC1 in oncogenesis and spermatogenesis]. Seikagaku 2008; 80:81-93. [PMID: 18341027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Garver LS, Xi Z, Dimopoulos G. Immunoglobulin superfamily members play an important role in the mosquito immune system. Dev Comp Immunol 2008; 32:519-31. [PMID: 18036658 PMCID: PMC2483948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are known for their ability to specifically recognize and adhere to other molecules, mediating cell-surface reception and pathogen recognition. Mammalian IgSF proteins such as antibodies are among the best characterized molecules of the immune system; in contrast, the involvement of invertebrate IgSF members in immunity has not been broadly studied. Analysis of the predicted Anopheles gambiae transcriptome identified 138 proteins that have at least one immunoglobulin domain. Challenge with Plasmodium, Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria resulted in significant regulation of 85 IgSF genes, indicating potential roles for these molecules in infection responses and immunity. Based on sequence and expression data, six infection-responsive with immunoglobulin domain (IRID 1-6) genes were chosen and functionally characterized with regard to their role in innate immunity. Reverse-genetic gene-silencing assays showed IRID3, IRID5 and IRID6 contribute to viability upon bacterial infection while IRID4 and IRID6 are involved in limiting Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey S Garver
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lung HL, Cheung AKL, Xie D, Cheng Y, Kwong FM, Murakami Y, Guan XY, Sham JS, Chua D, Protopopov AI, Zabarovsky ER, Tsao SW, Stanbridge EJ, Lung ML. TSLC1 is a tumor suppressor gene associated with metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Res 2007; 66:9385-92. [PMID: 17018592 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In up to 87% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) clinical tumor specimens, there was either down-regulation or loss of TSLC1 gene expression. Using a tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining, the frequency of down-regulated or loss of expression of TSLC1 in metastatic lymph node NPC was 83% and the frequency of loss of expression of TSLC1 was 35%, which was significantly higher than that in primary NPC (12%). To examine the possible growth-suppressive activity of TSLC1 in NPC, three NPC cell lines, HONE1, HNE1, and CNE2, were transfected with the wild-type TSLC1 gene cloned into the pCR3.1 expression vector; a reduction of colony formation ability was observed for all three cell lines. A tetracycline-inducible expression vector, pETE-Bsd, was also used to obtain stable transfectants of TSLC1. There was a dramatic difference between colony formation ability in the presence or absence of doxycycline when the gene is shut off or expressed, respectively, with the tetracycline-inducible system. Tumorigenicity assay results show that the activation of TSLC1 suppresses tumor formation in nude mice and functional inactivation of this gene is observed in all the tumors derived from tumorigenic transfectants. Further studies indicate that expression of TSLC1 inhibits HONE1 cell growth in vitro by arresting cells in G(0)-G(1) phase in normal culture conditions, whereas in the absence of serum, TSLC1 induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that TSLC1 is a tumor suppressor gene in NPC, which is significantly associated with lymph node metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Becker RC. Emerging paradigms, platforms, and unifying themes in biomarker science. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:1777-80. [PMID: 17964042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
37
|
Reca R, Cramer D, Yan J, Laughlin MJ, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ. A novel role of complement in mobilization: immunodeficient mice are poor granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mobilizers because they lack complement-activating immunoglobulins. Stem Cells 2007; 25:3093-100. [PMID: 17717064 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complement (C) and innate immunity emerge as important and underappreciated modulators of mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC). We reported that (a) C becomes activated in bone marrow (BM) during granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced mobilization by the classic immunoglobulin (Ig)-dependent pathway and that (b) C3 cleavage fragments increase the responsiveness of HSPC to a stromal derived factor-1 gradient. Since patients suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mobilize poorly, we hypothesized that this could be directly linked to the lack of C activating Ig in these patients. In the current study to better elucidate the role of C activation in HSPC mobilization, we mobilized mice that lack Ig (RAG2, SCID, and Jh) by G-CSF or zymosan, compounds that activate C by the classic Ig-dependent and the alternative Ig-independent pathways, respectively. In addition, we evaluated mobilization in C5-deficient animals. Mobilization was evaluated by measuring the number of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage and leukocytes circulating in peripheral blood. We found that (a) G-CSF- but not zymosan-induced mobilization was severely reduced in RAG2, SCID, and Jh mice; (b) impaired G-CSF-induced mobilization was restored after infusion of purified wild-type Ig; and (c) mobilization was severely reduced in C5-deficient mice. These data provide strong evidence that the C system plays a pivotal role in mobilization of HSPC and that egress of HSPC from BM occurs as part of an immune response. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Reca
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nummer D, Suri-Payer E, Schmitz-Winnenthal H, Bonertz A, Galindo L, Antolovich D, Koch M, Büchler M, Weitz J, Schirrmacher V, Beckhove P. Role of tumor endothelium in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell infiltration of human pancreatic carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:1188-99. [PMID: 17652277 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been detected in human carcinomas and may play a role in preventing the rejection of malignant cells. METHODS We quantified Treg cells and the expression of the addressins and the respective ligands that attract them in blood and in human pancreatic tumors and adjacent nonmalignant tissues from 47 patients. The capacity of Treg cells to adhere to and transmigrate through autologous endothelial cells was tested in vitro using spheroid adhesion assays and in vivo using a xenotransplant NOD/SCID model and in the presence and absence of antibodies to addressins. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS More Treg cells infiltrated pancreatic carcinomas than adjacent nonmalignant pancreatic tissues (120 cells per mm2 versus 80 cells per mm2, difference = 40 cells per mm2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 21.2 cells per mm2 to 52.1 cells per mm2; P<.001). In contrast to conventional CD4+ T cells, more blood-derived Treg cells adhered to (1.0% versus 5.2%, difference = 4.2%, 95% CI = 2.7% to 5.6%; P<.001) and transmigrated through (3332 cells versus 4976 cells, difference = 1644 cells, 95% CI = 708 cells to 2580 cells; P = .008) autologous tumor-derived endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo (458 cells versus 605 cells, difference = 147 cells, 95% CI = 50.8 to 237.2 cells; P = .04). Tumor-derived endothelial cells expressed higher levels of addressins--including mucosal adressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), CD62-E, and CD166--than endothelial cells from normal tissue. Experiments using antibodies to addressins showed that transmigration was mediated by interactions of addressins, including MAdCAM-1, VCAM-1, CD62-E, and CD166 with their respective ligands, beta7 integrin, CD62L, and CD166, which were expressed specifically on Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-induced expression of addressins on the surface of endothelial cells allows a selective transmigration of Treg cells from peripheral blood to tumor tissues.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma/blood supply
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/physiology
- Cell Division
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured/immunology
- E-Selectin/physiology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Fetal Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Integrin beta Chains/physiology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- L-Selectin/physiology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mucoproteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spheroids, Cellular
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nummer
- T cell Tumor Immunity group, The German Cancer Research Center, INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Konopka G, Tekiela J, Iverson M, Wells C, Duncan SA. Junctional adhesion molecule-A is critical for the formation of pseudocanaliculi and modulates E-cadherin expression in hepatic cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28137-48. [PMID: 17623668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703592200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are polarized epithelial cells whose function depends upon their ability to distinguish between the apical and basolateral surfaces that are located at intercellular tight junctions. It has been proposed that the signaling cascades originating at these junctions influence cellular activity by controlling gene expression in the cell nucleus. To assess the validity of this proposal with regard to hepatocytes, we depleted expression of the tight junction protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Reduction of JAM-A resulted in a striking change in cell morphology, with cells forming sheets 1-2 cells thick instead of the normal multilayered clusters. In the absence of JAM-A, other tight junction proteins were mislocalized, and pseudocanaliculi, which form the apical face of the hepatocyte, were consequently absent. There was a strong transcriptional induction of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin in cells with reduced levels of JAM-A. This increase in E-cadherin was partially responsible for the observed alterations in cell morphology and mislocalization of tight junction proteins. We therefore propose the existence of a novel mechanism of cross-talk between specific components of tight and adherens junctions that can be utilized to regulate adhesion between hepatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Disease entities characterized by the presence of paraproteins have a variety of cutaneous manifestations. These manifestations may be classified in the following categories as a function of their mechanisms: * extracutaneous deposition of paraproteins, as in amyloidosis * intravascular paraprotein deposition, as in cryoglobulinemia * cutaneous lesions resulting from the biologic activity of paraprotein, as in patients with normolipemic xanthoma with monoclonal immunoglobulin anti-LDL activity * abnormal cytokine secretion, as in AESOP (adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma) or POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes) syndromes * unknown mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lipsker
- Clinique dermatologique et Faculté de médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Angiogenesis is now understood to play a major role in the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases and is indicated to exacerbate disease pathology. Recent evidence shows that angiogenesis is crucial during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in experimental models of colitis. Examination of the relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation in experimental colitis shows that initiating factors for these responses simultaneously increase as disease progresses and correlate in magnitude. Recent studies show that inhibition of the inflammatory response attenuates angiogenesis to a similar degree and, importantly, that inhibition of angiogenesis does the same to inflammation. Recent data provide evidence that differential regulation of the angiogenic mediators involved in IBD-associated chronic inflammation is the root of this pathological angiogenesis. Many factors are involved in this phenomenon, including growth factors/cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, integrins, matrix-associated molecules, and signaling targets. These factors are produced by various vascular, inflammatory, and immune cell types that are involved in IBD pathology. Moreover, recent studies provide evidence that antiangiogenic therapy is a novel and effective approach for IBD treatment. Here we review the role of pathological angiogenesis during IBD and experimental colitis and discuss the therapeutic avenues this recent knowledge has revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Chidlow
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakano H. [Neuronal identity and axonal projection of olfactory sensory neurons]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2007; 52:774-83. [PMID: 17552283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
|
43
|
Prechtel AT, Steinkasserer A. CD83: an update on functions and prospects of the maturation marker of dendritic cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 299:59-69. [PMID: 17334966 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD83 is one of the most characteristic cell surface markers for fully matured dendritic cells (DCs). In their function as antigen presenting cells they induce T-cell mediated immune responses. In this review we provide an overview on well described and proposed functions of this molecule as well as on very recent insights and new hypothesis. Already the CD83 messenger RNA processing differs remarkably from the processing of other cellular mRNAs: instead of the usual TAP mRNA export pathway, the CD83 mRNA is exported by the specific CRM1-mediated pathway, utilized only by a minority of cellular mRNAs. On the protein level, two different isoforms of CD83 exist: a membrane-bound and a soluble form. The isoforms are generated by different subsets of cells, including DCs, T-cells and B-cells, and also differ in their biological function. While the membrane-bound CD83 is of immune stimulatory capacity, activates T-cells and is important for the generation of thymocytes, the soluble CD83 has the opposite effect and has an immune inhibitory capacity. Due to its immune inhibitory function, CD83 has great potential for treatment of autoimmune diseases, for organ transplantations, and for immunotherapy, just to name a few examples. Moreover, some viruses prevent recognition by the host's immune system by specifically targeting CD83 surface expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Prechtel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alliegro MC, Alliegro MA. Echinonectin is a Del-1-like molecule with regulated expression in sea urchin embryos. Gene Expr Patterns 2007; 7:651-6. [PMID: 17482526 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Echinonectin (EN) is a dimeric galactosyl-binding protein found in sea urchin eggs and embryos. It had been postulated in earlier studies that EN is secreted into the hyaline layer, a stratified matrix deposited on the apical surface of cells, and serves as an attachment substrate for cells of the blastoderm. However, the dynamics of EN expression have rendered past observations difficult to interpret on this point and others. Radioiodination experiments in this study indicate that the bulk of EN is, at any one time, maintained in its vesicular compartment beneath the plasma membrane, but that a portion of the protein is secreted onto the cell surface during early development. The primary structure of EN was determined. The protein consists of a series of coagulation factor 5/8 repeats and discoidin-like lectin domains, and bears similarity to the secreted proteins DEL-1 and lactadherin from angiogenic endothelial cells. In situ hybridization analysis indicates that EN mRNA levels are regulated to coincide with periods of reduced motility in embryonic cells, supporting the postulate that the protein is involved in cell anchoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Alliegro
- Department of Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family is a key molecule in a process called transendothelial migration or diapedesis. Here, we report implications of JAM-C in cancer metastasis. We first determined the mRNA expression of JAMs in 19 kinds of cancer cell lines. JAM-C was expressed in most of tumors having potent metastatic properties. Especially in murine K-1735 melanoma cell lines, the highly metastatic sublines (M2 and X21) strongly expressed JAM-C when compared with the poorly metastatic ones (C-10 and C23). Next, we investigated the role of JAM-C in cancer metastasis by using human JAM-C (hJAM-C) gene-transfected HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In comparison with mock-transfected HT1080 cells, these cells showed a significant increase in the adhesion to various extracellular substrates and the invasion across a Matrigel-coated membrane. The knockdown of hJAM-C using small interfering RNA resulted in the suppression of both the adhesion and the invasion of HT1080 cells, suggesting that endogenous hJAM-C might be involved in tumor metastasis. Finally, we studied the role of hJAM-C in an in vivo experimental metastatic model. The results showed that the overexpression of hJAM-C in HT1080 cells significantly decreased the life spans of the tumorbearing mice. In contrast, the knockdown of hJAM-C in HT1080 cells suppressed the weight gain of the lungs with metastatic colonies. We conclude that the expression of JAM-C promotes metastasis by enhancing both the adhesion of cancer cells to extracellular matrices and the subsequent invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Fuse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Center of Excellence Program in the 21st Century, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ito A, Hagiyama M, Oonuma J, Murakami Y, Yokozaki H, Takaki M. Involvement of the SgIGSF/Necl-2 adhesion molecule in degranulation of mesenteric mast cells. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 184:209-13. [PMID: 17250899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF) expressed on nerve and mast cells, binds homophilically between both in culture. In the steady-state mesentery of mice, the proportion of morphologically degranulating mast cells was approximately 20%, and it increased nearly two-fold when the mesenteric nerve root was stimulated electrically. In contrast, there was no significant increase detectable in the mesentery of MITF-mutants, from which bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMCs) lack SgIGSF. BMMCs from SgIGSF-knockout mice transplanted to the mesentery of mast cell-deficient W/W(v) mice did not degranulate in response to the mesenteric nerve stimulation, whereas transfection with SgIGSF cDNA restored those responses. SgIGSF appeared to promote communication between nerves and mast cells in the murine mesentery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Breloer M, Kretschmer B, Lüthje K, Ehrlich S, Ritter U, Bickert T, Steeg C, Fillatreau S, Hoehlig K, Lampropoulou V, Fleischer B. CD83 is a regulator of murine B cell function in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:634-48. [PMID: 17266176 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein CD83 has been described as a specific maturation marker for dendritic cells and several lines of evidence suggest that CD83 regulates thymic T cell maturation as well as peripheral T cell activation. Here we show for the first time that CD83 is involved also in the regulation of B cell function. CD83 is up-regulated on activated B cells in vivo, specifically in the draining lymph nodes of Leishmania major-infected mice. The ubiquitous transgenic (Tg) expression of CD83 interferes with Leishmania-specific T cell-dependent and with T cell-independent antibody production. This defect is restricted to the B cell population since the antigen-specific T cell response of CD83Tg mice to L. major infection is unchanged. The defective immunoglobulin (Ig) response is due to Tg expression of CD83 on the B cells because wild-type B cells display normal antigen-specific responses in CD83Tg hosts and CD83Tg B cells do not respond to immunization in a mixed wild-type/CD83Tg bone marrow chimera. Finally, the treatment of non-Tg C57BL/6 mice with anti-CD83 mAb induces a dramatic increase in the antigen-specific IgG response to immunization, thus demonstrating a regulatory role for naturally induced CD83 on wild-type B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minka Breloer
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ito A, Nishikawa Y, Ohnuma K, Ohnuma I, Koma YI, Sato A, Enomoto K, Tsujimura T, Yokozaki H. SgIGSF is a novel biliary-epithelial cell adhesion molecule mediating duct/ductule development. Hepatology 2007; 45:684-94. [PMID: 17326163 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF) is an intercellular adhesion molecule of the nectin-like family. While screening its tissue distribution, we found that it was expressed in fetal liver but not adult liver. In the present study, we examined which cells in developing and regenerating liver express SgIGSF via immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In developing mouse liver, SgIGSF expression was transiently upregulated at perinatal ages and was restricted to the lateral membrane of biliary epithelial cells (BECs). In regenerating rat livers from the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy model, SgIGSF was detected exclusively in oval cells that aligned in ductal and trabecular patterns by the second week posthepatectomy. In human livers, fetal and newborn bile ducts and cirrhotic bile ductules were clearly positive for SgIGSF, whereas disease-free adult bile ducts were negative. To investigate the role of SgIGSF in bile duct/ductule formation, we used an in vitro model in which rat hepatocyte aggregates embedded in collagen gels containing insulin and epidermal growth factor extend epithelial sheets and processes in the first week and form ductules within a month. The process and ductular cells were continuously positive for SgIGSF and cytokeratin 19, a BEC marker. When the aggregate culture was started in the presence of a function-blocking anti-SgIGSF antibody, the number of epithelial processes per aggregate was reduced by 80%. CONCLUSION We propose that SgIGSF is a novel and functional BEC adhesion molecule that is expressed for a limited time during active bile duct/ductule formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The activation of lymphocytes and development of adaptive immune responses is initiated by the engagement of TCRs by antigenic peptide-MHC complexes and shaped at the clonal level by both positive and negative costimulatory signals. The B7 family members are involved at several stages in this process. In this issue of the JCI, Vogt et al. show that the B7 family-related protein V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) can act as an inhibitor of T cell activation (see the related article beginning on page 2817). Intriguingly, the same molecule was recently independently identified as a complement receptor of the Ig superfamily (CRIg) and was convincingly demonstrated to be a receptor for complement component 3 fragments. These findings raise interesting questions regarding the physiological roles and mechanisms of action of this molecule. Identification of dual functions of this molecule provides an additional level of complexity in T cell costimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zang
- Immunology Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vogt L, Schmitz N, Kurrer MO, Bauer M, Hinton HI, Behnke S, Gatto D, Sebbel P, Beerli RR, Sonderegger I, Kopf M, Saudan P, Bachmann MF. VSIG4, a B7 family-related protein, is a negative regulator of T cell activation. J Clin Invest 2007; 116:2817-26. [PMID: 17016562 PMCID: PMC1578631 DOI: 10.1172/jci25673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell activation by APCs is positively and negatively regulated by members of the B7 family. We have identified a previously unknown function for B7 family-related protein V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4). In vitro experiments using VSIG4-Ig fusion molecules showed that VSIG4 is a strong negative regulator of murine and human T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. Administration to mice of soluble VSIG4-Ig fusion molecules reduced the induction of T cell responses in vivo and inhibited the production of Th cell-dependent IgG responses. Unlike that of B7 family members, surface expression of VSIG4 was restricted to resting tissue macrophages and absent upon activation by LPS or in autoimmune inflammatory foci. The specific expression of VSIG4 on resting macrophages in tissue suggests that this inhibitory ligand may be important for the maintenance of T cell unresponsiveness in healthy tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Vogt
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schmitz
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O. Kurrer
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Bauer
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heather I. Hinton
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Behnke
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Gatto
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sebbel
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger R. Beerli
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Sonderegger
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Saudan
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|