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Nieschalke K, Bergau N, Jessel S, Seidel A, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Abraham K, Lampen A, Monien BH, Kleuser B, Glatt H, Schumacher F. Urinary Excretion of Mercapturic Acids of the Rodent Carcinogen Methyleugenol after a Single Meal of Basil Pesto: A Controlled Exposure Study in Humans. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1753-1767. [PMID: 37875262 PMCID: PMC10664145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME), found in numerous plants and spices, is a rodent carcinogen and is classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The hypothesis of a carcinogenic risk for humans is supported by the observation of ME-derived DNA adducts in almost all human liver and lung samples examined. Therefore, a risk assessment of ME is needed. Unfortunately, biomarkers of exposure for epidemiological studies are not yet available. We hereby present the first detection of N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugates (mercapturic acids) of ME in human urine samples after consumption of a popular ME-containing meal, pasta with basil pesto. We synthesized mercapturic acid conjugates of ME, identified the major product as N-acetyl-S-[3'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl]-l-cysteine (E-3'-MEMA), and developed methods for its extraction and LC-MS/MS quantification in human urine. For conducting an exposure study in humans, a basil cultivar with a suitable ME content was grown for the preparation of basil pesto. A defined meal containing 100 g of basil pesto, corresponding to 1.7 mg ME, was served to 12 participants, who collected the complete urine at defined time intervals for 48 h. Using d6-E-3'-MEMA as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification, we were able to detect E-3'-MEMA in urine samples of all participants collected after the ME-containing meal. Excretion was maximal between 2 and 6 h after the meal and was completed within about 12 h (concentrations below the limit of detection). Excreted amounts were only between 1 and 85 ppm of the ME intake, indicating that the ultimate genotoxicant, 1'-sulfooxy-ME, is formed to a subordinate extent or is not efficiently detoxified by glutathione conjugation and subsequent conversion to mercapturic acids. Both explanations may apply cumulatively, with the ubiquitous detection of ME DNA adducts in human lung and liver specimens arguing against an extremely low formation of 1'-sulfooxy-ME. Taken together, we hereby present the first noninvasive human biomarker reflecting an internal exposure toward reactive ME species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nieschalke
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Bergau
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sönke Jessel
- Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Department
Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz
Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- Faculty of
Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition & Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department
Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz
Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Monien
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abraham K. Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): What Is the Correlation between Dioxins and Long-Chain Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS)? Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:107701. [PMID: 37815924 PMCID: PMC10564102 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
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Mertens H, Noll B, Schwerdtle T, Abraham K, Monien BH. Less is more: a methodological assessment of extraction techniques for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) analysis in mammalian tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5925-5938. [PMID: 37606646 PMCID: PMC10556126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants. Studying the bioaccumulation in mammalian tissues requires a considerable effort for the PFAS extraction from complex biological matrices. The aim of the current work was to select and optimize the most efficient among common extraction strategies for eleven perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA). Primary extractions from wild boar tissues (liver, kidney, and lung) were performed with methanol at neutral, acidic, or alkaline conditions, or with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) after ion-pairing with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) ions. A second purification step was chosen after comparing different solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges (Oasis WAX, ENVI-Carb, HybridSPE Phospholipid) and various combinations thereof or dispersive SPE with C18 and ENVI-Carb material. The best extraction efficiencies of the liquid PFAA extraction from tissue homogenates were achieved with methanol alone (recoveries from liver 86.6-114.4%). Further purification of the methanolic extracts using dispersive SPE or Oasis WAX columns decreased recoveries of most PFAA, whereas using pairs of two SPE columns connected in series proved to be more efficient albeit laborious. Highest recoveries for ten out of eleven PFAA were achieved using ENVI-Carb columns (80.3-110.6%). In summary, the simplest extraction methods using methanol and ENVI-Carb columns were also the most efficient. The technique was validated and applied in a proof of principle analysis in human tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mertens
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Noll
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Stadion M, Hackethal C, Blume K, Wobst B, Abraham K, Fechner C, Lindtner O, Sarvan I. Corrigendum to "The first German total diet study (BfR MEAL Study) confirms highest levels of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in foods of animal origin title of article" [Food Chem.: X 16 (2022) 100459]. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100717. [PMID: 37397221 PMCID: PMC10314152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100459.].
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Abraham K, Penczynski K, Monien BH, Bergau N, Knüppel S, Weikert C. Risks of misinterpretation of biomarker measurements in spot urine adjusted for creatinine - A problem especially for studies comparing plant based with omnivorous diets. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114142. [PMID: 36842230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker measurements in spot urine are often adjusted for creatinine to control for dilution resulting from individual hydration. We here report on results of a study involving age- and sex-matched vegans and omnivores (n = 36 each). The daily urinary excretion of 2,3-dihydroxypropylmercapturic acid (DHPMA, a diet-independent endogenous C3-metabolite used as an example compound) was found not to be different in vegans and omnivores (median 433 μg/24 h each), however, creatinine-adjusted levels were 26% lower in omnivores (median 285 μg/g creatinine) than in vegans (median 383 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.003). This difference results from the higher urinary excretion of creatinine in the omnivores compared to vegans (median 1.51 vs. 1.21 g/24 h, p = 0.009). Linear regression showed - besides the fat-free mass - a significant impact of the factor diet (vegans vs. omnivores). This may be due to the consumption of meat and fish as exogenous sources of creatinine. A literature search revealed broad evidence for this interpretation, as creatinine is formed from creatine during heating of meat and fish. Accordingly, consumption leads to temporary increase of serum/plasma creatinine and urinary creatinine excretion, resulting in higher levels in omnivores compared to vegans/vegetarians. An adjustment of the urinary DHPMA concentrations using specific gravity revealed 13% lower values in omnivores (median 225 μg/L) than in vegans (median 260 μg/L, p = 0.07). Compared to creatinine-adjustment, adjustment for specific gravity introduces a smaller but still obvious difference between omnivores and vegans. Especially with respect to future studies comparing vegans, vegetarians and omnivores, researchers should be aware of the risks of severe misinterpretations if biomarker measurements in spot urine are adjusted for creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katharina Penczynski
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Bergau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Knüppel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Dierkes J, Dietrich S, Abraham K, Monien BH, McCann A, Borgå K, Weikert C. Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon as biomarkers of a vegan diet. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:433-441. [PMID: 36087137 PMCID: PMC9899720 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary biomarkers can potentially overcome the limitations of self-reported dietary data. While in ecology and archaeology, stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen are widely used as biomarkers, this is not the case in nutrition research. Since the abundance of the 13C and the 15N isotope differ in food sources from plant and animal origin, stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) may differ in human biological material. Here, we investigated the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon in serum and urine from vegans and omnivores. METHOD Measurement of δ15N and δ13C in serum and 24 h urine was performed by Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer in the cross-sectional study "Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet". The study included 36 vegans and 36 omnivores with a median age of 37.5 years (matched for age and sex), who adhered to their diet for at least 1 year. RESULTS Both δ15N and δ13C were significantly lower in both the serum and 24 h urine of vegans compared to omnivores. δ15N either in serum or urine had 100% specificity and sensitivity to discriminate between vegans and omnivores. Specificity of δ13C was also > 90%, while sensitivity was 93% in serum and 77% in urine. CONCLUSION δ15N both in serum and urine was able to accurately identify vegans and thus appears to be a promising marker for dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Dierkes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5021 Bergen, Norway ,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Abraham K. Comment on "Maternal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Male Reproductive Function in Young Adulthood: Combined Exposure to Seven PFAS". Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:18003. [PMID: 36719215 PMCID: PMC9888239 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Stadion M, Hackethal C, Blume K, Wobst B, Abraham K, Fechner C, Lindtner O, Sarvan I. The first German total diet study (BfR MEAL Study) confirms highest levels of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in foods of animal origin. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100459. [PMID: 36185103 PMCID: PMC9523095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Presentation of PCDD/F and dl-PCB data in 300 foods prepared as consumed in Germany. By wet weight, highest levels in fish products, fatty fish, sheep liver, and butter. By fat weight, highest levels in game, dairy products, and sheep meat. MEAL foods did not exceed EU maximum levels. Evaluation of the impact of regions and type of production.
The first German Total Diet Study, called the BfR MEAL Study, generated a comprehensive dataset of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in foods representative for the consumption habits in households in Germany. PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs are persistent organic pollutants. Dietary intake is considered to be the most relevant exposure pathway for humans. Levels were examined in 300 foods that were prepared as typically consumed by the population in Germany. Highest PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels were detected in animal-based foods such as fish, butter, dairy products, liver, and meat. The comparison of conventionally and organically produced foods revealed a trend to slightly higher contents in organically produced foods. Sampling discriminated by region and season showed no major differences. Analysed occurrence data will improve future dietary exposure and food safety assessments in Germany.
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Abraham K, Monien BH. Transdermal absorption of 13C 4-perfluorooctanoic acid ( 13C 4-PFOA) from a sunscreen in a male volunteer - What could be the contribution of cosmetics to the internal exposure of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)? Environ Int 2022; 169:107549. [PMID: 36191486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a complex group of man-made chemicals with high stability and mobility leading to ubiquitous environmental contamination and accumulation especially of some long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) in humans. While dietary intake is the main route of exposure, transdermal uptake from cosmetic products usually is considered negligible. However, PFAS are present in a part of these products, and recent epidemiological studies have provided evidence for relevant uptake via this route. The crucial question is whether PFAA in cosmetic products can cross the human skin barrier. A defined amount (110 µg) of 13C4-perfluorooctanoic acid (13C4-PFOA) was mixed into a sunscreen (30 g) which was applied on the whole skin of a volunteer. The plasma concentrations of 13C4-PFOA were determined in serial blood samples taken over 115 days using UHPLC-MS/MS and 13C2-PFOA as internal standard. After application, 13C4-PFOA plasma levels increased continuously, reaching levels of 3, 56 and 118 ng/L after 6 h, 3 days and 10 days, respectively. A maximum level of 132 ng/L was measured 22 days after application, representing 9.4 % of the PFOA level resulting from the volunteer's background exposure (1400 ng/L, equivalent to 1.4 ng/mL). In the following weeks, the levels slightly decreased with an estimated half-life of 1.8 years. The best estimate for the fraction absorbed may be 1.6 % of the dose, using a volume of distribution of 0.17 L/kg body weight. For PFOA mixed into a sunscreen, this experimental approach demonstrates a significant uptake of a PFAA via transdermal absorption in humans. In the past, some cosmetic products contained relevant PFAA levels as contaminants/impurities of PFAS added as active ingredients. Depending on these levels and the use (frequency, skin area involved), it is plausible that this route of exposure has contributed to the internal exposure to PFAA, as already suggested by epidemiological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Monien BH, Abraham K. Levels of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (DHPMA) in human urine do not reflect the exposure to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) or glycidol. Environ Res 2022; 211:112977. [PMID: 35248561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Menzel J, Longree A, Abraham K, Schulze MB, Weikert C. Dietary and Plasma Phospholipid Profiles in Vegans and Omnivores-Results from the RBVD Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142900. [PMID: 35889855 PMCID: PMC9320578 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the vegan diet has become increasingly popular in Germany. It has been proposed that this diet is generally lower in fat, but less is known about the impact on fatty acid (FA) profiles. Therefore, the cross-sectional “Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet” (RBVD) study (n = 72) was used to investigate dietary FA intake as well as plasma phospholipid FA in vegans (n = 36) compared to omnivores (n = 36). Vegans had a significantly lower dietary intake of total fat (median 86 g/day, IQR 64−111) in comparison to omnivores (median 104 g/day, IQR 88−143, p = 0.004). Further, vegans had a lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < 0.0001) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.001) compared to omnivores. Vegans had a higher intake in total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA compared to omnivores, but without statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. According to plasma phospholipid profiles, relatively lower proportions of SFA (p < 0.0001), total trans fatty acids (TFA) (p = 0.0004) and omega-3-FA (p < 0.0001), but higher proportions of omega-6-FA (p < 0.0001) were observed in vegans. With the exception of omega-3 PUFA, a vegan diet is associated with a more favorable dietary fat intake and more favorable plasma FA profiles and therefore may reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Menzel
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.L.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-18412-55001
| | - Alessa Longree
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.L.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.L.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam–Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.L.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
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Abraham K, Trefflich I, Gauch F, Weikert C. Nutritional Intake and Biomarker Status in Strict Raw Food Eaters. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091725. [PMID: 35565694 PMCID: PMC9105765 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a strict raw food diet (primarily based on fresh fruit and raw vegetables, waiving any consumption of heated or processed food) has the risk of undersupply of energy and certain macro- and micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we compared 16 non-smoking strict raw food eaters (5 women and 11 men, age 44.6 ± 12.3 years, duration of following the diet 11.6 ± 10.8 years) with the non-smoking participants (32 vegans, 27 omnivores) of the "Risk and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD) study. We investigated body composition, dietary intake from 3-day weighed food records, and relevant fasting blood and serum parameters. Food choice and dietary behavior were very heterogenic in raw food eaters. They had lower mean values of BMI and percentage of body fat than the respective RBVD participants. The same holds true for energy supply and intakes of protein, carbohydrate, calcium and iodine. Serum levels revealed lower levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, zinc, and vitamin D3. The raw food eaters with (n = 9) and without (n = 7) supplementation of vitamin B12 had median vitamin B12 levels of 399 and 152 ng/L, respectively. Accordingly, eight raw food eaters (50%) had homocysteine levels above 12 µmol/L. The study allows a close look at strict raw food eaters with respect to possible dietary deficiencies, but also provides insights into motivations and daily life.
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Penczynski KJ, Cramer B, Dietrich S, Humpf HU, Abraham K, Weikert C. Mycotoxins in Serum and 24-h Urine of Vegans and Omnivores from the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet (RBVD) Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100874. [PMID: 35072972 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Scope Vegans might have a higher exposure to mycotoxins due to their heightened consumption of typical mycotoxin containing food sources. Yet, data on internal exposure among vegans in comparison to omnivores are currently lacking. Methods and Results This cross-sectional study included 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (50% females, 30-60 years). A set of 28 and 27 mycotoxins was analyzed in 24-h urine and serum samples, respectively, by validated multi-mycotoxin methods (HPLC-MS/MS). Ochratoxin A (OTA), 2'R-OTA, and enniatin B in serum as well as deoxynivalenol-glucuronide in 24-h urine were quantified in 57 to 100% of the samples. Serum OTA levels were twofold higher in vegans than in omnivores (median 0.24 versus 0.12 ng/mL; P <0.0001). No further significant differences were observed. Serum OTA levels were associated with intake of "vegan products" (r = 0.50, P <0.0001) and "pasta & rice" (r = 0.33, P = 0.006). Sensitivity analyses advise cautious interpretation. Furthermore, serum levels of 2'R-OTA were related to coffee consumption (r = 0.64, P <0.0001). Conclusion Our results indicate a higher exposure of vegans to OTA, but not to other mycotoxins. However, larger studies with repeated measurements are required to better evaluate the exposure to mycotoxins from plant-based diets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J Penczynski
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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Dietrich S, Trefflich I, Ueland PM, Menzel J, Penczynski KJ, Abraham K, Weikert C. Amino acid intake and plasma concentrations and their interplay with gut microbiota in vegans and omnivores in Germany. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2103-2114. [PMID: 35034170 PMCID: PMC9106628 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It has been estimated that most vegans meet the total protein requirements, but whether this is also true for individual essential amino acids (AAs) is unclear. Furthermore, a shift in protein intake is suggested to alter microbiota composition, but this association is unknown in terms of veganism or individual AAs. This cross-sectional study compared vegans and omnivores regarding dietary intake and plasma concentration of AAs. The prevalence of insufficient intake of essential AAs among vegans was determined using estimated average requirements (EAR) of WHO. Moreover, correlations between AAs intake and gut microbiota were investigated. Methods Data of 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (30–60 years) were analysed. AA intake, AA plasma concentrations and gut microbiota were ascertained by three-day weighed food protocols, gas/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results At almost the same energy intake, the intake of 9 AAs in vegans was significantly lower than in omnivores, with median differences of − 27.0% to − 51.9%. However, only one female vegan showed total protein and lysine intake below the EAR. Vegans showed lower lysine (− 25.0%), but higher glycine (+ 25.4%) and glutamate (+ 13.1%) plasma concentrations than omnivores. Correlation patterns between AA intake and bacterial microbiota differed between vegans and omnivores. In vegans 19 species and in omnivores 5 species showed correlations with AA intake. Conclusion Vegans consumed apparently sufficient but lower AAs than omnivores. In addition, the different AAs intake seems to influence the microbiota composition. The use of short-term dietary data without considering usual intake limits these findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02790-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Menzel
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina J Penczynski
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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15
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Monien BH, Bergau N, Hogervorst JGF, Nawrot TS, Trefflich I, Weikert C, Abraham K. Detection of a Hemoglobin Adduct of the Food Contaminant Furfuryl Alcohol in Humans: Levels of N-((Furan-2-yl)methyl)-valine in Two Epidemiological Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100584. [PMID: 34652883 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Furfuryl alcohol is a heat-induced food contaminant, classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The proximal carcinogen 2-sulfoxymethylfuran leads to adduct formation in DNA and proteins (e.g., N-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-Val (FFA-Val) in hemoglobin). METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzed human erythrocyte samples from two studies for the presence of FFA-Val: the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet study (RBVD; 72 adults) and the ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGEing birth cohort study (ENVIRONAGE; 100 mother-newborn pairs). In the RBVD study, FFA-Val levels are lower in vegans compared to omnivores (median 13.0 vs 15.8 pmol g-1 hemoglobin, p = 0.008), and lower in non-smokers compared to smokers (median 14.1 vs 17.0 pmol g-1 hemoglobin, p = 0.003). In the birth cohort, FFA-Val levels are distinctly higher in maternal compared to newborn samples (median 15.2 vs 2.2 pmol g-1 hemoglobin, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FFA-Val, hitherto detected only in blood samples of mice, is quantifiable in all human samples, indicating a general exposure to furfuryl alcohol. The low adduct levels in blood samples from newborn children suggested that the placenta is a barrier to furfuryl alcohol. Dietary habits and tobacco smoking are two main influencing factors on the formation of FFA-Val, which may be of use as a biomarker of exposure to furfuryl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Nick Bergau
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Janneke G F Hogervorst
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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Abraham K, Koletzko B, Mildenberger E, Rouw E, von Gartzen A, Ensenauer R. Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen in der Muttermilch – Konsequenzen für die Stillempfehlungen? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abraham K, El-Khatib AH, Schwerdtle T, Monien BH. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA): No high-level accumulation in human lung and kidney tissue. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113830. [PMID: 34450542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) belongs to the complex group of synthetic perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which have led to ubiquitous environmental contamination. While some of the long-chain compounds accumulate in the human body, the short-chain compound PFBA was found to have a relatively short half-life in blood of a few days, in agreement with relatively low PFBA serum/plasma levels of roughly 0.01 ng/ml in European studies. Surprisingly, very high median levels of PFBA of 807 and 263 ng/g tissue for human lung and kidney autopsy samples, respectively, were reported in a paper of Pérez et al. (2013). This would question the concept of PFAS blood analysis reflecting the body burden of these compounds. To verify the results of high PFBA tissue accumulation in humans, we have analyzed PFBA in a set of 7 lung and 9 kidney samples from tumor patients with a different method of quantification, using high-resolution mass spectrometry with the accurate mass as analytical parameter. The only human sample with a quantifiable amount of PFBA (peak area more than twice above the analytical background signals) contained approximately 0.17 ng/g lung tissue. In the light of our results and considering the analytical problems with the short-chain compound PFBA exhibiting only one mass fragmentation, it appears to be likely that PFBA is not accumulating on a high level in human lung and kidney tissue. In general, the analysis of short-chain PFAS in complex matrices like food or tissue is very challenging with respect to instrumental quantification and possible sample contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ahmed H El-Khatib
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Abraham K, Koletzko B, Mildenberger E, Rouw E, von Gartzen A, Ensenauer R. Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) und Stillen: Nutzen-Risiken-Abwägungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Trefflich I, Dietrich S, Braune A, Abraham K, Weikert C. Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Fecal Markers for Microbiota Activity in Vegans and Omnivores. Nutrients 2021; 13:1808. [PMID: 34073495 PMCID: PMC8230270 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A vegan diet could impact microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites like short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores. In this cross-sectional study (vegans n = 36; omnivores n = 36), microbiota composition, fecal SCFA, BCFA, and ammonia concentrations and pH were analyzed in complete stool samples. A random forest regression (RFR) was used to identify bacteria predicting SCFA/BCFA concentrations in vegans and omnivores. No significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations were observed between vegans and omnivores. Fecal pH (p = 0.005) and ammonia concentration (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in vegans than in omnivores, while fiber intake was higher (p < 0.0001). Shannon diversity was higher in omnivores compared to vegans on species level (p = 0.04) only. In vegans, a cluster of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Dialister spp., and Eubacterium spp. was predictive for SCFA and BCFA concentrations. In omnivores, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Prevotella copri were predictive. Though SCFA and BCFA did not differ between vegans and omnivores, the results of the RFR suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.D.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.D.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Annett Braune
- Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.D.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.D.); (K.A.); (C.W.)
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20
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Weikert C, Trefflich I, Menzel J, Obeid R, Longree A, Dierkes J, Meyer K, Herter-Aeberli I, Mai K, Stangl GI, Müller SM, Schwerdtle T, Lampen A, Abraham K. Vitamin and Mineral Status in a Vegan Diet. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2021; 117:575-582. [PMID: 33161940 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, public interest in a vegan diet is steadily growing. There are, however, no current data on the macro- and micronutrient status of vegans. METHODS In a cross-sectional study entitled "The Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD), we investigated the dietary intake, basic laboratory parameters, vitamin status, and trace-element status of 36 vegans and 36 persons on an omnivorous diet. Each group consisted of 18 men and 18 women aged 30-60. RESULTS Nearly all the vegans and one-third of the persons on a mixed diet had consumed supplements in the previous 4 weeks. Vegans and nonvegans had similar energy intake but differed in the intake of both macronutrients (e.g., dietary fiber) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins B12, B2, D, E, and K, as well as folate, iodine, and iron). There were no intergroup differences in the biomarkers of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or iron status. The ferritin values and blood counts indicated iron deficiency in four vegans and three non-vegans. Measurements in 24-hour urine samples revealed lower calcium excretion and markedly lower iodine excretion in vegans compared to non-vegans; in one-third of the vegans, iodine excretion was lower than the WHO threshold value (<20 μg/L) for severe iodine deficiency. CONCLUSION Vitamin B12 status was similarly good in vegans and non-vegans, even though the vegans consumed very little dietary B12. This may be due to the high rate of supplementation. The findings imply a need to also assure adequate iodine intake in the population, especially among persons on a vegan diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; BEVITAL AS, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin site, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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21
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Abruzzo T, Abraham K, Karani KB, Geller JI, Vadivelu S, Racadio JM, Zhang B, Correa ZM. Correlation of Technical and Adjunctive Factors with Quantitative Tumor Reduction in Children Undergoing Selective Ophthalmic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:354-361. [PMID: 33361377 PMCID: PMC7872184 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy has improved ocular outcomes in children with retinoblastoma. Our aim was to correlate quantitative tumor reduction and dichotomous therapeutic response with technical and adjunctive factors during selective ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. An understanding of such factors may improve therapeutic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with retinoblastoma treated by selective ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy at a single center during a 9-year period were reviewed. Only first-cycle treatments for previously untreated eyes were studied. Adjunctive factors (intra-arterial verapamil, intranasal oxymetazoline external carotid balloon occlusion) and technical factors (chemotherapy infusion time, fluoroscopy time) were documented by medical record review. Quantitative tumor reduction was determined by blinded comparison of retinal imaging acquired during examination under anesthesia before and 3-4 weeks after treatment. The dichotomous therapeutic response was classified according to quantitative tumor reduction as satisfactory (≥ 50%) or poor (<50%). RESULTS Twenty-one eyes met the inclusion criteria. Patients ranged from 2 to 59 months of age. Adjuncts included intra-arterial verapamil in 15, intranasal oxymetazoline in 14, and external carotid balloon occlusion in 14. Quantitative tumor reduction ranged from 15% to 95%. Six showed poor dichotomous therapeutic response. A satisfactory dichotomous therapeutic response was correlated with intra-arterial verapamil (P = .03) in the aggregate cohort and in a subgroup undergoing treatment with single-agent melphalan at a dose of <5 mg (P = .02). In the latter, higher average quantitative tumor reduction correlated with intra-arterial verapamil (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Intra-arterial verapamil during selective ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy is correlated with an improved therapeutic response, particularly when treating with lower doses of single-agent melphalan.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abruzzo
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.A., J.M.R.)
- Departments of Neurosurgery (T.A.)
- Radiology (KA., K.B.K., T.A.)
- Department of Neurosciences (T.A.), Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- Departments of Radiology and Child Health (T.A.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | - J I Geller
- Oncology (J.I.G.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - J M Racadio
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.A., J.M.R.)
| | - B Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (B.Z.)
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (B.Z.)
| | - Z M Correa
- Ophthalmology (Z.M.C.)
- Ophthalmology (Z.M.C.), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Ophthalmology (Z.M.C.), Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Menzel J, Jabakhanji A, Biemann R, Mai K, Abraham K, Weikert C. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations of vegan and vegetarian diets with inflammatory biomarkers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21736. [PMID: 33303765 PMCID: PMC7730154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets like vegetarian or vegan diets might influence circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations of veganism and vegetarianism with circulating inflammatory biomarkers in comparison to omnivores. Literature search was conducted in Pubmed and EMBASE until April 2020 and mean differences of biomarkers were assessed for: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, omentin-1 and resistin. Of initially identified 1073 publications, 21 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Vegan diet was associated with lower levels of CRP compared to omnivores [mean difference − 0.54 mg/l, 95%-CI: − 0.79 to − 0.28, p < 0.0001]. This association was less pronounced in vegetarians [mean difference − 0.25 mg/l, 95%-CI: − 0.49 to 0.00, p = 0.05]. In patients with impaired kidney function, the association between vegetarian nutrition and CRP was much stronger with − 3.91 mg/l (95%-CI: − 5.23 to − 2.60; p < 0.0001). No substantial effects were observed for all other inflammatory biomarkers. Despite strong associations between CRP and a vegan or vegetarian diet were seen, further research is needed, as most inflammatory biomarkers were investigated only in single studies so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Menzel
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Afraa Jabakhanji
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Bergau N, Zhao Z, Abraham K, Monien BH. Metabolites of 2- and 3-Monochloropropanediol (2- and 3-MCPD) in Humans: Urinary Excretion of 2-Chlorohydracrylic Acid and 3-Chlorolactic Acid after Controlled Exposure to a Single High Dose of Fatty Acid Esters of 2- and 3-MCPD. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000736. [PMID: 33112049 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fatty acid esters of 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) are formed during the deodorization of vegetable oils. After lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the intestine, 2- and 3-MCPD are absorbed, but their ensuing human metabolism is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The compounds 2-chlorohydracrylic acid (2-ClHA) and 3-chlorolactic acid (3-ClLA) resulting from oxidative metabolism of 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD, respectively, are identified and quantified in human urine samples. An exposure study with 12 adults is conducted to determine the urinary excretion of 2-ClHA and 3-ClLA. The participants eat 12 g of hazelnut oil containing 24.2 mg kg-1 2-MCPD and 54.5 mg kg-1 3-MCPD in the form of fatty acid esters. Average daily amounts of "background" excretion before the exposure are 69 nmol 2-ClHA and 3.0 nmol 3-ClLA. The additional mean excretion due to the uptake of the hazelnut oil amounts to 893 nmol 2-ClHA (34.0% of the 2-MCPD dose) and 16.4 nmol 3-ClLA (0.28% of the 3-MPCD dose). CONCLUSIONS The products of oxidative metabolism of 2- and 3-MCPD, 2-ClHA, and 3-ClLA, are described for the first time in humans. Due to the lack of specificity, the metabolites may not be used as exposure biomarkers to low doses of bound 2- and 3-MCPD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Bergau
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, P. R. China
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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Abraham K, Hielscher J, Kuhlmann J, Monien BH. Urinary Excretion of 2/3-Monochloropropanediol (2/3-MCPD) and 2,3-Dihydroxypropylmercapturic Acid (DHPMA) after a Single High dose of Fatty Acid Esters of 2/3-MCPD and Glycidol: A Controlled Exposure Study in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000735. [PMID: 33079463 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (2/3-MCPD) and glycidol are absorbed in the intestine after lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of their fatty acid esters. METHODS AND RESULTS In an exposure study with 12 non-smoking participants, the complete urinary excretion of the metabolite 2,3-dihydroxypropylmercapturic acid (DHPMA) and of 2/3-MCPD is measured on four consecutive days before and after consumption of 50 g glycidyl ester-rich palm fat or 12 g 2/3-MCPD ester-rich hazelnut oil. After controlled exposure, urinary excretion rates of 2/3-MCPD per hour strongly increase, followed by a decrease with average half-lives of 5.8 h (2-MCPD) and 3.6 h (3-MCPD). After consumption of hazelnut oil, mean excretion rates are 14.3% (2-MCPD) and 3.7% (3-MCPD) of the study doses. The latter rate is significantly higher (4.6%) after consumption of palm fat, indicating partial conversion (about 5%) of glycidol to 3-MCPD under the acidic conditions in the stomach. The average daily "background" exposure is estimated to be 0.12 and 0.32 µg per kg body weight (BW) for 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD, respectively. The relatively high and constant urinary excretion of DHPMA does not reflect the controlled exposure. CONCLUSION Urinary excretion of 2- and 3-MCPD is suitable as biomarker for the external exposure to the respective fatty acid esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Jan Hielscher
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Jan Kuhlmann
- SGS Germany GmbH, Weidenbaumsweg 137, Hamburg, 21035, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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Monien BH, Abraham K, Nawrot TS, Hogervorst JGF. Levels of the hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-valine in cord and maternal blood: Prenatal transfer of glycidol in the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:82-87. [PMID: 32569803 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycidol, a probable human carcinogen, is a reactive chemical released in the gastrointestinal tract from glycidyl fatty acid esters, which are heat-induced dietary contaminants. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prenatal transfer of glycidol, a specific hemoglobin adduct was measured as a biomarker for internal glycidol exposure in paired cord and maternal blood samples. METHODS In 100 mother-newborn pairs from the Belgian ENVIRONAGE (ENVIRonmental influence ON AGEing in early life) birth cohort, we studied the correlation between levels of the glycidol-derived hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-valine (2,3-diHOPr-Val) in paired cord and maternal blood samples. The adduct levels were determined after cleavage with a modified Edman degradation by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and an isotope-labeled reference standard. RESULTS 2,3-DiHOPr-Val was detectable in all 100 maternal blood samples and in 96 cord blood samples (LOD =0.5 pmol 2,3-diHOPr-Val/g hemoglobin), with medians of 5.4 (range: 2.3-29.2) and 1.6 (range: LOD - 8.9) pmol/g hemoglobin), respectively. In blood samples of mothers who smoked during pregnancy and in the cord blood samples of their newborns (n = 6), the median 2,3-diHOPr-Val levels were 16.7 (range: 6.4-29.2) and 6.2 (range: LOD - 8.6) pmol/g hemoglobin, respectively. The median ratio of 2,3-diHOPr-Val levels of cord to maternal blood was 0.35 (range: 0.19-1.14) (n = 49). The Spearman correlation coefficient between 2,3-diHOPr-Val levels in cord and maternal blood samples was 0.63 (p < 0.001) among all mother-newborn pairs and 0.59 (p < 0.001) among mother-newborn pairs of non-smoking mothers. DISCUSSION Maternal data confirm widespread exposure to glycidol, also in non-smokers. Neonatal levels indicate prenatal exposure to glycidol, due to an obviously relatively unhindered passive transfer through the placental barrier. Possible health effects of fetal (and postnatal) glycidol exposure in children may be addressed in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Abraham K, Mielke H, Fromme H, Völkel W, Menzel J, Peiser M, Zepp F, Willich SN, Weikert C. Internal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and biological markers in 101 healthy 1-year-old children: associations between levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and vaccine response. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2131-2147. [PMID: 32227269 PMCID: PMC7303054 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a complex group of man-made chemicals with high stability and mobility leading to ubiquitous environmental contamination and accumulation in the food chain. In human serum/plasma samples, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are the lead compounds. They are immunotoxic in experimental animals, and epidemiological studies provided evidence of a diminished production of vaccine antibodies in young children. However, information on children of the first year of age is missing but relevant, as they have a relatively high exposure if breastfed, and may have a higher susceptibility as their immune system is developing. In a cross-sectional study with 101 healthy 1-year-old children, internal levels of persistent organic pollutants and a broad panel of biological parameters were investigated at the end of the 1990s. Additional analysis of PFASs resulted in plasma levels (mean ± SD) of PFOA and PFOS of 3.8 ± 1.1 and 6.8 ± 3.4 µg/L, respectively, in the 21 formula-fed children, and of 16.8 ± 6.6 and 15.2 ± 6.9 µg/L in the 80 children exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months. The study revealed significant associations between levels of PFOA, but not of PFOS, and adjusted levels of vaccine antibodies against Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib, r = 0.32), tetanus (r = 0.25) and diphtheria (r = 0.23), with no observed adverse effect concentrations (NOAECs) determined by fitting a 'knee' function of 12.2, 16.9 and 16.2 µg/L, respectively. The effect size (means for PFOA quintiles Q1 vs. Q5) was quantified to be - 86, - 54 and - 53%, respectively. Furthermore, levels of PFOA were inversely associated with the interferon gamma (IFNɣ) production of ex-vivo lymphocytes after stimulation with tetanus and diphtheria toxoid, with an effect size of - 64 and - 59% (means Q1 vs. Q5), respectively. The study revealed no influence of PFOA and PFOS on infections during the first year of life and on levels of cholesterol. Our results confirmed the negative associations of PFAS levels and parameters of immune response observed in other epidemiological studies, with high consistency as well as comparable NOAECs and effects sizes for the three vaccine antibodies investigated, but for PFOA only. Due to reduction of background levels of PFASs during the last 20 years, children in Germany nowadays breastfed for a long duration are for the most part not expected to reach PFOA levels at the end of the breastfeeding period above the NOAECs determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans Mielke
- Department Exposure, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Fromme
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Völkel
- Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Menzel
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Peiser
- Department Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Zepp
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan N Willich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Menzel J, Biemann R, Longree A, Isermann B, Mai K, Schulze MB, Abraham K, Weikert C. Associations of a vegan diet with inflammatory biomarkers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1933. [PMID: 32029816 PMCID: PMC7005174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetarian or vegan nutrition might influence inflammatory processes, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases. As the vegan diet becomes more importance in modern societies, data from the “Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet”-study has been used to investigate the associations of veganism with a comprehensive spectrum of inflammatory biomarkers, compared to omnivores. This cross-sectional study comprises 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (18 men and 18 women each) aged 30–60 years. No significant differences in any of the investigated inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), adiponectin, omentin-1 and resistin) were observed between vegans and omnivores. However, the duration of a vegan diet was positively correlated with resistin (Spearman r = 0.59), IL-18 concentrations (Spearman r = 0.44) and IL-1 RA (Spearman r = 0.34). Moreover, the present study supports BMI and waist circumference as important factors influencing the inflammatory state. Further research is needed to evaluate associations between a vegan diet and inflammatory biomarkers to provide more evidence about the inflammatory state as underlying mechanisms of a vegan diet to influence the risk of numerous chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Menzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alessa Longree
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Ruenz M, Goerke K, Bakuradze T, Abraham K, Lampen A, Eisenbrand G, Richling E. Sustained Human Background Exposure to Acrolein Evidenced by Monitoring Urinary Exposure Biomarkers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900849. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Ruenz
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katharina Goerke
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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29
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Trefflich I, Jabakhanji A, Menzel J, Blaut M, Michalsen A, Lampen A, Abraham K, Weikert C. Is a vegan or a vegetarian diet associated with the microbiota composition in the gut? Results of a new cross-sectional study and systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2990-3004. [PMID: 31631671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is assumed that diet influences the composition of gut microbiota, which in turn may affect human health status. This systematic review aimed to summarize associations of a vegan or vegetarian diet with the composition of microbiota. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase for eligible human studies with vegan or vegetarian diets as an exposure and microbiota composition as an outcome in healthy adults. Furthermore, data from our cross-sectional study with vegan participants were included. Out of sixteen included studies, six investigated the association between gut microbiota composition in both vegans and in vegetarians, six in vegans and four studies in vegetarians compared to omnivores, respectively. Among 5 different phyla, 28 families, 96 genera and 177 species, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Prevotella were the most reported genera, followed by the species Prevotella copri, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli in all diets. No consistent association between a vegan diet or vegetarian diet and microbiota composition compared to omnivores could be identified. Moreover, some studies revealed contradictory results. This result could be due to high microbial individuality, and/or differences in the applied approaches. Standardized methods with high taxonomical and functional resolutions are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Trefflich
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Afraa Jabakhanji
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Menzel
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Dressler A, Benninger F, Trimmel‐Schwahofer P, Gröppel G, Porsche B, Abraham K, Mühlebner A, Samueli S, Male C, Feucht M. In response: The equivalence of the ketogenic diet and adrenocorticotropic hormone for treatment of infantile spasms: More suggestion than conclusion. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2146-2147. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dressler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Franz Benninger
- Department of Child Psychiatry Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gudrun Gröppel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Porsche
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sharon Samueli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Male
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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31
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Monien BH, Sachse B, Niederwieser B, Abraham K. Detection of N-Acetyl-S-[3′-(4-methoxyphenyl)allyl]-l-Cys (AMPAC) in Human Urine Samples after Controlled Exposure to Fennel Tea: A New Metabolite of Estragole and trans-Anethole. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2260-2267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H. Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sachse
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bela Niederwieser
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Padberg S, Bührer C, Menzel J, Weikert C, Schaefer C, Abraham K. [Xenobiotics and pathogens in breast milk : A risk for the child?]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 61:960-970. [PMID: 29934679 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although breast milk is the best diet in the first few months of life, risks can arise for the breast-fed infant. The article gives a comprehensive overview of possible risks regarding xenobiotics and pathogens in mother's milk, including medications, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, persistent environmental contaminants and residues as well as infections.Where drug therapy is indicated, suitable medications are available for most conditions nowadays, so that prolonged nursing breaks or even weaning is not required. Long-term treatment, especially under combination therapy, needs to be examined on a case-by-case basis, however. Smoking and alcohol consumption should be avoided during the breastfeeding period, while moderate coffee consumption (up to 2 cups daily) is not of concern. The current levels of environmental contaminants and residues in breast milk are considered to be harmless to health; indeed, the body burden of dioxins considered to be critically high more than 20 years ago has been reduced by a factor of 10 to date. Among maternal infections, an human deficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the few medical indications for weaning in countries with adequate hygiene standards.All in all, the risks of xenobiotics and pathogens in mother's milk are generally low in exclusively breastfed infants, so that there is usually no need for prolonged nursing breaks or even weaning. In only a small number of maternal conditions (certain medications, HIV infection), the infant should not be breastfed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Padberg
- Pharmakovigilanzzentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Klinik für Neonatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Christof Schaefer
- Pharmakovigilanzzentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, Deutschland.
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33
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Feucht M, Dressler A, Benninger F, Trimmel‐Schwahofer P, Gröppel G, Porsche B, Abraham K, Mühlebner A, Samueli S, Male C. Response to “Is
ACTH
therapy loaded with severe side‐effects? Do not use synthetic
ACTH
with the same dosages as ‘natural’
ACTH
”. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1483-1484. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Anastasia Dressler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Franz Benninger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gudrun Gröppel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Porsche
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sharon Samueli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Male
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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Castaño-Martinez T, Schumacher F, Schumacher S, Kochlik B, Weber D, Grune T, Biemann R, McCann A, Abraham K, Weikert C, Kleuser B, Schürmann A, Laeger T. Methionine restriction prevents onset of type 2 diabetes in NZO mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:7092-7102. [PMID: 30841758 PMCID: PMC6529347 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is well known to reduce body weight by increasing energy expenditure (EE) and insulin sensitivity. An elevated concentration of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been implicated as a potential underlying mechanism. The aims of our study were to test whether dietary MR in the context of a high-fat regimen protects against type 2 diabetes in mice and to investigate whether vegan and vegetarian diets, which have naturally low methionine levels, modulate circulating FGF21 in humans. New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model for polygenic obesity and type 2 diabetes, were placed on isocaloric high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%; carbohydrate, 52 kcal%; fat, 32 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (Con; 0.86% methionine) or low levels (0.17%) for 9 wk. Markers of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were analyzed. Among humans, low methionine intake and circulating FGF21 levels were investigated by comparing a vegan and a vegetarian diet to an omnivore diet and evaluating the effect of a short-term vegetarian diet on FGF21 induction. In comparison with the Con group, MR led to elevated plasma FGF21 levels and prevented the onset of hyperglycemia in NZO mice. MR-fed mice exhibited increased insulin sensitivity, higher plasma adiponectin levels, increased EE, and up-regulated expression of thermogenic genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Food intake and fat mass did not change. Plasma FGF21 levels were markedly higher in vegan humans compared with omnivores, and circulating FGF21 levels increased significantly in omnivores after 4 d on a vegetarian diet. These data suggest that MR induces FGF21 and protects NZO mice from high-fat diet–induced glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The normoglycemic phenotype in vegans and vegetarians may be caused by induced FGF21. MR akin to vegan and vegetarian diets in humans may offer metabolic benefits via increased circulating levels of FGF21 and merits further investigation.—Castaño-Martinez, T., Schumacher, F., Schumacher, S., Kochlik, B., Weber, D., Grune, T., Biemann, R., McCann, A., Abraham, K., Weikert, C., Kleuser, B., Schürmann, A., Laeger, T. Methionine restriction prevents onset of type 2 diabetes in NZO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Castaño-Martinez
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Silke Schumacher
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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35
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Theurich MA, Davanzo R, Busck-Rasmussen M, Díaz-Gómez NM, Brennan C, Kylberg E, Bærug A, McHugh L, Weikert C, Abraham K, Koletzko B. Breastfeeding Rates and Programs in Europe: A Survey of 11 National Breastfeeding Committees and Representatives. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:400-407. [PMID: 30562307 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the world's regions, the WHO European Region has the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding at the age of 6 months with approximately 25%. Low rates and early cessation of breastfeeding have important adverse health consequences for women, infants, and young children. Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding are a public health priority. OBJECTIVES National breastfeeding data and monitoring systems among selected European countries and the WHO European Region are compared. Mechanisms for the support, protection, and promotion of breastfeeding are reviewed and successes and challenges in implementation of national programs are presented. METHODS National representatives of national breastfeeding committees and initiatives in 11 European countries, including Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, participated in a standardized survey. Results are evaluated and compared in a narrative review. RESULTS Variation exists in Europe on breastfeeding rates; methodology for data collection; and mechanisms for support, protection, and promotion of breastfeeding. Directly after birth, between 56% and 98% of infants in all countries were reported to receive any human milk, and at 6 months 38% to 71% and 13% to 39% of infants to be breastfed or exclusively breastfed, respectively. National plans addressing breastfeeding promotion, protection, and support exist in 6 of the 11 countries. CONCLUSIONS National governments should commit to evidence-based breastfeeding monitoring and promotion activities, including financial and political support, to improve breastfeeding rates in the Europe. Renewed efforts for collaboration between countries in Europe, including a sustainable platform for information exchange, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Theurich
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Divsion of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Davanzo
- Department of Mother and Child Health, ASM-Matera and Task Force on Breastfeeding, MOH, Rome, Italy
| | | | - N Marta Díaz-Gómez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB) and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Elisabeth Kylberg
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Anne Bærug
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Breastfeeding, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Divsion of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Theurich MA, Davanzo R, Busck-Rasmussen M, Díaz-Gómez NM, Brennan C, Kylberg E, Bærug A, McHugh L, Weikert C, Abraham K, Koletzko B. Breastfeeding Rates and Programs in Europe: A Survey of 11 National Breastfeeding Committees and Representatives. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019. [PMID: 30562307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the world's regions, the WHO European Region has the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding at the age of 6 months with approximately 25%. Low rates and early cessation of breastfeeding have important adverse health consequences for women, infants, and young children. Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding are a public health priority. OBJECTIVES National breastfeeding data and monitoring systems among selected European countries and the WHO European Region are compared. Mechanisms for the support, protection, and promotion of breastfeeding are reviewed and successes and challenges in implementation of national programs are presented. METHODS National representatives of national breastfeeding committees and initiatives in 11 European countries, including Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, participated in a standardized survey. Results are evaluated and compared in a narrative review. RESULTS Variation exists in Europe on breastfeeding rates; methodology for data collection; and mechanisms for support, protection, and promotion of breastfeeding. Directly after birth, between 56% and 98% of infants in all countries were reported to receive any human milk, and at 6 months 38% to 71% and 13% to 39% of infants to be breastfed or exclusively breastfed, respectively. National plans addressing breastfeeding promotion, protection, and support exist in 6 of the 11 countries. CONCLUSIONS National governments should commit to evidence-based breastfeeding monitoring and promotion activities, including financial and political support, to improve breastfeeding rates in the Europe. Renewed efforts for collaboration between countries in Europe, including a sustainable platform for information exchange, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Theurich
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Divsion of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Davanzo
- Department of Mother and Child Health, ASM-Matera and Task Force on Breastfeeding, MOH, Rome, Italy
| | | | - N Marta Díaz-Gómez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB) and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Elisabeth Kylberg
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Anne Bærug
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Breastfeeding, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Divsion of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Dressler A, Benninger F, Trimmel-Schwahofer P, Gröppel G, Porsche B, Abraham K, Mühlebner A, Samueli S, Male C, Feucht M. Efficacy and tolerability of the ketogenic diet versus high-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone for infantile spasms: A single-center parallel-cohort randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia 2019; 60:441-451. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dressler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Franz Benninger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gudrun Gröppel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Porsche
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Sharon Samueli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Male
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Goerke K, Ruenz M, Lampen A, Abraham K, Bakuradze T, Eisenbrand G, Richling E. Biomonitoring of nutritional acrylamide intake by consumers without dietary preferences as compared to vegans. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:987-996. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abraham K, Hielscher J, Kaufholz T, Mielke H, Lampen A, Monien B. The hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-valine as biomarker of dietary exposure to glycidyl esters: a controlled exposure study in humans. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:331-340. [PMID: 30535712 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of glycidol (glycidyl esters) are heat-induced food contaminants predominantly formed during industrial deodorization of vegetable oils and fats. After consumption, the esters are digested in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a systemic exposure to the reactive epoxide glycidol. The compound is carcinogenic, genotoxic and teratogenic in rodents, and rated as probably carcinogenic to humans (IARC group 2A). Assessment of exposure from occurrence and consumption data is difficult, as lots of different foods containing refined oils and fats may contribute to human exposure. Therefore, assessment of the internal exposure using the hemoglobin adduct of glycidol, N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-valine (2,3-diHOPr-Val), may be promising, but a proof-of-principle study is needed to interpret adduct levels with respect to the underlying external exposure. A controlled exposure study was conducted with 11 healthy participants consuming a daily portion of about 36 g commercially available palm fat with a relatively high content of ester-bound glycidol (8.7 mg glycidol/kg) over 4 weeks (total amount 1 kg fat, individual doses between 2.7 and 5.2 µg/kg body weight per day). Frequent blood sampling was performed to monitor the 2,3-diHOPr-Val adduct levels during formation and the following removal over 15 weeks, using a modified Edman degradation and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results demonstrated for the first time that the relatively high exposure during the intervention period was reflected in corresponding distinct increases of 2,3-diHOPr-Val levels in all participants, following the expected slope for hemoglobin adduct formation and removal over time. The mean adduct level increased from 4.0 to 12.2 pmol 2,3-diHOPr-Val/g hemoglobin. By using a nonlinear mixed model, values for the adduct level/dose ratio (k, mean 0.082 pmol 2,3-diHOPr-Val/g hemoglobin per µg glycidol/kg body weight) and the adduct lifetime (τ, mean 104 days, likely the lifetime of the erythrocytes) were determined. Interindividual variability was generally low. 2,3-DiHOPr-Val was therefore proven to be a biomarker of the external dietary exposure to fatty acid esters of glycidol. From the background adduct levels observed in our study, a mean external glycidol exposure of 0.94 µg/kg body weight was estimated. This value is considerably higher than current estimates for adults using occurrence and consumption data of food. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed (other oral or inhalational glycidol sources, endogenous formation, exposure to other chemicals also forming the adduct 2,3-diHOPr-Val). Further research is necessary to clarify the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Hielscher
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kaufholz
- Department of Exposure, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Mielke
- Department of Exposure, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Monien BH, Sachse B, Meinl W, Abraham K, Lampen A, Glatt H. Hemoglobin adducts of furfuryl alcohol in genetically modified mouse models: Role of endogenous sulfotransferases 1a1 and 1d1 and transgenic human sulfotransferases 1A1/1A2. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Theurich MA, Weikert C, Abraham K, Koletzko B. Stillquoten und Stillförderung in ausgewählten Ländern Europas. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2018; 61:926-936. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Flothkötter M, Lücke S, Abraham K, Menzel J, Weikert C. Wie stillfreundlich ist Deutschland? Nationale Bestandsaufnahme zur Stillförderung. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Flothkötter
- Bundeszentrum für Ernährung, Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Lücke
- Bundeszentrum für Ernährung, Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Abraham
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Nationale Stillkommission, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Menzel
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Nationale Stillkommission, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Weikert
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Nationale Stillkommission, Berlin, Germany
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Velasquez SE, Abraham K, Burnett TG, Chapin B, Hendry WJ, Leung S, Madden ME, Rider V, Stanford JA, Ward RE, Chapes SK. The K-INBRE symposium: a 10-institution collaboration to improve undergraduate education. Adv Physiol Educ 2018; 42:104-110. [PMID: 29357270 PMCID: PMC5906789 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00093.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kansas-IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (K-INBRE) is an infrastructure-building program funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Undergraduate education, through undergraduate research, is a key component of the program. The K-INBRE network includes 10 higher education institutions in Kansas and northern Oklahoma, with over 1,000 student participants in 16 yr. Since 2003, the K-INBRE has held an annual state-wide research symposium that includes national and regional speakers and provides a forum for undergraduates to give platform and poster presentations. The symposium is well attended by K-INBRE participants and has grown to a size of over 300 participants per year from all 10 K-INBRE schools. Two surveys were distributed to students and mentors to assess the impact of the symposium on student learning. Surveys (153) were distributed to students who participated in K-INBRE from 2013 through 2015 with a 51% response rate. Mentors were surveyed with a response of 111 surveys out of 161. Survey results indicate that students and mentors alike find the symposium to be beneficial and enriching of the student experience. Almost 80% of student respondents indicated that their participation in the symposium fostered appreciation of research. In short, the K-INBRE symposium provides a unique opportunity for students to gain experience in collecting, preparing, and communicating research in a professional environment. The collaborative experience of the annual K-INBRE symposium, the impact it has on student learning, and how it has influenced the research culture at our 10 institutions will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Velasquez
- Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - K Abraham
- Department of Biology, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma
| | - Tim G Burnett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University , Emporia, Kansas
| | - Bridgett Chapin
- Environmental Science Department, Haskell Indian Nations University , Lawrence, Kansas
| | - William J Hendry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University , Wichita, Kansas
| | - Sam Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Washburn University , Topeka, Kansas
| | - Michael E Madden
- Department of Allied Health, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas
| | - Virginia Rider
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University , Pittsburg, Kansas
| | - John A Stanford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Robert E Ward
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Stephen K Chapes
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Dressler A, Haiden N, Trimmel-Schwahofer P, Benninger F, Samueli S, Gröppel G, Spatzierer S, Mühlebner A, Abraham K, Feucht M. Ketogenic parenteral nutrition in 17 pediatric patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2017; 3:30-39. [PMID: 29588985 PMCID: PMC5839306 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ketogenic parenteral nutrition (kPN) is indicated when enteral intake is temporarily limited or impossible, but evidence-based prescriptions are lacking. Objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of kPN in children with epileptic encephalopathies using a new computer-based algorithm for accurate component calculating. Methods Children with epilepsy receiving kPN were included. A computer-based algorithm was established on the basis of guidelines of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN): fat intake not exceeding 4 g/kg/day, age-adequate supply of protein, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements, but reduced carbohydrates. Primary outcome was successfully reaching relevant ketosis, defined as beta-hydroxybutyrate plasma level of ≥ 2 mmol/L. Efficacy was defined as seizure reduction ≥50% in de novo kPN and maintenance of response in children already on a ketogenic diet (KD). Safety was assessed by adverse effects, laboratory findings, and the appropriateness of nutritional intake. Results Seventeen children (median 1.84 years) were studied, of which 76% (13/17) were already on an oral ketogenic diet. Indications for kPN were surgery, status epilepticus, vomiting, food refusal, and introduction of enteral feeding in neonates. The parenteral fat/nonfat ratio was mean 0.9 (±0.3; range 0.6-1.5). Relevant ketosis was reached in 10 children (median 2.9 mmol/L), but not in 7 (median = 1.4 mmol/L). In de novo kPN, significant response was observed in 50% (2/4); in patients previously responding to the KD (77%, 10/13), response was maintained. A significant correlation between the degree of ketosis and seizure reduction (correlation coefficient = 0.691; p = .002) was observed. Only mild and transient adverse events occurred during kPN. Significance KPN with fat intake of 3.5-4.0 g/kg/day was safe and effective. KPN was tailored according to guidelines and individual nutritional needs. In nearly half of the patients, ketosis was lower than during oral KD. Despite this, seizures remained controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dressler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Nadja Haiden
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Franz Benninger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sharon Samueli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Gudrun Gröppel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sina Spatzierer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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Hielscher J, Monien BH, Abraham K, Jessel S, Seidel A, Lampen A. An isotope-dilution UPLC–MS/MS technique for the human biomonitoring of the internal exposure to glycidol via a valine adduct at the N-terminus of hemoglobin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1059:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sachse B, Hielscher J, Lampen A, Abraham K, Monien BH. A hemoglobin adduct as a biomarker for the internal exposure to the rodent carcinogen furfuryl alcohol. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3843-3855. [PMID: 28597227 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Furfuryl alcohol is a common food contaminant, which is formed by acid- and heat-catalyzed degradation of fructose and glucose. Its carcinogenic effect in rodents originates most likely from sulfotransferase (SULT)-catalyzed conversion into the mutagenic sulfate ester 2-sulfoxymethylfuran. In this study, a protein adduct biomarker was sought for the medium-term internal exposure to furfuryl alcohol. A UPLC-MS/MS screening showed that the adduct N-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-Val (FFA-Val) at the N-terminus of hemoglobin is a valid target analyte. The Val cleavage by fluorescein isothiocyanate-mediated Edman degradation yielded 3-fluorescein-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (FFA-Val-FTH), which was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. An isotope-dilution method for the quantification of FFA-Val-FTH by UPLC-MS/MS was developed. It was used to study the adduct formation in furfuryl alcohol-treated FVB/N mice and the influence of ethanol and the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole on the adduct levels. The administration of 400 mg/kg body weight furfuryl alcohol alone led to 12.5 and 36.7 pmol FFA-Val/g Hb in blood samples of male and female animals, respectively. The co-administration of 1.6 g ethanol/kg body weight increased FFA-Val levels by 1.4-fold in males and by 1.5-fold in females. The co-administration of 100 mg 4-methylpyrazole/kg body weight had a similar effect on the adduct levels. A high correlation was observed between adduct levels in hemoglobin and in hepatic DNA samples determined in the same animal experiment. This indicated that FFA-Val is a valid biomarker for the internal exposure to 2-sulfoxymethylfuran, which may be suitable to monitor furfuryl alcohol exposure also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sachse
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jan Hielscher
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Abraham K, Monien B, Lampen A. [Biomarkers of internal exposure to toxicologically relevant contaminants in food]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 60:761-767. [PMID: 28516258 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-017-2558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of health risks resulting from the intake of genotoxic carcinogens in food depends essentially on a valid exposure assessment. The reliability of the external exposure estimation is restricted by various factors, e. g. inaccurate data from dietary protocols and variations of food contaminant contents. As an alternative, the individual internal exposure to genotoxic substances may be described by specific biomarkers in different matrices. For example, mercapturic acids formed after glutathione conjugation of electrophilic metabolites can be detected in the urine. This typically reflects the exposure to the parent compound over a period of one to two days. The determination of adducts in the blood proteins serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) allows for conclusions to be drawn about the external exposure within the last three weeks (SA) or within the last four months (Hb). Protein adducts are used routinely in occupational medicine as biomarkers of internal exposure to substances in the ambient air of the workplace. The availability of increasingly sensitive analytical techniques also makes it possible to detect numerous adducts in proteins from human blood samples that are formed after the continuous intake of very small doses of toxic substances from foods. Here, we present the current state of science exemplified by protein adducts of the food contaminants acrylamide, aflatoxin B1 and glycidol. The biomarker can be used in the future to investigate previously unknown relationships between internal exposure and disease incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
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Aartsen MG, Abraham K, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Archinger M, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Braun J, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Burgman A, Carver T, Casier M, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Cowen DF, Cross R, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, Del Pino Rosendo E, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Fösig CC, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Gladstone L, Glagla M, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hansen E, Hansmann B, Hansmann T, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Holzapfel K, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Jurkovic M, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kemp J, Kheirandish A, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Kohnen G, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Konietz R, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Krüger C, Kunnen J, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lennarz D, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leuner J, Lu L, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Mancina S, Mandelartz M, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Meli A, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Penek Ö, Pepper JA, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Quinnan M, Raab C, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Reimann R, Relethford B, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Sabbatini L, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schimp M, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schumacher L, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stahlberg M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tatar J, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Turcati A, Unger E, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Rossem M, van Santen J, Veenkamp J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Weaver C, Weiss MJ, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wickmann S, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zoll M. Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:241101. [PMID: 28009216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 10^{9} GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high- energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5×10^{5} GeV to above 10^{11} GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6±0.3)×10^{6} GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7±2.0)×10^{5} GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6σ. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at >99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and γ-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K Abraham
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Archinger
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, south Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Berghaus
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - A Bernhard
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Bos
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Carver
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Coenders
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Del Pino Rosendo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - V di Lorenzo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - J P Dumm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C-C Fösig
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIsconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Glagla
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Hansmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Hansmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Holzapfel
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Jurkovic
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Konietz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Krüger
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Lennarz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Leuner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Mandelartz
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Meli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ö Penek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Relich
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Sabbatini
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stahlberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J Tatar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Toscano
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M van Rossem
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Veenkamp
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - S Wickmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Brettschneider AK, Weikert C, Abraham K, Prütz F, von der Lippe E, Lange C. Breastfeeding monitoring in Germany - What contribution can the data from KiGGS provide? J Health Monit 2016; 1:15-23. [PMID: 36654826 PMCID: PMC9838579 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2016-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A continuous breastfeeding monitoring is essential as it enables reports on changes in breastfeeding behaviour. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), which is conducted by the Robert Koch Institute, periodically collects data about the health of children and young people living in Germany, including data on breastfeeding. Moreover, KiGGS is mentioned within the approach developed by the National Breastfeeding Committee as a possible source of data for breastfeeding monitoring. The data from KiGGS can be used to develop retrospective indicators on breastfeeding for particular birth cohorts. The data demonstrate that the prevalence of children who were ever breastfed tended to rise between the 2001/2002 and 2007/2008 cohorts; however, no significant changes were identified for the 2001-2008 cohorts with respect to breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding monitoring relies on reports about current trends in the field; due to the periodicity with which the KiGGS study waves are conducted, data on current birth cohorts cannot be provided. Therefore, data on breastfeeding needs to be collected throughout Germany in relation to direct environmental and other factors. This data should be collected during health screenings and regular check-ups so that it can be used as a further measure in breastfeeding monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Food bafety Department, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Food bafety Department, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Prütz
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena von der Lippe
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lange
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
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