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Zhang C, Sun N, Fei Q, Peng L, Wei C, Liu X, Miao S, Chai M, Wang F, Wang D, Hong J, Huang S, Zhang S, Qiu H. MEN1 deficiency stabilizes PD-L1 and promotes tumor immune evasion of lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38685894 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 gene (MEN1), which is known to be a tumor suppressor gene in lung tissues, encodes a 610 amino acid protein menin. Previous research has proven that MEN1 deficiency promotes the malignant progression of lung cancer. However, the biological role of this gene in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is upregulated in lung-specific KrasG12D mutation-induced lung adenocarcinoma in mice, after Men1 deficiency. Simultaneously, CD8+ and CD3+ T cells are depleted, and their cytotoxic effects are suppressed. In vitro, PD-L1 is inhibited by the overexpression of menin. Mechanistically, we found that MEN1 inactivation promotes the deubiquitinating activity of COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) and subsequently increases the level of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingze Fei
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Peng
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengyu Wei
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sainan Miao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengqi Chai
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingfang Hong
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Clinical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Qiu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Pelosi G, Melocchi V, Dama E, Hofman P, De Luca M, Albini A, Gemelli M, Ricotta R, Papotti M, La Rosa S, Uccella S, Harari S, Sonzogni A, Asiedu MK, Wigle DA, Bianchi F. An in-silico analysis reveals further evidence of an aggressive subset of lung carcinoids sharing molecular features of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 135:104882. [PMID: 38237798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Little is known as to whether there may be any pathogenetic link between pulmonary carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). A gene signature we previously found to cluster pulmonary carcinoids, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and which encompassed MEN1, MYC, MYCL1, RICTOR, RB1, SDHA, SRC and TP53 mutations or copy number variations (CNVs), was used to reclassify an independent cohort of 54 neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) [31 typical carcinoids (TC), 11 atypical carcinoids (AC) and 12 SCLC], by means of transcriptome and mutation data. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified two histology-independent clusters, namely CL1 and CL2, where 17/42 (40.5%) carcinoids and all the SCLC samples fell into the latter. CL2 carcinoids affected survival adversely, were enriched in T to G transversions or T > C/C > T transitions in the context of specific mutational signatures, presented with at least 1.5-fold change (FC) increase of gene mutations including TSC2, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, ERBB4 and PTPRZ1, differed for gene expression and showed epigenetic changes in charge of MYC and MTORC1 pathways, cellular senescence, inflammation, high-plasticity cell state and immune system exhaustion. Similar results were also found in two other independent validation sets comprising 101 lung NENs (24 carcinoids, 21 SCLC and 56 LCNEC) and 30 carcinoids, respectively. We herein confirmed an unexpected sharing of molecular traits along the spectrum of lung NENs, with a subset of genomically distinct aggressive carcinoids sharing molecular features of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Elisa Dama
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Biobank BB-0033-00025 and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Marco De Luca
- Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gemelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ricotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Uccella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Harari
- Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pneumology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Sonzogni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael K Asiedu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dennis A Wigle
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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3
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Gong X, Du J, Peng RW, Chen C, Yang Z. CRISPRing KRAS: A Winding Road with a Bright Future in Basic and Translational Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:460. [PMID: 38275900 PMCID: PMC10814442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Once considered "undruggable" due to the strong affinity of RAS proteins for GTP and the structural lack of a hydrophobic "pocket" for drug binding, the development of proprietary therapies for KRAS-mutant tumors has long been a challenging area of research. CRISPR technology, the most successful gene-editing tool to date, is increasingly being utilized in cancer research. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the application of the CRISPR system in basic and translational research in KRAS-mutant cancer, summarizing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of KRAS biology and the underlying principles of drug resistance, anti-tumor immunity, epigenetic regulatory networks, and synthetic lethality co-opted by mutant KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianting Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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4
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Li X, Chen Z, Ye W, Yu J, Zhang X, Li Y, Niu Y, Ran S, Wang S, Luo Z, Zhao J, Hao Y, Zong J, Xia C, Xia J, Wu J. High-throughput CRISPR technology: a novel horizon for solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295523. [PMID: 38239344 PMCID: PMC10794540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, the shortage of available grafts and long-term graft dysfunction remain the primary barriers to organ transplantation. Exploring approaches to solve these issues is urgent, and CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptome editing provides one potential solution. Furthermore, combining CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing with an ex vivo organ perfusion system would enable pre-implantation transcriptome editing of grafts. How to determine effective intervention targets becomes a new problem. Fortunately, the advent of high-throughput CRISPR screening has dramatically accelerated the effective targets. This review summarizes the current advancements, utilization, and workflow of CRISPR screening in various immune and non-immune cells. It also discusses the ongoing applications of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in transplantation and the prospective applications of CRISPR screening in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiulu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglin Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengkun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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5
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Shen W, Hu F, Lei P, Tang Y. Applications of CRISPR screening to lung cancer treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1295555. [PMID: 38169973 PMCID: PMC10760454 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1295555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is an extremely aggressive and highly prevalent disease worldwide, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Deciphering intrinsic genetic mechanism, finding new targets, and overcoming drug resistance are the key to lung cancer treatment. High-throughput CRISPR screening has been extensively used to obtain the genes related to cancers including lung cancer. This review describes CRISPR/Cas9 or CRISPR/dCas9-based technologies for high-throughput screening. We summarize the applications of CRISPR screening technology in exploring the mechanism of lung cancer development in vivo or in vitro, overcoming drug resistance, improving the effect of immunotherapy, and discovering new therapeutic targets. This review highlights the potential of CRISPR screening in combination with tumor barcoding and high-throughput sequencing (Tuba-seq) to precisely quantify the impact of alterations in many tumor suppressor genes on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangli Hu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Lei
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Wang Y, Khalil A, Kamar A, Du M, Dinh T, McFarland C, Wang Z. Unveiling immune checkpoint regulation: exploring the power of in vivo CRISPR screenings in cancer immunotherapy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1304425. [PMID: 38162677 PMCID: PMC10755878 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1304425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy by reinvigorating antitumor immune responses, but their efficacy remains limited in most patients. To address this challenge and optimize Immune check inhibitor treatment, understanding the underlying molecular intricacies involved is crucial. The emergence of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has empowered researchers to precisely investigate gene function and has introduced transformative shifts in identifying key genes for various physiological and pathological processes. CRISPR screenings, particularly in vivo CRISPR screenings, have become invaluable tools in deciphering molecular networks and signaling pathways governing suppressive immune checkpoint molecules. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of in vivo CRISPR screenings in cancer immunotherapy, exploring how this cutting-edge technology has unraveled potential novel therapeutic targets and combination strategies. We delve into the latest findings and advancements, shedding light on immune checkpoint regulation and offering exciting prospects for the development of innovative and effective treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Case Comprehesive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Athar Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Case Comprehesive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amina Kamar
- Centre for Digital Transformation, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mengyan Du
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Case Comprehesive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Trang Dinh
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Case Comprehesive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher McFarland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Case Comprehesive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Case Comprehesive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Jin J, Li J, Peng C, Chen J, Xu G, Pan S. Case report: durable complete response to pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in a metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma patient with high tumor mutational burden and an immune-active tumor microenvironment. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:797-802. [PMID: 36729952 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as an emerging first-line treatment option for advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma whose tumors express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in PD-L1-negative urothelial carcinoma patients remains unclear, and biomarkers beyond PD-L1 expression to predict response to immunotherapy need investigation. Here, we report a metastatic renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma patient with PD-L1 negative expression that responded dramatically to first-line pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib. By the recent follow-up in March 2022, the patient had a complete radiological response for 3.4 years, with no recurrence even during the 23-month drug-withdrawal period. The results of the next-generation sequencing using the tumor sample revealed a high tumor mutational burden (TMB), which may be independently driven by the pathogenic mutation in TP53 , TERT , NCOR1 , and TSC2 genes. Besides, the tumor microenvironment exhibited an immune-active signature with relatively abundant CD8+ cells and M1 tumor-associated macrophages but scarce regulatory T cells may also explain the great benefit of the combination therapy. Our case provides a direction for identifying biomarkers beyond PD-L1 expression to screen urothelial carcinoma patients who benefit from ICI as well as ICI-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Bovari-Biri J, Abdelwahab EMM, Garai K, Pongracz JE. Prdx5 in the Regulation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Mutation-Induced Signaling Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:1713. [PMID: 37443747 PMCID: PMC10340296 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mutations directly affect mTORC activity and, as a result, protein synthesis. In several cancer types, TSC mutation is part of the driver mutation panel. TSC mutations have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tolerance to reactive oxygen species due to increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzyme activity, tolerance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin is frequently used in clinical applications to inhibit protein synthesis in cancers. Recently, TrxR inhibitor auranofin has also been involved in clinical trials to investigate the anticancer efficacy of the combination treatment with rapamycin. We aimed to investigate the molecular background of the efficacy of such drug combinations in treating neoplasia modulated by TSC mutations. (2) Methods: TSC2 mutant and TSC2 wild-type (WT) cell lines were exposed to rapamycin and auranofin in either mono- or combination treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential, TrxR enzyme activity, stress protein array, mRNA and protein levels were investigated via cell proliferation assay, electron microscopy, etc. (3) Results: Auranofin and rapamycin normalized mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced proliferation capacity of TSC2 mutant cells. Database analysis identified peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) as the joint target of auranofin and rapamycin. The auranofin and the combination of the two drugs reduced Prdx5 levels. The combination treatment increased the expression of heat shock protein 70, a cellular ER stress marker. (4) Conclusions: After extensive analyses, Prdx5 was identified as a shared target of the two drugs. The decreased Prdx5 protein level and the inhibition of both TrxR and mTOR by rapamycin and auranofin in the combination treatment made ER stress-induced cell death possible in TSC2 mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2. Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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9
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Abstract
TSC2 is a tumor suppressor gene as well as a disease-causing gene for autosomal dominant disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Research has found that some tumor tissues have lower TSC2 expression levels than normal tissues. Furthermore, low expression of TSC2 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. TSC2 acts as a convergence point of a complex network of signaling pathways and receives signals from the PI3K, AMPK, MAPK, and WNT pathways. It also regulates cellular metabolism and autophagy through inhibition of a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex, which are processes relevant to the progression, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. In-depth study of TSC2 functions provides significant guidance for clinical applications in breast cancer, including improving the treatment efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, and predicting prognosis. In this review, protein structure and biological functions of TSC2 were described and recent advances in TSC2 research in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Min He
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Lin C, Traets JJH, Vredevoogd DW, Visser NL, Peeper DS. TSC2 regulates tumor susceptibility to TRAIL-mediated T-cell killing by orchestrating mTOR signaling. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111614. [PMID: 36715448 PMCID: PMC9975943 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer immunotherapy continues to impair common clinical benefit. Here, we use whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 knockout data to uncover an important role for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) in determining tumor susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing in human melanoma cells. TSC2-depleted tumor cells had disrupted mTOR regulation following CTL attack, which was associated with enhanced cell death. Wild-type tumor cells adapted to CTL attack by shifting their mTOR signaling balance toward increased mTORC2 activity, circumventing apoptosis, and necroptosis. TSC2 ablation strongly augmented tumor cell sensitivity to CTL attack in vitro and in vivo, suggesting one of its functions is to critically protect tumor cells. Mechanistically, TSC2 inactivation caused elevation of TRAIL receptor expression, cooperating with mTORC1-S6 signaling to induce tumor cell death. Clinically, we found a negative correlation between TSC2 expression and TRAIL signaling in TCGA patient cohorts. Moreover, a lower TSC2 immune response signature was observed in melanomas from patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade. Our study uncovers a pivotal role for TSC2 in the cancer immune response by governing crosstalk between TSC2-mTOR and TRAIL signaling, aiding future therapeutic exploration of this pathway in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Pu Lin
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joleen J H Traets
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Tumor Biology and ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David W Vredevoogd
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nils L Visser
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and ImmunologyOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Xu H, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Shi M, Zhang Z, Ding W, Zhao Y. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Deficiency in Macrophages Promotes Unclassical Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1875-1890. [PMID: 36465179 PMCID: PMC9662278 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is mainly caused by genetic mutations of tuberous TSC1or TSC2. Recent studies found that TSC1 deficiency promoted classical M1 macrophage polarization. However, whether TSC1 regulates other inflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharidem (LPS)-stimulated macrophages is unknown. Herein, we studied the cytokine expression profile of wild-type (WT) and TSC1-deleted macrophages after LPS stimulation in vitro and the pathogenesis of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice with myeloid-specific TSC1 deletion (TSC1cKO mice). We found that TSC1-deficient macrophages exhibited the enhanced secretion of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. This is in contrast to LPS-stimulated WT macrophages, which usually do not. Importantly, TSC1cKO mice exhibited exacerbated DSS-induced acute colitis with severer symptoms. MTOR deletion or rapamycin treatment significantly reversed the enhanced expressions of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IFN-γ in LPS-stimulated TSC1-deficient macrophages in vitro and rescued the enhanced DSS-induced colitis in TSC1cKO mice, indicating that TSC1 deficiency increased these cytokine productions in an mTOR-dependent manner. RNA-sequencing and molecular studies indicated that TSC1 deficiency enhanced the aerobic glycolysis process and the activities of mTOR-STAT3-RORγT pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis, STAT3, or RORγT reversed IL-17 and IFN-γ expression in LPS-treated TSC1-deficient macrophages. Thus, TSC1 is essential for macrophages to shut down IL-17A, IL-17F, and IFN-γ expression during LPS stimulation by suppressing the aerobic glycolysis process and mTOR-STAT3, RORγT, and T-bet pathways. The present study uncovered the key role of TSC1 in shutting down IL-17A, IL-17F, and IFN-γ expressions in LPS-treated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Cunji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Cunji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingpu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Cunji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Cunji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Cunji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chaudhary M, Sharma P, Mukherjee TK. Applications of CRISPR/Cas technology against drug-resistant lung cancers: an update. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11491-11502. [PMID: 36097111 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Out of all the cancer types, the most prevalent one is lung cancer. Multiple genes and signaling pathways play role in the progression of lung cancer. Considering the wider prevalence and fatality of lung cancer it has become the focus of current cancer research. Though currently used approaches have shown positive results against lung cancer but success against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still looms as an enigma for the entire research fraternity. The development of resistance against inhibitors within a short span is one of the reasons responsible for the failure and relapse of lung cancer. Under these prevailing conditions genome/gene-editing technology using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins (Cas), popularly known as CRISPR/Cas technology offers a convenient and flexible method for inducing precise changes within the lung cancer cell. Additionally, CRISPR-barcoding and CRISPR knockout screens at the genome-wide level can help in the functional investigation of specific mutations and identification of novel cancer drivers respectively. Several variants of the CRISPR/Cas system are being developed to limit off-targeting with enhanced precision. The present review article updates the usefulness of CRISPR/Cas technology against various types of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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Siskova A, Kral J, Drabova J, Cervena K, Tomasova K, Jungwirth J, Hucl T, Kohout P, Summerova S, Vodickova L, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Discovery of Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Amplification in Precancerous Colorectal Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7656. [PMID: 35887000 PMCID: PMC9318831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A colorectal adenoma, an aberrantly growing tissue, arises from the intestinal epithelium and is considered as precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in adenomas, hypothesizing that chromosomal instability (CIN) occurs early in adenomas. We applied array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to fresh frozen colorectal adenomas and their adjacent mucosa from 16 patients who underwent colonoscopy examination. In our study, histologically similar colorectal adenomas showed wide variability in chromosomal instability. Based on the obtained results, we further stratified patients into four distinct groups. The first group showed the gain of MALAT1 and TALAM1, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The second group involved patients with numerous microdeletions. The third group consisted of patients with a disrupted karyotype. The fourth group of patients did not show any CIN in adenomas. Overall, we identified frequent losses in genes, such as TSC2, COL1A1, NOTCH1, MIR4673, and GNAS, and gene gain containing MALAT1 and TALAM1. Since long non-coding RNA MALAT1 is associated with cancer cell metastasis and migration, its gene amplification represents an important event for adenoma development.
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