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Sun X, Xie Z, Lei X, Huang S, Tang G, Wang Z. Research and development of N, N'-diarylureas as anti-tumor agents. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1209-1226. [PMID: 37484562 PMCID: PMC10357950 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor neovascularization provides abundant nutrients for the occurrence and development of tumors, and is also an important factor in tumor invasion and metastasis, which has attracted extensive attention in anti-tumor therapy. Sorafenib is a clinically approved multi-targeted anti-tumor drug that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and inhibits the formation of tumor angiogenesis, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing tumor growth. Since the approval of sorafenib, N,N'-diarylureas have received extensive attention as the key pharmacophore in its chemical structure. And a series of N,N'-diarylureas were designed and synthesized to screen a new generation of anti-tumor drug candidates through chemical modification and structural optimization. Moreover, the rational design of targeted drugs is beneficial to reduce toxic side effects and drug resistance and improve the curative effect. Here, this article reviews the research progress in the design, classification, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity of N,N'-diarylureas, in order to provide some prospective routes for the development of clinically effective anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd Changsha Hunan 410007 China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Hengyang 421001 Hunan China
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Ertaş M, Biltekin SN, Berk B, Yurttaş L, Demirayak Ş. Synthesis of some 5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazine derivatives and investigation of their cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2062756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ertaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Nur Biltekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barkın Berk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şeref Demirayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sahin Z, Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Biltekin SN, Yurttaş L, Berk B, Demirayak Ş. Novel benzofurane-pyrazole derivatives with anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxicity evaluation. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:279-285. [PMID: 34902233 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzofurane-pyrazolone hybrids have been synthesized for evaluating their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. 4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one were reacted with α-hydroxy aldehyde or α-hydroxy ketone derivatives to obtain nine novel pyrazolone derivatives. Structures were successfully elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. Enzyme inhibitory activity was measured on cyclooxygenases (COXs) as considered to address anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 2 showed the highest activity on both COX-1 and COX-2 subtypes with 12.0 μM and 8.0 μM IC50, respectively. This activity was found close to indomethacin COX-2 inhibition measured as 7.4 μM IC50. Rest of the compounds (1, 3-9) showed 10.4-28.1 μM IC50 on COX-2 and 17.0-35.6 μM IC50 on COX-1 (Compound 1 has no activity on COX-1). Tested compounds (1-9) showed activity on NO production. Only compound was the 4, which showed a low inhibition on IL-6 levels. Cell viability was up to 60% at 100 μM for all compounds (1-9) on RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines, thus compounds were reported to be noncytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özhan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Nur Biltekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Barkin Berk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şeref Demirayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Khasimbi S, Ali F, Manda K, Sharma A, Chauhan G, Wakode S. Dihydropyrimidinones Scaffold as a Promising Nucleus for Synthetic Profile and Various Therapeutic Targets: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:270-293. [PMID: 33290199 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201207215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review elaborates the updated synthetic and pharmacological approaches of a known group of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones from the multi-component reaction like Biginelli reaction, which was named Pietro Biginelli in 1891. This review consists of the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate leading to dihydropyrimidinone/thione. Currently, the scientific movement to develop economically viable green methods using compounds that are reusable, non-volatile, easily obtained, etc. Objective: This review covers the recent synthesis and pharmacological advancement of dihydropyrimidinones/ thiones moiety, along with covering the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds, which may prove to become better, more efficacious and safer agents. Thus, this review may help the researchers in drug designing and development of new Dihydropyrimidinones entities. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the wide application of dihydropyrimidinone/thione review reports the design, synthesis and pharmacological activities of nitrogen-sulphur containing dihydropyrimidinone moiety by using multi-component reaction. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) pharmacophore is an important heterocyclic ring in medicinal chemistry. It is derived from multi-component reactions, "Biginelli reaction" and plays a critical role as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and anti-tubercular agents. Exhaustive research has led to its vast biological profile, with a wide range of therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kiran Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Andhra University South Campus, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSRU, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
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Minhas R, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: A comprehensive update. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:823-855. [PMID: 31502681 DOI: 10.1002/med.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli, generates nitric oxide (NO) that provides cytoprotection. Overexpression of iNOS increases the levels of NO, and this increased NO level is implicated in pathophysiology of complex multifactorial diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selective inhibition of iNOS is an effective approach in treatment of such complex diseases. l-Arginine, being a substrate for iNOS, is the natural lead to develop iNOS inhibitors. More than 200 research reports on development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by different research groups across the globe have appeared in literature so far. The first review on iNOS, in 2002, discussed the iNOS inhibitors under two classes that is, amino acid and non-amino acid derivatives. Other review articles discussing specific chemical classes of iNOS inhibitors also appeared during last decade. In the present review, all reports on both natural and synthetic iNOS inhibitors, published 2002 onwards, are studied, classified, and discussed to provide comprehensive information on iNOS inhibitors. The synthetic inhibitors are broadly classified into two categories that is, arginine and non-arginine analogs. The latter are further classified into amidines, five- or six-membered heterocyclics, fused cyclics, steroidal type, and chalcones analogs. Structures of the most/significantly potent compounds from each report are provided to know the functional groups important for incurring iNOS inhibitory activity and selectivity. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive view to the medicinal chemists for rational designing of novel and potent iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Shi JB, Chen LZ, Wang BS, Huang X, Jiao MM, Liu MM, Tang WJ, Liu XH. Novel Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine as Potent and Orally Active Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Dimerization Inhibitor with Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4013-4031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Bao Shi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ming Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
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