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Chattaraj R, Kim CY, Lee D, Hammer DA. Recombinant Protein Micelles to Block Transduction by SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus. ACS Nano 2022; 16:17466-17477. [PMID: 36191145 PMCID: PMC9578646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires the development of modular molecular therapies. Here, we engineered a recombinant amphiphilic protein, oleosin, to spontaneously self-assemble into multivalent micellar nanostructures which can block the Spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses (PVs). Short recombinant proteins like oleosin can be formulated more easily than antibodies and can be functionalized with precision through genetic engineering. We cloned S1-binding mini-protein genes called LCBx, previously designed by David Baker's laboratory (UW Seattle), to the N-terminus of oleosin, expressing Oleo-LCBx proteins in E. coli. These proteins largely formed 10-100 nm micelles as verified by dynamic light scattering. Two proteins, Oleo-LCB1 and Oleo-LCB3, were seen to completely and irreversibly block transduction by both wild-type and delta variant PVs into 293T-hsACE2 cells at 10 μM. Presented in multivalent micelles, these proteins reduced transduction by PVs down to a functional protein concentration of 5 nM. Additionally, Oleo-LCB1 micelles outperformed corresponding synthetic LCB1 mini-proteins in reducing transduction by PVs. Tunable aqueous solubility of recombinant oleosin allowed incorporation of peptides/mini-proteins at high concentrations within micelles, thus enhancing drug loading. To validate the potential multifunctionality of the micelles, we showed that certain combinations of Oleo-LCB1 and Oleo-LCB3 performed much better than the individual proteins at the same concentration. These micelles, which we showed to be non-toxic to human cells, are thus a promising step toward the design of modular, multifunctional therapeutics that could bind to and inactivate multiple receptors and proteins necessary for the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christina Y. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Wu Y, Chau H, Yeung Y, Thor W, Kai H, Chan W, Wong K. Versatile Synthesis of Multivalent Porphyrin–Peptide Conjugates by Direct Porphyrin Construction on Resin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207532. [PMID: 35730925 PMCID: PMC9543522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional porphyrin–peptide conjugates with different propensities for self‐assembly into various supramolecular nanoarchitectures play important roles in advanced materials and biomedical research. However, preparing prefunctionalized core porphyrins by traditional low‐yielding statistical synthesis and purifying them after peptide ligation through many rounds of HPLC purification is tedious and unsustainable. Herein, we report a novel integrated solid‐phase synthetic protocol for the construction of porphyrin moieties from simple aldehydes and dipyrromethanes on resin‐bound peptides directly to form mono‐, cis/trans‐di‐, and trivalent porphyrin–peptide conjugates in a highly efficient and controllable manner; moreover, only single final‐stage HPLC purification of the products is needed. This efficient strategy enables the rapid, greener, and substrate‐controlled diversity‐oriented synthesis of multivalent porphyrin–(long) peptide conjugate libraries for multifarious biological and materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ho‐Fai Chau
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yik‐Hoi Yeung
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Waygen Thor
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hei‐Yui Kai
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai‐Lun Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
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Wu Y, Chau HF, Yeung YH, Thor W, Kai HY, Chan WL, Wong KL. Versatile Synthesis of Multivalent Porphyrin–Peptide Conjugates by Direct Porphyrin Construction on Resin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Ho-Fai Chau
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Yik-Hoi Yeung
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Waygen Thor
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Hei-Yui Kai
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology 11 Yuk Choi Rd 000000 Hung Hom HONG KONG
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry Kowloon Tong Nil Hong Kong HONG KONG
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Debordeaux F, Chansel-Debordeaux L, Pinaquy JB, Fernandez P, Schulz J. What about αvβ3 integrins in molecular imaging in oncology? Nucl Med Biol 2018; 62-63:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ventura D, Calderan A, Honisch C, Krol S, Serratì S, Bonchio M, Carraro M, Ruzza P. Synthesis and biological activity of anAnderson polyoxometalate bis‐functionalized with aBombesin‐analog peptide. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ventura
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Padua, and Institute on Membrane Technology of CNRPadua Italy
| | - Andrea Calderan
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua UnitPadua Italy
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua UnitPadua Italy
| | - Silke Krol
- Laboratory of translational NanotechnologyIRCCS Oncologic Institute “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale O. Flacco 65Bari70124 Italy
- NanoMed lab, Fondazione IRCCS Institute of Neurology “Carlo Besta”, via Amadeo 42Milan20133 Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of translational NanotechnologyIRCCS Oncologic Institute “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale O. Flacco 65Bari70124 Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Padua, and Institute on Membrane Technology of CNRPadua Italy
| | - Mauro Carraro
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Padua, and Institute on Membrane Technology of CNRPadua Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua UnitPadua Italy
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Tornesello AL, Buonaguro L, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM. New Insights in the Design of Bioactive Peptides and Chelating Agents for Imaging and Therapy in Oncology. Molecules 2017; 22:E1282. [PMID: 28767081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synthetic peptides have been developed for diagnosis and therapy of human cancers based on their ability to target specific receptors on cancer cell surface or to penetrate the cell membrane. Chemical modifications of amino acid chains have significantly improved the biological activity, the stability and efficacy of peptide analogues currently employed as anticancer drugs or as molecular imaging tracers. The stability of somatostatin, integrins and bombesin analogues in the human body have been significantly increased by cyclization and/or insertion of non-natural amino acids in the peptide sequences. Moreover, the overall pharmacokinetic properties of such analogues and others (including cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neurotensin analogues) have been improved by PEGylation and glycosylation. Furthermore, conjugation of those peptide analogues to new linkers and bifunctional chelators (such as AAZTA, TETA, TRAP, NOPO etc.), produced radiolabeled moieties with increased half life and higher binding affinity to the cognate receptors. This review describes the most important and recent chemical modifications introduced in the amino acid sequences as well as linkers and new bifunctional chelators which have significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of peptides used in oncologic diagnosis and therapy.
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Shukla SP, Manarang JC, Udugamasooriya DG. A unique mid-sequence linker used to multimerize the lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) binding peptide-peptoid hybrid PPS1. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:1-10. [PMID: 28551176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ligand multimerizations enhance the binding affinity towards cell surface biomarkers through their avidity effects. Typical linkers connect individual monomeric ligand moieties from one end (e.g., C- or N-terminus of a peptide) and exclusively target protein receptors. The lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is normally present on the cytoplasmic side of the eukaryotic cell membrane, but in tumors and tumor endothelial cells, this negatively charged PS flips to the outer layer. We recently reported a PS binding peptide-peptoid hybrid (PPS1) that has distinct positively charged and hydrophobic residue-containing regions. The PPS1 monomer is inactive, and upon C-terminal dimerization (PPS1D1), it triggers cytotoxicity. In the current study, a unique series of PPS1 multimeric derivatives were synthesized by switching the linker from the C-terminus to an internal position. The unimportant fourth residue (N-lys) from the C-terminus was utilized to build the linker. The synthesis strategy was developed employing variations of (I) the linker size, (II) the number of positively charged residues, and (III) the number of hydrophobic regions. Cytotoxicity of these new derivatives on HCC4017 lung cancer cells showed that a minimum of two hydrophobic regions was important to retain the activity and that the shortest linker length was optimal for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Shukla
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Joseph C Manarang
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - D Gomika Udugamasooriya
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA; Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Peck EM, Battles PM, Rice DR, Roland FM, Norquest KA, Smith BD. Pre-Assembly of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Multivalent Molecular Probes for Biological Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1400-10. [PMID: 27088305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A programmable pre-assembly method is described and shown to produce near-infrared fluorescent molecular probes with tunable multivalent binding properties. The modular assembly process threads one or two copies of a tetralactam macrocycle onto a fluorescent PEGylated squaraine scaffold containing a complementary number of docking stations. Appended to the macrocycle periphery are multiple copies of a ligand that is known to target a biomarker. The structure and high purity of each threaded complex was determined by independent spectrometric methods and also by gel electrophoresis. Especially helpful were diagnostic red-shift and energy transfer features in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. The threaded complexes were found to be effective multivalent molecular probes for fluorescence microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging of living subjects. Two multivalent probes were prepared and tested for targeting of bone in mice. A pre-assembled probe with 12 bone-targeting iminodiacetate ligands produced more bone accumulation than an analogous pre-assembled probe with six iminodiacetate ligands. Notably, there was no loss in probe fluorescence at the bone target site after 24 h in the living animal, indicating that the pre-assembled fluorescent probe maintained very high mechanical and chemical stability on the skeletal surface. The study shows how this versatile pre-assembly method can be used in a parallel combinatorial manner to produce libraries of near-infrared fluorescent multivalent molecular probes for different types of imaging and diagnostic applications, with incremental structural changes in the number of targeting groups, linker lengths, linker flexibility, and degree of PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul M Battles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Felicia M Roland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kathryn A Norquest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Elshan NGRD, Jayasundera T, Weber CS, Lynch RM, Mash EA. Development of a time-resolved fluorescence probe for evaluation of competitive binding to the cholecystokinin 2 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1841-8. [PMID: 25769518 PMCID: PMC4380538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and use of Eu-DTPA-PEGO-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (Eu-DTPA-PEGO-CCK4), a luminescent probe targeted to cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R, aka CCKBR), are described. The probe was prepared by solid phase synthesis. A Kd value of 17±2nM was determined by means of saturation binding assays using HEK-293 cells that overexpress CCK2R. The probe was then used in competitive binding assays against Ac-CCK4 and three new trivalent CCK4 compounds. Repeatable and reproducible binding assay results were obtained. Given its ease of synthesis, purification, receptor binding properties, and utility in competitive binding assays, Eu-DTPA-PEGO-CCK4 could become a standard tool for high-throughput screening of compounds in development targeted to cholecystokinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G R Dayan Elshan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | | | - Craig S Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5051, USA
| | - Ronald M Lynch
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5051, USA; The Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0240, USA
| | - Eugene A Mash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
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Saludes JP, Morton LA, Coulup SK, Fiorini Z, Cook BM, Beninson L, Chapman ER, Fleshner M, Yin H. Multivalency amplifies the selection and affinity of bradykinin-derived peptides for lipid nanovesicles. Mol Biosyst 2013; 9:2005-9. [PMID: 23715428 PMCID: PMC3764994 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The trimer of a bradykinin derivative displayed a more than five-fold increase in binding affinity for phosphatidylserine-enriched nanovesicles as compared to its monomeric precursor. The nanovesicle selection is directly correlated with multivalency, which amplifies the electrostatic attraction. This strategy may lead to the development of novel molecular probes for detecting highly curved membrane bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonel P. Saludes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Leslie A. Morton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sara K. Coulup
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zeno Fiorini
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brandan M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lida Beninson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Edwin R. Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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