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Zhao T, Wang L, Chen F. Potassium channel-related epilepsy: Pathogenesis and clinical features. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:891-905. [PMID: 38560778 PMCID: PMC11145612 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Variants in potassium channel-related genes are one of the most important mechanisms underlying abnormal neuronal excitation and disturbances in the cellular resting membrane potential. These variants can cause different forms of epilepsy, which can seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients, especially those with refractory epilepsy or status epilepticus, which are common among pediatric patients and are potentially life-threatening. Variants in potassium ion channel-related genes have been reported in few studies; however, to our knowledge, no systematic review has been published. This study aimed to summarize the epilepsy phenotypes, functional studies, and pharmacological advances associated with different potassium channel gene variants to assist clinical practitioners and drug development teams to develop evidence-based medicine and guide research strategies. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant literature on potassium channel-related epilepsy reported in the past 5-10 years. Various common potassium ion channel gene variants can lead to heterogeneous epilepsy phenotypes, and functional effects can result from gene deletions and compound effects. Administration of select anti-seizure medications is the primary treatment for this type of epilepsy. Most patients are refractory to anti-seizure medications, and some novel anti-seizure medications have been found to improve seizures. Use of targeted drugs to correct aberrant channel function based on the type of potassium channel gene variant can be used as an evidence-based pathway to achieve precise and individualized treatment for children with epilepsy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: In this article, the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of epilepsy caused by different types of potassium channel gene variants are reviewed in the light of the latest research literature at home and abroad, with the expectation of providing a certain theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of children with this type of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Hebei Children's HospitalShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Le Wang
- Hebei Children's HospitalShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Fang Chen
- Hebei Children's HospitalShijiazhuangHebeiChina
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2
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Xiao C, Sun Y, Huang H, Yue X, Song Z, David T, Xu S. Cellular communication among smooth muscle cells: The role of membrane potential via connexins. J Theor Biol 2024; 576:111627. [PMID: 37977477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Communication via action potentials among neurons has been extensively studied. However, effective communication without action potentials is ubiquitous in biological systems, yet it has received much less attention in comparison. Multi-cellular communication among smooth muscles is crucial for regulating blood flow, for example. Understanding the mechanism of this non-action potential communication is critical in many cases, like synchronization of cellular activity, under normal and pathological conditions. In this paper, we employ a multi-scale asymptotic method to derive a macroscopic homogenized bidomain model from the microscopic electro-neutral (EN) model. This is achieved by considering different diffusion coefficients and incorporating nonlinear interface conditions. Subsequently, the homogenized macroscopic model is used to investigate communication in multi-cellular tissues. Our computational simulations reveal that the membrane potential of syncytia, formed by interconnected cells via connexins, plays a crucial role in propagating oscillations from one region to another, providing an effective means for fast cellular communication. Statement of Significance: In this study, we investigated cellular communication and ion transport in vascular smooth muscle cells, shedding light on their mechanisms under normal and abnormal conditions. Our research highlights the potential of mathematical models in understanding complex biological systems. We developed effective macroscale electro-neutral bi-domain ion transport models and examined their behavior in response to different stimuli. Our findings revealed the crucial role of connexinmediated membrane potential changes and demonstrated the effectiveness of cellular communication through syncytium membranes. Despite some limitations, our study provides valuable insights into these processes and emphasizes the importance of mathematical modeling in unraveling the complexities of cellular communication and ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China.
| | - Yishui Sun
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.
| | - Huaxiong Huang
- Research Center for Mathematics, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519088, China; Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, MOE, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Xingye Yue
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Zilong Song
- Math and Statistics Department, Utah State University, Old Main Hill, Logan , UT 84322, USA.
| | - Tim David
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Shixin Xu
- Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Sciences (CMCS), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, 215316, China.
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3
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Lu TL, Wu SN. Investigating the Impact of Selective Modulators on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Unraveling Their Off-Target Perturbations of Transmembrane Ionic Currents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14007. [PMID: 37762309 PMCID: PMC10530685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body, including blood pressure regulation, electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health. However, any compounds or drugs known to perturb the RAAS might have an additional impact on transmembrane ionic currents. In this retrospective review article, we aimed to present a selection of chemical compounds or medications that have long been recognized as interfering with the RAAS. It is noteworthy that these substances may also exhibit regulatory effects in different types of ionic currents. Apocynin, known to attenuate the angiotensin II-induced activation of epithelial Na+ channels, was shown to stimulate peak and late components of voltage-gated Na+ current (INa). Esaxerenone, an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, can exert an inhibitory effect on peak and late INa directly. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, can directly enhance the open probability of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Sparsentan, a dual-acting antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor and endothelin type A receptors, was found to suppress the amplitude of peak and late INa effectively. However, telmisartan, a blocker of the angiotensin II receptor, was effective in stimulating the peak and late INa along with a slowing of the inactivation time course of the current. However, telmisartan's presence can also suppress the erg-mediated K+ current. Moreover, tolvaptan, recognized as an aquaretic agent that can block the vasopressin receptor, was noted to suppress the amplitude of the delayed-rectifier K+ current and the M-type K+ current directly. The above results indicate that these substances not only have an interference effect on the RAAS but also exert regulatory effects on different types of ionic currents. Therefore, to determine their mechanisms of action, it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Ling Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Research and Education, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709040, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
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4
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Li D, Zhang X, Liu R, Long M, Zhou S, Lin J, Zhang L. Kainic acid induced hyperexcitability in thalamic reticular nucleus that initiates an inflammatory response through the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:94-106. [PMID: 36669621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the proinflammatory factor high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and glutamatergic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the development of epilepsy. METHODS Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) slices were treated with kainic acid (KA) to simulate seizures. Action potentials and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were recorded within TRN slices using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. The translocation of HMGB1 was detected by immunofluorescence. The HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory factors (IL-1β and NF-κB) were detected by RTPCR, Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS KA-evoked spikings were observed in TRN slices and blocked by perampanel. sIPSCs in the TRN were enhanced by KA and reduced by perampanel. The translocation of HMGB1 in the TRN was promoted by KA and inhibited by perampanel. The expression of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway was promoted by KA and suppressed by perampanel. CONCLUSION KA induced hyperexcitability activates the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway, which potentially leading to neuroinflammation in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaosi Zhang
- Metro-Medic Clinic, 1538 sherbrooke Ouest, suite 100, Montreal, QC H3G 1L5, Canada
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meixin Long
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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5
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Zahra A, Liu R, Han W, Meng H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Campbell SL, Wu J. K Ca-Related Neurological Disorders: Phenotypic Spectrum and Therapeutic Indications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1504-1518. [PMID: 36503451 PMCID: PMC10472807 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221208091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although potassium channelopathies have been linked to a wide range of neurological conditions, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is not always clear, and a systematic summary of clinical manifestation is absent. Several neurological disorders have been associated with alterations of calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa channels), such as loss- or gain-of-function mutations, post-transcriptional modification, etc. Here, we outlined the current understanding of the molecular and cellular properties of three subtypes of KCa channels, including big conductance KCa channels (BK), small conductance KCa channels (SK), and the intermediate conductance KCa channels (IK). Next, we comprehensively reviewed the loss- or gain-of-function mutations of each KCa channel and described the corresponding mutation sites in specific diseases to broaden the phenotypic-genotypic spectrum of KCa-related neurological disorders. Moreover, we reviewed the current pharmaceutical strategies targeting KCa channels in KCa-related neurological disorders to provide new directions for drug discovery in anti-seizure medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Zahra
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Ru Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wenzhe Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Meng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - YunFu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Susan L. Campbell
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
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6
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PKC regulation of ion channels: The involvement of PIP 2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102035. [PMID: 35588786 PMCID: PMC9198471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins whose gating has been increasingly shown to depend on the presence of the low-abundance membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate. The expression and function of ion channels is tightly regulated via protein phosphorylation by specific kinases, including various PKC isoforms. Several channels have further been shown to be regulated by PKC through altered surface expression, probability of channel opening, shifts in voltage dependence of their activation, or changes in inactivation or desensitization. In this review, we survey the impact of phosphorylation of various ion channels by PKC isoforms and examine the dependence of phosphorylated ion channels on phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate as a mechanistic endpoint to control channel gating.
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7
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Wu Y, Xu M, Wang P, Syeda AKR, Huang P, Dong XP. Lysosomal potassium channels. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102536. [PMID: 35016151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lysosome is an important membrane-bound acidic organelle that is regarded as the degradative center as well as multifunctional signaling hub. It digests unwanted macromolecules, damaged organelles, microbes, and other materials derived from endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis. To function properly, the ionic homeostasis and membrane potential of the lysosome are strictly regulated by transporters and ion channels. As the most abundant cation inside the cell, potassium ions (K+) are vital for lysosomal membrane potential and lysosomal calcium (Ca2+) signaling. However, our understanding about how lysosomal K+homeostasis is regulated and what are the functions of K+in the lysosome is very limited. Currently, two lysosomal K+channels have been identified: large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+channel (BK) and transmembrane Protein 175 (TMEM175). In this review, we summarize recent development in our understanding of K+ homeostasis and K+channels in the lysosome. We hope to guide the readers into a more in-depth discussion of lysosomal K+ channels in lysosomal physiology and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Mengnan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alia Kazim Rizvi Syeda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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8
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The Control of Rat Hippocampal Gamma Oscillation Strength by BK Channel Activity. Neuroscience 2021; 475:220-228. [PMID: 34509547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal network oscillations in the gamma frequency band (30-80 Hz, γ oscillations) are associated with the higher brain functions such as perception, attention, learning and memory. BK channels mediate rapid repolarization and fast afterhyperpolarization in neurons and control neuronal excitability, and potentially control hippocampal γ oscillations. In this study, we examined the effects of modulating BK channels on hippocampal γ oscillations in the absence or presence of Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) or Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPAR). We found that blocking BK channels enhanced γ power, without affecting oscillation frequency or regularity, suggesting that BK channel activity suppresses γ oscillations. Blocking either VGCC or CP-AMPAR itself enhanced γ power, and completely occluded the effect of BK channel blockers on γ oscillations, whereas blocking BK channels first could not prevent a further γ power increase upon blockade of either CP-AMPAR or VGCC. We propose that Ca2+ influx through VGCC or CP-AMPAR during γ oscillations, cause membrane BK channel activation and regulate hippocampal γ oscillation strength by negative feedback.
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Revealing the Precise Role of Calretinin Neurons in Epilepsy: We Are on the Way. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:209-222. [PMID: 34324145 PMCID: PMC8821741 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by hyperexcitability in the brain. Its pathogenesis is classically associated with an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Calretinin (CR) is one of the three major types of calcium-binding proteins present in inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The functions of CR and its role in neural excitability are still unknown. Recent data suggest that CR neurons have diverse neurotransmitters, morphologies, distributions, and functions in different brain regions across various species. Notably, CR neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala, neocortex, and thalamus are extremely susceptible to excitotoxicity in the epileptic brain, but the causal relationship is unknown. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneous functions of CR neurons in different brain regions and their relationship with neural excitability and epilepsy. Importantly, we provide perspectives on future investigations of the role of CR neurons in epilepsy.
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Rubio C, Taddei E, Acosta J, Custodio V, Paz C. Neuronal Excitability in Epileptogenic Zones Regulated by the Wnt/ Β-Catenin Pathway. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:2-11. [PMID: 31987027 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200120143133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that involves abnormal and recurrent neuronal discharges, producing epileptic seizures. Recently, it has been proposed that the Wnt signaling pathway is essential for the central nervous system development and function because it modulates important processes such as hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic clefting, and mitochondrial regulation. Wnt/β- catenin signaling regulates changes induced by epileptic seizures, including neuronal death. Several genetic studies associate Wnt/β-catenin signaling with neuronal excitability and epileptic activity. Mutations and chromosomal defects underlying syndromic or inherited epileptic seizures have been identified. However, genetic factors underlying the susceptibility of an individual to develop epileptic seizures have not been fully studied yet. In this review, we describe the genes involved in neuronal excitability in epileptogenic zones dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Elisa Taddei
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jorge Acosta
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Verónica Custodio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos Paz
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
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McCoy MT, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Potassium Channels and Their Potential Roles in Substance Use Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1249. [PMID: 33513859 PMCID: PMC7865894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are ubiquitous throughout the world. However, much remains to be done to develop pharmacotherapies that are very efficacious because the focus has been mostly on using dopaminergic agents or opioid agonists. Herein we discuss the potential of using potassium channel activators in SUD treatment because evidence has accumulated to support a role of these channels in the effects of rewarding drugs. Potassium channels regulate neuronal action potential via effects on threshold, burst firing, and firing frequency. They are located in brain regions identified as important for the behavioral responses to rewarding drugs. In addition, their expression profiles are influenced by administration of rewarding substances. Genetic studies have also implicated variants in genes that encode potassium channels. Importantly, administration of potassium agonists have been shown to reduce alcohol intake and to augment the behavioral effects of opioid drugs. Potassium channel expression is also increased in animals with reduced intake of methamphetamine. Together, these results support the idea of further investing in studies that focus on elucidating the role of potassium channels as targets for therapeutic interventions against SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.T.M.); (S.J.)
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12
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Bonnet U, Wiemann M. Topiramate Decelerates Bicarbonate-Driven Acid-Elimination of Human Neocortical Neurons: Strategic Significance for its Antiepileptic, Antimigraine and Neuroprotective Properties. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:264-275. [PMID: 32496992 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200604173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian central neurons regulate their intracellular pH (pHi) strongly and even slight pHi-fluctuations can influence inter-/intracellular signaling, synaptic plasticity and excitability. OBJECTIVE For the first time, we investigated topiramate´s (TPM) influence on pHi-behavior of human central neurons representing a promising target for anticonvulsants and antimigraine drugs. METHODS In slice-preparations of tissue resected from the middle temporal gyrus of five adults with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, BCECF-AM-loaded neocortical pyramidal-cells were investigated by fluorometry. The pHi-regulation was estimated by using the recovery-slope from intracellular acidification after an Ammonium-Prepulse (APP). RESULTS Among 17 pyramidal neurons exposed to 50 μM TPM, seven (41.24%) responded with an altered resting-pHi (7.02±0.12), i.e., acidification of 0.01-0.03 pH-units. The more alkaline the neurons, the greater the TPM-related acidifications (r=0.7, p=0.001, n=17). The recovery from APPacidification was significantly slowed under TPM (p<0.001, n=5). Further experiments using nominal bicarbonate-free (n=2) and chloride-free (n=2) conditions pointed to a modulation of the HCO3 -- driven pHi-regulation by TPM, favoring a stimulation of the passive Cl-/HCO3 --antiporter (CBT) - an acid-loader predominantly in more alkaline neurons. CONCLUSION TPM modulated the bicarbonate-driven pHi-regulation, just as previously described in adult guinea-pig hippocampal neurons. We discussed the significance of the resulting subtle acidifications for beneficial antiepileptic, antimigraine and neuroprotective effects as well as for unwanted cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University Duisburg-Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,IBE R&D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health, D-48149 Munster, Germany
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13
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Sharma S, Mazumder AG, Rana AK, Patial V, Singh D. Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures Mediated Cardiac Dysfunction via mTOR Pathway Upregulation: A Putative Target for SUDEP Management. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:555-565. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190801112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:Alteration in electrophysiology, leading to cardiac dysfunction and subsequently a nontraumatic death is a complication of epilepsy known as “SUDEP” (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy).Aims:The present study was designed to understand the molecular changes and cardiac parameters during different phases of epileptogenesis in lithium-pilocarpine (Li-pilo) rat model of epilepsy.Methods:The animals were exposed to Li-pilo to induce Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures (SRS). Noninvasive blood pressure and electrocardiography was recorded at 7th, 28th and 75th day following pilocarpine administration, considered as latent, initial and late SRS phases, respectively. The serum biochemistry, cardiac histopathology, protein and mRNA expressions were studied, following electrocardiography on day 75.Results:The mean arterial pressure decreased during the latent phase, thereafter it progressively increased during the initial and the late SRS phases, as compared to the basal and the latent phase. Histopathological analysis of the heart sections indicated hypertrophy, degenerative changes and fibrous tissue deposition in epileptic animals, along with increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB in the serum. The expression of HIF-1α, phospho-S6, phospho-mTOR, TGF-β, collagen I and Na+/K+-ATPase α1 proteins, and mRNA levels of HIF-1α, mTOR, Rps6, Scn1b, Scn3b, Nav1.5 and TGF-β were increased in the cardiac tissue of epileptic animals, as compared to control.Conclusion:Our results conclusively showed that Li-pilo-induced SRS leads to cardiac dysfunction via mTOR pathway upregulation, thus suggested the regulatory control of mTOR pathway as a potential target for SUDEP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arindam G. Mazumder
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anil K. Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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14
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Dong S, Liu Y, Xu J, Hu Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Synthesis and Evaluation of N-substituted (Z)-5-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5- ylmethylene)-2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-one Derivatives and 5-Substituted- Thioxothiazolidindione Derivatives as Potent Anticonvulsant Agents. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:798-807. [PMID: 31742497 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191119125515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a serious and common neurological disorder threatening the health of humans. Despite enormous progress in epileptic research, the anti-epileptic drugs present many limitations. These limitations prompted the development of more safer and effective AEDs. METHODS A series of N-substituted (Z)-5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)- 2-thioxothiazolidin-4- one derivatives and 5-substituted-thioxothiazolidindione derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ). Neurotoxicity was determined by the rotarod test. RESULTS Among them, the most potent 4e displayed high protection against MES-induced seizures with an ED50 value of 9.7 mg/kg and TD50 value of 263.3 mg/kg, which provided 4e with a high protective index (TD50/ED50) of 27.1 comparable to reference antiepileptic drugs. 4e clearly inhibits the NaV1.1 channel in vitro. The molecular docking study was conducted to exploit the results. CONCLUSION Stiripentol is a good lead compound for further structural modification. Compound 4e was synthesized, which displayed remarkable anticonvulsant activities, and the NaV1.1 channel inhibition was involved in the mechanism of action of 4e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Limin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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15
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Siddiqui S, Khan F, Jamali KS, Musharraf SG. Madecassic Acid Reduces Fast Transient Potassium Channels and Promotes Neurite Elongation in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 19:12-26. [PMID: 31713492 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191111105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Madecassic Acid (MA) is well known to induce neurite elongation. However, its correlation with the expression of fast transient potassium (AKv) channels during neuronal development has not been well studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of MA on the modulation of AKv channels during neurite outgrowth. METHODS Neurite outgrowth was measured with morphometry software, and Kv4 currents were recorded by using the patch clamp technique. RESULTS The ability of MA to promote neurite outgrowth is dose-dependent and was blocked by using the mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. MA reduced the peak current density and surface expression of the AKv channel Kv4.2 with or without the presence of NaN3. The surface expression of Kv4.2 channels was also reduced after MA treatment of growing neurons. Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, MK801 along with MA prevented the effect of MA on neurite length, indicating that calcium entry through NMDA receptors is necessary for MA-induced neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSION The data demonstrated that MA increased neurite outgrowth by internalizing AKv channels in neurons. Any alterations in the precise density of ion channels can lead to deleterious consequences on health because it changes the electrical and mechanical function of a neuron or a cell. Modulating ion channel's density is exciting research in order to develop novel drugs for the therapeutic treatment of various diseases of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Neuroscience, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Neuroscience, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Saeed Jamali
- Department of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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16
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Guo Y, Yu XM, Chen S, Wen JY, Chen ZW. Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower protect rat hippocampal neuron from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via activation of BK Ca channel. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 72:111-120. [PMID: 31598976 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of total flavones of Rhododendra simsii Planch flower (TFR) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat hippocampal neurons and its underlying mechanism. METHOD Model of H/R was established in newborn rat primary cultured hippocampal neuron. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cultured supernatants of the neurons were examined. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Hoechst33258 staining were, respectively, used to detect cell viability and apoptosis of neurons. Protein expression and current of BKCa channel were assessed by using Western blotting and whole-cell patch-clamp methods, respectively. KEY FINDINGS In the ranges of 3.7-300 mg/l, TFR significantly inhibited H/R-induced decrease of neuronal viability and increases of LDH, NSE and MDA in the supernatants as well as apoptosis; TFR 33.3, 100 and 300 mg/l markedly increased current of BKCa channel rather than the BKCa channel protein expression in the neurons. CONCLUSIONS Total flavones of R. simsii Planch flower had a protective effect against H/R injury in rat hippocampal neuron, and activation of BKCa channel may contribute to the neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Yue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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17
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Wu X, Chen Z, Sun W, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zang K, Wang Y. Activation of Kir2.3 Channels by Tenidap Suppresses Epileptiform Burst Discharges in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:621-630. [PMID: 31389319 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190807122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Tenidap, a selective human inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 2.3 channel opener, has been reported to have antiepileptic effect in the pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy rat model in our previous study. However, the effect of tenidap on neurons and its relationship with the epileptiform bursting charges in neuron is still required to be explored. METHODS In this study, cyclothiazide (CTZ) induced cultured hippocampal neuron epileptic model was used to study the antiepileptic effect of tenidap and the relationship between Kir2.3 channel and the neuronal epileptiform burst. RESULTS Patch clamp recording showed that both acute (2h) and chronic (48h) CTZ pre-treatment all significantly induced robust epileptiform burst activities in cultured hippocampal neurons, and tenidap acutely application inhibited this highly synchronized abnormal activities. The effect of tenidap is likely due to increased activity of Kir2.3 channels, since tenidap significantly enhanced kir current recorded from those neurons. In addition, neurons overexpressing Kir2.3 channels, by transfection with Kir2.3 plasmid, showed a significant large increase of the Kir current, prevented CTZ treatment to induce epileptiform burst discharge. CONCLUSION Our current study demonstrated that over activation of Kir2.3 channel in hippocampal neurons could positively interference with epileptiform burst activities, and tenidap, as a selective Kir2.3 channel opener, could be a potential candidate for seizure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Khalid R, Noureen N, Kamal MA, Batool S. Computational Protein-Protein Docking Reveals the Therapeutic Potential of Kunitz-type Venom against hKv1.2 Binding Sites. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:382-404. [PMID: 30892167 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190319140204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Kunitz-type venoms are bioactive proteins isolated from a wide variety of venomous animals. These venoms are involved in protease inhibitory activity or potassium channel blocking activity. Therefore, they are reported as an important source for lead drug candidates towards protease or channel associated diseases like neurological, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. METHODS This study aimed to check the inhibitory action of Kunitz-type venoms against potassium channels using computational tools. RESULTS Among potassium channels, Human Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel 1.2 (hKv1.2) was used as a receptor whereas Kunitz-type peptides from the venoms of various species were selected as ligand dataset. CONCLUSION This study helped in finding the binding interface between the receptor and ligand dataset for their potential therapeutic use in treating potassium channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Khalid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad-45550, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Noureen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad-45550, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoic, 7 Peterlee Pl, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sidra Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad-45550, Pakistan
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Ghotbeddin Z, Heysieattalab S, Borjkhani M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Semnanian S, Hosseinmardi N, Janahmadi M. Ca 2+ Channels Involvement in Low-Frequency Stimulation-Mediated Suppression of Intrinsic Excitability of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells in a Rat Amygdala Kindling Model. Neuroscience 2019; 406:234-248. [PMID: 30885638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency stimulation has demonstrated promising seizure suppression in animal models of epilepsy, while the mechanism of the effect is still debated. Changes in intrinsic properties have been recognized as a prominent pathophysiologically relevant feature of numerous neurological disorders including epilepsy. Here, it was evaluated whether LFS can preserve the intrinsic neuronal electrophysiological properties in a rat model of epilepsy, focusing on the possible involvement of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The amygdala kindling model was induced by 3 s monophasic square wave pulses (50 Hz, 1 ms duration, 12times/day at 5 min intervals). Both LFS alone and kindled plus LFS (KLFS) groups received four packages of LFS (each consisting of 200 monophasic square pulses, 0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz with the after discharge threshold intensity), which in KLFS rats was applied immediately after kindling induction. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made in the presence of fast synaptic blockers 24 h after the last kindling stimulations or following kindling stimulations plus LFS application. In the KLFS group, both the rebound excitation and kindling-induced intrinsic hyperexcitability were decreased, associated with a regular intrinsic firing as indicated by a lower coefficient of variation. The amplitude of afterdepolarization (ADP) and its area under the curve were both decreased in the KLFS group compared to the kindled group. LFS prevented the increasing effect of kindling on Ca2+ currents in the KLFS group. Findings provided evidence for a novel form of epileptiform activity suppression by LFS in the presence of synaptic blockade possibly by decreasing Ca2+ currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Borjkhani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Hosseinmardi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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