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Pu W, Ma C, Wang B, Zhu W, Chen H. The "Heater" of "Cold" Tumors-Blocking IL-6. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300587. [PMID: 38773937 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is not simply the end of the inflammatory response but rather a complex process that involves various cells, inflammatory factors, and specialized proresolving mediators following the occurrence of inflammation. Once inflammation cannot be cleared by the body, malignant tumors may be induced. Among them, IL-6, as an immunosuppressive factor, activates a variety of signal transduction pathways and induces tumorigenesis. Monitoring IL-6 can be used for the diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis of tumor patients. In terms of treatment, improving the efficacy of targeted and immunotherapy remains a major challenge. Blocking IL-6 and its mediated signaling pathways can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy responses by activating immune cells. Even transform "cold" tumors that are difficult to respond to immunotherapy into immunogenic "hot" tumors, acting as a "heater" for "cold" tumors, restarting the tumor immune cycle, and reducing immunotherapy-related toxic reactions and drug resistance. In clinical practice, the combined application of IL-6 inhibition with targeted therapy and immunotherapy may produce synergistic results. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials are imperative to further validate the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigao Pu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- General Surgery Department of Lintao County People's Hospital in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
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2
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Brockmueller A, Ruiz de Porras V, Shakibaei M. Curcumin and its anti-colorectal cancer potential: From mechanisms of action to autophagy. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38699926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression, one of the most common cancers globally, is supported by specific mechanisms to escape cell death despite chemotherapy, including cellular autophagy. Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved degradation pathway involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and clearance of foreign bodies, and its imbalance is associated with many diseases. However, the role of autophagy in CRC progression remains controversial, as it has a dual function, affecting either cell death or survival, and is associated with cellular senescence in tumor therapy. Indeed, numerous data have been presented that autophagy in cancers serves as an alternative to cell apoptosis when the latter is ineffective or in apoptosis-resistant cells, which is why it is also referred to as programmed cell death type II. Curcumin, one of the active constituents of Curcuma longa, has great potential to combat CRC by influencing various cellular signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation in a safe and cost-effective approach. This review discusses the efficacy of curcumin against CRC in vitro and in vivo, particularly its modulation of autophagy and apoptosis in various cellular pathways. While clinical studies have assessed the potential of curcumin in cancer prevention and treatment, none have specifically examined its role in autophagy. Nonetheless, we offer an overview of potential correlations to support the use of this polyphenol as a prophylactic or co-therapeutic agent in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Barcelona, Spain
- GRET and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Dong J, Jiang W, Zhang W, Hu R, Huang Z, Guo T, Du T, Jiang X. Genetic association of circulating interleukins and risk of colorectal cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2706-2716. [PMID: 38240193 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that inflammation, especially interleukin family members, plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, because of various confounders and the lack of clinical randomized controlled trial, the causal relationship between genetically predicted level of interleukin family and CRC risk has not been fully explained. OBJECTIVE Bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to investigate the causal association between interleukin family members and CRC. METHODS Several genetic variables were extracted as instrumental variables (IVs) from summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for interleukin and CRC. IVs of interleukin family were obtained from recently published GWAS studies and the summary data of CRC was from FinnGen Biobank. After a series of quality control measures and strict screening, six models were used to evaluate the causal relationship. Pleiotropy, heterogeneity test, and a variety of sensitivity analysis were also used to estimate the robustness of the model results. RESULTS Genetically predicted higher circulating levels of IL-2 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-0.92; p = .0043), IL-17F(OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62-1.00; p = .015), and IL-31 (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.98; p = .023) were suggestively associated with decreased CRC risk. However, higher level of IL-10 (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.18-1.65; p = .000094) was causally associated with increased risk of CRC. Reverse MR results indicated that the exposure of CRC was suggestively associated with higher levels of IL-36α (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.49; p = .040) and IL-17RD (OR: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00-1.48; p = .048) and lower level of IL-13 (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65-0.95; p = .013). The overall MR results did not provide evidence for causal relationships between other interleukins and CRC (p > .05). CONCLUSION We offer suggestive evidence supporting a potential causal relationship between circulating interleukins and CRC, underscoring the significance of targeting circulating interleukins as a strategy to mitigate the incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanju Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiye Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taohua Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Xiang S, Jian Q, Chen W, Xu Q, Li J, Wang C, Wang R, Zhang D, Lin J, Zheng C. Pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117733. [PMID: 38218504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginger is a "medicine-food homology" natural herb and has a longstanding medicinal background in treating intestinal diseases. Its remarkable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, flora regulatory, intestinal protective, and anticancer properties, make it a promising natural medicine for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose is to review the relevant literature on ginger and pharmacodynamic components for CRC prevention and treatment, summarize the possible mechanisms of ginger from clinical studies and animal and in vitro experiments, to provide theoretical support for the use of ginger preparations in the daily prevention and clinical treatment of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures about ginger and CRC were searched from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ginger and its pharmacodynamic components in the prevention and treatment of CRC, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, flora regulatory, intestinal protective, inhibit CRC cell proliferation, induce CRC cell cycle blockage, promote CRC cell apoptosis, suppress CRC cell invasion and migration, enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Ginger has potential for daily prevention and clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Xiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qin Jian
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jia Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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5
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Wishnoff MS, Shustak A, Sharp S. Perirectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma After Subtotal-Colectomy for Crohn's Disease: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55305. [PMID: 38559545 PMCID: PMC10981787 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents the third most common cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-related death in the United States. CRC is particularly prevalent in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. Adenocarcinoma represents more than 90% of new CRC diagnoses. The mucinous subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma is found in approximately 10-20% of all colorectal cancer patients and is most frequently located in the proximal colon. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the rectal stump of a patient who had previously undergone subtotal-colectomy with end ileostomy for Crohn's disease. She initially presented with gradually worsening chronic abdominal pain and gelatinous rectal discharge. She was found to have a complex cystic lesion communicating with her Hartman's pouch. She ultimately underwent a completion proctectomy, radical hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in conjunction with gynecology oncology. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first description of a perirectal mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a patient after subtotal-colectomy for Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Wishnoff
- General Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health System, Richmond, USA
| | - Ashley Shustak
- General Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health System, Richmond, USA
| | - Steven Sharp
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health System, Richmond, USA
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Ahmad MS, Braoudaki M, Patel H, Ahmad I, Shagufta, Siddiqui SS. Novel Siglec-15-Sia axis inhibitor leads to colorectal cancer cell death by targeting miR-6715b-3p and oncogenes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254911. [PMID: 37869015 PMCID: PMC10587484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are well known immunotherapeutic targets in cancer. Current checkpoint inhibitors have exhibited limited efficacy, prompting a need for novel therapeutics for targets such as Siglec-15. Presently, small molecule inhibitors targeting Siglec-15 are not explored alongside characterised regulatory mechanisms involving microRNAs in CRC progression. Therefore, a small molecule inhibitor to target Siglec-15 was elucidated in vitro and microRNA mediated inhibitor effects were investigated. Our research findings demonstrated that the SHG-8 molecule exerted significant cytotoxicity on cell viability, migration, and colony formation, with an IC50 value of approximately 20µM. SHG-8 exposure induced late apoptosis in vitro in SW480 CRC cells. Notably, miR-6715b-3p was the most upregulated miRNA in high-throughput sequencing, which was also validated via RT-qPCR. MiR-6715b-3p may regulate PTTG1IP, a potential oncogene which was validated via RT-qPCR and in silico analysis. Additionally, molecular docking studies revealed SHG-8 interactions with the Siglec-15 binding pocket with the binding affinity of -5.4 kcal/mol, highlighting its role as a small molecule inhibitor. Importantly, Siglec-15 and PD-L1 are expressed on mutually exclusive cancer cell populations, suggesting the potential for combination therapies with PD-L1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saqif Ahmad
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Hershna Patel
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shagufta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shoib Sarwar Siddiqui
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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7
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Zi Y, Liu L, Gao J, Xu X, Guan Y, Rong Z, Cao Z, Li M, Zeng Z, Fan Q, Tang F, He J, Feng D, Chen J, Dai Y, Huang Y, Nie Y, Pei H, Cai Q, Li Z, Sun L, Deng Y. Phosphorylation of PPDPF via IL6-JAK2 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55060. [PMID: 37477088 PMCID: PMC10481670 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and leads to β-catenin accumulation in colitis-related CRC. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor (PPDPF) is found to be upregulated in CRC and significantly correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages and survival time. Knockout of PPDPF in the intestinal epithelium shortens crypts, decreases the number of stem cells, and inhibits the growth of organoids and the occurrence of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC. Mechanistically, PPDPF is found to interact with Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), thereby disrupting its binding to Axin, disassociating the β-catenin destruction complex, decreasing the phosphorylation of β-catenin, and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, interleukin 6 (IL6)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-mediated inflammatory signals lead to phosphorylation of PPDPF at Tyr16 and Tyr17, stabilizing the protein. In summary, this study demonstrates that PPDPF is a key molecule in CRC carcinogenesis and progression that connects inflammatory signals to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zi
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of PediatricsRuijin HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yidi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Zhuoxian Rong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Zimei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Qi Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Feiyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Junju He
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jionghuang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuedi Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Minhang BranchFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of OncologyJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiangChina
| | - Yingjie Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune‐Related DiseasesGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qingping Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for CancerChangshaChina
| | - Yuezhen Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Masood L, Müller A, Ali NZ, Mummadisetty A, Yahya A, Burugu SS, Sajid R, Lakkimsetti M, Sagireddy S, Abdin ZU, Nazir Z. A Narrative Literature Review on Sepsis: A Primary Manifestation of Colorectal Neoplasm. Cureus 2023; 15:e44803. [PMID: 37809261 PMCID: PMC10560076 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibit a complex relationship that warrants further exploration. This review delves into the interplay of factors between sepsis and CRC, uncovering shared pathophysiological traits and potential bacterial associations. Understanding these connections could pave the way for earlier diagnosis, improved management, and enhanced outcomes in CRC patients. The role of immune system dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, and specific microbial imbalances, such as Streptococcus bovis and Clostridium septicum, are discussed. Recognizing sepsis in CRC patients is crucial for timely intervention, and tailored approaches encompassing antibiotic therapy, source control measures, and cancer treatment are essential for comprehensive care. Monitoring biomarkers and ratios can provide valuable insights into complications and overall health outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists is necessary to address the global burden of CRC and its association with sepsis while exploring novel interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and personalized care. We conducted a thorough search using reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to investigate the connection between sepsis and CRC. We refined our search terms, utilized sidebar filters, and examined references in selected articles. This meticulous process helped us create a comprehensive literature review and gain valuable insights into this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalain Masood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus, Karachi, PAK
| | - Agustina Müller
- Department of General Medicine, Austral University Hospital, Pilar, ARG
| | - Nayab Z Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, PAK
| | - Anvitha Mummadisetty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Modern Government Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Anam Yahya
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Rabia Sajid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Mohit Lakkimsetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, IND
| | - Sowmya Sagireddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coney Island Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Zain U Abdin
- Department of Internal Medicine, District Head Quarter Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Zahra Nazir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, PAK
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Noncoding RNAs as regulators of STAT3 pathway in gastrointestinal cancers: Roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1263-1321. [PMID: 36951271 DOI: 10.1002/med.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors (cancers of the esophagus, gastric, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum) contribute to a large number of deaths worldwide. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes the transcription of genes associated with proliferation, antiapoptosis, survival, and metastasis. STAT3 is overactivated in many human malignancies including GI tumors which accelerates tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research in recent years demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a major role in the regulation of many signaling pathways including the STAT3 pathway. The major types of endogenous ncRNAs that are being extensively studied in oncology are microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs can either be tumor-promoters or tumor-suppressors and each one of them imparts their activity via different mechanisms. The STAT3 pathway is also tightly modulated by ncRNAs. In this article, we have elaborated on the tumor-promoting role of STAT3 signaling in GI tumors. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the oncogenic as well as tumor suppressor functions and mechanism of action of ncRNAs that are known to modulate STAT3 signaling in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Guo CG, Zhang F, Jiang F, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhou A, Zhang S, Leung WK. Long-term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on colorectal cancer incidences. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231170943. [PMID: 37168403 PMCID: PMC10164860 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231170943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence supporting the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether H. pylori eradication reduces the risk of CRC is still unknown. Objectives To compare the incidence of CRC in subjects who had received H. pylori eradication therapy with general population. Design A population-based retrospective cohort study. Methods This study included all H. pylori-infected subjects who had received their first course of clarithromycin-containing triple therapy in 2003-2015 in Hong Kong. We compared the observed incidences of CRC in this H. pylori eradicated cohort with the expected incidences in the age- and sex-matched general population. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed. Results Among 96,572 H. pylori-eradicated subjects with a median follow-up of 9.7 years, 1417 (1.5%) developed CRC. Primary analysis showed no significant difference in the observed and expected incidences of CRC (SIR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.09). However, when stratified according to the follow-up period, higher incidence of CRC was only observed in the first 5 years after eradication (SIR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.39-1.55), but it was lower (SIR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) than general population after 11 years. When stratified by tumor location, the observed incidence was higher for colon (SIR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.29) but lower for rectal cancer (SIR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.999) among H. pylori-eradicated subjects. Conclusions H. pylori-infected subjects appeared to have a higher incidence of CRC initially, which declined progressively to a level lower than general population 10 years after H. pylori eradication, particularly for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Guo Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wai K. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
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11
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Speciani MC, Gargari G, Penagini R, Mutignani M, Ferraroni M, Natale A, Katsoulis M, Cintolo M, Leone P, Airoldi A, Vecchi M, Bonzi R, Ciafardini C, Oreggia B, Carnevali P, Guglielmetti S, Riso P, La Vecchia C, Rossi M. Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03110-2. [PMID: 37093261 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Garlic consumption has been inversely associated to intestinal adenoma (IA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, although evidence is not consistent. Gut microbiota has been implied in CRC pathogenesis and is also influenced by garlic consumption. We analyzed whether dietary garlic influence CRC risk and bacterial DNA in blood. METHODS We conducted a case-control study in Italy involving 100 incident CRC cases, 100 IA and 100 healthy controls matched by center, sex and age. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary habits and garlic consumption. Blood bacterial DNA profile was estimated using qPCR and16S rRNA gene profiling. We derived odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IA and CRC according to garlic consumption from multiple conditional logistic regression. We used Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests to evaluate taxa differences in abundance and prevalence. RESULTS The OR of CRC for medium/high versus low/null garlic consumption was 0.27 (95% CI = 0.11-0.66). Differences in garlic consumption were found for selected blood bacterial taxa. Medium/high garlic consumption was associated to an increase of Corynebacteriales order, Nocardiaceae family and Rhodococcus genus, and to a decrease of Family XI and Finegoldia genus. CONCLUSIONS The study adds data on the protective effect of dietary garlic on CRC risk. Moreover, it supports evidence of a translocation of bacterial material to bloodstream and corroborates the hypothesis of a diet-microbiota axis as a mechanism behind the role of garlic in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carola Speciani
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Penagini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mutignani
- Digestive and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Natale
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michail Katsoulis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Marcello Cintolo
- Digestive and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Leone
- General Surgery Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Airoldi
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Bonzi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Clorinda Ciafardini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Oreggia
- General Surgery Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Carnevali
- Division of Minimally-Invasive Surgical Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rossi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Zhen J, Liu C, Liao F, Zhang J, Xie H, Tan C, Dong W. The global research of microbiota in colorectal cancer screening: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1169369. [PMID: 37213286 PMCID: PMC10196493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We conducted bibliometric and visualization analyses to evaluate the current research status, hotspots, and trends related to the human microbiota markers in colorectal cancer screening. Methods The related studies were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 5 January 2023. Analyses of the co-occurrence and cooperation relationships between the cited authors, institutions, countries/regions, cited journals, cited articles, and keywords in the studies were carried out using CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software and the Online Analysis platform of Literature Metrology. Additionally, relevant knowledge graphs were drawn to perform visualization analyses; a keywords cluster analysis and a burst analysis were also conducted. Results After analyzing 700 relevant articles, this bibliometric analysis found that the annual publications showed an increasing trend from 1992 to 2022. Yu Jun from the Chinese University of Hong Kong had the highest cumulative number of publications, whereas Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the most productive institution. China and the USA have contributed the largest number of studies. The keywords frequency analysis demonstrated that "colorectal cancer," "gut microbiota," "Fusobacterium nucleatum," "risk," and "microbiota" were the most frequent keywords, and the keywords cluster analysis found that the current hotspots were as follows: (a) the precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC) that need to be screened, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and advanced adenoma, (b) the gut-derived microbiome for CRC screening, and (c) the early detection of CRC. The burst analysis further showed that the combination of microbiomics with metabolomics might be the future research trend in the field of CRC screening. Conclusion The findings of the current bibliometric analysis firstly provide an insight into the current research status, hotspots, and future trends in the field of CRC screening based on the microbiome; the research in this field is becoming more in-depth and diversified. Some human microbiota markers, especially "Fusobacterium nucleatum," are promising biomarkers in CRC screening, and a future hotspot might be the combined analysis of microbiomics and metabolomics for CRC risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhai Zhen
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huabing Xie
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Weiguo Dong,
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13
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Li J, Wang D, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Role of NRF2 in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221105736. [PMID: 36476179 PMCID: PMC9742687 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a basic leucine zipper protein that participates in a complex regulatory network in the body. The activation of NRF2 can prevent and treat colorectal cancer (CRC). A variety of natural compounds can activate NRF2 to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation to prevent the occurrence and development of CRC, inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells and induce their apoptosis. However, some studies have also shown that it also has negative effects on CRC, such as overexpression of NRF2 can promote the growth of colorectal tumors and increase the drug resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Therefore, inhibition of NRF2 can also be helpful in the treatment of CRC. In this study, we analyze the current research progress of NRF2 in CRC from various aspects to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment based on the NRF2 signaling pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China,
Yifei Liu, School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning medical college, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China,Yanhong Zhou, School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China.
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14
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Role of the Ghrelin System in Colitis and Hepatitis as Risk Factors for Inflammatory-Related Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911188. [PMID: 36232490 PMCID: PMC9569806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not known exactly what leads to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there are specific risk factors that increase the probability of their occurrence. The unclear pathogenesis, too-late diagnosis, poor prognosis as a result of high recurrence and metastasis rates, and repeatedly ineffective therapy of both cancers continue to challenge both basic science and practical medicine. The ghrelin system, which is comprised of ghrelin and alternative peptides (e.g., obestatin), growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-Rs), and ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase (GOAT), plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It promotes various physiological effects, including energy metabolism and amelioration of inflammation. The ghrelin system plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which are well known risk factors for the development of CRC, as well as inflammatory liver diseases which can trigger the development of HCC. Colitis-associated cancer serves as a prototype of inflammation-associated cancers. Little is known about the role of the ghrelin system in the mechanisms of transformation of chronic inflammation to low- and high-grade dysplasia, and, finally, to CRC. HCC is also associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis arising from different etiologies, including alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and/or hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. However, the exact role of ghrelin in the progression of the chronic inflammatory lesions into HCC is still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize findings on the role of the ghrelin system in inflammatory bowel and liver diseases in order to better understand the impact of this system on the development of inflammatory-related cancers, namely CRC and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546441; Fax: +48-61-8546440
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska Street 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Bhat AA, Nisar S, Singh M, Ashraf B, Masoodi T, Prasad CP, Sharma A, Maacha S, Karedath T, Hashem S, Yasin SB, Bagga P, Reddy R, Frennaux MP, Uddin S, Dhawan P, Haris M, Macha MA. Cytokine‐ and chemokine‐induced inflammatory colorectal tumor microenvironment: Emerging avenue for targeted therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:689-715. [PMID: 35791509 PMCID: PMC9395317 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant life‐threatening cancer, with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death. Intestinal inflammation, a known CRC risk factor, nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, immunosuppressive cells, and secretory growth factors. The complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix‐remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease outcomes. Mounting evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. These cells impart features such as cancer stem cell‐like properties, drug resistance, invasion, and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs, promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth. A deeper understanding of the cytokine‐ and chemokine‐mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for CRC. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine‐ and chemokine‐mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which drives immunosuppression, resistance to therapeutics, and metastasis during CRC progression. We also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for CRC. The major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Bazella Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Central University of Kashmir Ganderbal Jammu & Kashmir 191201 India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Chandra P. Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Selma Maacha
- Division of Translational Medicine Research Branch Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Thasni Karedath
- Genomics Core Facility, QBRI Qatar Foundation Doha 34110 Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Syed Besina Yasin
- Department of Pathology Sher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir 190011 India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical Corporation Doha 3050 Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Center Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson‐Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora Jammu & Kashmir 192122 India
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16
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Ben-Baruch A. Tumor Necrosis Factor α: Taking a Personalized Road in Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903679. [PMID: 35663982 PMCID: PMC9157545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adit Ben-Baruch
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Downstream Signaling of Inflammasome Pathway Affects Patients' Outcome in the Context of Distinct Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060651. [PMID: 35745570 PMCID: PMC9229152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes involved in the regulation of different biological conditions. Over the past few years, the role of NLRP3 in different tumor types has gained interest. In breast cancer (BC), NLRP3 has been associated with multiple processes including epithelia mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastization. Little is known about molecular modifications of NLRP3 up-regulation. In this study, in a cohort of BCs, the expression levels of NLRP3 and PYCARD were analyzed in combination with CyclinD1 and MYC ones and their gene alterations. We described a correlation between the NLRP3/PYCARD axis and CyclinD1 (p < 0.0001). NLRP3, PYCARD and CyclinD1’s positive expression was observed in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) positive cases (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a reduction of NLRP3 and PYCARD expression has been observed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) with respect to the Luminal phenotypes (p = 0.017 and p = 0.0015, respectively). The association NLRP3+/CCND1+ or PYCARD+/CCND1+ was related to more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and a worse clinical outcome, both for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with respect to NLRP3+/CCND1− or PYCARD+/CCND1− patients, both in the whole cohort and also in the subset of Luminal tumors. In conclusion, our study shows that the NLRP3 inflammasome complex is down-regulated in TNBC compared to the Luminal subgroup. Moreover, the expression levels of NLRP3 and PYCARD together with the alterations of CCND1 results in Luminal subtype BC’ss poor prognosis.
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18
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Guo N, Gao J. Harmol alleviates dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer by downregulating Bcl2/IL-6/TNF-α expression in association with p53 mediated apoptosis. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the world’s third most prevalent cancer. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used to treat a variety of disorders, including cancer, due to the severe adverse effects. Harmol, natural molecule containing β-carboline alkaloids, has aroused the interest of researchers due to its diverse biological functions, including anticancer properties. Methods: In this study, the chemotherapeutic effects of harmol have been investigated on HT-29 colon cancer cell line and a rat model of colon cancer. In the in vitro study the cytotoxicity assay, DAPI analysis and the flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess the anticancer efficacy of harmol in HT-29 cell. The colorectal cancer was developed in male Wistar rats through the administration of DMH followed by treatment with DSS. The rats were treated with harmol (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 18 weeks. At the end of therapy, the colon tissues were assessed for ACF, in vivo antioxidant activity, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and apoptosis assay. Results: The in vitro data suggested that the harmol therapy would significantly increase the percentage of early apoptosis in HT-29 cells through halting of G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, inhibition of ACF development with improved colonic abrasion and morphological features in colonic mucosal region were noted. Harmol treatment also increased the levels of antioxidants and p53 and downregulated Bcl2, IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Conclusion: These outcomes signify that harmol successfully recover colorectal carcinoma by reprogramming the p53, Bcl2, IL-6 and TNF-α pathway in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
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19
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Methylglyoxal Levels in Human Colorectal Precancer and Cancer: Analysis of Tumor and Peritumor Tissue. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121319. [PMID: 34947850 PMCID: PMC8708054 DOI: 10.3390/life11121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is increasing; therefore, an understanding of its oncogenic mechanisms is critical for improving its treatment and management. Methylglyoxal (MGO) has a highly reactive aldehyde group and has been suggested to play a role in oncogenesis. However, no standardized data are currently available on MGO levels in colorectal precancerous and cancerous lesions. We collected 40 matched colorectal tumor and peritumor tissues from patients with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and invasive cancer (IC). MGO levels increased between LGD, HGD, and IC tumor tissues (215.25 ± 39.69, 267.45 ± 100.61, and 587.36 ± 123.19 μg/g protein, respectively; p = 0.014). The MGO levels in peritumor tissue increased and were significantly higher than MGO levels in tumor tissue (197.99 ± 49.40, 738.09 ± 247.87, 933.41 ± 164.83 μg/g protein, respectively; p = 0.002). Tumor tissue MGO levels did not correlate with age, sex, underlying disease, or smoking status. These results suggest that MGO levels fluctuate in progression of CRC and warrants further research into its underlying mechanisms and function in tumor biology.
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20
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Zhang L, Xiao Y, Yang R, Wang S, Ma S, Liu J, Xiao W, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology to reveal multi-scale mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22149. [PMID: 34773055 PMCID: PMC8589993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the complex etiology, the treatment of gastric cancer is a formidable challenge for contemporary medical. The current treatment method focuses on traditional surgical procedures, supplemented by other treatments. Among these other treatments, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays an important role. Here, we used the systems pharmacology approach to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of PRGRC on gastric cancer which composes of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit., Rheum palmatumL., Gentiana scabraBunge, Radix Aucklandiae and Citrus aurantium L. This approach combines pharmacokinetics analysis with pharmacodynamics evaluation for the active compounds screening, targets prediction and pathways assessing. Firstly, through pharmacokinetic evaluation and target prediction models, 83 potential compounds and 184 gastric cancer-related targets were screened out. Then, the results of network analysis suggested that the targets of PRGRC were mainly involved two aspects: apoptosis and inflammation. Finally, we verified the reliability of the above analysis at the cellular level by using naringenin and luteolin with good pharmacokinetic activity as representative compounds. Overall, we found that PRGRC could influence the development of gastric cancer from a multi-scale perspective. This study provided a new direction for analyzing the mechanism of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - ShuangXin Ma
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222002, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China.
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Saponaro C, Scarpi E, Sonnessa M, Cioffi A, Buccino F, Giotta F, Pastena MI, Zito FA, Mangia A. Prognostic Value of NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705331. [PMID: 34540671 PMCID: PMC8443770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome complexes play a pivotal role in different cancer types. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the most well-studied inflammasomes. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces abnormal secretion of soluble cytokines, generating advantageous inflammatory surroundings that support tumor growth. The expression levels of the NLRP3, PYCARD and TLR4 were determined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of primary invasive breast carcinomas (BCs). We observed different NLRP3 and PYCARD expressions in non-tumor vs tumor areas (p<0.0001). All the proteins were associated to more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics (tumor size, grade, tumor proliferative activity etc.). Univariate analyses were carried out and related Kaplan-Meier curves plotted for NLRP3, PYCARD and TLR4 expression. Patients with higher NLRP3 and TLR4 expression had worse 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) compared to patients with lower NLRP3 and TLR4 expression (p =0.021 and p = 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, TLR4 was confirmed as independent prognostic factors for DFS (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.16–3.57, p = 0.014), and high NLRP3 expression showed a slight association with DFS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.98–3.15, p = 0.06). In conclusion, we showed TLR4 expression as independent prognostic factors and we highlighted for the first time that high expression of NLRP3 is linked to a poor prognosis in BC patients. These results suggest that NLRP3 and TLR4 could be two new good prognostic factor for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cioffi
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Buccino
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Irene Pastena
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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