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Xiang L, Jin S, Yu Y, Wang D, Chen H. Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:933. [PMID: 37789268 PMCID: PMC10546706 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common postoperative complication in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer (GC). Although VTE incidence may vary among cancers, guidelines rarely stratify preventive methods for postoperative VTE by cancer type. The risk of VTE in patients undergoing surgery for GC remains unclear. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the risk of VTE after GC surgery and discuss the clinical value of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in these cases. Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from their inception to September 2022. RESULTS Overall, 13 studies (111,936 patients) were included. The overall 1-month incidence of VTE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) after GC surgery was 1.8% (95% CI, 0.8-3.1%; I²=98.5%), 1.2% (95% CI, 0.5-2.1%; I²=96.1%), and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1-1.1%; I²=96.3%), respectively. The prevalence of postoperative VTE was comparable between Asian and Western populations (1.8% vs. 1.8%; P > 0.05). Compared with mechanical prophylaxis alone, mechanical plus pharmacological prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower 1-month rate of postoperative VTE and DVT (0.6% vs. 2.9% and 0.6% vs. 2.8%, respectively; all P < 0.05), but not PE (P > 0.05). The 1-month postoperative incidence of VTE was not significantly different between laparoscopic and open surgery (1.8% vs. 4.3%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients undergoing GC surgery do not have a high risk of VTE. The incidence of VTE after GC surgery is not significantly different between Eastern and Western patients. Mechanical plus pharmacological prophylaxis is more effective than mechanical prophylaxis alone in postoperative VTE prevention. The VTE risk is comparable between open and laparoscopic surgery for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Shuai Jin
- Department of Surgery, Qiaokou Hususu Clinic, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumours of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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Yu Y, Xu B, Xiang L, Ding T, Wang N, Yu R, Gu B, Gao L, Maswikiti EP, Wang Y, Li H, Bai Y, Zheng P, Ma C, Wang B, Wang X, Zhang T, Chen H. Photodynamic therapy improves the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors via remodelling anti-tumour immunity in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:798-813. [PMID: 37335366 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays an immunoregulatory role in tumours. Here, we conducted a retrospective patient analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in gastric cancer. Further, we performed a dynamic analysis of gastric cancer patients receiving PDT to clarify its effects on anti-tumour immunity. METHODS Forty ICI-treated patients that received PDT or not were retrospectively analysed. Five patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled for sample collection before and after PDT. Single-cell RNA/T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, flow cytometry and histological exanimation were used to analyse the collected specimens. RESULTS Patients in PDT group had a significantly better OS after ICI treatment than those in No PDT group. Single-cell analysis identified ten cell types in gastric cancer tissues and four sub-populations of T cells. Immune cell infiltration increased in the tumours after PDT and the circular immune cells showed consistent alterations. TCR analysis revealed a specific clonal expansion after PDT in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but a constriction in Tregs. The B2M gene is upregulated in tumour cells after PDT and is associated with immune cell infiltration. Several pathways involving the positive regulation of immunity were enriched in tumour cells in the post-PDT group. The interactions following PDT were increased between tumour cells and effector cells but decreased between Tregs and other immune cells. Some co-stimulatory signaling emerged, whereas co-inhibitory signaling disappeared in intercellular communication after PDT. CONCLUSIONS PDT elicits an anti-tumour response through various mechanisms and is promising as an adjuvant to enhance ICI benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianlong Ding
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Bai
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Yin Z, Gao L, Ma B, Shi J, Chen H. Lipid Nanoparticles-Based Therapy in Liver Metastasis Management: From Tumor Cell-Directed Strategy to Liver Microenvironment-Directed Strategy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2939-2954. [PMID: 37288351 PMCID: PMC10243353 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s402821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the liver, as one of the most frequent metastatic patterns, was associated with poor prognosis. Major drawbacks of conventional therapies in liver metastasis were the lack of metastatic-targeting ability, predominant systemic toxicities and incapability of tumor microenvironment modulations. Lipid nanoparticles-based strategies like galactosylated, lyso-thermosensitive or active-targeting chemotherapeutics liposomes have been explored in liver metastasis management. This review aimed to summarize the state-of-art lipid nanoparticles-based therapies in liver metastasis management. Clinical and translational studies on the lipid nanoparticles in treating liver metastasis were searched up to April, 2023 from online databases. This review focused not only on the updates in drug-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles directly targeting metastatic cancer cells in treating liver metastasis, but more importantly on research frontiers in drug-loading lipid nanoparticles targeting nonparenchymal liver tumor microenvironment components in treating liver metastasis, which showed promise for future clinical oncological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianming Shi
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
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