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Cucchi D, Di Giacomo G, Compagnoni R, Castricini R, Formigoni C, Radici M, Melis B, Brindisino F, De Giorgi S, De Vita A, Lisai A, Mangiavini L, Candela V, Carrozzo A, Pannone A, Menon A, Giudici LD, Klumpp R, Padua R, Carnevale A, Rosa F, Marmotti A, Peretti GM, Berruto M, Milano G, Randelli P, Bonaspetti G, De Girolamo L. A high level of scientific evidence is available to guide treatment of primary shoulder stiffness: The SIAGASCOT consensus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:37-46. [PMID: 38226696 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a condition characterised by active and passive restricted glenohumeral range of motion, which can occur spontaneously in an idiopathic manner or be associated with a known underlying aetiology. Several treatment options are available and currently no consensus has been obtained on which treatment algorithm represents the best choice for the patient. Herein we present the results of a national consensus on the treatment of primary SS. METHODS The project followed the modified Delphi consensus process, involving a steering, a rating and a peer-review group. Sixteen questions were generated and subsequently answered by the steering group after a thorough literature search. A rating group composed by professionals specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pathologies rated the question-answer sets according to the scientific evidence and their clinical experience. RESULTS Recommendations were rated with an average of 8.4 points out of maximum 9 points. None of the 16 answers received a rating of less than 8 and all the answers were considered as appropriate. The majority of responses were assessed as Grade A, signifying a substantial availability of scientific evidence to guide treatment and support recommendations encompassing diagnostics, physiotherapy, electrophysical agents, oral and injective medical therapies, as well as surgical interventions for primary SS. CONCLUSIONS A consensus regarding the conservative and surgical treatment of primary SS could be achieved at a national level. This consensus sets basis for evidence-based clinical practice in the management of primary SS and can serve as a model for similar initiatives and adaptable guidelines in other European countries and potentially on a global scale. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cucchi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- SIAGASCOT "Basic Science" Committee, Rome, Italy
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Compagnoni
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Castricini
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Verde, Fermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Formigoni
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
- GIDIF-RBM - Italian Group of Information Specialist from Pharmaceutical Company and Biomedical Research Institutes, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Radici
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Melis
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Unità di Ortopedia e traumatologia dello sport, Casa di cura "Policlinico Città di Quartu", Quartu Sant'Elena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Brindisino
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise c/o Cardarelli Hospital, C/da Tappino, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvana De Giorgi
- SIAGASCOT "Basic Science" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea De Vita
- Concordia Hospital Roma, Rome, Italy
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lisai
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Unità Funzionale Chirurgia della Spalla, Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- SIAGASCOT "Basic Science" Committee, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrozzo
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AOU Sant'Andrea, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Pannone
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Policlinico "Città di Udine", Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Menon
- SIAGASCOT "Basic Science" Committee, Rome, Italy
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Statistica Sanitaria e Biometria, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Dei Giudici
- SIAGASCOT "Shoulder" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Casa di Cura "Villa dei Pini", Civitanova Marche, Italy
| | - Raymond Klumpp
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Carnevale
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rosa
- SIAGASCOT "Guidelines" Work-group, Rome, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center -IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Marmotti
- SIAGASCOT "Basic Science" Committee, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Berruto
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ASST Spedali Civili, UOC Clinica Ortopedica, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Randelli
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP-RD), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bonaspetti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinica S. Anna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura De Girolamo
- SIAGASCOT "Basic Science" Committee, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
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Li D, Zhang C, Xiang X, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Ma K. The Effect of Arthroscopic Extra-Articular Entire Coracohumeral Ligament Release for Patients with Recalcitrant Frozen Shoulder. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:1975-1982. [PMID: 36345115 PMCID: PMC10432473 DOI: 10.1111/os.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The thickened coracohumeral ligament (CHL) is an important part of the typical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging of frozen shoulder. However, only a few clinical studies with limited cases on arthroscopic extra-articular entire CHL release exist in the literature. This study was to evaluate the effect of arthroscopic extra-articular entire CHL release for patients with recalcitrant frozen shoulder. METHODS From February 2014 to February 2020, 81 cases of recalcitrant frozen shoulder patients treated with surgery in a single-center shoulder department and followed for more than 2 years were analyzed. Arthroscopic 360° capsular release was performed with intra-articular partial release (IPR group) or additional extra-articular entire release (IPR + EER group) of CHL. The same rehabilitation program was performed after surgery in both groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), and the Constant-Murley scoring system was evaluated before operation, at 3 months after operation, 6 months after operation, and the final follow-up. T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-squared test were used to compared data. RESULTS There were 39 patients in the IPR group, with an average follow-up of 29.2 months. A total of Forty-two patients in the IPR + EER group completed a mean follow-up of 25.7 months. All incisions healed in stages. There were significant differences in Constant-Murley shoulder score, VAS score, and ROM before operation and at the final follow-up in both groups (both P < 0.001). The VAS score of the IPR + EER group was lower than that of the IPR group at 3 months after surgery (P < 0.05), and 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). External rotation, internal rotation, and abduction of ROMs and Constant-Murley shoulder score were significantly greater in the IPR + EER group at 3 months (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively) and 6 months after operation (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in forward flexion, internal rotation, and abduction of ROMs, VAS, and the Constant-Murley shoulder score between the IPR and IPR + EER groups. The external rotation of the IPR + EER group was still greater than that of the IPR group at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Arthroscopic extra-articular entire coracohumeral ligament release could solve early pain of shoulder joint, recover shoulder joint functions effectively, and achieve a satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant frozen shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐mei Li
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery CenterLuoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province & Orthopedic Hospital of Henan ProvinceLuoyangChina
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery CenterLuoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province & Orthopedic Hospital of Henan ProvinceLuoyangChina
| | - Xian‐Xiang Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAffiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yong‐Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryXiangtan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXiangtanChina
| | - Lai‐Fu Zhang
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery CenterLuoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province & Orthopedic Hospital of Henan ProvinceLuoyangChina
| | - Kun Ma
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery CenterLuoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province & Orthopedic Hospital of Henan ProvinceLuoyangChina
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Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided fascia hydrorelease on the coracohumeral ligament in patients with global limitation of the shoulder range of motion: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19782. [PMID: 36396688 PMCID: PMC9671893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective single-arm interventional study of the treatment efficacy of ultrasound-guided fascia hydrorelease (US-FHR) on the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) of patients with global limitation of shoulder range of motion (ROM) without local inflammation. The primary outcome was the change in passive ROM (pROM) of external rotation (ER) after first US-FHR. Secondary outcomes included the change in pROM of other directions from baseline, the pain visual analogue scale (pVAS) at the timepoints after each procedure (first, second US-FHR and rehabilitation) as well as the change in the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) from the first to the second visit. Eleven patients underwent US-FHR. The pROM of ER after the 1st US-FHR changed by a median of 7.1° (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant improvement in the pROM of flexion, extension, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation from baseline to each timepoints. The pVAS at rest showed no significant improvement, although the pVAS at maximal ER showed a trend towards improvement. The SPADI score decreased by a median of 13.4 (p < 0.01). No adverse events were observed. US-FHR on the CHL with or without rehabilitation might be an effective, less invasive treatment for patients with global limitation of shoulder ROM.
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McKean D, Teh J. Imaging of the Long Head of Biceps Tendon and Rotator Interval. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2022; 26:566-576. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis article reviews the imaging and common pathology of the long head of biceps tendon and rotator interval (RI). This area of complex anatomy plays a crucial role in normal shoulder function. Injury or abnormality of the RI may contribute to a range of shoulder pathology, such as biceps instability, tendinopathy, and frozen shoulder. Understanding the normal and pathologic appearances of the RI structures is crucial for a correct diagnosis and directing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McKean
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
- Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Teh
- The Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hagiwara Y, Kanazawa K, Ando A, Sekiguchi T, Yabe Y, Takahashi M, Koide M, Yoshida S. Contracted joint capsule affects labral and chondral lesions in patients with frozen shoulder. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:2640-2647. [PMID: 34085108 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intra-articular pathologies, such as labral and chondral lesions, are common in patients with frozen shoulder. This study evaluated the correlations between the range of motion and labral and chondral lesions in patients with frozen shoulder and investigated their pathophysiologies. METHODS In total, 125 individuals (53 men and 72 women) who underwent arthroscopic pan-capsular release between 2014 and 2020 were included in the study. The range of motion was measured using scapular fixation and true glenohumeral motion under general anaesthesia. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder score and the Shoulder Rating Scale score of the University of California, Los Angeles were used to compare intra-articular pathologies. RESULTS More than 80% of patients with frozen shoulder had labral pathologies, and nearly half of them had chondral pathologies. Labral lesions extending to the anterior rim of the glenoid had a greater range of motion and the greatest total American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder score. More severe chondral lesions had a lesser range of motion, but presented the greatest function scores and the lowest strength scores according to the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California, Los Angeles. The pain scores of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder score and the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California, Los Angeles were not correlated with the degree of these pathologies. The traction force affected the labrum during true range of motion, and the compression force occurred on the articular cartilage during internal rotation at 90° of forward flexion during diagnostic arthroscopy. CONCLUSION Labral and chondral lesions are common in patients with frozen shoulder. Adherence to the capsulolabral complex induced a limited range of motion and labral and chondral pathologies. Diagnostic arthroscopy with motion is an important method of reproducing the pathogenesis of intra-articular structures for patients with frozen shoulder. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ohgawara, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Japan Railway Company Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichirou Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Hagiwara Y, Kanazawa K, Ando A, Sekiguchi T, Koide M, Yabe Y, Itoi E. Reply to the Park and Lee regarding: "Effects of joint capsular release on range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder". J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021; 30:e177. [PMID: 33440239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Otrhopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ohgawara, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Otrhopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Centeral Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Otrhopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Correlations Between Range of Motion and Elasticity of the Coracohumeral Ligament Evaluated With Shear-Wave Elastography. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:9-15. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Range of motion (ROM) in the glenohumeral joint decreases with age in healthy subjects; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The process of aging of the joint capsule, including the coracohumeral ligament (CHL), could affect ROM limitation. Objective: This study investigated correlations between elasticity of the CHL, evaluated by means of shear-wave elastography, and age, side dominance, and ROM in healthy individuals. Design: Experimental study. Setting: Laboratory. Subjects: Eighty-four healthy volunteers (39 men and 45 women, mean age: 42.6 y) were included. Main Outcome Measures: Subjects were divided into 3 age groups: younger (20–39 y), middle (40–59 y), and older (≥60 y) age groups. With participants in the supine position, CHL elasticity in both shoulders was evaluated in both neutral and 30° external rotation, with arms at the sides. ROM, including forward flexion, lateral elevation, external rotation, 90° abduction with external rotation, and hand behind the back were measured with participants in the standing position. Results: The CHL elastic modulus was higher in the older group than in the younger group in the neutral (78.4 kPa [SD: 37.1] and 56.6 kPa [SD: 31.7], respectively) and 30° external rotation positions (135.5 kPa [SD: 63.5] and 71.4 kPa [SD: 32.2], respectively). Negative correlations were found between the CHL elastic modulus and ROM in terms of 30° external rotation and both external rotation (R = −.59, P = .02) and 90° abduction with external rotation (R = −.71, P = .003) in the older group, with correlation coefficients increasing with age. Conclusions: Significant correlations were identified between CHL elasticity and ROM in both external rotation and 90° abduction with external rotation with increasing age. Decreased CHL elasticity was strongly associated with decreased shoulder ROM in middle-aged and older individuals.
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Hagiwara Y, Kanazawa K, Ando A, Sekiguchi T, Yabe Y, Takahashi M, Koide M, Takahashi N, Sugaya H. Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic pan-capsular release with or without entire coracohumeral ligament release for patients with frozen shoulder. JSES Int 2020; 4:826-832. [PMID: 33345222 PMCID: PMC7738570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to retrospectively determine the effects of arthroscopic pan-capsular release with or without entire coracohumeral ligament (CHL) release and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with frozen shoulder (FS). Methods The study included 34 patients (20 male and 14 female patients) who underwent arthroscopic pan-capsular release without entire CHL release (group 1) and 26 patients (6 male and 20 female patients) who underwent entire CHL release for FS (group 2). Patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were included, and range of motion (ROM) and the shoulder rating scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system were evaluated. Results In group 2, external rotation and hand-behind-the-back (HBB) ROMs were significantly increased compared with group 1 at the final follow-up (external rotation, 53.1° ± 15.2° vs. 41.3° ± 20.5° [P = .044]; HBB level, T6 [interquartile range, T5-T9] vs. T11 [interquartile range, T8-L4] [P < .001]). Total UCLA scores and UCLA scores for pain (9.2 ± 1.5 vs. 10.0, P = .003), function (8.5 ± 1.4 vs. 10.0, P < .001), and active forward flexion (4.6 ± 0.6 vs. 4.9 ± 0.2, P < .011) were significantly greater in group 2 at the final follow-up. Patients without DM tended to have greater recovery of forward flexion and HBB ROMs and better total, pain, and function UCLA scores compared with those with DM. In group 2, there were no significant differences in ROMs and UCLA scores between the patients with DM and those without DM. Conclusion Arthroscopic entire CHL release is an essential treatment option for FS patients to regain ROMs and function and to reduce pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ōgawara, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Railway Company Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norimasa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital, Funabashi, Japan
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Hagiwara Y, Kanazawa K, Ando A, Sekiguchi T, Koide M, Yabe Y, Itoi E. Effects of arthroscopic pancapsular release for proximal humeral fractures treated with intramedullary nailing: a retrospective study. JSES Int 2020; 4:546-550. [PMID: 32939483 PMCID: PMC7479035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proximal humeral fractures are one of the most common fractures in adults. Some patients treated operatively have restriction in range of motion (ROM) after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate arthroscopic pancapsular release in patients with severe stiffness after treatment with intramedullary nailing for proximal humeral fractures. Methods This study included 12 patients (7 women and 5 men) who underwent arthroscopic pancapsular release in the beach-chair position between May 2015 and February 2018. Intraoperative findings were recorded, and ordinary (with scapulothoracic motion) and true (without scapulothoracic motion) glenohumeral ROMs were measured with a goniometer. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score, Shoulder Rating Scale score of the University of California, Los Angeles scoring system, and Constant score were compared before and after the release. The Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze data. Results The average age of the patients was 65.1 years (standard deviation, 9.5 years), and the mean follow-up period after the release was 30.6 months (standard deviation, 11.7 months). All ROMs on the affected side after surgery were significantly greater than those before surgery in all directions. However, ROMs in forward flexion, lateral elevation, and external rotation with the arm at the side and at 90° of forward flexion on the affected side postoperatively were significantly lower than those on the unaffected side. All scores were significantly greater after surgery than before surgery. Conclusion Arthroscopic pancapsular release is effective for patients with proximal humeral fractures treated with intramedullary nailing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ōgawara, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Hagiwara Y, Kanazawa K, Ando A, Sekiguchi T, Koide M, Yabe Y, Suzuki K, Itoi E. Effects of joint capsular release on range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:1836-1842. [PMID: 32414610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thickened joint capsule is believed to be one of the most specific manifestations of and the primary restraint against range of motion (ROM) in frozen shoulders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship among ROMs under general anesthesia before surgery and the effects of each joint capsular release on ROM. METHODS ROM was measured using a goniometer with scapular fixation. Arthroscopic pan-capsular release was performed with the patient in the beach-chair position in the following order: (1) rotator interval, (2) coracohumeral ligament, (3) superior capsule, (4) middle glenohumeral ligament, (5) anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament, and (6) posterior inferior glenohumeral ligament. ROMs in forward flexion (FF), lateral elevation (LE), external rotation with the arm at the side (ER1), external rotation at 90° of LE (ER2), internal rotation at 90° of LE (IR2), horizontal flexion, external rotation at 90° of FF (ER3), and internal rotation at 90° of FF (IR3) were evaluated before and after each release. RESULTS A total of 32 consecutive shoulders were included. After each capsular release, the ROM recovered; the final ROM was significantly greater on the affected side than on the unaffected side. Significant correlations were found between FF and LE, FF and ER1, ER1 and ER2, ER1 and ER3, ER2 and ER3, and IR2 and IR3 on both sides, regardless of surgery. CONCLUSION Each segment of the joint capsule affected ROM in all directions, supporting the need for whole-joint capsular release; ROM was significantly greater on the affected side than on the unaffected side after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ōgawara, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Yano T, Hagiwara Y, Ando A, Kanazawa K, Koide M, Sekiguchi T, Itaya N, Onoki T, Suzuki K, Tsuchiya M, Sogi Y, Yabe Y, Itoi E. RAGE-dependent NF-kB inflammation processes in the capsule of frozen shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:1884-1891. [PMID: 32279986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of frozen shoulder (FS) remains uncertain. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause the cross-linking and stabilization of collagen and are increased in FS. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of FS by evaluating the receptor of AGE (RAGE)-dependent pathways. METHODS Tissue samples of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) and anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) were collected from 33 patients with FS, with severe stiffness, and 25 with rotator cuff tears (RCTs) as controls. Gene expression levels of RAGE, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and cytokines were evaluated using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The immunoreactivities of carboxymethyllysine (CML), pentosidine, and RAGE were also evaluated. CML and pentosidine were further evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Gene expression levels of RAGE, HMGB1, TLR2, TLR4, and NF-kB were significantly greater in the CHLs and IGHLs from the FS group than in those from the RCT group. Immunoreactivities of RAGE and CML were stronger in the CHLs and IGHLs from the FS group than in those from the RCT group. Pentosidine was weakly immunostained in the CHLs and IGHLs from the FS group. CML using high-performance liquid chromatography was significantly greater in the CHLs and IGHLs from the FS group than in those from the RCT group. CONCLUSIONS AGEs and HMGB1 might play important roles in the pathogenesis of FS by binding to RAGE and activating NF-kB signaling pathways. Suppression of these pathways could be a treatment option for FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Yano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ogawara, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sendai Hospital of East Japan Railway Company, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Onoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhito Sogi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Tang J, Zhao J. Arthroscopic Outside-In Shoulder Release for Patients With an Inaccessible Glenohumeral Joint. Arthrosc Tech 2020; 9:e1115-e1119. [PMID: 32874891 PMCID: PMC7451440 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotator interval release is an important procedure used in many shoulder operations. It is currently performed through an intra-articular approach, which may result in incomplete release or tissue removal. Here, we introduce an outside-in rotator interval release technique for complete rotator interval tissue removal, which is performed mainly through the lateral portal and a distal anterior portal under the coracoacromial arch. This technique can be used for many shoulder conditions, such as severe joint contracture or fibrosis, fixed shoulder dislocation, or disorders of the long head of the biceps. Our experience indicates that this technique is easy, effective, and capable of addressing even the most difficult shoulder conditions. We believe that adoption of this technique by surgeons can facilitate the success of many shoulder operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- Operating Theater, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Address correspondence to Jinzhong Zhao, M.D., Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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13
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Wu PY, Hsu PC, Chen TN, Huang JR, Chou CL, Wang JC. Evaluating Correlations of Coracohumeral Ligament Thickness with Restricted Shoulder Range of Motion and Clinical Duration of Adhesive Capsulitis with Ultrasound Measurements. PM R 2020; 13:461-469. [PMID: 32500656 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study is to evaluate, using ultrasound measurements, the correlation between coracohumeral ligament (CHL) thickness and restricted shoulder range of motion (ROM) in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC). The secondary objective is to investigate the correlation between CHL thickness and disease duration. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional survey. SETTING Clinical research of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS Overall, 65 patients with clinically diagnosed AC were enrolled. Ultrasound measurements of CHL thickness in the axial oblique plane were obtained under maximal external rotation of the glenohumeral joint. Both Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and shoulder ROM were prospectively evaluated by an experienced investigator. CHL thickness was compared with shoulder ROM and SPADI. The association between CHL thickness and disease duration was also investigated. RESULTS Simple linear regression analysis showed significant inverse correlation between CHL thickness and shoulder ROM including external rotation (ER) (r = -0.335, P = .006) and internal rotation (IR) (r = -0.409, P = .001). CHL thickness also correlated with disease duration (r = -0.352, P = .004). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that CHL thickness was significantly associated with restricted ER (r = -0.293, P = .02) and IR (r = -0.363, P = .003) after adjusting for age and disease duration. On the other hand, CHL thickness showed no significant correlation with abduction (r = -0.210, P = .09), flexion (r = -0.170, P = .176), or total SPADI score (r = 0.176, P = .16). Moreover, CHL was significantly thicker in patients with disease duration >6 months (P = .004, difference in means: 0.55 mm, 95% confidence interval: -0.922, -0.183). CONCLUSIONS CHL was significantly thicker in later-stage AC. CHL thickness correlated negatively with ER and IR of the shoulder. Furthermore, CHL thickening could be observed in the early stage of the disease course. These imaging findings may assist in confirming the diagnosis of AC, leading to early intervention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yi Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, 10845, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ning Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ru Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Liang Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Yano Y, Hamada J, Hagiwara Y, Karasuno H, Tamai K, Suzuki K. A new pathophysiology of atraumatic rotator cuff tears: adduction restriction of the glenohumeral joint. JSES Int 2020; 4:333-340. [PMID: 32490422 PMCID: PMC7256894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of atraumatic rotator cuff tears (ATTs) has not been fully understood. Adduction restriction of the glenohumeral joint can cause pain and disability in patients with ATTs. We aimed to use our adduction test (pushing the humerus toward the side in the coronal plane with scapular fixation) to fluoroscopically measure the glenohumeral adduction angle (GAA) and to assess the effectiveness of adduction manipulation. Materials and methods Fifty-five patients with ATTs were included in the study. The GAAs of the patients vs. healthy subjects without ATTs were measured fluoroscopically and compared. During the test, patients showed restriction and expressed pain. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, passive range of motion (ROM), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score at the initial visit were compared with those after adduction manipulation. Results Of the patients, 41 (75%) had positive adduction test results. A higher percentage of positive adduction test results was observed in smaller tears. The average GAA was –21.4° on the affected side, which was smaller than that on the unaffected side, at –2.8° (P < .001), and that in healthy subjects, at 4.8° (P < .001). After manipulation, the GAA was –0.8° (P < .001) and the VAS score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and all ROM values significantly improved up to the level on the unaffected side. Conclusion Adduction restriction of the glenohumeral joint was identified in 75% of all the patients with ATTs. Adduction manipulation significantly reduces the VAS score and restores the ROM. Adduction restriction is considered a crucial pathophysiology of ATTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tochigi Medical Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuwano Kyoritsu Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Karasuno
- Department of Physical Therapy, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tamai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohto Bunkyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, East Japan Railway Sendai Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Cho HR, Cho BH, Kang KN, Kim YU. Optimal Cut-Off Value of the Coracohumeral Ligament Area as a Morphological Parameter to Confirm Frozen Shoulder. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e99. [PMID: 32301291 PMCID: PMC7167408 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thickened coracohumeral ligament (CHL) is one of the important morphological changes of frozen shoulder (FS). Previous research reported that coracohumeral ligament thickness (CHLT) is correlated with anterior glenohumeral instability, rotator interval and eventually FS. However, thickness may change depending on the cutting angle, and measurement point. To reduce measurement mistakes, we devised a new imaging criteria, called the coracohumeral ligament area (CHLA). METHODS CHL data were collected and analyzed from 52 patients with FS, and from 51 control subjects (no evidence of FS). Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all subjects. We investigated the CHLT and CHLA at the maximal thickened view of the CHL using our picture archiving and communications system. The CHLA was measured as the whole area of the CHL including the most hypertrophied part of the MR images on the oblique sagittal plane. The CHLT was measured at the thickest point of the CHL. RESULTS The average CHLA was 40.88 ± 12.53 mm² in the control group and 67.47 ± 19.88 mm² in the FS group. The mean CHLT was 2.84 ± 0.67 mm in the control group and 4.01 ± 1.11 mm in the FS group. FS patients had significantly higher CHLA (P < 0.01) and CHLT (P < 0.01) than the control group. The receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the most suitable cut-off score of the CHLA was 50.01 mm², with 76.9% sensitivity, 76.5% specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87. The most suitable cut-off value of the CHLT was 3.30 mm, with 71.2% sensitivity, 70.6% specificity, and AUC of 0.81. CONCLUSION The significantly positive correlation between the CHLA, CHLT and FS was found. We also demonstrate that the CHLA has statistically equivalent power to CHLT. Thus, for diagnosis of FS, the treating physician can refer to CHLA as well as CHLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Rae Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byong Hyon Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keum Nae Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Uk Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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Hagiwara Y, Hamada J, Ando A, Kanazawa K, Yabe Y, Itoi E. Recovery of Range of Motion and Decrease in Pain after Progression of Supraspinatus Tendon Tear: A Case Report. Open Orthop J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874325001913010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff disease is one of the most prevalent shoulder disabilities especially in the elderly population. Tear progression is significantly greater in the symptomatic patients than in the asymptomatic ones. From these aspects, shoulder surgeons interpret surgical indications and counsel patients regarding the risk of non-operative treatments. However, there were a few reports that pain and duration of symptoms were not strongly associated with severity of rotator cuff tears, and non-operative management with physical therapy was effective. There have remained controversies for the treatment of rotator cuff tears.A 59-year-old man with a sedentary work life experienced right shoulder pain with abduction at night. However, the pain kept worsening after two months, and he finally visited our clinic three months after the onset of pain. Magnetic resonance imaging in the coronal and axial planes showed effusion around the subacromial and subcoracoid bursae and joint-side tear of the supraspinatus tendon. A range of motion in the right shoulder was severely restricted at the initial visit of our clinic. After sufficient rehabilitation, the symptoms were not changed and an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was scheduled. However, during waiting for surgery, he felt something popped in the right shoulder while wearing a jacket. Immediately after this, pain during motion and at night decreased, and he experienced no difficulty with activities of daily living and the surgery was cancelled. This is the first case with a recovery of range of motion and a decrease in pain after progression of a supraspinatus tendon tear.
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