1
|
Pino-Sandoval DA, Cantú-Cárdenas ME, Rodríguez-González V, Patrón-Soberano OA, Rosas-Castor JM, Murillo-Sierra JC, Hernández-Ramírez A. Solar heterogeneous photo-Fenton for complete inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in secondary-treated wastewater effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140132. [PMID: 37690560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, complete elimination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was achieved in 120 min using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process under sunlight at pH 6.5 in distilled water. A face-centered composite central design 22 with one categoric factor and three replicates at the central point was used to evaluate the effect of iron (III) oxide concentration (0.8-3.4 mg L-1), H2O2 (2-10 mg L-1), and the type of iron oxide phase (maghemite and hematite) on the inactivation of both bacteria. The results showed that the amount of catalyst, H2O2 concentration and their interaction were significant factors (p < 0.05) in the elimination of the microorganisms. Thus, under the best conditions (3.4 mg L-1 of iron (III) oxide and 10 mg L-1 of H2O2) in the experimental ranges, complete inactivation of E. coli and S. typhimurium was achieved (6-log reduction) in 120 min using the photo-Fenton treatment with both iron-oxide phases. Furthermore, the photocatalytic elimination of both bacteria by the photo-Fenton process using hematite and maghemite in secondary-treated wastewater effluent was performed obtaining slower inactivation rates (1.2-5.9 times) than in distilled water due to the matrix effect of the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. Nevertheless, the process continued to be effective in the effluent, achieving complete bacterial elimination in 150 min using the hematite phase. Additionally, the SEM images of the bacterial cells showed that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment generated permanent and irreversible cell damage, resulting in complete cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pino-Sandoval
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Universidad Politécnica de Apodaca, Av. Politécnica No. 2331, El Barretal, Apodaca, C. P. 66600, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - M Elena Cantú-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-González
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados, Camino a La Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - O Araceli Patrón-Soberano
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados, Camino a La Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - J Martín Rosas-Castor
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - J Camilo Murillo-Sierra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aracely Hernández-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mgidlana S, Sen P, Nyokong T. Dual action of asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanines conjugated to silver tungstate nanoparticles towards photodegradation of tetracycline and inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Kesar S, Bhatti MS. Chlorination of secondary treated wastewater with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl): An effective single alternate to other disinfectants. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11162. [PMID: 36387561 PMCID: PMC9647433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study provides details about the usefulness of chlorination in the recovery effluents of sewage, and to make it useable for irrigation purposes. Chlorination is one of the effective simplified, and cost-effective traditional methods for disinfection. The study was done for the period of March, 2019 to February, 2020. The disinfection process was optimized by adding sodium hypochlorite to the secondary treated effluents with the help of jar apparatus at a mixing speed of 100 rpm. To optimize the various process variables such as dose, and contact time, several concentrations of NaOCl (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.0) ppm were carefully chosen at different time intervals of 15, 30, and 60 min respectively, which were centered on the foregoing studies. The factors like seasonal variation on MPN index of total coliforms (TCs), CR ∗ T concept, and effect of pH on log elimination of TCs, outcome of pH with rate constant (k), and results of pH against dilution coefficient (n) was also studied. The Chick–Watson, Rennecker–Marinas, Collin–Selleck, and modified Selleck models have shown good reliability to the experimental data of chlorine disinfection to be fit into these kinetic models for the treatment of sewage wastewater. The upgraded CR ∗ T values were attained by using disinfection models. Among these four models, the kinetic modeling by Collin–Selleck, and Selleck–White was investigated as the best modeling to be fitted more finely to the chlorination experimental data to count for the effectiveness of NaOCl. The selected indicator organism in the optimization process of chlorine was Total coliforms (TCs). The residual chlorine and most probable number per log unit (Log) for TCs were measured before the start and after the termination of the disinfection process. The World Health Organization (WHO) standard for pathogenic removal from wastewater, and to irrigate the crops is 3- to 4-log and the chlorine residual under 1 mg/l limit was accomplished. Efficient removal of total coliforms (TCs) with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at 1.5 ppm concentrations during the time period of 15 min. with one-step chlorination. The chlorine residual maintenance under target value 1 mg/l. CR∗ T concept studied in detail. The effect of pH on log removal rate of TCs, on rate of constant (k), and on dilution coefficient (n) was evaluated. Seasonal variations of MPN discussed. The Chick–Watson, Rennecker–Marinas, Collin–selleck, and Whites’ modified kinetic modeling was applied to the secondary treated wastewater data for coliform removals, and to determine the effectiveness of the disinfectant.
Collapse
|
4
|
Comparative analysis of separation methods used for the elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from water – A critical review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
5
|
Towards the Implementation of Circular Economy in the Wastewater Sector: Challenges and Opportunities. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of science has facilitated increase in the human lifespan, reflected in economic and population growth, which unfortunately leads to increased exploitation of resources. This situation entails not only depletion of resources, but also increases environmental pollution, mainly due to atmospheric emissions, wastewater effluents, and solid wastes. In this scenario, it is compulsory to adopt a paradigm change, as far as the consumption of resources by the population is concerned, to achieve a circular economy. The recovery and reuse of resources are key points, leading to a decrease in the consumption of raw materials, waste reduction, and improvement of energy efficiency. This is the reason why the concept of the circular economy can be applied in any industrial activity, including the wastewater treatment sector. With this in view, this review manuscript focuses on demonstrating the challenges and opportunities in applying a circular economy in the water sector. For example, reclamation and reuse of wastewater to increase water resources, by paying particular attention to the risks for human health, recovery of nutrients, or highly added-value products (e.g., metals and biomolecules among others), valorisation of sewage sludge, and/or recovery of energy. Being aware of this situation, in the European, Union 18 out of 27 countries are already reusing reclaimed wastewater at some level. Moreover, many wastewater treatment plants have reached energy self-sufficiency, producing up to 150% of their energy requirements. Unfortunately, many of the opportunities presented in this work are far from becoming a reality. Still, the first step is always to become aware of the problem and work on optimizing the solution to make it possible.
Collapse
|
6
|
De la Obra Jiménez I, López JLC, Ibáñez GR, García BE, Pérez JAS. Kinetic assessment of antibiotic resistant bacteria inactivation by solar photo-Fenton in batch and continuous flow mode for wastewater reuse. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:184-191. [PMID: 31096065 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in municipal wastewater treatment plants represents a real risk to human health. For the first time, this paper shows that the inactivation rate of cefotaxime resistant bacteria is the same as total bacteria when secondary effluents are treated by the solar photo-Fenton process. To obtain this result, an exhaustive and comparative kinetic study on the inactivation of both total and cefotaxime resistant bacteria (Total coliform, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp) was carried out, taking into account the effects of the main operation conditions, such as solar irradiance and iron concentration, and operation mode (batch and continuous). In all the operation conditions studied, no significant differences were found between the first order inactivation rate constants, ki, of total and cefotaxime resistant bacteria. Additionally, ki increased with solar irradiance and iron concentration. As for the effect of the operation mode, the main finding of this work is much quicker inactivation in continuous flow mode than in batch mode, pointing out its potential application at large scale. The best continuous operation condition to inactivate the bacteria to the detection limit (1 CFU mL-1), was at 22.4 min of hydraulic residence time with 5 mg Fe2+ L-1 and 30 mg H2O2·L-1. This treatment time is approximately a third of that reported in batch mode. The efficiency, in terms of figure of merits, of the continuous flow operation was 2.7 m2 of solar collector area to reduce one log of E. coli concentration per m3 of treated water and per hour, in comparison with 2137 m2 calculated for batch operation under the same solar UVA irradiance, 30 W m-2. This paper encourages research into continuous solar disinfection processes due to its enhanced efficiency with regard to the commonly used batch wise operation and shows that efficient removal of total bacteria ensures the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I De la Obra Jiménez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Casas López
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - G Rivas Ibáñez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Plataforma Solar de Almería, CIEMAT, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - B Esteban García
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Using agro-industrial wastes for the cultivation of microalgae and duckweeds: Contamination risks and biomass safety concerns. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1238-1254. [PMID: 29673973 PMCID: PMC7125918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms, such as microalgae (Chlorella, Arthrospira (Spirulina), Tetrasselmis, Dunalliela etc.) and duckweed (Lemna spp., Wolffia spp. etc.) are a potential source for the production of protein-rich biomass and for numerous other high-value compounds (fatty acids, pigments, vitamins etc.). Their cultivation using agro-industrial wastes and wastewater (WaW) is of particular interest in the context of a circular economy, not only for recycling valuable nutrients but also for reducing the requirements for fresh water for the production of biomass. Recovery and recycling of nutrients is an unavoidable long-term approach for securing future food and feed production. Agro-industrial WaW are rich in nutrients and have been widely considered as a potential nutrient source for the cultivation of microalgae/duckweed. However, they commonly contain various hazardous contaminants, which could potentially taint the produced biomass, raising various concerns about the safety of their consumption. Herein, an overview of the most important contaminants, including heavy metals and metalloids, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites etc.), and xenobiotics (hormones, antibiotics, parasiticides etc.) is given. It is concluded that pretreatment and processing of WaW is a requisite step for the removal of several contaminants. Among the various technologies, anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used in practice and offers a technologically mature approach for WaW treatment. During AD, various organic and biological contaminants are significantly removed. Further removal of contaminants could be achieved by post-treatment and processing of digestates (solid/liquid separation, dilution etc.) to further decrease the concentration of contaminants. Moreover, during cultivation an additional removal may occur through various mechanisms, such as precipitation, degradation, and biotransformation. Since many jurisdictions regulate the presence of various contaminants in feed or food setting strict safety monitoring processes, it would be of particular interest to initiate a multi-disciplinary discussion whether agro-industrial WaW ought to be used to cultivate microalgae/duckweed for feed or food production and identify most feasible options for doing this safely. Based on the current body of knowledge it is estimated that AD and post-treatment of WaW can lower significantly the risks associated with heavy metals and pathogens, but it is yet unclear to what extent this is the case for certain persistent xenobiotics.
Collapse
|
8
|
Endo M, Wei Z, Wang K, Karabiyik B, Yoshiiri K, Rokicka P, Ohtani B, Markowska-Szczupak A, Kowalska E. Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:829-841. [PMID: 29600144 PMCID: PMC5852454 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Commercial titania photocatalysts were modified with silver and gold by photodeposition, and characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It was found that silver co-existed in zero valent (core) and oxidized (shell) forms, whereas gold was mainly zero valent. The obtained noble metal-modified samples were examined with regard to antibacterial (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Aspergillus melleus (A. melleus), Penicillium chrysogenum (P. chrysogenum), Candida albicans (C. albicans)) activity under visible-light irradiation and in the dark using disk diffusion, suspension, colony growth ("poisoned food") and sporulation methods. It was found that silver-modified titania, besides remarkably high antibacterial activity (inhibition of bacterial proliferation), could also decompose bacterial cells under visible-light irradiation, possibly due to an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species and the intrinsic properties of silver. Gold-modified samples were almost inactive against bacteria in the dark, whereas significant bactericidal effect under visible-light irradiation suggested that the mechanism of bacteria inactivation was initiated by plasmonic excitation of titania by localized surface plasmon resonance of gold. The antifungal activity tests showed efficient suppression of mycelium growth by bare titania, and suppression of mycotoxin generation and sporulation by gold-modified titania. Although, the growth of fungi was hardly inhibited through disc diffusion (inhibition zones around discs), it indicates that gold does not penetrate into the media, and thus, a good stability of plasmonic photocatalysts has been confirmed. In summary, it was found that silver-modified titania showed superior antibacterial activity, whereas gold-modified samples were very active against fungi, suggesting that bimetallic photocatalysts containing both gold and silver should exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Endo
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhishun Wei
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Kunlei Wang
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, N10 W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Baris Karabiyik
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshiiri
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, N10 W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Paulina Rokicka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Institute of Inorganic Technology and Environment Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bunsho Ohtani
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, N10 W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Agata Markowska-Szczupak
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Institute of Inorganic Technology and Environment Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kowalska
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, N10 W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Ruiz-Aguirre A, Polo-López MI, Fernández-Ibáñez P, Zaragoza G. Integration of Membrane Distillation with solar photo-Fenton for purification of water contaminated with Bacillus sp. and Clostridium sp. spores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:110-118. [PMID: 28384567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although Membrane Distillation (MD) has been extensively studied for desalination, it has other applications like removing all kinds of solutes from water and concentrating non-volatile substances. MD offers the possibility of producing a clean stream while concentrating valuable compounds from waste streams towards their recovery, or emerging contaminants and pathogens present in wastewater in order to facilitate their chemical elimination. This paper analyses the elimination of bacterial spores from contaminated water with MD and the role of MD in the subsequent treatment of the concentrate with photo-Fenton process. The experiments were performed at Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA) using a plate and frame bench module with a Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD) configuration. Tests were done for two different kinds of spores in two different water matrixes: distilled water with 3.5wt% of sea salts contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and wastewater after a secondary treatment and still contaminated with Clostridium sp. spores. An analysis of the permeate was performed in all cases to determine its purity, as well as the concentrated stream and its further treatment in order to assess the benefits of using MD. Results showed a permeate free of spores in all the cases, demonstrating the viability of MD to treat biological contaminated wastewater for further use in agriculture. Moreover, the results obtained after treating the concentrate with photo-Fenton showed a shorter treatment time for the reduction of the spore concentration in the water than that when only photo-Fenton was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Aguirre
- Universidad de Almería - CIESOL, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - M I Polo-López
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. de Senés s/n, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Ibáñez
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, School of Engineering, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - G Zaragoza
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. de Senés s/n, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giannakis S, Voumard M, Grandjean D, Magnet A, De Alencastro LF, Pulgarin C. Micropollutant degradation, bacterial inactivation and regrowth risk in wastewater effluents: Influence of the secondary (pre)treatment on the efficiency of Advanced Oxidation Processes. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:505-515. [PMID: 27403873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, disinfection by 5 Advanced Oxidation Processes was preceded by 3 different secondary treatment systems present in the wastewater treatment plant of Vidy, Lausanne (Switzerland). 5 AOPs after two biological treatment methods (conventional activated sludge and moving bed bioreactor) and a physiochemical process (coagulation-flocculation) were tested in laboratory scale. The dependence among AOPs efficiency and secondary (pre)treatment was estimated by following the bacterial concentration i) before secondary treatment, ii) after the different secondary treatment methods and iii) after the various AOPs. Disinfection and post-treatment bacterial regrowth were the evaluation indicators. The order of efficiency was Moving Bed Bioreactor > Activated Sludge > Coagulation-Flocculation > Primary Treatment. As far as the different AOPs are concerned, the disinfection kinetics were: UVC/H2O2 > UVC and solar photo-Fenton > Fenton or solar light. The contextualization and parallel study of microorganisms with the micropollutants of the effluents revealed that higher exposure times were necessary for complete degradation compared to microorganisms for the UV-based processes and inversed for the Fenton-related ones. Nevertheless, in the Fenton-related systems, the nominal 80% removal of micropollutants deriving from the Swiss legislation, often took place before the elimination of bacterial regrowth risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Giannakis
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Margaux Voumard
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- ENAC, IIE, Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anoys Magnet
- Sanitation Service, City of Lausanne, Rue des terreaux 33, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Felippe De Alencastro
- ENAC, IIE, Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - César Pulgarin
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsydenova O, Batoev V, Batoeva A. Solar-Enhanced Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: Simultaneous Removal of Pathogens and Chemical Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:9542-61. [PMID: 26287222 PMCID: PMC4555297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The review explores the feasibility of simultaneous removal of pathogens and chemical pollutants by solar-enhanced advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The AOPs are based on in-situ generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), most notably hydroxyl radicals •OH, that are capable of destroying both pollutant molecules and pathogen cells. The review presents evidence of simultaneous removal of pathogens and chemical pollutants by photocatalytic processes, namely TiO2 photocatalysis and photo-Fenton. Complex water matrices with high loads of pathogens and chemical pollutants negatively affect the efficiency of disinfection and pollutant removal. This is due to competition between chemical substances and pathogens for generated ROS. Other possible negative effects include light screening, competitive photon absorption, adsorption on the catalyst surface (thereby inhibiting its photocatalytic activity), etc. Besides, some matrix components may serve as nutrients for pathogens, thus hindering the disinfection process. Each type of water/wastewater would require a tailor-made approach and the variables that were shown to influence the processes-catalyst/oxidant concentrations, incident radiation flux, and pH-need to be adjusted in order to achieve the required degree of pollutant and pathogen removal. Overall, the solar-enhanced AOPs hold promise as an environmentally-friendly way to substitute or supplement conventional water/wastewater treatment, particularly in areas without access to centralized drinking water or sewage/wastewater treatment facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyuna Tsydenova
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanova st. 6, Ulan-Ude City 670047, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Batoev
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanova st. 6, Ulan-Ude City 670047, Russia.
| | - Agniya Batoeva
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanova st. 6, Ulan-Ude City 670047, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giannakis S, Rtimi S, Darakas E, Escalas-Cañellas A, Pulgarin C. Light wavelength-dependent E. coli survival changes after simulated solar disinfection of secondary effluent. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:2238-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solar disinfection ofE. coliwas followed by PHR and dark conditions. The assessment elucidated the relationship between the emitted PHR wavelengths and the survival response in the dark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Giannakis
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Planning
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Sami Rtimi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- Lausanne
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Efthymios Darakas
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Planning
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Antoni Escalas-Cañellas
- Laboratory of Control of Environmental Contamination
- Institute of Textile Research and Industrial Cooperation of Terrassa (INTEXTER)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- 08222 Terrassa
- Spain
| | - César Pulgarin
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- Lausanne
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|