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Matei A, Ernst C, Günl M, Thiele B, Altmüller J, Walbot V, Usadel B, Doehlemann G. How to make a tumour: cell type specific dissection of Ustilago maydis-induced tumour development in maize leaves. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1681-1695. [PMID: 29314018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes smut disease on maize (Zea mays), which is characterized by immense plant tumours. To establish disease and reprogram organ primordia to tumours, U. maydis deploys effector proteins in an organ-specific manner. However, the cellular contribution to leaf tumours remains unknown. We investigated leaf tumour formation at the tissue- and cell type-specific levels. Cytology and metabolite analysis were deployed to understand the cellular basis for tumourigenesis. Laser-capture microdissection was performed to gain a cell type-specific transcriptome of U. maydis during tumour formation. In vivo visualization of plant DNA synthesis identified bundle sheath cells as the origin of hyperplasic tumour cells, while mesophyll cells become hypertrophic tumour cells. Cell type-specific transcriptome profiling of U. maydis revealed tailored expression of fungal effector genes. Moreover, U. maydis See1 was identified as the first cell type-specific fungal effector, being required for induction of cell cycle reactivation in bundle sheath cells. Identification of distinct cellular mechanisms in two different leaf cell types and of See1 as an effector for induction of proliferation of bundle sheath cells are major steps in understanding U. maydis-induced tumour formation. Moreover, the cell type-specific U. maydis transcriptome data are a valuable resource to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Matei
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), BioCenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, NRW, 50931, Germany
| | - Markus Günl
- Plant Sciences, IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen Str, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Plant Sciences, IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen Str, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany
| | - Virginia Walbot
- Department of Biology MC5020, Stanford University, 385 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Björn Usadel
- BioSC, IBG-2, Institute for Botany, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, Aachen, 52078, Germany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), BioCenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, Cologne, 50674, Germany
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