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Bose M, Lampe M, Mahamid J, Ephrussi A. Liquid-to-solid phase transition of oskar ribonucleoprotein granules is essential for their function in Drosophila embryonic development. Cell 2022; 185:1308-1324.e23. [PMID: 35325593 PMCID: PMC9042795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric localization of oskar ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules to the oocyte posterior is crucial for abdominal patterning and germline formation in the Drosophila embryo. We show that oskar RNP granules in the oocyte are condensates with solid-like physical properties. Using purified oskar RNA and scaffold proteins Bruno and Hrp48, we confirm in vitro that oskar granules undergo a liquid-to-solid phase transition. Whereas the liquid phase allows RNA incorporation, the solid phase precludes incorporation of additional RNA while allowing RNA-dependent partitioning of client proteins. Genetic modification of scaffold granule proteins or tethering the intrinsically disordered region of human fused in sarcoma (FUS) to oskar mRNA allowed modulation of granule material properties in vivo. The resulting liquid-like properties impaired oskar localization and translation with severe consequences on embryonic development. Our study reflects how physiological phase transitions shape RNA-protein condensates to regulate the localization and expression of a maternal RNA that instructs germline formation. oskar RNP granules in the developing oocyte are solid-like condensates oskar RNP granules undergo liquid-to-solid phase transition in vitro The liquid phase incorporates mRNA, while the solid phase enriches specific proteins Perturbing the solid state impairs oskar localization, translation, and development
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bose
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Marko Lampe
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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2
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Bauer KE, Segura I, Gaspar I, Scheuss V, Illig C, Ammer G, Hutten S, Basyuk E, Fernández-Moya SM, Ehses J, Bertrand E, Kiebler MA. Live cell imaging reveals 3'-UTR dependent mRNA sorting to synapses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3178. [PMID: 31320644 PMCID: PMC6639396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA transport restricts translation to specific subcellular locations, which is the basis for many cellular functions. However, the precise process of mRNA sorting to synapses in neurons remains elusive. Here we use Rgs4 mRNA to investigate 3′-UTR-dependent transport by MS2 live-cell imaging. The majority of observed RNA granules display 3′-UTR independent bidirectional transport in dendrites. Importantly, the Rgs4 3′-UTR causes an anterograde transport bias, which requires the Staufen2 protein. Moreover, the 3′-UTR mediates dynamic, sustained mRNA recruitment to synapses. Visualization at high temporal resolution enables us to show mRNA patrolling dendrites, allowing transient interaction with multiple synapses, in agreement with the sushi-belt model. Modulation of neuronal activity by either chemical silencing or local glutamate uncaging regulates both the 3′-UTR-dependent transport bias and synaptic recruitment. This dynamic and reversible mRNA recruitment to active synapses would allow translation and synaptic remodeling in a spatially and temporally adaptive manner. Asymmetric subcellular mRNA distribution is important for local translation of neuronal mRNAs. Here the authors employed MS2 live-cell imaging and showed that the reporter mRNA containing the 3’ UTR of Rgs4 shows an anterograde transport bias, dependent on neuronal activity and the protein Staufen2, and mediates sustained mRNA recruitment to synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E Bauer
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Inmaculada Segura
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Imre Gaspar
- EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Scheuss
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christin Illig
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Georg Ammer
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,MPI of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eugénia Basyuk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5535, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Génétique Humaine de Montpellier, CNRS UMR9002, Université de Montpellier, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra M Fernández-Moya
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Janina Ehses
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5535, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Heber S, Gáspár I, Tants JN, Günther J, Moya SMF, Janowski R, Ephrussi A, Sattler M, Niessing D. Staufen2-mediated RNA recognition and localization requires combinatorial action of multiple domains. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1659. [PMID: 30971701 PMCID: PMC6477676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout metazoans, Staufen (Stau) proteins are core factors of mRNA localization particles. They consist of three to four double-stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) and a C-terminal dsRBD-like domain. Mouse Staufen2 (mStau2)-like Drosophila Stau (dmStau) contains four dsRBDs. Existing data suggest that only dsRBDs 3-4 are necessary and sufficient for mRNA binding. Here, we show that dsRBDs 1 and 2 of mStau2 bind RNA with similar affinities and kinetics as dsRBDs 3 and 4. While RNA binding by these tandem domains is transient, all four dsRBDs recognize their target RNAs with high stability. Rescue experiments in Drosophila oocytes demonstrate that mStau2 partially rescues dmStau-dependent mRNA localization. In contrast, a rescue with mStau2 bearing RNA-binding mutations in dsRBD1-2 fails, confirming the physiological relevance of our findings. In summary, our data show that the dsRBDs 1-2 play essential roles in the mRNA recognition and function of Stau-family proteins of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Heber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 89081 Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Imre Gáspár
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan-Niklas Tants
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair of Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Günther
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair of Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Sandra M Fernandez Moya
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair of Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Department Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 89081 Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Gaspar I, Wippich F, Ephrussi A. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Production of Labeled Probes for Single-molecule FISH or RNA Capture. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2750. [PMID: 34179277 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrays of short, singly-labeled ssDNA oligonucleotides enable in situ hybridization with single molecule sensitivity and efficient transcript specific RNA capture. Here, we describe a simple, enzymatic protocol that can be carried out using basic laboratory equipment to convert arrays of PCR oligos into smFISH and RAP probesets in a quantitative, cost-efficient and flexible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Gaspar
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Germany
| | - Frank Wippich
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Germany
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Germany
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