1
|
Garduno LS. How Influential are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Youths?: Analyzing the Immediate and Lagged Effect of ACEs on Deviant Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:683-700. [PMID: 35958707 PMCID: PMC9360381 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on antisocial behaviors is well established in the literature, limited research, if any, has analyzed the effect that ACEs have on behaviors at two different times. Limited research also has analyzed the effect that specific ACEs have on deviant behaviors after statistically controlling for respondents' protective factors. This study expands the literature in this area by analyzing in a sample of 555 adolescents the immediate and lagged effect that individual ACEs, and exposure to a number of ACEs, have on three deviant behaviors after controlling for respondents' protective factors not previously examined in ACEs studies. Results obtained from multivariate logistic regression models revealed that stealing things was predicted by being hit hard, being sexually molested, and having lived with a depressed or suicidal individual; and receiving threats over the internet predicted physical fights. Only being hit hard and living with an alcoholic had a lagged effect on smoking marijuana. Results also showed that the protective factors of school connection, anger management skills, and parental supervision reduced the effect of ACEs on the behaviors analyzed. Research, theory, and policy implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Sergio Garduno
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and Criminology, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Opara I, Lardier DT, Fernandez Y, Garcia-Reid P, Reid RJ. Intrapersonal psychological empowerment profiles on ethnic identity, social support, and lifetime drug use among Hispanic adolescent girls. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:886-913. [PMID: 32787746 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1803780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The abbreviated Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS-Y) factor structure, used to measure intrapersonal psychological empowerment, was tested among a sample of Hispanic adolescent girls (N = 490). Confirmatory factor analysis and latent class analyses were conducted, and five distinct cluster groups emerged. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine conceptually related variables and support the two-factor structure and validity of the scale. Participants with higher levels of intrapersonal psychological empowerment also had high social support, ethnic identity, and lower levels of alcohol and drug use. Findings support the use of the scale on Hispanic adolescent girls and contribute to alcohol and drug use prevention research.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wheeler LA, Zeiders KH, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Rodríguez de Jesús SA, Perez-Brena NJ. Mexican-origin youth's risk behavior from adolescence to young adulthood: The role of familism values. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:126-137. [PMID: 28026193 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Engagement in risk behavior has implications for individuals' academic achievement, health, and well-being, yet there is a paucity of developmental research on the role of culturally relevant strengths in individual and family differences in risk behavior involvement among ethnic minority youth. In this study, we used a longitudinal cohort-sequential design to chart intraindividual trajectories of risk behavior and test variation by gender and familism values in 492 youth from 12 to 22 years of age. Participants were older and younger siblings from 246 Mexican-origin families who reported on their risk behaviors in interviews spaced over 8 years. Multilevel cohort-sequential growth models revealed that youth reported an increase in risk behavior from 12 to 18 years of age, and then a decline to age 22. Male youth reported greater overall levels and a steeper increase in risk behavior from ages 12 to 18, compared to female youth. For familism values, on occasions when youth reported higher levels, they also reported lower levels of risk behavior (i.e., within-person effect). For sibling dyads characterized by higher average levels of familism values, youth reported lower average levels of risk behavior (i.e., between-family effect). Findings provide unique insights into risk behavior from adolescence to young adulthood among Mexican-origin youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorey A Wheeler
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Calzada EJ, Huang KY, Linares-Torres H, Singh SD, Brotman L. Maternal Familismo and early childhood functioning in Mexican and Dominican immigrant families. JOURNAL OF LATINA/O PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 2:156-171. [PMID: 25436179 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A large theoretical and empirical literature documents the central role of familismo (i.e., a strong emphasis on family) in the functioning of Latino youth. Few studies, however, have examined its association with early childhood functioning. The present study explored the potential risk and protective effects of maternal familismo on the adaptive and mental health functioning of 4 - 5 year old Latino children. A sample of 205 Mexican and 147 Dominican immigrant families was recruited from New York City. Mothers reported on their level of familismo, and acculturative status. Mothers and teachers rated child adaptive behavior and internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings suggest that maternal familismo is not uniformly associated with positive or negative early developmental outcomes but that its effects are moderated by child gender, family poverty and cultural (e.g., maternal ethnic and US American identity) characteristics. In addition, different mechanisms were identified for each ethnic group. Familismo was associated both positively (for boys) and negatively (for poor children) with adaptive behavior in the Mexican American sample. In the Dominican American sample, familismo showed a wide range of positive, albeit moderated, effects. Prevention efforts that help parents critically evaluate the impact of familismo on family processes, and preserve those manifestations of familismo that are protective, may best promote Latino child well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Calzada
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Keng-Yen Huang
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Heliana Linares-Torres
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - S Diana Singh
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Laurie Brotman
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marschall-Lévesque S, Castellanos-Ryan N, Vitaro F, Séguin JR. Moderators of the association between peer and target adolescent substance use. Addict Behav 2014; 39:48-70. [PMID: 24183303 PMCID: PMC3858300 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Associating with substance using peers is generally considered as one of the most important predictors of adolescent substance use. However, peer association does not affect all adolescents in the same way. To better understand when and under what conditions peer association is most linked with adolescent substance use (SU), this review focuses on the factors that may operate as moderators of this association. The review highlighted several potential moderators reflecting adolescents' individual characteristics (e.g., pubertal status, genes and personality), peer and parental factors (e.g., nature of relationships and parental monitoring), and contextual factors (e.g., peer, school and neighborhood context). As peer association is a broad concept, important methodological aspects were also addressed in order to illustrate how they can potentially bias interpretation. Taking these into account, we suggest that, while the effects of some moderators are clear (e.g., parental monitoring and sensation seeking), others are less straightforward (e.g., neighborhood) and need to be further examined. This review also provides recommendations for addressing different methodological concerns in the study of moderators, including: the use of longitudinal and experimental studies and the use of mediated moderation. These will be key for developing theory and effective prevention.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tolan P, Lovegrove P, Clark E. Stress mitigation to promote development of prosocial values and school engagement of inner-city urban African American and Latino youth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2013; 83:289-98. [PMID: 23889020 DOI: 10.1111/ajop.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies of predictors of development of young men of color have been primarily focused on factors that impede positive development rather than factors that promote it. There are also few examples of longitudinal studies of positive development of this population and few that consider multiple protective factors simultaneously. Little is also known about how such positive outcomes might relate to prediction of problematic functioning. This study tests a developmental-ecological framework of positive and risky development among a sample of young men of color growing up in high-risk urban environments. African American and Latino adolescent males (148 African American, 193 Latino) were followed from early to late adolescence. Stress in early adolescence was related to school engagement and prosocial values as well as depressive symptoms and problems assessed 2 years later. The role of family and individual protective factors as direct effects and as mitigating the stress-outcome relation were also tested. Stress predicted problem outcomes but not positive functioning. Early engagement in prosocial activities and coping skills did predict positive outcomes. In contrast, problem outcomes were predicted directly by stress, with some indication of interaction with some protective factors for both such outcomes. Overall results suggest value in focusing on positive outcomes along with negative outcomes, as they are not the antithesis and have some shared but some different predictors. Implications for supporting positive development are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tolan
- UVA Center to Promote Effective Youth Development, University of Virginia, PO Box 400281, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oglesby WH, Corwin SJ, Saunders RP, Torres ME, Richter DL. Associations Between School Perceptions and Tobacco Use in a Sample of Southern Middle School Students. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.724280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
Social representations of the development of intelligence, parental values and parenting styles: a theoretical model for analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-012-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Andrews JA, Hampson S, Peterson M. Early adolescent cognitions as predictors of heavy alcohol use in high school. Addict Behav 2011; 36:448-55. [PMID: 21195554 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study predicts heavy alcohol use across the high school years (aged 14 through 18) from cognitions regarding the use of alcohol assessed in middle school. Using Latent Growth Modeling, we examined a structural model using data from 1011 participants in the Oregon Youth Substance Use Project. In this model, social images and descriptive norms regarding alcohol use in grade 7 were related to willingness and intention to drink alcohol in grade 8 and these variables were subsequently related to the intercept and slope of extent of heavy drinking across the high school years (grades 9 through 12). Across the sample, both descriptive norms and social images influenced the intercept of heavy drinking (in the 9th grade) through willingness to drink alcohol. Multiple sample analyses showed that social images also were directly related to the intercept of heavy drinking, for girls only. Results suggest that cognitions regarding alcohol use in middle school predict subsequent heavy drinking in high school. These findings emphasize the need for prevention programs targeting changing students' social images and encouraging a more accurate perception of peers' use when students are in middle school.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schinke SP, Fang L, Cole KC, Cohen-Cutler S. Preventing substance use among Black and Hispanic adolescent girls: results from a computer-delivered, mother-daughter intervention approach. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:35-45. [PMID: 21190404 PMCID: PMC3057911 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.521074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This 2008 study involved 546 Black and Hispanic American adolescent girls and their mothers from New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Participants provided self-report data. Analysis of covariance indicated that the experimental intervention reduced risk factors, improved protective factors, and lowered girls' alcohol use and their future intentions to use substances. The study supports the value of computer-based and gender-specific interventions that involve girls and their mothers. Future work needs to replicate and strengthen study results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Schinke
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Myers R, Chou CP, Sussman S, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Pachon H, Valente TW. Acculturation and substance use: social influence as a mediator among Hispanic alternative high school youth. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2009; 50:164-79. [PMID: 19537458 PMCID: PMC4181567 DOI: 10.1177/002214650905000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that acculturation increases the risk of substance use among Hispanic youth. However, this process is not well understood. This study examined associations between acculturation and several substance use indicators among a sample of 714 Hispanic youth attending alternative high schools in southern California. Peer social influence was assessed as a potential mediator. Acculturation, measured by language use, was associated with increased risk of lifetime alcohol, marijuana, and current alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and hard drug use, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, and gender. Results of mediation analyses indicate that peer social influence mediated the relationship between acculturation and lifetime alcohol and current alcohol, cigarettes, and hard drug use. Evidence for partial mediation was observed with lifetime and current marijuana use. These results provide evidence that peer social influence is an important mediating variable that should be considered when examining the relationship between acculturation and substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Myers
- University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law, 332 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0730, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
SPOONER CATHERINE. Causes and correlates of adolescent drug abuse and implications for treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09595239996329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
13
|
Germán M, Gonzales NA, Dumka L. Familism Values as a Protective Factor for Mexican-origin Adolescents Exposed to Deviant Peers. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2009; 29:16-42. [PMID: 21776180 PMCID: PMC3138713 DOI: 10.1177/0272431608324475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined interactive relations between adolescent, maternal and paternal familism values and deviant peer affiliations in predicting adolescent externalizing problems within low-income, Mexican-origin families (N = 598). Adolescent, maternal and paternal familism values interacted protectively with deviant peer affiliations to predict lower levels of externalizing problems according to two independent teacher reports. These relations were not found with parent reports of adolescent externalizing problems although these models showed a direct, protective effect of maternal familism values. Consistent with the view that traditional cultural values are protective for Latino adolescents, these results suggest that supporting familism values among Mexican-origin groups is a useful avenue for improving adolescent conduct problems, particularly in a school context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguelina Germán
- Miguelina Germán, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Nancy A. Gonzales, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Larry Dumka, Department of Family and Human Development, Arizona State University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ndiaye K, Hecht ML, Wagstaff DA, Elek E. Mexican-heritage preadolescents' ethnic identification and perceptions of substance use. Subst Use Misuse 2009; 44:1160-82. [PMID: 19938936 PMCID: PMC2892823 DOI: 10.1080/10826080802544133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between ethnic identification and substance use for 1,346 Mexican-heritage preadolescents in a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded study in Phoenix, Arizona (2004-2005). Participants ranged from 9 to 13 years old, 49% reported their gender as male, 33% self-identified as Mexican, and 67% as Mexican American, and 91% of the students reported taking part in the free or reduced-price lunch program. Questionnaire responses were analyzed by fitting regression models. Analyses showed that ethnic identification may play a protective role, with stronger ethnic identification related to more antidrug norms, less positive drug expectations, stronger refusal efficacy, and less intent to use substances. While gender did not significantly moderate the relationships, ethnic identification appears more broadly related to antisubstance-use norms for Mexican-born than U.S.-born participants. This study presents important implications for substance-use prevention research among Mexican heritage preadolescents. Finally, limitations of the study are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadidiatou Ndiaye
- Michigan State University, Department of Communication, 479 Communication Arts Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arends-Tóth J, Van de Vijver FJ. Family Relationships among Immigrants and Majority Members in the Netherlands: The Role of Acculturation. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Gonzales NA, Germán M, Kim SY, George P, Fabrett FC, Millsap R, Dumka LE. Mexican American adolescents' cultural orientation, externalizing behavior and academic engagement: the role of traditional cultural values. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2008; 41:151-64. [PMID: 18085435 PMCID: PMC3128503 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-007-9152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study of 598 7th grade students of Mexican origin examined the role of traditional cultural values as a mediator of the effects of immigrant status, Mexican cultural orientation and Anglo cultural orientation on adolescent externalizing behavior and academic engagement. Immigrant status of adolescents and their maternal caregivers uniquely predicted increased Mexican cultural orientation and decreased Anglo cultural orientation, and both Mexican and Anglo cultural orientation related positively to adolescents' endorsement of traditional cultural values. Endorsement of traditional cultural values related, in turn, to decreased externalizing behaviors and increased academic engagement and these findings were replicated across adolescent and teacher report of these two outcomes. Tests of mediation provided further evidence to support these pathways. Findings support the central importance of traditional cultural values as a protective resource that explains why immigrant youth exhibit fewer externalizing problems and increased academic engagement when compared to their second and third generation peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Losoya SH, Knight GP, Chassin L, Little M, Vargas-Chanes D, Mauricio A, Piquero A. TRAJECTORIES OF ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION IN RELATION TO HEAVY EPISODIC DRINKING AND MARIJUANA USE IN A SAMPLE OF MEXICAN AMERICAN SERIOUS JUVENILE OFFENDERS. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2008; 38:171-198. [PMID: 20198119 PMCID: PMC2829873 DOI: 10.1177/002204260803800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the longitudinal relations of multiple dimensions of acculturation and enculturation to heavy episodic drinking and marijuana use in a sample of 300 male, Mexican-American, serious juvenile offenders. We track trajectories between ages 15 and 20 and also consider the effects of participants' time spent residing in supervised settings during these years. Results showed some (although not entirely consistent) support for the hypothesis that bicultural adaptation is most functional in terms of lowered substance use involvement. The current findings demonstrate the importance of examining these relations longitudinally and among multiple dimensions of acculturation and enculturation, and they call into question simple models that suggest that greater acculturation is associated with greater substance use among Mexican-American adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra H Losoya
- Sandra H. Losoya, Ph.D., is a research assistant professor of psychology at Arizona State University. George P. Knight, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. Laurie Chassin, Ph.D., is professor of psychology at Arizona State University. Michelle Little, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow in the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University. Anne Marie Mauricio, Ph.D., is a licensed psychologist and a National Institute of Mental Health postdoctoral fellow at the Prevention Resource Center at Arizona State University. Delfino Vargas-Chanes, Ph.D., is a faculty research associate at Arizona State University. Alex R. Piquero, Ph.D., is presidential scholar and professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and City University of New York Graduate Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torres Stone RA, Meyler D. Identifying potential risk and protective factors among non-metropolitan Latino youth: cultural implications for substance use research. J Immigr Minor Health 2007; 9:95-107. [PMID: 17136612 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-006-9019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immigration studies show that the social adaptation of second-generation youth is conditioned by the pace of acculturation among parents and children, cultural and economic barriers, and family and community resources for confronting barriers. This research, however, has primarily focused on the link between acculturation and acculturative stress on Latino adolescents residing in large urban communities. There is a lack of research on the social integration of Latino youth living in rapidly expanding non-metropolitan communities. Consequently, we explored cultural aspects and potential risk and protective factors for early onset of alcohol use for Latino youth. Our findings indicate these rural Latino youth face unique and common stressors compared to urban youth that place them at risk for alcohol use. Cultural expectations surrounding substance use, however, may serve as protective factors to substance use for Latino youth, particularly girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie A Torres Stone
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 711 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sale E, Sambrano S, Springer JF, Peña C, Pan W, Kasim R. Family protection and prevention of alcohol use among Hispanic youth at high risk. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 36:195-205. [PMID: 16389495 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-005-8614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research regarding prevention strategies for Hispanic youth stress the importance of family interventions because of the particular importance of family as a protective factor within the Hispanic community. Starting in 1995, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention conducted the National Cross-Site Evaluation of High Risk Youth Programs, a 5-year drug and alcohol prevention study with a sample of approximately 10,500 youth, including nearly 3,000 Hispanic youth. Youth were surveyed regarding their alcohol use patterns and risk and protective factors, with several measures of family relationships, including family connectedness, family supervision, and parental attitudes toward their child's alcohol use. Analyses indicate that family factors are highly linked to alcohol use among Hispanics, particularly among Hispanic females. Longitudinal growth curve analyses indicate that improving the connections that young Hispanic females have to their parents can have positive long-term effects on delaying or reducing their alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sale
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 5400 Arsenal Street, St. Louis, MO 63139, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marsiglia FF, Kulis S, Hecht ML, Sills S. Ethnicity and ethnic identity as predictors of drug norms and drug use among preadolescents in the US Southwest. Subst Use Misuse 2004; 39:1061-94. [PMID: 15387204 PMCID: PMC3838636 DOI: 10.1081/ja-120038030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the results of research exploring how ethnicity and ethnic identity may "protect" adolescents against drug use and help them form antidrug use norms. This study was conducted in 1998 and is based on a sample of 4364 mostly Mexican American seventh graders residing in a large southwestern city of diverse acculturation statuses. It aims at testing existing findings by conducting the research within the unique geographic and ethnic context of the Southwest region of the United States. This research examines how strength of ethnic identity plays a distinctive role in drug use behavior among the various ethnic groups represented in the sample: Mexican Americans, other Latinos, American Indians, African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites, and those of mixed ethnic backgrounds. Positive ethnic identity (i.e., strong ethnic affiliation, attachment, and pride) was associated with less substance use and stronger antidrug norms in the sample overall. Unexpectedly, the apparently protective effects of positive ethnic identity were generally stronger for non-Hispanic White respondents (a numerical minority group in this sample) than for members of ethnic minority groups. Implications for prevention programs tailored for Mexican/Mexican American students are discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Montoya ID, Atkinson J, McFaden CW. Best Characteristics of Adolescent Gateway Drug Prevention Programs. J Addict Nurs 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10884600390230466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Mandara J, Murray CB. Development of an empirical typology of African American family functioning. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2002; 16:318-337. [PMID: 12238414 DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.16.3.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study empirically identified types of African American families. Adolescents (N = 111) were assessed on family functioning. With cluster analytic methods, 3 types of families were identified. The cohesive-authoritative type was above average on parental education and income, averaged about 2 children, exhibited a high quality of family functioning and high self-esteem in adolescents. The conflictive-authoritarian type had average parental education and income, an average of 2.7 children, exhibited controlling and rigid discipline, and placed a high emphasis on achievement. The defensive-neglectful type was predominately headed by single mothers with below average education and income and averaged about 3 children. Such families displayed chaotic family processes, and adolescents tended to suffer from low self-esteem. The typology exhibited good reliability. The implications of the typology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelani Mandara
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brown SA, D'Amico EJ. Outcomes of alcohol treatment for adolescents. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM, THE RESEARCH SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM, AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON ALCOHOLISM 2002; 15:307-27. [PMID: 11449751 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-306-47193-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The use by adolescents and young adults of alcohol and other drugs continues to be a tremendous problem for this nation. Over 30% of all high school students nationwide report episodes of hazardous drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion), when both moderate and heavy alcohol consumption are associated with a higher risk of alcohol-related medical consequences and accidental injuries for youth. Increased awareness and concern related to adolescent substance use has led to the outgrowth of additional treatment facilities and programs for this age group. The current chapter discusses how developmental factors may impact the assessment process and subsequent treatment for adolescent alcohol use disorders. In addition, outcome research, intervention studies, relapse, and factors that may influence the recovery process are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Brown
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barkin S, Kreiter S, DuRant RH. Exposure to violence and intentions to engage in moralistic violence during early adolescence. J Adolesc 2001; 24:777-89. [PMID: 11790057 DOI: 10.1006/jado.2001.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined young adolescents'intentions to use moralistic violence and their violence exposure, examining male-female differences. Sixth-grade students (n=702) from Georgia middle schools servicing impoverished communities participated. Data were obtained on the students' exposure to violence, family structure and education level, church attendance, gang interest, drug use, and depression status. The dependent variable, intention to use moralistic violence, was measured with an 11-item scale. Linear regression models were run separately for males and females. Males had significantly higher mean intention to use moralistic violence than females (p=0.002). Males reported being exposed to violence more than females, but exposure decreased as attendance to religious services increased. For these 11-12-year-olds, unconventional peer social norms, such as witnessing violence, increased their intention to use violence while involvement in conventional activities, such as church attendance, decreased it. The protective effect was greater for males than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Barkin
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Unger JB, Cruz TB, Rohrbach LA, Ribisl KM, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Chen X, Trinidad DR, Johnson CA. English language use as a risk factor for smoking initiation among Hispanic and Asian American adolescents: evidence for mediation by tobacco-related beliefs and social norms. Health Psychol 2000; 19:403-10. [PMID: 11007148 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.19.5.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation increases the risk of smoking among Hispanic and Asian American adolescents, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. This study examined associations between English language use and smoking among 4,167 Hispanic and 2,836 Asian American adolescents in California. Potential mediators were assessed, including access to cigarettes, perceived consequences, friends' smoking, cigarette offers, refusal self-efficacy, and prevalence estimates of peer smoking. English language use was associated with increased risk of lifetime smoking in both groups. This association became nonsignificant after access, perceived consequences, friends' smoking, and offers were controlled for. The acculturation process (as indicated by English language use) may be associated with smoking-related psychosocial variables, which may lead to an increased risk of experimentation with smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
MacNeil G, Kaufman AV, Dressler WW, LeCroy CW. Psychosocial moderators of substance use among middle school-aged adolescents. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 1999; 29:25-39. [PMID: 10349825 DOI: 10.2190/49r9-08gd-ecuh-dxae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent statistics show a decrease in the overall use of drugs and alcohol in the general population [1]. In sharp contrast to this trend is the indication that adolescents' use of drugs and alcohol is increasing [2]. Because the use of drugs and alcohol can have serious implications for adolescents' physical, emotional, and social development, it is important that human service practitioners working with them understand those factors that influence their substance use, in order to develop effective interventions to deal with this growing problem. This article reports the findings of a study of drug and alcohol use among a sample of 779 adolescents who attended middle schools in a large urban city in the southwest United States. The study examines the relationships between substance use, social support, and a variety of other psychosocial factors. The implications of those relationships for human service practice and research are discussed.
Collapse
|