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Hall A, Barbera M, Lehtisalo J, Antikainen R, Huque H, Laatikainen T, Ngandu T, Soininen H, Stephen R, Strandberg T, Kivipelto M, Anstey KJ, Solomon A. The Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) score as a predictor for cognitive decline and potential surrogate outcome in the FINGER lifestyle randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16238. [PMID: 38323508 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The complex aetiology of Alzheimer's disease suggests prevention potential. Risk scores have potential as risk stratification tools and surrogate outcomes in multimodal interventions targeting specific at-risk populations. The Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) was tested in relation to cognition and its suitability as a surrogate outcome in a multidomain lifestyle randomized controlled trial, in older adults at risk of dementia. METHODS In this post hoc analysis of the Finnish Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), ANU-ADRI was calculated at baseline, 12, and 24 months (n = 1174). The association between ANU-ADRI and cognition (at baseline and over time), the intervention effect on changes in ANU-ADRI, and the potential impact of baseline ANU-ADRI on the intervention effect on changes in cognition were assessed using linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS A higher ANU-ADRI was significantly related to worse cognition, at baseline (e.g., estimate for global cognition [95% confidence interval] was -0.028 [-0.032 to -0.025]) and over the 2-year study (e.g., estimate for 2-year changes in ANU-ADRI and per-year changes in global cognition [95% confidence interval] was -0.068 [-0.026 to -0.108]). No significant beneficial intervention effect was reported for ANU-ADRI, and baseline ANU-ADRI did not significantly affect the response to the intervention on changes in cognition. CONCLUSIONS The ANU-ADRI was effective for the risk prediction of cognitive decline. Risk scores may be crucial for the success of novel dementia prevention strategies, but their algorithm, the target population, and the intervention design should be carefully considered when choosing the appropriate tool for each context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hall
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariagnese Barbera
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hamidul Huque
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocenter Finland, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ruth Stephen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska university hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alina Solomon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Meng X, Su J, Gao T, Ma D, Zhao Y, Fang S, Zhi S, Li H, Sun J. Multidomain interventions based on a life-course model to prevent dementia in at-risk Chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 152:104701. [PMID: 38330865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the time-dependent effect of specific risk factors for dementia, multidomain interventions based on a life-course model might achieve optimal preventive effects against dementia. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multidomain interventions based on a life-course model of modifiable risk factors for dementia in at-risk Chinese older adults. DESIGN This was a two-arm, proof-of-concept, randomized controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We randomly assigned 96 community-dwelling at-risk adults aged 60 years or older in a 1:1 ratio to either the 6-month multidomain intervention group (dementia literacy, physical activity, cognitive training, social activity and optional modules) or the control group (health education). METHODS The primary outcomes were the dementia risk score and cognitive composite Z score. The secondary outcomes included the individual components of the dementia risk score (protective and risk factors) and cognitive composite Z score (global cognition, memory, executive function and language), social isolation (loneliness, social contact, and social participation), dementia literacy and prevention belief. Linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation were used to calculate the outcomes between the groups over time. RESULTS The primary analyses showed that the dementia risk score was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and that the cognitive composite Z score was significantly higher (p = 0.013) in the multidomain intervention group than in the control group. Baseline characteristics did not modify the effects of the multidomain interventions (p value for interaction > 0.05). For secondary outcomes, statistically significant group × time interactions were observed for the protective (p = 0.001) and risk factors (p = 0.049), as well as in executive function (p = 0.020), loneliness (p = 0.029), dementia literacy (p < 0.001) and prevention belief (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Multidomain interventions based on a life-course model are feasible and have the potential to reduce dementia risk and improve cognitive function in at-risk Chinese older adults. REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100053417).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Meng
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Su
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi Municipality, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tianbao Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beian No.2 People's Hospital, Beian, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongfei Ma
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuyan Fang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shengze Zhi
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Gardener SL, Fuller SJ, Naismith SL, Baker L, Kivipelto M, Villemagne VL, Grieve SM, Yates P, Rainey‐Smith SR, Chen J, Thompson B, Armstrong NJ, Fernando MG, Blagojevic Castro C, Meghwar S, Raman R, Gleason A, Ireland C, Clarnette R, Anstey KJ, Taddei K, Garg M, Sohrabi HR, Martins RN. The AUstralian multidomain Approach to Reduce dementia Risk by prOtecting brain health With lifestyle intervention study (AU-ARROW): A study protocol for a single-blind, multi-site, randomized controlled trial. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12466. [PMID: 38596483 PMCID: PMC11002765 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study (FINGER) led to the global dementia risk reduction initiative: World-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS). As part of WW-FINGERS, the Australian AU-ARROW study mirrors aspects of FINGER, as well as US-POINTER. METHOD AU-ARROW is a randomized, single-blind, multisite, 2-year clinical trial (n = 600; aged 55-79). The multimodal lifestyle intervention group will engage in aerobic exercise, resistance training and stretching, dietary advice to encourage MIND diet adherence, BrainHQ cognitive training, and medical monitoring and health education. The Health Education and Coaching group will receive occasional health education sessions. The primary outcome measure is the change in a global composite cognitive score. Extra value will emanate from blood biomarker analysis, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and retinal biomarker tests. DISCUSSION The finalized AU-ARROW protocol is expected to allow development of an evidence-based innovative treatment plan to reduce cognitive decline and dementia risk, and effective transfer of research outcomes into Australian health policy. Highlights Study protocol for a single-blind, randomized controlled trial, the AU-ARROW Study.The AU-ARROW Study is a member of the World-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS) initiative.AU-ARROW's primary outcome measure is change in a global composite cognitive score.Extra significance from amyloid PET imaging, brain MRI, and retinal biomarker tests.Leading to development of an innovative treatment plan to reduce cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Alzheimer's Research AustraliaRalph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research GroupMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stephanie J. Fuller
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Laura Baker
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Karolinska InstitutetSolnaStockholmSweden
- FINGERS Brain Health InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Austin Health, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for Positron Emission TomographyHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- Imaging and Phenotyping Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Paul Yates
- Austin Health, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for Positron Emission TomographyHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey‐Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Alzheimer's Research AustraliaRalph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research GroupMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Healthy AgeingMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Juliana Chen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Nutrition and DieteticsSusan Wakil School of Nursing and MidwiferyCharles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Belinda Thompson
- Department of Health SciencesAustralian Lymphoedema EducationResearch and TreatmentMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Malika G. Fernando
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Carolina Blagojevic Castro
- Alzheimer's Research AustraliaRalph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Healthy AgeingMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Silochna Meghwar
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew Gleason
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeuroscienceCentral Clinical SchoolThe Alfred CentreMonash UniversityVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Roger Clarnette
- The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Manohar Garg
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Alzheimer's Research AustraliaRalph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Healthy AgeingMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Alzheimer's Research AustraliaRalph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Healthy AgeingMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Matovic D, Ahern M, Lei X, Wuthrich VM. The Influence of Traffic Lights Presentation of Dementia Risk Screening Information on Older Adults' Motivations for Risk Reduction in Primary Care Settings. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:70-76. [PMID: 38300886 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed older adults' preferences for how to communicate dementia risk information to maximize motivation for behavior change. METHOD Eighty-nine community-dwelling older adults (aged 61 to 92 years, M=72.93, SD=6.36, 76% women) received dementia risk factor information in 2 formats: "traffic lights" (green=risk absent, amber=risk emerging, and red=risk present) or red/risk-only. Participants reported motivation to change risk-related behaviors, motivation to maintain good health behaviors, liking of the formats, categorical preference for traffic lights versus risk-only formats, reasons for preferences (open-ended), total applicable risks, and Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviour for Dementia Risk Reduction. RESULTS Traffic lights presentation was more motivating ( Z =4.16, P <0.001), more liked ( Z =4.80, P <0.001), and preferred, N Traffic =71, N Red =14, χ 2 (1)=38.22, P <0.001, over risk-only. Self-efficacy and motivation to maintain good health behaviors were significant unique predictors of motivation to change risk-related behaviors following traffic lights presentation over age, sex, education, total applicable risks, perceived susceptibility, cues to action, and liking of the traffic lights presentation format. Themes indicated (1) traffic light presentation is informative and clear, and (2) green-light information increases self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Traffic light presentation increases patient motivation to reduce dementia risk. Green-light information increases self-efficacy. Maximizing motivation through information presentation can decrease dementia prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matovic
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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Cross AJ, Geethadevi GM, Magin P, Baker AL, Bonevski B, Godbee K, Ward SA, Mahal A, Versace V, Bell JS, Mc Namara K, O'Reilly SL, Thomas D, Manias E, Anstey KJ, Varnfield M, Jayasena R, Elliott RA, Lee CY, Walker C, van den Bosch D, Tullipan M, Ferreira C, George J. A novel, multidomain, primary care nurse-led and mHealth-assisted intervention for dementia risk reduction in middle-aged adults (HAPPI MIND): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073709. [PMID: 38114278 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Middle-aged multidomain risk reduction interventions targeting modifiable risk factors for dementia may delay or prevent a third of dementia cases in later life. We describe the protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT), HAPPI MIND (Holistic Approach in Primary care for PreventIng Memory Impairment aNd Dementia). HAPPI MIND will evaluate the efficacy of a multidomain, nurse-led, mHealth supported intervention for assessing dementia risk and reducing associated risk factors in middle-aged adults in the Australian primary care setting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS General practice clinics (n≥26) across Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, will be recruited and randomised. Practice nurses will be trained to implement the HAPPI MIND intervention or a brief intervention. Patients of participating practices aged 45-65 years with ≥2 potential dementia risk factors will be identified and recruited (approximately 15 patients/clinic). Brief intervention participants receive a personalised report outlining their risk factors for dementia based on Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) scores, education booklet and referral to their general practitioner as appropriate. HAPPI MIND participants receive the brief intervention as well as six individualised dementia risk reduction sessions with a nurse trained in motivational interviewing and principles of behaviour change, a personalised risk reduction action plan and access to the purpose-built HAPPI MIND smartphone app for risk factor self-management. Follow-up data collection will occur at 12, 24 and 36 months. Primary outcome is ANU-ADRI score change at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes include change in cognition, quality of life and individual risk factors of dementia. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Project approved by Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 28273). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at healthcare conferences. If effective in reducing dementia risk, the HAPPI MIND intervention could be integrated into primary care, scaled up nationally and sustained over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621001168842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Cross
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gopisankar Mohanannair Geethadevi
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parker Magin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kali Godbee
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Ward
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajay Mahal
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Simon Bell
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Namara
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin Rural Health, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharleen L O'Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis Thomas
- Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Manias
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marlien Varnfield
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajiv Jayasena
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan A Elliott
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cik Y Lee
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Walker
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise van den Bosch
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Tullipan
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Ferreira
- North Western Melbourne Primary Health Network, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johnson George
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia
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McMaster M, Kim S, Clare L, Torres SJ, Cherbuin N, Anstey KJ. The feasibility of a multidomain dementia risk reduction randomised controlled trial for people experiencing cognitive decline: the Body, Brain, Life for Cognitive Decline (BBL-CD). Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2111-2119. [PMID: 36995254 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2190083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of a proof-of-concept multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention. METHOD An 8-week, parallel-group RCT, focused on increasing adherence to lifestyle domains of Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Physical Activity (PA), and Cognitive Engagement (CE). Feasibility was evaluated against the Bowen Feasibility Framework objectives of: Acceptability of the intervention, compliance with the protocol, and efficacy of the intervention to change behaviour in the three domains of interest. RESULTS High acceptability of the intervention was demonstrated through a participant retention rate of 80.7% (Intervention: 84.2%; Control: 77.4%). Compliance to the protocol was strong with 100% of participants completing all educational modules and all MeDi and PA components, with 20% compliance for CE. Linear mixed models demonstrated efficacy to change behaviour through significant effects of adherence to MeDi (χ2 = 16.75, df = 3, p < .001) and CE (χ2 = 9.83, df = 3, p =.020), but not PA (χ2 = 4.48, df = 3, p =.211). CONCLUSION Overall the intervention was shown to be feasible. Recommendations for future trials in this area are: The implementation of practical, one-on-one sessions as they are more effective than passive education at eliciting behaviour change; use of booster sessions to increase likelihood of lifestyle changes being sustained; and collection of qualitative data to identify barriers to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McMaster
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (CRAHW), The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Canberra, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Clare
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
| | - S J Torres
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - N Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (CRAHW), The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - K J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
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Amos JG, Zheng L, Eramudugolla R, Parekh D, Huque MH, Delbaere K, Lautenschlager N, Anstey KJ. MyCOACH (COnnected Advice for Cognitive Health): a digitally delivered multidomain intervention for cognitive decline and risk of dementia in adults with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline-study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075015. [PMID: 37903606 PMCID: PMC10619101 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital health interventions are cost-effective and easily accessible, but there is currently a lack of effective online options for dementia prevention especially for people at risk due to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS MyCOACH (COnnected Advice for Cognitive Health) is a tailored online dementia risk reduction programme for adults aged ≥65 living with MCI or SCD. The MyCOACH trial aims to evaluate the programme's effectiveness in reducing dementia risk compared with an active control over a 64-week period (N=326). Eligible participants are randomly allocated to one of two intervention arms for 12 weeks: (1) the MyCOACH intervention programme or (2) email bulletins with general healthy ageing information (active control). The MyCOACH intervention programme provides participants with information about memory impairments and dementia, memory strategies and different lifestyle factors associated with brain ageing as well as practical support including goal setting, motivational interviewing, brain training, dietary and exercise consultations, and a 26-week post-intervention booster session. Follow-up assessments are conducted for all participants at 13, 39 and 65 weeks from baseline, with the primary outcome being exposure to dementia risk factors measured using the Australian National University-Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index. Secondary measures include cognitive function, quality of life, functional impairment, motivation to change behaviour, self-efficacy, morale and dementia literacy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC210012, 19 February 2021). The results of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and research conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621000977875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Amos
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lidan Zheng
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ranmalee Eramudugolla
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dinaz Parekh
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Hamidul Huque
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Lautenschlager
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Kew, Victoria, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Kootar S, Huque MH, Kiely KM, Anderson CS, Jorm L, Kivipelto M, Lautenschlager NT, Matthews F, Shaw JE, Whitmer RA, Peters R, Anstey KJ. Study protocol for development and validation of a single tool to assess risks of stroke, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and dementia: DemNCD-Risk. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076860. [PMID: 37739460 PMCID: PMC10533692 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current efforts to reduce dementia focus on prevention and risk reduction by targeting modifiable risk factors. As dementia and cardiometabolic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) share risk factors, a single risk-estimating tool for dementia and multiple NCDs could be cost-effective and facilitate concurrent assessments as compared with a conventional single approach. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new risk tool that estimates an individual's risk of developing dementia and other NCDs including diabetes mellitus, stroke and myocardial infarction. Once validated, it could be used by the public and general practitioners. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Ten high-quality cohort studies from multiple countries were identified, which met eligibility criteria, including large representative samples, long-term follow-up, data on clinical diagnoses of dementia and NCDs, recognised modifiable risk factors for the four NCDs and mortality data. Pooled harmonised data from the cohorts will be used, with 65% randomly allocated for development of the predictive model and 35% for testing. Predictors include sociodemographic characteristics, general health risk factors and lifestyle/behavioural risk factors. A subdistribution hazard model will assess the risk factors' contribution to the outcome, adjusting for competing mortality risks. Point-based scoring algorithms will be built using predictor weights, internally validated and the discriminative ability and calibration of the model will be assessed for the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses will include recalculating risk scores using logistic regression. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is provided by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (UNSW HREC; protocol numbers HC200515, HC3413). All data are deidentified and securely stored on servers at Neuroscience Research Australia. Study findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. The tool will be accessible as a public health resource. Knowledge translation and implementation work will explore strategies to apply the tool in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherazad Kootar
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Hamidul Huque
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim M Kiely
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Louisa Jorm
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Geriatric Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Older Adult Mental Health Program, Royal Melbourne Hospital Mental Health Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Matthews
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Clinical and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ruth Peters
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Treacy C, Levenstein JM, Jefferies A, Metse AP, Schaumberg MA, Villani A, Boucas AP, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J, Andrews SC. The LEISURE Study: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for a Multi-Modal Lifestyle Intervention Study to Reduce Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:841-856. [PMID: 37334601 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is understood to arise from a mixed etiology, enveloping chronic inflammatory and vascular impacts on the brain, driven by a constellation of modifiable risk factors which are largely mediated by lifestyle-related behaviors. These risk factors manifest over a prolonged preclinical period and account for up to 40% of the population attributable risk for dementia, representing viable targets for early interventions aimed at abating disease onset and progression. Here we outline the protocol for a 12-week randomized control trial (RCT) of a multimodal Lifestyle Intervention Study for Dementia Risk Reduction (LEISURE), with longitudinal follow-up at 6-months and 24-months post-intervention. This trial integrates exercise, diet, sleep, and mindfulness to simultaneously target multiple different etiopathogenetic mechanisms and their interplay in a healthy older adult population (aged 50-85 years), and assesses dementia risk reduction as the primary endpoint. The LEISURE study is located in the Sunshine Coast region of Australia, which has one of the nation's highest proportions of adults aged over 50 years (36.4%), and corresponding dementia prevalence. This trial is novel in its inclusion of mindfulness and sleep as multidomain lifestyle targets, and in its comprehensive suite of secondary outcomes (based on psychological, physical health, sleep activity, and cognitive data) as well as exploratory neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography) and molecular biology measures. These measures will provide greater insights into the brain-behavioral underpinnings of dementia prevention, as well as the predictors and impacts of the proposed lifestyle intervention. The LEISURE study was prospectively registered (ACTRN12620000054910) on 19 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Treacy
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacob M Levenstein
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Annelise Jefferies
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra P Metse
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mia A Schaumberg
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
- Manna Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Ana P Boucas
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie C Andrews
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
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10
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Multidomain interventions for risk reduction and prevention of cognitive decline and dementia: current developments. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:285-292. [PMID: 35703256 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The potential for dementia prevention is deemed substantial if modifiable risk factors were addressed. First large-scale multidomain lifestyle interventions aiming at reducing risk of cognitive decline and dementia have yielded mixed but promising evidence. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trials conduction, causing interruptions and delays, the research landscape on multidomain interventions is growing rapidly. The successful Finish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) has led to an adaptation of the FINGER model in trials underway or being planned in over 40 countries. Recent studies identified barriers and facilitators of and adherence to multidomain interventions, showed the suitability of dementia risk scores as surrogate outcomes, and suggested mechanisms. Multidomain interventions are increasingly conducted in the Global South, and study protocols are increasingly testing expanded FINGER models, for example, with pharmacological components, in digital/remote settings and co-designed personalized interventions. SUMMARY Though results remain mixed, the many ongoing trials will provide more conclusive evidence within the next few years and help to optimize interventions. Continued international collaboration is pivotal to scale and accelerate the development and implementation of effective multidomain interventions as part of larger public health strategies to counteract the global dementia increase.
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11
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Meng X, Fang S, Zhang S, Li H, Ma D, Ye Y, Su J, Sun J. Multidomain lifestyle interventions for cognition and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 130:104236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Anstey KJ, Zheng L, Peters R, Kootar S, Barbera M, Stephen R, Dua T, Chowdhary N, Solomon A, Kivipelto M. Dementia Risk Scores and Their Role in the Implementation of Risk Reduction Guidelines. Front Neurol 2022; 12:765454. [PMID: 35058873 PMCID: PMC8764151 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.765454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia prevention is a global health priority. In 2019, the World Health Organisation published its first evidence-based guidelines on dementia risk reduction. We are now at the stage where we need effective tools and resources to assess dementia risk and implement these guidelines into policy and practice. In this paper we review dementia risk scores as a means to facilitate this process. Specifically, we (a) discuss the rationale for dementia risk assessment, (b) outline some conceptual and methodological issues to consider when reviewing risk scores, (c) evaluate some dementia risk scores that are currently in use, and (d) provide some comments about future directions. A dementia risk score is a weighted composite of risk factors that reflects the likelihood of an individual developing dementia. In general, dementia risks scores have a wide range of implementations and benefits including providing early identification of individuals at high risk, improving risk perception for patients and physicians, and helping health professionals recommend targeted interventions to improve lifestyle habits to decrease dementia risk. A number of risk scores for dementia have been published, and some are widely used in research and clinical trials e.g., CAIDE, ANU-ADRI, and LIBRA. However, there are some methodological concerns and limitations associated with the use of these risk scores and more research is needed to increase their effectiveness and applicability. Overall, we conclude that, while further refinement of risk scores is underway, there is adequate evidence to use these assessments to implement guidelines on dementia risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Lidan Zheng
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Peters
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Scherazad Kootar
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Mariagnese Barbera
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Stephen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarun Dua
- Brain Health Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Neerja Chowdhary
- Brain Health Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer's Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer's Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Stephen R, Barbera M, Peters R, Ee N, Zheng L, Lehtisalo J, Kulmala J, Håkansson K, Chowdhary N, Dua T, Solomon A, Anstey KJ, Kivipelto M. Development of the First WHO Guidelines for Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. Front Neurol 2021; 12:763573. [PMID: 34764935 PMCID: PMC8577650 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.763573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first WHO guidelines for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia marked an important milestone in the field of dementia prevention. In this paper, we discuss the evidence reviewed as part of the guidelines development and present the main themes emerged from its synthesis, to inform future research and policies on dementia risk reduction. The role of intervention effect-size; the mismatch between observational and intervention-based evidence; the heterogeneity of evidence among intervention trials; the importance of intervention duration; the role of timing of exposure to a certain risk factor and interventions; the relationship between intervention intensity and response; the link between individual risk factors and specific dementia pathologies; and the need for tailored interventions emerged as the main themes. The interaction and clustering of individual risk factors, including genetics, was identified as the overarching theme. The evidence collected indicates that multidomain approaches targeting simultaneously multiple risk factors and tailored at both individual and population level, are likely to be most effective and feasible in dementia risk reduction. The current status of multidomain intervention trials aimed to cognitive impairment/dementia prevention was also briefly reviewed. Primary results were presented focusing on methodological differences and the potential of design harmonization for improving evidence quality. Since multidomain intervention trials address a condition with slow clinical manifestation—like dementia—in a relatively short time frame, the need for surrogate outcomes was also discussed, with a specific focus on the potential utility of dementia risk scores. Finally, we considered how multidomain intervention could be most effectively implemented in a public health context and the implications world-wide for other non-communicable diseases targeting common risk factors, taking into account the limited evidence in low-middle income countries. In conclusion, the evidence from the first WHO guidelines for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia indicated that “one size does not fit all,” and multidomain approaches adaptable to different populations and individuals are likely to be the most effective. Harmonization in trial design, the use of appropriate outcome measures, and sustainability in large at-risk populations in the context of other chronic disorders also emerged as key elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stephen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mariagnese Barbera
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Peters
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Ee
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Lidan Zheng
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Kulmala
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Centre (GEREC), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krister Håkansson
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neerja Chowdhary
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tarun Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Compensatory and Lifestyle-Based Brain Health Program for Subjective Cognitive Decline: Self-Implementation versus Coaching. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101306. [PMID: 34679371 PMCID: PMC8534077 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have explored the potential of multidomain brain health programs, there is a dearth of literature on operationalizing this research to create a clinical treatment program specifically for subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Patients seen by geriatricians in primary care and by behavioral neurology services at our institution presenting with SCD were recruited via a patient-appropriate flyer. After all participants had a 1-h brain health consultation with a neuropsychologist and were provided with program materials, they were randomized to attend a 10-week intervention designed to support program implementation (N = 10) or the control group of implementing the program on their own (N = 11). The program included (1) a calendar-based executive and memory support system for compensatory training and (2) training in healthy lifestyle. There were no significant differences between groups for any outcomes. Participants across both groups showed significant improvements with moderate effect sizes in compensatory strategy use, anxiety symptoms, and daily functioning, which were sustained through 6-month follow-up. They also increased physical activity by the end of the intervention period but did not sustain this through 6-month follow-up. Our pilot study demonstrates preliminary feasibility of a cognitive compensatory and lifestyle-based brain health program. Additional research is recommended to further develop two potentially scalable implementation strategies—coaching and self-implementation after brief consultation.
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