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O'Donnell EA, Van Citters AD, Khayal IS, Wilson MM, Gustafson D, Barnato AE, Buccellato AC, Young C, Holthoff MM, Korsunskiy E, Tomlin SC, Cullinan AM, Steinbaugh AC, Hinson JJ, Johnson KR, Williams A, Thomson RM, Haines JM, Holmes AB, Bradley AD, Nelson EC, Kirkland KB. A Web-Based Peer Support Network to Help Care Partners of People With Serious Illness: Co-Design Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e53194. [PMID: 38717809 PMCID: PMC11112480 DOI: 10.2196/53194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care partners of people with serious illness experience significant challenges and unmet needs during the patient's treatment period and after their death. Learning from others with shared experiences can be valuable, but opportunities are not consistently available. OBJECTIVE This study aims to design and prototype a regional, facilitated, and web-based peer support network to help active and bereaved care partners of persons with serious illness be better prepared to cope with the surprises that arise during serious illness and in bereavement. METHODS An 18-member co-design team included active care partners and those in bereavement, people who had experienced serious illness, regional health care and support partners, and clinicians. It was guided by facilitators and peer network subject-matter experts. We conducted design exercises to identify the functions and specifications of a peer support network. Co-design members independently prioritized network specifications, which were incorporated into an early iteration of the web-based network. RESULTS The team prioritized two functions: (1) connecting care partners to information and (2) facilitating emotional support. The design process generated 24 potential network specifications to support these functions. The highest priorities included providing a supportive and respectful community; connecting people to trusted resources; reducing barriers to asking for help; and providing frequently asked questions and responses. The network platform had to be simple and intuitive, provide technical support for users, protect member privacy, provide publicly available information and a private discussion forum, and be easily accessible. It was feasible to enroll members in the ConnectShareCare web-based network over a 3-month period. CONCLUSIONS A co-design process supported the identification of critical features of a peer support network for care partners of people with serious illnesses in a rural setting, as well as initial testing and use. Further testing is underway to assess the long-term viability and impact of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O'Donnell
- Communications, Marketing and Community Health, Alice Peck Day Memorial Hospital, Lebanon, NH, United States
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Aricca D Van Citters
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Inas S Khayal
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Matthew M Wilson
- Palliative Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - David Gustafson
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amber E Barnato
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Palliative Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Andrea C Buccellato
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Colleen Young
- Mayo Clinic Connect, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Megan M Holthoff
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Eugene Korsunskiy
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Stephanie C Tomlin
- Patient and Family Advisors, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Amelia M Cullinan
- Palliative Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | | | - Jennifer J Hinson
- Patient and Family Advisors, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kristen R Johnson
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Andrew Williams
- Patient and Family Advisors, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ruth M Thomson
- Palliative Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Janet M Haines
- Patient and Family Advisors, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Anne B Holmes
- Patient and Family Advisors, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ann D Bradley
- Patient and Family Advisors, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Eugene C Nelson
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kathryn B Kirkland
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Palliative Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Krishnan K, Sahoo KC, Kalyanasundaram M, Singh S, Srinivas A, Pathak A, Stålsby Lundborg C, Atkins S, Rousta K, Diwan V. Feasibility assessment of crowdsourcing slogans for promoting household waste segregation in India: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118331. [PMID: 37900030 PMCID: PMC10600395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique to engage or access a wider set of experts and multiple stakeholders through online platforms, which might effectively be employed in waste management. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of the crowdsourcing method to provide an alternative approach that can improve household waste segregation using an "online-slogan-contest". Methods The contest was promoted via targeted emails to various governmental and non-governmental organizations and through social media platforms for around 4 weeks (25 days). The entries were received through a Google form. The slogans were assessed by the experts and analyzed using content analysis methods. Results Total 969 entries were received from different geographic regions in India. Of that, 456 were in English and 513 in Hindi. Five themes of waste segregation emerged from the received slogans: (1) Community awareness, responsibility, and support, (2) Significance of household waste segregation, (3) Use of separate dustbins, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Environment and sustainability. Discussion Crowdsourcing approaches can be used by local authorities for improving waste management approaches and are recommended as these involve a wider audience within a short time frame. Moreover, this approach is flexible and integrating crowdsourcing approaches strengthens our understanding of existing waste management activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Krishnan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Surya Singh
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Pediatrics, R D Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salla Atkins
- Department of Global Public Health, Social Medicine Infectious Disease and Migration (SIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Health and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kamran Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xu L, Fields NL, Williams IC, Gaugler JE, Kunz-Lomelin A, Cipher DJ, Feinhals G. The Senior Companion Program Plus (SCP Plus): Examining the Preliminary Effectiveness of a Lay Provider Program to Support African American Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5380. [PMID: 37047994 PMCID: PMC10094539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A culturally informed, peer-led, lay provider model, the Senior Companion Program (SCP) Plus, was implemented to decrease caregiving burden/stress and improve coping skills and social support for African American ADRD caregivers. This study reported the preliminary effectiveness of this intervention. METHODS An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used in this study, and a randomized control trial was conducted for the SCP Plus intervention among participants in three sites (n = 20). A subsample of participants (n = 7) consented to a qualitative interview about their experiences with the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Friedman tests, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA were computed for quantitative analyses. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative interviews. RESULTS Results demonstrated that knowledge of AD/dementia (KAD) and preparedness for caregiving were significantly improved for all senior companions in the intervention group. Results also showed that caregivers in the intervention group reported significantly decreased caregiving burden, as well as increased KAD, satisfaction with social support, and positive aspects of caregiving. Themes from the qualitative interviews included: learning new skills about caregiving, gaining knowledge about ADRD, and benefits for the dyad. DISCUSSIONS Findings from this study implied that SCP Plus was a promising model for African American family caregivers as it benefits both the SC volunteers and the African American ADRD family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Noelle L. Fields
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Ishan C. Williams
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Joseph E. Gaugler
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alan Kunz-Lomelin
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Daisha J. Cipher
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Premanandan S, Ahmad A, Cajander Å, Ågerfalk P, van Gemert-Pijnen L. Design suggestions for a persuasive e-coaching application: A study on informal caregivers' needs. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177129. [PMID: 37284014 PMCID: PMC10240856 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Informal caregivers such as relatives or close friends of patients are essential for caregiving at home. However, caregiving is a complex experience that may affect the caregivers' well-being. Therefore, there is a need to provide support for caregivers, which we address in this article by proposing design suggestions for an e-coaching application. This study identifies the unmet needs of caregivers in Sweden and provides design suggestions for an e-coaching application using the persuasive system design (PSD) model. The PSD model offers a systematic approach to designing IT interventions. Methods A qualitative research design was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 informal caregivers from different municipalities in Sweden. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data. The PSD model was used to map the needs emerging from this analysis to propose design suggestions for an e-coaching application for caregivers. Results Six needs were identified, and based on them, we proposed design suggestions for an e-coaching application using the PSD model. These unmet needs are monitoring and guidance, assistance to avail formal care services, access to practical information without being overwhelmed, feeling of community, access to informal support, and grief acceptance. The last two needs could not be mapped using the existing PSD model, resulting in an extended PSD model. Conclusion This study revealed the important needs of informal caregivers based on which design suggestions for an e-coaching application were presented. We also proposed an adapted PSD model. This adapted PSD model can be further used for designing digital interventions in caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Premanandan
- Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Cajander
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pär Ågerfalk
- Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Constantini J, Bliem HR, Crepaz M, Marksteiner J. A Qualitative Literature Search and Pilot Study of Online Support Groups for Patients With Dementia and Their Carers. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231205689. [PMID: 37881348 PMCID: PMC10594960 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231205689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing group of people living with dementia (PLWD) and their relatives face great challenges. The Covid 19 pandemic has once again placed a particular challenge on this vulnerable group. What started a decade earlier with telephone-based support groups experienced a real push during the pandemic in the form of video-based self-help services. The aim of this qualitative literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO with keywords related to online, support group, caregiver, and dementia was to collect the reported experiences by the end of 2022. Peer reviewed journal papers were included when published and written in English. After the joint decision of two reviewers, it was decided to only include studies that were published in Medline. The results of the literature search are compared with experiences of the participants in a presentation group that was transformed into an online group at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic via Zoom. In search yielded a total of 129 articles. 113 articles described different types of interventions, 30 of which had a randomized design. The qualitative literature search showed on the one hand a high interest in online support groups but on the other hand that the effectiveness and efficacy in randomized trials is much less clear. In addition, we investigated the assessments and experiences of the participants in a presentation group that was transformed into an online group at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic via Zoom. This study demonstrates that PLWD and carers on virtual group meetings can express significant emotive capacity and enhanced connectivity with one another despite a diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia. Further research on entry criteria, concerns about online support services in general and necessary support for use is essential to develop the time- and location-independent possibility of video-based online self-help into an important form of support for both PLWD and their caregivers as an additional support option independent of exceptional pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Crepaz
- University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bachmann P, Hruska J. Alzheimer Caregiving Problems According to ADLs: Evidence from Facebook Support Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116423. [PMID: 35682011 PMCID: PMC9180182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and study goal: Social media are a societal phenomenon today, including the oldest generation, yet they are seldom used in current health research to identify the needs of persons with Alzheimer’s disease (PADs) and their carers. There is an even bigger research gap in the analysis of caregivers’ communication in online support groups and its classification according to activities of daily living (ADLs). For this, the goal of this study is to identify real-life practices of informal caregivers who care for PADs based on the analysis of their communication in Facebook groups. Methods: A sample of 1603 contributions was obtained from support groups by keyword search, manual coding, and verification; thus, the contributions in the sample are relevant for the individual basic ADLs of PADs. Next, five main conversation topics were identified for each ADL. This was done using the topic extractor based on simple parallel threaded implementation of LDA with a sparse sampling scheme and data structure. Results: The qualitative dimension of research identified discussion topics as well as specific caregiver behavior patterns for each ADL. The quantitative dimension determining the level of engagement of group members in individual ADLs was also measured. The highest engagement was found in activities of feeding and drinking, followed by bathing. In contrast, the activities of dressing, continence, and toileting attract the lowest interest. Moreover, the causal links between the topics discussed within the areas of ADLs were identified. Conclusions: The acquired knowledge can help further research focus on the most problematic areas relevant for people with AD in order to increase their quality of life and at the same time reduce the caregiver burden. The study expands the information of the demands posed by the individual caregiver activities, specifically in the context of activity-based costing or time-based activity costing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bachmann
- Department of Management, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Hruska
- Department of Economy, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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Effects of e-Health Training and Social Support Interventions for Informal Caregivers of People with Dementia-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157728. [PMID: 34360020 PMCID: PMC8345641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Along with the burden commonly experienced by informal caregivers (ICs) of people with dementia (PwD), associated with the progressive decline that accompanies dementia, the lockdown due to the public health crisis has had a great negative impact on the emotional wellbeing, physical health, and social relationships of ICs. Support interventions through telemedicine represent an opportunity for ICs to learn the skills required for the care and maintenance of social networks. In this work, a narrative review of the effects of e-health training and social support interventions was carried out. A literature search was conducted using the ProQuest, Ovid, and Scopus databases. Information regarding social support (SS), psychological interventions, and training for the management of medications and behavioral changes was extracted. One hundred and nine studies were included in this review. Forums and training platforms were the main tools for ICs. The most effective platforms to improve SS include the participation of both ICs and health professionals. However, no significant improvements in objective caring skills were identified. Platforms developed specifically for ICs should be based in tools that ICs are familiar with, because many ICs have not yet incorporated Information and Communication Technologies in many activities of their daily lives. Education in the digitalization to ICs of PwD should be one of the priority objectives in telehealth interventions.
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Do caregivers who connect online have better outcomes? A systematic review of online peer-support interventions for caregivers of people with stroke, dementia, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. BRAIN IMPAIR 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2021.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Objectives:This systematic review aimed to identify and appraise the evidence for online peer-support interventions for caregivers of stroke survivors (with and without aphasia), and people with dementia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis.Research Design and Methods:Systematic review conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were systematically searched up until September 2020: EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) scales. Interventions were described using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.Results:A total of 3026 records were identified from database searches. Following screening, 18 studies reporting 17 interventions were included in this review. Most studies (n = 13) reported interventions for caregivers of people with dementia. All studies incorporated an element of peer support as part of the intervention, however, most interventions (n = 15) comprised both psychosocial and educational elements. Statistically significant changes were reported for 11 interventions in one or more of the following domains: caregiver knowledge, mental health, stress, depression, distress, burden, self-efficacy, mastery, helplessness and perceived support. Qualitative outcomes included perceived reductions in stress and increased emotional and informational support.Discussion and Implications:Positive changes in caregiver outcomes were identified in response to multi-component online interventions (i.e., peer support in addition to education). Peer support was often poorly described, limiting the conclusions that could be drawn about the intervention components which result in better outcomes. Online interventions may provide an accessible and effective means of supporting caregivers.
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Faieta J, Sheehan J, DiGiovine C. Mhealth interventions to improve health and quality of life related outcomes for informal dementia caregivers: A scoping review. Assist Technol 2021; 34:362-374. [PMID: 33006526 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2020.1829174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The devastating effects of dementia extend to the health and well-being of informal dementia caregivers. The physical and mental requirements of serving as a dementia caregiver are evidenced in the negative health effects that this population experiences. There is a present need for effective interventions to improve health and quality of life in informal dementia caregivers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the health and well-being related outcomes following mHealth use in dementia caregiver and care recipient populations. METHODS A scoping review was undertaken to investigate mHealth use in dementia caregivers. Searches spanning four databases yielded 172 articles. Following screening procedures, 12 articles were included for data extraction.. RESULTS Articles were organized into three major themes: social and indirect support, health education, and technology-supported monitoring. Social and indirect support apps may be valuable for caregiver stress relief, confidence, and fatigue. Health education apps were found to 1) assist with the organization of user's health information, and 2) impact depressive symptoms. Monitoring apps provided caregivers with methods of observing both physical and emotional well-being.. CONCLUSION Currently, the limited evidence on the usability and usefulness of mHealth within dementia caregiver populations indicates that mHealth holds promise as an intervention platform and warrants continued investigation.Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer's Disease; CANE: Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly; CCS: Caregiver Competence Scale, CDN: COGKNOW Day Navigator; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CG: Caregivers; CQoL-AD: Carer's Overall Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease; Dx: Diagnosis; ESM: experience sampling methodology; FB: Facebook; PA: Positive Affect; Pss-14: Perceived Stress Scale; QOL: Quality of Life; RCSS: Revised Caregiving Satisfaction Scale; SSCQ: Short Sense of Competence Questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Faieta
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie Sheehan
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, North Carolina, USA.,Assistive Technology Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - Carmen DiGiovine
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Occupational Therapy Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Subirats L, Conesa J, Armayones M. Biomedical Holistic Ontology for People with Rare Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6038. [PMID: 32825147 PMCID: PMC7503469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research provides a biomedical ontology to adequately represent the information necessary to manage a person with a disease in the context of a specific patient. A bottom-up approach was used to build the ontology, best ontology practices described in the literature were followed and the minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT) methodology was used to add external terms of other ontologies when possible. Public data of rare diseases from rare associations were used to build the ontology. In addition, sentiment analysis was performed in the standardized data using the Python library Textblob. A new holistic ontology was built, which models 25 real scenarios of people with rare diseases. We conclude that a comprehensive profile of patients is needed in biomedical ontologies. The generated code is openly available, so this research is partially reproducible. Depending on the knowledge needed, several views of the ontology should be generated. Links to other ontologies should be used more often to model the knowledge more precisely and improve flexibility. The proposed holistic ontology has many benefits, such as a more standardized computation of sentiment analysis between attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Subirats
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, C/Bilbao, 72, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Jordi Conesa
- eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Manuel Armayones
- eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.A.)
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Rathnayake S, Moyle W, Jones C, Calleja P. Co-design of an mHealth application for family caregivers of people with dementia to address functional disability care needs. Inform Health Soc Care 2020; 46:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2020.1793347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Rathnayake
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nursing, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cindy Jones
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Pauline Calleja
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Caregivers' Experience of Caring for a Family Member with Alzheimer's Disease: A Content Analysis of Longitudinal Social Media Communication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124412. [PMID: 32575455 PMCID: PMC7345212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The population aging together with an increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should also be accompanied by a growing interest in healthcare research. Therefore, this study examines the nature of the caregiver’s work, its mental and physical demands, experience and questions, and the relationship between the person with AD, the caregiver, and family members. Methods: As social media has become the place where people share family situations, a Facebook private discussion group of caregivers was chosen as the analytical data source. The study documented the daily-life situations of one-hundred dyads based on 2110 posts published during a six-month or longer period. A content analysis classified communication into 35 categories of basic, instrumental, and extended activities of daily livings (ADLs) and newly designed caregiver’s daily issues (CDIs). Results: The frequently discussed topics were related to exhaustion and feelings of “giving up” by caregivers and interpersonal communication and help from family members. The highest support was found for the topics of aging and dying and family events. Conclusion: The communications of caregivers were diverse and rather associated with co-occupational ADLs and CDIs than basic or instrumental ADLs. The support of the group was mainly provided in coping with fundamental life changes.
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Nygaard A, Halvorsrud L, Bye A, Bergland A. It takes two to tango: carers' reflections on their participation and the participation of people with dementia in the James Lind Alliance process. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:175. [PMID: 32408893 PMCID: PMC7227228 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research has grown steadily in recent decades. The James Lind Alliance (JLA) is one approach to PPI that brings patients, carers and clinicians together to identify priorities for future research in a Priority Setting Partnership (PSP). Our study aim was to describe the reflections of informal carers of people with dementia on the possibility of participating in the JLA’s PSP process, for both themselves and the recipients of their care. In addition, we wanted to explore barriers to and facilitators of their participation. Methods We conducted four focus groups with 36 carers of people with dementia. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse the data. Results An overarching theme emerged from the participants’ reflections: “Creating empowering teams where all voices are heard”. The overarching theme incorporates the participants’ suggestions about the importance of equivalence in power, mutual agreement with and understanding of the goals, adequate support, openness about each partner’s tasks and the bonds needed between the partners to sustain the enterprise, and expectations of positive outcomes. From the overarching theme, two main themes emerged: “Interaction of human factors, the PSP process and the environment” and “The power of position and knowledge”. The overall results indicated that carers are willing to participate in PSP processes and that they thought it important for people with dementia to participate in PSP processes as well, even if some might need extra support to do so. The carers also identified the need for research topics that influence their everyday lives, policy development and healthcare services. Conclusions Both carers and the people with dementia for whom they care are able to contribute to the PSP process when given sufficient support. The involvement of these groups is important for setting healthcare research agendas, developing research projects that increase awareness and knowledge about their circumstances and improving health professionals’, researchers’ and policymakers’ understanding of and insight into their unique situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Nygaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway. .,Lørenskog municipality, the Centre for Development of Institutional and Home Care Services, Lørenskog, Akershus, Norway.
| | - Liv Halvorsrud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Bye
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway.,Regional Advisory Unit in Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bergland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Benson JJ, Oliver DP, Washington KT, Rolbiecki AJ, Lombardo CB, Garza JE, Demiris G. Online social support groups for informal caregivers of hospice patients with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 44:101698. [PMID: 31816508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social support is an important factor in reducing caregiver burden, however, accessing social support via traditional means is often challenging for family caregivers of hospice patients. Online support groups may offer an effective solution. The present study sought to understand dynamics of online social support among family and other informal (e.g., friends) caregivers of hospice cancer patients in an online social support group. The primary aim of the study was to identify types of online social support and support-seeking behaviors, with a secondary aim to understand informal hospice caregivers' preferences for social support. METHOD Data used in this study were collected as part of a federally funded randomized clinical trial of an informal hospice cancer caregiver support intervention. Findings are based on directed and conventional content analysis of support group members' posts and comments-including text and images-and a sample of caregivers' exit interviews. RESULTS Analyses demonstrated that the majority of online support provided by group members was emotional support, followed by companionship support, appraisal support, and informational support. Instrumental support was rarely provided. Support was primarily elicited in an indirect manner through self-disclosure and patient updates, with few overt requests for support. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest online social support groups can be a valuable resource for informal caregivers who are in need of emotional support and lack the ability to access face-to-face support groups. Clinical implications of this research to healthcare systems regarding the importance of incorporating nurses and other medical professionals as co-facilitators of online support groups are discussed.
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Newman K, Wang AH, Wang AZY, Hanna D. The role of internet-based digital tools in reducing social isolation and addressing support needs among informal caregivers: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1495. [PMID: 31706294 PMCID: PMC6842183 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Canada, 8.1 million people informally provide care without payment, primarily to family members; 6.1 million of them are employed at a full-time or part-time job. Digital technologies, such as internet-based tools, can provide informal caregivers’ access to information and support. This scoping review aimed to explore the role of internet-based digital tools in reducing social isolation and addressing support needs among informal caregivers. Methods A systematic search for relevant peer-reviewed literature was conducted of four electronic databases, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. An extensive search for relevant grey literature was also conducted. Results The screening process yielded twenty-three papers. The following themes were generated from the reviewed studies: searching for and receiving support; gaining a sense of social inclusion and belonging; and benefits and challenges of web-based support. The studies noted that, to connect with peers and obtain social support, informal caregivers often turn to online platforms. By engaging with peers in online communities, these caregivers reported regaining a sense of social inclusion and belonging. Conclusions The findings suggest that internet-based digital tools can be a cost-effective and convenient way to develop programs that help unpaid caregivers form communities, gain support, and access resources. Service providers can leverage digital tools to deliver support to caregivers within online communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Newman
- Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Angel He Wang
- Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Arthur Ze Yu Wang
- Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Dalia Hanna
- Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
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Rathnayake S, Jones C, Calleja P, Moyle W. Family carers' perspectives of managing activities of daily living and use of mHealth applications in dementia care: A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:4460-4470. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Rathnayake
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | - Cindy Jones
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond University Robina QLD Australia
| | - Pauline Calleja
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia
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Spencer L, Potterton R, Allen K, Musiat P, Schmidt U. Internet-Based Interventions for Carers of Individuals With Psychiatric Disorders, Neurological Disorders, or Brain Injuries: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e10876. [PMID: 31290399 PMCID: PMC6647754 DOI: 10.2196/10876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonprofessional carers who provide support to an individual with a psychiatric or neurological disorder will often themselves experience symptoms of stress, anxiety, or low mood, and they perceive that they receive little support. Internet-based interventions have previously been found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of a range of mental health difficulties in carers. OBJECTIVE This review seeks to establish the status of internet-based interventions for informal (nonprofessional) carers of people with psychiatric or neurological disorders by investigating (1) the number and quality of studies evaluating the efficacy or effectiveness of internet-based carer interventions and (2) the impact that such interventions have on carer mental health, as well as (3) how internet-based interventions compare with other intervention types (eg, face-to-face treatment). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2019 using the EMBASE (1974-present), Ovid MEDLINE (1946-present), PsychARTICLES, PsychINFO (1806-present), and Global Health (1973-present) databases, via the Ovid Technologies database. Search terms included carer, caregiver, online, technology, internet-based, internet, interactive, intervention, and evaluation. Studies selected for inclusion in this review met the following predetermined criteria: (1) delivering an intervention aimed primarily at informal carers, (2) carers supporting individuals with psychiatric disorders, stroke, dementia, or brain injury, (3) the intervention delivered to the carers was primarily internet based, (4) the study reported a pre- and postquantitative measure of carer depression, anxiety, stress, burden, or quality of life, (5) appeared in a peer-reviewed journal, and (6) was accessible in English. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were identified for inclusion through the detailed search strategy. The search was conducted, and data were extracted independently by 2 researchers. The majority of studies reported that 1 or more measures relating to carer mental health improved following receipt of a relevant intervention, with interventions for carers of people with traumatic brain injury showing a consistent link with improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Studies investigating internet-based interventions for carers of individuals with diverse psychiatric or neurological difficulties show some evidence in support of the effectiveness of these interventions. In addition, such interventions are acceptable to carers. Available evidence is of varying quality, and more high-quality trials are needed. Further research should also establish how specific intervention components, such as structure or interactivity, contribute to their overall efficacy with regard to carer mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Spencer
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Potterton
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Allen
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London & Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Musiat
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London & Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Jindal G. Assessing the Value of an Online Repository of Local Resources for People Who Have Chronic Health Conditions. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2019.1611171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Jindal
- College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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19
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Facebook or Twitter?: Effective recruitment strategies for family caregivers. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 41:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Créquit P, Mansouri G, Benchoufi M, Vivot A, Ravaud P. Mapping of Crowdsourcing in Health: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e187. [PMID: 29764795 PMCID: PMC5974463 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crowdsourcing involves obtaining ideas, needed services, or content by soliciting Web-based contributions from a crowd. The 4 types of crowdsourced tasks (problem solving, data processing, surveillance or monitoring, and surveying) can be applied in the 3 categories of health (promotion, research, and care). Objective This study aimed to map the different applications of crowdsourcing in health to assess the fields of health that are using crowdsourcing and the crowdsourced tasks used. We also describe the logistics of crowdsourcing and the characteristics of crowd workers. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for available reports from inception to March 30, 2016, with no restriction on language or publication status. Results We identified 202 relevant studies that used crowdsourcing, including 9 randomized controlled trials, of which only one had posted results at ClinicalTrials.gov. Crowdsourcing was used in health promotion (91/202, 45.0%), research (73/202, 36.1%), and care (38/202, 18.8%). The 4 most frequent areas of application were public health (67/202, 33.2%), psychiatry (32/202, 15.8%), surgery (22/202, 10.9%), and oncology (14/202, 6.9%). Half of the reports (99/202, 49.0%) referred to data processing, 34.6% (70/202) referred to surveying, 10.4% (21/202) referred to surveillance or monitoring, and 5.9% (12/202) referred to problem-solving. Labor market platforms (eg, Amazon Mechanical Turk) were used in most studies (190/202, 94%). The crowd workers’ characteristics were poorly reported, and crowdsourcing logistics were missing from two-thirds of the reports. When reported, the median size of the crowd was 424 (first and third quartiles: 167-802); crowd workers’ median age was 34 years (32-36). Crowd workers were mainly recruited nationally, particularly in the United States. For many studies (58.9%, 119/202), previous experience in crowdsourcing was required, and passing a qualification test or training was seldom needed (11.9% of studies; 24/202). For half of the studies, monetary incentives were mentioned, with mainly less than US $1 to perform the task. The time needed to perform the task was mostly less than 10 min (58.9% of studies; 119/202). Data quality validation was used in 54/202 studies (26.7%), mainly by attention check questions or by replicating the task with several crowd workers. Conclusions The use of crowdsourcing, which allows access to a large pool of participants as well as saving time in data collection, lowering costs, and speeding up innovations, is increasing in health promotion, research, and care. However, the description of crowdsourcing logistics and crowd workers’ characteristics is frequently missing in study reports and needs to be precisely reported to better interpret the study findings and replicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Créquit
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, Paris, France
| | - Ghizlène Mansouri
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Benchoufi
- Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Vivot
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Cook DJ, Duncan G, Sprint G, Fritz R. Using Smart City Technology to Make Healthcare Smarter. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE. INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS 2018; 106:708-722. [PMID: 29628528 PMCID: PMC5881605 DOI: 10.1109/jproc.2017.2787688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Smart cities use information and communication technologies (ICT) to scale services include utilities and transportation to a growing population. In this article we discuss how smart city ICT can also improve healthcare effectiveness and lower healthcare cost for smart city residents. We survey current literature and introduce original research to offer an overview of how smart city infrastructure supports strategic healthcare using both mobile and ambient sensors combined with machine learning. Finally, we consider challenges that will be faced as healthcare providers make use of these opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Cook
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Glen Duncan
- Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210 USA
| | | | - Roschelle Fritz
- Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
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