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Abok II, Imoh LC, Bode-Thomas F, Oguche S, Zoakah A, Sagay A. Relationship between maternal and infant serum vitamin D levels in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:48. [PMID: 38188884 PMCID: PMC10768551 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.48.37578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction there is growing interest in the link between maternal and infant vitamin D (VD) levels. Breast milk transmission and the fact that the mother and her child may share risk factors for VD, such as exposure to sunlight, diet, and sociocultural influences may impact VD status, the magnitude of which is largely unknown in our topical low-middle income setting. We assessed the connection between maternal and infant VD status including their correlates. Methods this cross-sectional study investigated 95 maternal-infant pairs in Jos. Mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Blood sampling and analysis of serum total 25 hydroxy VD were performed using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Maternal and infant VD levels were classified as VD deficient (VDD), VD insufficient (VDI), and VD sufficient (VDS). The mean maternal and infant VD were compared, and the Spearman correlation between them was assessed, a stepwise linear regression was also performed with infant vitamin D as a dependent variable. For all statistical analysis, p<0.05 was considered significant. Results the median maternal and infant VD was 29.68 ng/ml and 29.41 ng/ml, respectively. The mean infant VD (32.19 ± 10.61 ng/ml) was comparable to maternal VD (31.12 ± 12.94 ng/ml) (p=0.483), with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.3 (p=0.037). Maternal vitamin D (beta=0.539, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (beta=-3.490), and infant age (beta=1.655) were found to be significant independent predictors of infant vitamin. Conclusion beyond neonatal age, a significant positive relationship between maternal and infants´ VD levels exists and suggests that family-focused vitamin D intervention might be an effective public health approach in the tropical city of Jos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaya Ibrahim Abok
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Fidelia Bode-Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Oguche
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Ayuba Zoakah
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Atiene Sagay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
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Abdelsalam M, Nagy E, Abdalbary M, Alsayed MA, Ali AAS, Ahmed RM, Alsuliamany ASM, Alyami AH, Althaqafi RMM, Alsaqqa RM, Ali SI, Aljohani B, Alghamdi AA, Alghamdi FA, Alsulaimani AA. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in High Altitude Region in Saudi Arabia: Three-Year Retrospective Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2961-2970. [PMID: 37485454 PMCID: PMC10356959 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s418811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D has many functions in the human body, and its deficiency is associated with skeletal and non-skeletal diseases. Vitamin D deficiency (blood level of 25 (OH) vitamin D < 20 ng/mL) has been reported worldwide, including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Its prevalence and associated factors vary according to KSA region. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in the Taif region of KSA. Methods This retrospective study included patients who attended outpatient clinics at the Alameen General Hospital from 2019 to 2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using a hospital software system. Results The study included 2153 patients and vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 900 (41.8%) of whom were diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency. It was more common in males (P=0.021), younger age (<0.001), and in patients without comorbidities. There was a positive correlation between 25 (OH) vitamin D levels and blood cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, calcium, and vitamin B12 levels. In the binary logistic regression analysis, age was the most significant predictor (P<0.001), followed by the absence of thyroid disease (P=0.012) and asthma (P=0.030). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Saudi population despite sunny weather in KSA. It is more prevalent among males, younger individuals, and those without comorbidities such as thyroid diseases and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelsalam
- Internal Medicine Department, Alameen General Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Nagy
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdalbary
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdellatif Alsayed
- Internal Medicine Department, Alameen General Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr Abouzed Salama Ali
- Mansoura Medical District, Family Medicine Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ali H Alyami
- Department of Surgery, Ministry of the National Guard – Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Orthopedics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raad M M Althaqafi
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Safaa Ibrahim Ali
- General Medicine Faculty, Sechenov University, Moscow City, Russian Federation
| | - Bakar Aljohani
- Neuroradiology, AlHada Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Sooriyaarachchi P, Jeyakumar DT, King N, Jayawardena R. Impact of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:372-378. [PMID: 34330492 PMCID: PMC8164501 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background & aims COVID-19 has emerged as a global pandemic affecting millions of people. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the risk factors for increased susceptibility to COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the correlation between the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection and mortality rates among the adult population in European and Asian continents. Methods Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in each country was retrieved through literature searching on PubMed® database for the last ten years. As of December, 31st 2020, COVID-19 infections and mortalities per million population were extracted from the ‘real time’ statistics of the Worldometer website. The association between both vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infections and mortalities were explored. Results Forty seven countries were included in the analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 6.9 to 81.8% in European countries and 2.0–87.5% in Asian countries. Significantly positive correlations were observed for both COVID-19 infection (r = 0.76; p < 0.001) and mortality rates (r = 0.75; p < 0.001) in the Asian continent. The correlation values for the infections and mortality rates in the European continent were (r = 0.37; p = 0.08) and (r = 0.43; p = 0.04) respectively. When both the continents were combined, the correlation results for both infection (r = 0.42; p = 0.003) and mortality (r = 0.35; p = 0.016) rates with vitamin D deficiency values remained significant. Conclusion Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with the mortality rate of COVID-19 in Europe and Asia. The association between the infection rate and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significant for Asia only. Both the associations were significant when the two continents were combined in the analysis. Therefore we suggest that vitamin D supplementation could play a key role in the prevention and/or treatment of the COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhanushya T Jeyakumar
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Neil King
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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