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McCoy P, Mangiola S, Macintyre G, Hutchinson R, Tran B, Pope B, Georgeson P, Hong MKH, Kurganovs N, Lunke S, Clarkson MJ, Cmero M, Kerger M, Stuchbery R, Chow K, Haviv I, Ryan A, Costello AJ, Corcoran NM, Hovens CM. MSH2-deficient prostate tumours have a distinct immune response and clinical outcome compared to MSH2-deficient colorectal or endometrial cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:1167-1180. [PMID: 34108644 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications have shown patients with defects in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway driven by either MSH2 or MSH6 loss experience a significant increase in the incidence of prostate cancer. Moreover, this increased incidence of prostate cancer is accompanied by rapid disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that androgen-receptor activation, a key driver of prostate carcinogenesis, can disrupt the MSH2 gene in prostate cancer. We screened tumours from two cohorts (recurrent/non-recurrent) of prostate cancer patients to confirm the loss of MSH2 protein expression and identified decreased MSH2 expression in recurrent cases. Stratifying the independent TCGA prostate cancer cohort for MSH2/6 expression revealed that patients with lower levels of MSH2/6 had significant worse outcomes, in contrast, endometrial and colorectal cancer patients with lower MSH2/6 levels. MMRd endometrial and colorectal tumours showed the expected increase in mutational burden, microsatellite instability and enhanced immune cell mobilisation but this was not evident in prostate tumours. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that loss or reduced levels of MSH2/MSH6 protein in prostate cancer is associated with poor outcome. However, our data indicate that this is not associated with a statistically significant increase in mutational burden, microsatellite instability or immune cell mobilisation in a cohort of primary prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McCoy
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Stefano Mangiola
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoff Macintyre
- Statistics and Computational Biology Group, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Hutchinson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Tran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard Pope
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew K H Hong
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Kurganovs
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Clarkson
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marek Cmero
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Kerger
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Stuchbery
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chow
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Izhak Haviv
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Andrew Ryan
- TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Costello
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Imada EL, Sanchez DF, Dinalankara W, Vidotto T, Ebot EM, Tyekucheva S, Franco GR, Mucci LA, Loda M, Schaeffer EM, Lotan T, Marchionni L. Transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss in primary prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:856. [PMID: 34311724 PMCID: PMC8314517 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is the most frequently lost tumor suppressor in primary prostate cancer (PCa) and its loss is associated with aggressive disease. However, the transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss in PCa have not been described in detail. In this study, we highlight the transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss in PCa. METHODS Using a meta-analysis approach, we leveraged two large PCa cohorts with experimentally validated PTEN and ERG status by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), to derive a transcriptomic signature of PTEN loss, while also accounting for potential confounders due to ERG rearrangements. This signature was expanded to lncRNAs using the TCGA quantifications from the FC-R2 expression atlas. RESULTS The signatures indicate a strong activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems upon PTEN loss, as well as an expected activation of cell-cycle genes. Moreover, we made use of our recently developed FC-R2 expression atlas to expand this signature to include many non-coding RNAs recently annotated by the FANTOM consortium. Highlighting potential novel lncRNAs associated with PTEN loss and PCa progression. CONCLUSION We created a PCa specific signature of the transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss that comprises both the coding and an extensive non-coding counterpart, highlighting potential new players in PCa progression. We also show that contrary to what is observed in other cancers, PTEN loss in PCa leads to increased activation of the immune system. These findings can help the development of new biomarkers and help guide therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Luidy Imada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Wikum Dinalankara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Regina Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorelei Ann Mucci
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Wang YN, Liu SY, Wang L, Han LY. Long noncoding RNA PCA3 contributes to the progression of choriocarcinoma by acting as a ceRNA against miR-106b. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1609-1617. [PMID: 31933978 PMCID: PMC6947099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive gestational trophoblastic disease, with massive local trophoblast invasion and vascular percolation, resulting in multiple organ metastases. Recent evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate the expression and role of lncRNA PCA3 in the progression of choriocarcinoma. METHODS First, the expression of lncRNA PCA3 in choriocarcinoma cells was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Then functional assays such as cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, and invasion assay were conducted to determine the role of PCA3. In addition, the specific molecular mechanism was studied using western blot, luciferase assay, and rescue experiment. RESULTS We demonstrated that the expression of PCA3 is significantly higher in choriocarcinoma cells in contrast to normal human chorionic trophoblast cells. Furthermore, PCA3 could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gestational choriocarcinoma cells and facilitated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. In addition, PAC3 could directly bind to miR-106b and effectively liberate the expression of its endogenous target matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PCA3 contributes to the progression of choriocarcinoma by acting as a ceRNA against miR-106b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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van der Toom EE, Axelrod HD, de la Rosette JJ, de Reijke TM, Pienta KJ, Valkenburg KC. Prostate-specific markers to identify rare prostate cancer cells in liquid biopsies. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:7-22. [PMID: 30479377 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in early detection and advances in treatment, patients with prostate cancer continue to die from their disease. Minimal residual disease after primary definitive treatment can lead to relapse and distant metastases, and increasing evidence suggests that circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and bone marrow-derived disseminated tumour cells (BM-DTCs) can offer clinically relevant biological insights into prostate cancer dissemination and metastasis. Using epithelial markers to accurately detect CTCs and BM-DTCs is associated with difficulties, and prostate-specific markers are needed for the detection of these cells using rare cell assays. Putative prostate-specific markers have been identified, and an optimized strategy for staining rare cancer cells from liquid biopsies using these markers is required. The ideal prostate-specific marker will be expressed on every CTC or BM-DTC throughout disease progression (giving high sensitivity) and will not be expressed on non-prostate-cancer cells in the sample (giving high specificity). Some markers might not be specific enough to the prostate to be used as individual markers of prostate cancer cells, whereas others could be truly prostate-specific and would make ideal markers for use in rare cell assays. The goal of future studies is to use sensitive and specific prostate markers to consistently and reliably identify rare cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley D Axelrod
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Tao F, Tian X, Zhang Z. The PCAT3/PCAT9-miR-203-SNAI2 axis functions as a key mediator for prostate tumor growth and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12212-12225. [PMID: 29552304 PMCID: PMC5844740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be of great importance in the formation and progression of a wide range of human carcinomas including prostate cancer (PCa). Among them, PCAT3 and PCAT9 have been identified as two prostate tissue-specific lncRNAs and are up-regulated in PCa. However, their roles in the biological characteristics of PCa have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, our data revealed that knockdown of PCAT3 and PCAT9 suppressed cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and stemness in androgen-dependent LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Strikingly, bioinformatics analysis predicted that both PCAT3 and PCAT9 transcripts had two conserved binding sties for miR-203. Meanwhile, dual luciferase report assays revealed that miR-203 could suppress the luciferase activities of reporter plasmids carrying the binding site of miR-203 on the mRNA of PCAT3 or PCAT9. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) showed that miR-203 mimic reduced the expression of PCAT3 and PCAT9 both in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. We also noted that both PCAT3 and PCAT9 inhibited miR-203 expression and alleviated repression on the expression of SNAI2, a critical regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition directly targeted by miR-203. Functionally, silence of miR-203 or ectopic expression of SNAI2 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PCAT3 and PCAT9 knockdown on cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. Taken together, our data suggested that the PCAT3/PCAT9-miR-203-SNAI2 axis may serve as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A and M University and Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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7
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Ahadi A, Brennan S, Kennedy PJ, Hutvagner G, Tran N. Long non-coding RNAs harboring miRNA seed regions are enriched in prostate cancer exosomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24922. [PMID: 27102850 PMCID: PMC4840345 DOI: 10.1038/srep24922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) form the largest transcript class in the human transcriptome. These lncRNA are expressed not only in the cells, but they are also present in the cell-derived extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. The function of these lncRNAs in cancer biology is not entirely clear, but they appear to be modulators of gene expression. In this study, we characterize the expression of lncRNAs in several prostate cancer exosomes and their parental cell lines. We show that certain lncRNAs are enriched in cancer exosomes with the overall expression signatures varying across cell lines. These exosomal lncRNAs are themselves enriched for miRNA seeds with a preference for let-7 family members as well as miR-17, miR-18a, miR-20a, miR-93 and miR-106b. The enrichment of miRNA seed regions in exosomal lncRNAs is matched with a concomitant high expression of the same miRNA. In addition, the exosomal lncRNAs also showed an over representation of RNA binding protein binding motifs. The two most common motifs belonged to ELAVL1 and RBMX. Given the enrichment of miRNA and RBP sites on exosomal lncRNAs, their interplay may suggest a possible function in prostate cancer carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ahadi
- Centre for Human Centred Technology Design, University of Technology, Sydney.,Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney
| | - Samuel Brennan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney
| | - Paul J Kennedy
- Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney.,Centre for Quantum Computation and Intelligent Systems, University of Technology, Sydney
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney
| | - Nham Tran
- Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia
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