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Timková I, Maliničová L, Nosáľová L, Kolesárová M, Lorková Z, Petrová N, Pristaš P, Kisková J. Genomic insights into the adaptation of Acinetobacter johnsonii RB2-047 to the heavy metal-contaminated subsurface mine environment. Biometals 2024; 37:371-387. [PMID: 37973678 PMCID: PMC11006771 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The subsurface mine environments characterized by high levels of toxic metals and low nutrient availability represent an extreme threat to bacterial persistence. In recent study, the genomic analysis of the Acinetobacter johnsonii strain RB2-047 isolated from the Rozália Gold Mine in Slovakia was performed. As expected, the studied isolate showed a high level of heavy metal tolerance (minimum inhibitory concentrations were 500 mg/L for copper and nickel, 1,500 mg/L for lead, and 250 mg/L for zinc). The RB2-047 strain also showed noticeable resistance to several antibiotics (ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin). The genomic composition analysis demonstrated a low number of antibiotic and metal resistance coding genes, but a high occurrence of efflux transporter genes located on the bacterial chromosome. The experimental inhibition of efflux pumps resulted in decreased tolerance to Zn and Ni (but not to Cu and Pb) and to all antibiotics tested. In addition, the H33342 dye-accumulation assay confirmed the high efflux activity in the RB2-047 isolate. These findings showed the important role of efflux pumps in the adaptation of Acinetobacter johsonii strain RB2-047 to metal polluted mine environment as well as in development of multi-antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Timková
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Maliničová
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lea Nosáľová
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Kolesárová
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lorková
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Petrová
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Pristaš
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Kisková
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
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Krishnaraj A, Gupta P, Bhatia M, Omar BJ. Role of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Species Identification of Acinetobacter Strains. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:336-343. [PMID: 37564221 PMCID: PMC10411205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years. Objectives The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of Acinetobacter species with respect to conventional biochemical methods and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility test results Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. Materials and Methods The study sample comprised 100 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. They were all identified using MALDI-TOF MS and compared with other two identification systems. Statistical Analysis Comparison of categorical variables by Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test was done. All statistical tools were two tailed, and a significant level p < 0.05 was used. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS v22.0 (Armonk IBM Corp., New York, United States). Cohen's kappa coefficients were also calculated and used as applicable. Results MALDI-TOF MS revealed 92 A. baumannii , 2 Acinetobacter nosocomialis , 3 Acinetobacter lwoffii , and 1 each was identified as Acinetobacter junii , Acinetobacter johnsonii , and Acinetobacter tandoii . There was moderate agreement between identification by MicroScan WalkAway and MALDI-TOF, and substantial agreement between conventional biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. We found that there was a 100% categorical agreement with respect to susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) and cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime) between disk diffusion method and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system. Total of 16 errors were observed. Conclusion Although MALDI-TOF MS could be useful to identify A. baumannii but not other species in the genus, it is a rapid, reliable method and can be routinely used in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Krishnaraj
- Department of Microbiology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mohit Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Balram Ji Omar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
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Wunderlich A, Xanthopoulou K, Wille J, Wohlfarth E, Gerson S, Kaase M, Seifert H, Higgins PG. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter pittii isolates mediated by metallo-β-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:488-496. [PMID: 36537203 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the genetic environment of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) in carbapenem-resistant clinical Acinetobacter pittii isolates. METHODS Seventeen carbapenem-resistant A. pittii isolates harbouring an MBL were collected between 2010 and 2015 in Germany. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar dilution. Presence of MBLs was confirmed by PCR and their genetic location determined by S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern blot hybridization. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the Miseq and MinION platforms. Isolates were typed using an ad hoc core genome MLST scheme. Conjugation into A. baumannii was tested by broth mating. RESULTS In 10 isolates the MBL was plasmid-encoded and in seven isolates chromosomally encoded. blaGIM-1 and blaVIM-2 were plasmid-encoded, blaVIM-4 was chromosomally encoded, while blaNDM-1 was chromosomally encoded in four and plasmid-encoded in three isolates. Seven of ten plasmids were conjugative into A. baumannii. Although most isolates were unrelated, the backbones of the MBL-encoding plasmid showed >99% similarity and only differed in the MBL-encoding area. blaNDM-1-harbouring plasmids were highly similar to other plasmids from Acinetobacter isolates worldwide while the blaVIM-2- and blaGIM-1-encoding plasmids have not been described. CONCLUSIONS These data show the existence of a promiscuous plasmid circulating in A. pittii isolates in Germany that differs only in the MBL-encoding region. Its plasmid backbone has been found globally among multiple Acinetobacter spp. These data should raise awareness of an epidemic conjugative plasmid that has independently acquired MBLs. We should also consider that future comparative plasmid analysis will look beyond solely the resistome and include the mobile elements carrying the resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wunderlich
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kyriaki Xanthopoulou
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Wille
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Gerson
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Kaase
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Han M, Zhang L, Zhang N, Mao Y, Peng Z, Huang B, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Antibiotic resistome in a large urban-lake drinking water source in middle China: Dissemination mechanisms and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127745. [PMID: 34799156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing pollution of urban drinking water sources by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) threatens human health worldwide. However, the distribution and influencing factors of ARGs, especially how to reveal the risks of ARGs in this environment remains unclear. Hence, Chaohu Lake was selected as an example to investigate the characteristics of ARGs and explore the interactions among physicochemical factors, microorganisms, and ARGs by metagenomic approach. In this work, 75 ARG subtypes with an average of 30.4 × /Gb (ranging from 15.2 ×/Gb to 57.9 ×/Gb) were identified, and multidrug and bacA were most frequent in Chaohu Lake. Non-random co-occurrence patterns and potential host bacteria of ARGs were revealed through co-occurrence networks. Microbial community and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the major direct factors in ARG profiles. The dissemination of ARGs was mainly driven by plasmids. Considering the interactions among MGEs, human bacterial pathogens, and ARGs, antibiotic resistome risk index (ARRI) was proposed to manifest the risks of ARGs. Overall, our work systemically investigated the composition and associated factors of ARGs and built ARRI to estimate the potential risks of ARGs in a typical urban drinking water source, providing an intuitive indicator for managing similar lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Han
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430077, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yujie Mao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhangjie Peng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430077, China.
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Jia J, Liu M, Feng L, Wang Z. Comparative genomic analysis reveals the evolution and environmental adaptation of Acinetobacter johnsonii. Gene 2022; 808:145985. [PMID: 34600047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Genome plasticity is a key determinant that Acinetobacter johnsonii could widely distribute in natural and clinical environments. However, little attention has been paid to figure out the changes in the genome during A. johnsonii's evolution. Here, a comparative genomic analysis of A. johnsonii isolated from clinical and environmental sources was conducted. In this study, we found A. johnsonii has an open pan-genome and has great adaptability to different environments. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree, ANI value and the distribution of accessory genes, we found that strains from the same habitat had a high degree of similarity. Though genes associated with the fundamental process were mostly conserved in evolution, clinical-derived isolates accumulate more genes associated with translational modification, β-lactamase and defense mechanisms, whereas environmental-derived isolates enriched more genes related to substances degradation. In addition, clinical-derived strains harbored some "strong" virulence islands and resistance islands. This study highlights the evolutionary relationship of A. johnsonii isolates from clinical and environmental sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Leilei Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Abstract
Objectives Tamoxifen (TAM), which is used for treating breast cancer, has exhibited another important function as an antimicrobial agent. The objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial action of TAM against the bacteria present in the human oral cavity. Materials and Methods The bacteria present in the human oral cavity were isolated from healthy individuals. Different concentrations of TAM were tested against the isolated bacteria. Additionally, bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of TAM were also determined. Results Out of 23 isolated bacteria, a greater number of Gram-positive bacteria were highly susceptible to the low concentrations of TAM than Gram-negative bacteria. Kytococcus sedentarius, which is Gram-positive bacterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, which is Gram-negative bacterium, needed a high minimum inhibitory concentration value of TAM (2.5 mg/mL) to be inhibited by TAM's bacteriostatic action. Resistance to TAM was also observed in three strains of Gram-positive and four strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion TAM has shown a potential antibacterial effect against the bacteria present in the oral cavity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. This effect is mostly bacteriostatic. This study also found bacterial resistance toward TAM.
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Genome Sequences of Four Strains of Acinetobacter bereziniae Isolated from Human Milk Pumped with a Personal Breast Pump and Hand-Washed Milk Collection Supplies. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/44/e00770-20. [PMID: 33122407 PMCID: PMC7595943 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00770-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter bereziniae, formerly Acinetobacter genomospecies 10, is an opportunistic pathogen possessing resistance to multiple antibiotics, and it has been reported to be responsible for hospital-associated infections in immunocompromised individuals. We report the draft genome sequences of four Acinetobacter bereziniae strains that were isolated from a single human milk sample collected with a personal breast pump and a hand-washed milk collection kit. Acinetobacter bereziniae, formerly Acinetobacter genomospecies 10, is an opportunistic pathogen possessing resistance to multiple antibiotics, and it has been reported to be responsible for hospital-associated infections in immunocompromised individuals. We report the draft genome sequences of four Acinetobacter bereziniae strains that were isolated from a single human milk sample collected with a personal breast pump and a hand-washed milk collection kit.
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Crippen CS, Jr MJR, Sanchez S, Szymanski CM. Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Isolates Release Resistance Determinants Through Contact-Dependent Killing and Bacteriophage Lysis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1918. [PMID: 32922376 PMCID: PMC7456956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an ancient bacterial defense mechanism that has rapidly spread due to the frequent use of antibiotics for disease treatment and livestock growth promotion. We are becoming increasingly aware that pathogens, such as members of the genus Acinetobacter, are precipitously evolving drug resistances through multiple mechanisms, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we isolated three multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species from birds on a free-range farm. Acinetobacter radioresistens, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Acinetobacter johnsonii were isolated from hens, turkeys and ducks and were resistant to 14 clinically relevant antibiotics, including several listed by the World Health Organization as essential medicines. Co-culturing any of the three Acinetobacter species with Acinetobacter baumannii resulted in contact-dependent release of intact resistance determinants. We also isolated several lytic bacteriophages and selected two of these phages to be included in this study based on differences in plaquing characteristics, nucleic acid content and viral morphology. Both phages released host DNA, including antibiotic resistance genes during cell lysis and we demonstrated that these resistance determinants were transferable to a naïve strain of Escherichia coli. This study demonstrates that contact-dependent competition between bacterial species can readily contribute to DNA release into the environment, including antibiotic resistance determinants. We also highlight that the constant lysis and turnover of bacterial populations during the natural lifecycle of a lytic bacteriophage is an underappreciated mechanism for the liberation of DNA and subsequent genetic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay S Crippen
- Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael J Rothrock Jr
- United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Genetic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii: background, challenges and future prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4037-4046. [PMID: 32303957 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the multidrug-resistant era, many opportunistic pathogens including the species Acinetobacter baumannii have gained prominence and pose a major global threat to clinical health care. Pathogenicity in bacteria is genetically regulated by a complex network of transcription and virulence factors and a brief overview of the major investigations on comprehending these processes over the past few decades in A. baumanni are compiled here. Many investigators have employed genome sequencing techniques to identify the regions that contribute to antibiotic resistance and comparative genomics to study sequence similarities to understand evolutionary trends of resistance gene transfers between isolates. A summary of these studies given here provides an insight into the invasion and successful colonization of the species. The individual roles played by different genes, regulators & promoters, enzymes, metal ions as well as mobile elements in influencing antibiotic resistance are briefly discussed. Precautionary measures and prospects for developing future strategies by exploring promising new research targets in effective control of multidrug resistant A. baumannii are also analyzed.
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Tavares LCB, Cunha MPV, de Vasconcellos FM, Bertani AMDJ, de Barcellos TAF, Bueno MS, Santos CA, Sant'Ana DA, Ferreira AM, Mondelli AL, Montelli AC, Sadatsune T, Sacchi CT, Gonçalves CR, Tiba-Casas MR, Camargo CH. Genomic and Clinical Characterization of IMP-1-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter bereziniae Isolates from Bloodstream Infections in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1399-1404. [PMID: 32155381 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is the main species of the Acinetobacter genus; however, non-baumannii Acinetobacter (NBA) species causing infections have been described for the past years, as well as antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we describe the occurrence of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) IMP-1-producing Acinetobacter bereziniae isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in different patients but in the same intensive care unit among 134 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter screened. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to carbapenems, extended spectrum, and antipseudomonad cephalosporins, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Both A. bereziniae isolates shared the same ApaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Whole-genome sequencing of both isolates revealed that blaIMP-1 was embedded into an In86 Class I integron carrying also sul1, aac(6')-31, and aadA genes. A new sequence type (ST1309 Pasteur) was deposited. The virulence genes lpxC and ompA, seen in A. baumannii, were detected in the A. bereziniae strains. Recognition of A. bereziniae causing invasive MDR infection underscores the role of NBA species as human pathogens especially in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Calissi Brisolla Tavares
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thays Almeida Franco de Barcellos
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sardinha Bueno
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Terue Sadatsune
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from clinical infection samples and fecal survey samples in Southern China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:900. [PMID: 31660862 PMCID: PMC6819553 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter species has become a life-threatening problem. As a last resort in the treatment of gram-negative bacteria infection, resistance to colistin is also a serious problem. The aim of study was to analyze the mechanism of resistance and perform genotyping of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter from clinical infection and fecal survey samples in Southern China. Methods One hundred seventy and 74 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter were isolated from clinical infection samples and fecal survey samples, respectively. We detected the related genes, including carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24/40-like, blaOXA-51-like, and blaOXA-58-like), colistin resistance-related genes (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5), a porin gene (carO), efflux pump genes (adeA, adeB, adeC, adeI, adeJ, and adeK), mobile genetic element genes (intI1, intI2, intI3, tnpU, tnp513, IS26, ISAba1, and ISAba125), and the integron variable region. Genotyping was analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and dendrogram cluster analysis. Results Among the 244 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, the common carbapenemase-positive genes included the following: blaOXA-51-like, 183 (75.00%); blaOXA-23-like, 174 (71.30%); blaNDM-1, 57 (23.40%); and blaOXA-58-like, 30 (12.30%). The coexistence of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 in five strains of A. junii was found for the first time. Eleven distinct carO gene variants were detected in 164 (67.20%) strains, and ten novel variants, which shared 92–99% identity with sequences in the Genbank database, were first reported. Efflux system genes were present in approximately 70% of the isolates; adeABC and adeIJK were observed in 76.23 and 72.13%, respectively. Class 1 integrons were detected in 180 (73.80%) strains and revealed that four gene cassette arrays contained 11 distinct genes. The genotyping by ERIC-PCR demonstrated a high genetic diversity of non-baumannii Acinetobacter, and greater than 90% similarity to A. baumannii. Conclusions The blaNDM-1 gene was identified in up to 77% of the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter isolated from fecal survey samples, indicating that the gut might be a reservoir of resistant opportunistic bacteria. Intestinal bacteria can be transmitted through the fecal-hand, which is a clinical threat, thus, the monitoring of carbapenem-resistant bacteria from inpatients’ feces should be improved, especially for patients who have been using antibiotics for a long time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4423-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Cosgaya C, Ratia C, Marí-Almirall M, Rubio L, Higgins PG, Seifert H, Roca I, Vila J. In vitro and in vivo Virulence Potential of the Emergent Species of the Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) Group. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2429. [PMID: 31708900 PMCID: PMC6821683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased use of molecular identification methods and mass spectrometry has revealed that Acinetobacter spp. of the A. baumannii (Ab) group other than A. baumannii are increasingly being recovered from human samples and may pose a health challenge if neglected. In this study 76 isolates of 5 species within the Ab group (A. baumannii n = 16, A. lactucae n = 12, A. nosocomialis n = 16, A. pittii n = 20, and A. seifertii n = 12), were compared in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, carriage of intrinsic resistance genes, biofilm formation, and the ability to kill Caenorhabditis elegans in an infection assay. In agreement with previous studies, antimicrobial resistance was common among A. baumannii while all other species were generally more susceptible. Carriage of genes encoding different efflux pumps was frequent in all species and the presence of intrinsic class D β-lactamases was reported in A. baumannii, A. lactucae (heterotypic synonym of A. dijkshoorniae) and A. pittii but not in A. nosocomialis and A. seifertii. A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis presented weaker pathogenicity in our in vitro and in vivo models than A. seifertii, A. pittii and, especially, A. lactucae. Isolates from the former species showed decreased biofilm formation and required a longer time to kill C. elegans nematodes. These results suggest relevant differences in terms of antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the members of the Ab group as well as highlight a higher pathogenicity potential for the emerging species of the group in this particular model. Nevertheless, the impact of such potential in the human host still remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cosgaya
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ratia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ignasi Roca
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Espinal P, Pantel A, Rolo D, Marti S, López-Rojas R, Smani Y, Pachón J, Vila J, Lavigne JP. Relationship Between Different Resistance Mechanisms and Virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:752-760. [PMID: 30632884 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study analyzed the virulence of several Acinetobacter baumannii strains expressing different resistance mechanisms using the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. Results: Strains susceptible/resistant to carbapenems (presenting class D (OXA-23, OXA-24), class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) (NDM-1), penicillin binding protein (PBP) altered and decreased expression of Omp 33-36 kDa) and isogenic A. baumannii strains susceptible/resistant to colistin (presenting loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pmrA mutations) were included to evaluate the virulence using the C. elegans infection model. The nematode killing assay, bacterial ingestion in worms, and bacterial lawn avoidance assay were performed with the Fer-15 mutant line. A. baumannii strains generally presented low virulence, showing no difference between carbapenem-resistant strains (expressing class D, MBLs, or altered PBP) and their isogenic susceptible strains. In contrast, the absence of the Omp 33-36 kDa protein in the knockout was associated with a decrease of virulence, and a significant difference was observed between colistin-resistant mutants and their susceptible counterpart when the mechanism of resistance was associated with the loss of LPS but not with its modification. Conclusions: Resistance to carbapenems in A. baumannii associated with the production of OXA-type or NDM-type enzymes does not seem to affect their virulence in the C. elegans infection model. In contrast, the presence of Omp 33-36 kDa, and high level resistance to colistin related with the loss of LPS, might contribute with the virulence profile in A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Espinal
- 1 Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,2 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1047, Montpellier University, Nîmes, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- 2 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1047, Montpellier University, Nîmes, France.,3 Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Dora Rolo
- 1 Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Marti
- 4 Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.,5 Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Rojas
- 6 Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Younes Smani
- 6 Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- 6 Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- 1 Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- 2 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1047, Montpellier University, Nîmes, France.,3 Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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14
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Jamal S, Al Atrouni A, Rafei R, Dabboussi F, Hamze M, Osman M. Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, with a special focus on its epidemiology in Lebanon. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:154-163. [PMID: 29859266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterium involved in several types of infection with high mortality and morbidity, especially in intensive care units. Treatment of these infections remains a challenge due to the worldwide emergence of broad-spectrum resistance to many antibiotics. Following the implementation of molecular techniques to study A. baumannii outbreaks, it has been shown that they are mainly caused by specific clones such as international clones I, II and III. The present work aims to review the available data on the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance in A. baumannii, with a special focus on the molecular epidemiology of this species in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Jamal
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Al Atrouni
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
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15
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Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M. Trends and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter spp. invasive isolates in Europe: A country-level analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:29-32. [PMID: 29879490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated trends and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Acinetobacter spp. in Europe. METHODS Using data from EARS-Net, population-weighted multilevel logistic regression models with random intercepts for each participating country were performed to assess trends in Acinetobacter AMR. Countries were divided into two groups (Northern versus Southern-Eastern) using a convenient US$35000 cut-off of the 2016 gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC). RESULTS In most countries, there were no ascending or descending trends over time. The models showed a consistent higher prevalence of AMR to aminoglycosides, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones in countries with GDPPC <US$35000. The estimated 2016 proportion of Acinetobacter resistance was 6.4% (95% CI 3.2-9.6%) and 66.5% (95% CI 56.3-76.8%) to aminoglycosides, 5.9% (95% CI 3.5-8.3%) and 68.5% (95% CI 58.1-79%) to carbapenems, 9.1% (95% CI 5.8-12.5%) and 74.7% (95% CI 66.2-83.2%) to fluoroquinolones, and 3.5% (95% CI 1.6-5.4%) and 57.4% (95% CI 43.1-71.7%) to all three antibiotic groups in countries with GDPPC >US$35000 and <US$35000, respectively. In a multivariable model, country-level factors associated with a lower risk of Acinetobacter carbapenem resistance were greater GDPPC [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.18 per log-US$, 95% CI 0.09-0.34] and distance from the equator (aOR=0.93 per degree of latitude, 95% CI 0.88-0.98). CONCLUSIONS No rising trends of AMR in Acinetobacter spp. in Europe were observed. Northern countries, with colder climate and greater GDPPC, have a lower proportion of Acinetobacter AMR than Southern and Eastern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Alvarez-Uria
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rural Development Trust Hospital, Kadiri Road, Bathalapalli 515661, AP, India; Fundación Vicente Ferrer, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manoranjan Midde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rural Development Trust Hospital, Kadiri Road, Bathalapalli 515661, AP, India
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16
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Comparison of clinical manifestations and antibiotic resistances among three genospecies of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191748. [PMID: 29389980 PMCID: PMC5794090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) complex has emerged as a high priority among hospital-acquired pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs), posing a challenge to infection management practices. In this study, the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and patients outcome among genospecies were retrospectively compared. Samples were taken from the tracheal secretions of 143 patients in the ICU. Genospecies of the ACB complex were discriminated by analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer (ITS) sequence. Univariate and multiple variable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for infection and mortality. Three genospecies were isolated: A. baumannii (73, 51.0%), A. nosocomialis (29, 20.3%), and A. pittii (41, 28.7%). The results showed that the distribution of infection and colonization among the three genospecies were the same, while A. baumannii was more resistant to common antibiotics than A. nosocomialis and A. pittii. Advanced age, a long stay in the ICU, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, the use of a mechanical ventilator, and previous antibiotic use were risk factors for patient infection. The APACHE II score was a risk factor for mortality in patients with ACB complex isolated from tracheal secretions. Poor outcome of patients with ACB complex isolated from tracheal secretion appears to be related to the APACHE II score rather than genospecies.
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17
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MALDI-TOF MS for the Identification of Cultivable Organic-Degrading Bacteria in Contaminated Groundwater near Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction Sites. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030047. [PMID: 28796186 PMCID: PMC5620638 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater quality and quantity is of extreme importance as it is a source of drinking water in the United States. One major concern has emerged due to the possible contamination of groundwater from unconventional oil and natural gas extraction activities. Recent studies have been performed to understand if these activities are causing groundwater contamination, particularly with respect to exogenous hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. The impact of contaminants on microbial ecology is an area to be explored as alternatives for water treatment are necessary. In this work, we identified cultivable organic-degrading bacteria in groundwater in close proximity to unconventional natural gas extraction. Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter haemolyticus were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which proved to be a simple, fast, and reliable method. Additionally, the potential use of the identified bacteria in water and/or wastewater bioremediation was studied by determining the ability of these microorganisms to degrade toluene and chloroform. In fact, these bacteria can be potentially applied for in situ bioremediation of contaminated water and wastewater treatment, as they were able to degrade both compounds.
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18
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Acinetobacter lwoffii Peritonitis in a Patient on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Nephrol 2017; 2017:5760254. [PMID: 28815095 PMCID: PMC5549489 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5760254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter lwoffii, a nonfermentative gram-negative aerobic bacillus, which presents in the normal flora of the oropharynx and skin, has recently been reported as a cause of human infection. Herein, the authors present a case report of peritonitis related to automated peritoneal dialysis caused by A. lwoffii.
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19
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Jeong S, Hong JS, Kim JO, Kim KH, Lee W, Bae IK, Lee K, Jeong SH. Identification of Acinetobacter Species Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Ann Lab Med 2017; 36:325-34. [PMID: 27139605 PMCID: PMC4855052 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii has a greater clinical impact and exhibits higher antimicrobial resistance rates than the non-baumannii Acinetobacter species. Therefore, the correct identification of Acinetobacter species is clinically important. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has recently become the method of choice for identifying bacterial species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Germany) in combination with an improved database to identify various Acinetobacter species. Methods A total of 729 Acinetobacter clinical isolates were investigated, including 447 A. baumannii, 146 A. nosocomialis, 78 A. pittii, 18 A. ursingii, 9 A. bereziniae, 9 A. soli, 4 A. johnsonii, 4 A. radioresistens, 3 A. gyllenbergii, 3 A. haemolyticus, 2 A. lwoffii, 2 A. junii, 2 A. venetianus, and 2 A. genomospecies 14TU. After 212 isolates were tested with the default Bruker database, the profiles of 63 additional Acinetobacter strains were added to the default database, and 517 isolates from 32 hospitals were assayed for validation. All strains in this study were confirmed by rpoB sequencing. Results The addition of the 63 Acinetobacter strains' profiles to the default Bruker database increased the overall concordance rate between MALDI-TOF MS and rpoB sequencing from 69.8% (148/212) to 100.0% (517/517). Moreover, after library modification, all previously mismatched 64 Acinetobacter strains were correctly identified. Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS enables the prompt and accurate identification of clinically significant Acinetobacter species when used with the improved database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Han Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woonhyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Il Kwon Bae
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical and Life Science, Shilla University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Molecular epidemiology and spatiotemporal analysis of hospital-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a tertiary care hospital in southern Thailand. J Hosp Infect 2017; 95:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Kröger C, Kary SC, Schauer K, Cameron ADS. Genetic Regulation of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Genes (Basel) 2016; 8:genes8010012. [PMID: 28036056 PMCID: PMC5295007 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant microorganisms are forecast to become the single biggest challenge to medical care in the 21st century. Over the last decades, members of the genus Acinetobacter have emerged as bacterial opportunistic pathogens, in particular as challenging nosocomial pathogens because of the rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistances. Although we lack fundamental biological insight into virulence mechanisms, an increasing number of researchers are working to identify virulence factors and to study antibiotic resistance. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the regulation of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. A survey of the two-component systems AdeRS, BaeSR, GacSA and PmrAB explains how each contributes to antibiotic resistance and virulence gene expression, while BfmRS regulates cell envelope structures important for pathogen persistence. A. baumannii uses the transcription factors Fur and Zur to sense iron or zinc depletion and upregulate genes for metal scavenging as a critical survival tool in an animal host. Quorum sensing, nucleoid-associated proteins, and non-classical transcription factors such as AtfA and small regulatory RNAs are discussed in the context of virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Kröger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Stefani C Kary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Kristina Schauer
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim 85764, Germany.
| | - Andrew D S Cameron
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 042, Canada.
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22
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Montaña S, Schramm STJ, Traglia GM, Chiem K, Parmeciano Di Noto G, Almuzara M, Barberis C, Vay C, Quiroga C, Tolmasky ME, Iriarte A, Ramírez MS. The Genetic Analysis of an Acinetobacter johnsonii Clinical Strain Evidenced the Presence of Horizontal Genetic Transfer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161528. [PMID: 27548264 PMCID: PMC4993456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter johnsonii rarely causes human infections. While most A. johnsonii isolates are susceptible to virtually all antibiotics, strains harboring a variety of β-lactamases have recently been described. An A. johnsonii Aj2199 clinical strain recovered from a hospital in Buenos Aires produces PER-2 and OXA-58. We decided to delve into its genome by obtaining the whole genome sequence of the Aj2199 strain. Genome comparison studies on Aj2199 revealed 240 unique genes and a close relation to strain WJ10621, isolated from the urine of a patient in China. Genomic analysis showed evidence of horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) events. Forty-five insertion sequences and two intact prophages were found in addition to several resistance determinants such as blaPER-2, blaOXA-58, blaTEM-1, strA, strB, ereA, sul1, aacC2 and a new variant of blaOXA-211, called blaOXA-498. In particular, blaPER-2 and blaTEM-1 are present within the typical contexts previously described in the Enterobacteriaceae family. These results suggest that A. johnsonii actively acquires exogenous DNA from other bacterial species and concomitantly becomes a reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Montaña
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sareda T. J. Schramm
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - German Matías Traglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Gisela Parmeciano Di Noto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo E. Tolmasky
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Identification of NDM-1 in a Putatively Novel Acinetobacter Species ("NB14") Closely Related to Acinetobacter pittii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6657-60. [PMID: 26259796 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01455-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the molecular characterization of a plasmid-located blaNDM-1 harbored by an Acinetobacter clinical isolate recovered from a patient in Turkey that putatively constitutes a novel Acinetobacter species, as shown by its distinct ARDRA (amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis) profile and molecular sequencing techniques. blaNDM-1 was carried by a conjugative plasmid widespread among non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates, suggesting its potential for dissemination before reaching more clinically relevant Acinetobacter species.
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Quiñones D, Carvajal I, Perez Y, Hart M, Perez J, Garcia S, Salazar D, Ghosh S, Kawaguchiya M, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. High prevalence of bla OXA-23 in Acinetobacter spp. and detection of bla NDM-1 in A. soli in Cuba: report from National Surveillance Program (2010-2012). New Microbes New Infect 2015; 7:52-6. [PMID: 26236494 PMCID: PMC4511621 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a first national surveillance of Acinetobacter in Cuba, a total of 500 Acinetobacter spp. isolates recovered from 30 hospitals between 2010 and 2012 were studied. Acinetobacter baumannii–calcoaceticus complex accounted for 96.4% of all the Acinetobacter isolates, while other species were detected at low frequency (A. junii 1.6%, A. lwoffii 1%, A. haemolyticus 0.8%, A. soli 0.2%). Resistance rates of isolates were 34–61% to third-generation cephalosporins, 49–50% to β-lactams/inhibitor combinations, 42–47% to aminoglycosides, 42–44% to carbapenems and 55% to ciprofloxacin. However, resistance rates to colistin, doxycycline, tetracycline and rifampin were less than 5%. Among carbapenem-resistant isolates, 75% harboured different blaOXA genes (OXA-23, 73%; OXA-24, 18%; OXA-58, 3%). The blaNDM-1 gene was identified in an A. soli strain, of which the species was confirmed by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene, rpoB, rpoB–rpoC and rpoL–rpoB intergenic spacer regions and gyrB. The sequences of blaNDM-1 and its surrounding genes were identical to those reported for plasmids of A. baumannii and A. lwoffi strains. This is the first report of blaNDM-1 in A. soli, together with a high prevalence of OXA-23 carbapenemase for carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. in Cuba.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Quiñones
- Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', Havana City, Cuba
| | - I Carvajal
- Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', Havana City, Cuba
| | - Y Perez
- Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', Havana City, Cuba
| | - M Hart
- 'Hermanos Ameijeiras' Hospital, Havana City, Cuba
| | - J Perez
- Pediátrico 'J. M. Márquez' Hospital, Havana City, Cuba
| | - S Garcia
- 'V. I. Lenin' Hospital, Holguín, Holguín, Cuba
| | - D Salazar
- Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', Havana City, Cuba
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan ; Department of Biomedical Science, Ross University School of Medicine, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - M Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M S Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Wang YC, Lee YT, Yang YS, Chen CT, Chiu CH, Yin T, Kuo SC, Chen TL, Lin JC, Wang FD, Fung CP, Chang FY. Risk factors and outcome for colistin-resistant Acinetobacter nosocomialis bacteraemia in patients without previous colistin exposure. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:758-64. [PMID: 25980356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical characteristics of patients with colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia have been documented, but those of patients with bacteraemia caused by other Acinetobacter species remain unknown. Previous exposure to colistin has been shown to be associated with the emergence of colistin resistance, but may be not the only predisposing factor. In the current study, we highlight the risk and outcome of patients without previous exposure to colistin who acquired colistin-resistant Acinetobacter nosocomialis (ColRAN) bacteraemia. This 11-year single-centre retrospective study analysed 58 patients with ColRAN bacteraemia and 213 patients with colistin-susceptible A. nosocomialis (ColSAN) bacteraemia. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined with an agar dilution method. The clonal relationship of ColRAN isolates was determined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A conjugation mating-out assay was conducted to delineate the potential transfer of colistin resistance genes. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for ColRAN bacteraemia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was independently associated with ColRAN bacteraemia (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.45-6.37; p 0.003). Patients with ColRAN bacteraemia had higher APACHE II scores, but the two groups showed no significant differences in 14-day mortality (10.3% vs. 10.3%) or 28-day mortality (15.5% vs. 15.0%). ColRAN isolates had greater resistance than ColSAN isolates to all antimicrobial agents except for ciprofloxacin (0% vs. 6.6%). There were 16 different ColRAN pulsotypes, and two major clones were found. Colistin resistance did not transfer to colistin-susceptible A. baumannii or A. nosocomialis. These results show that COPD is an independent risk factor for acquisition of ColRAN bacteraemia. The mortality rates were similar between patients with ColRAN and ColSAN bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan; Penghu Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Penghu, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-T Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-T Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Yin
- Songshan Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-C Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - T-L Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - J-C Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-D Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-P Fung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-Y Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gu DX, Hu YJ, Zhou HW, Zhang R, Chen GX. Substitutions of Ser83Leu in GyrA and Ser80Leu in ParC Associated with Quinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter pittii. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 21:345-51. [PMID: 25514581 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and the mechanism of quinolone-resistant Acinetobacter pittii, 634 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates were collected throughout Zhejiang Province. Identification of isolates was conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), blaOXA-51-like gene, and partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) amplification. Twenty-seven isolates of A. pittii were identified. Among the 634 isolates, A. baumannii, A. pittii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, and A. calcoaceticus counted for 87.22%, 4.26%, 8.20%, and 0.32%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility of nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin for 27 A. pittii were determined by the agar dilution method. Detection of quinolone-resistant determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE was performed for the A. pittii isolates. In addition, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, qnrD, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, oqxA, and oqxB) were investigated. All the 27 isolates demonstrated a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to old quinolones than the new fluoroquinolones. No mutation in gyrA, gyrB, parC, or parE was detected in 20 ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates. Seven ciprofloxacin-resistant A. pittii were identified with a Ser83Leu mutation in GyrA. Among them, six isolates with simultaneous Ser83Leu amino acid substitution in GyrA and Ser80Leu in ParC displayed higher MIC values against ciprofloxacin. Additionally, three were identified with a Met370Ile substitution in ParE, and two were detected with a Tyr317His mutation in ParE, which were reported for the first time. No PMQR determinants were identified in the 27 A. pittii isolates. In conclusion, mutations in chromosome play a major role in quinolone resistance in A. pittii, while resistance mechanisms mediated by plasmid have not been found. Ser83Leu substitution in GyrA and Ser80Leu substitution in ParC are associated with quinolone resistance in A. pittii. Whether Met370Ile and Tyr317His substitutions in ParE play a minor role requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-xia Gu
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
| | | | - Hong-wei Zhou
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Gong-xiang Chen
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
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Zhang HZ, Zhang JS, Qiao L. The Acinetobacter baumannii group: a systemic review. World J Emerg Med 2014; 4:169-74. [PMID: 25215113 PMCID: PMC4129852 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Acinetobacter baumannii group, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter genomospecies 3 and 13TU, is phenotypically indistinguishable and uniformly identified as Acinetobacter baumannii by laboratories of clinical microbiology. This review aimed to demonstrate the differences among them. METHODS Literatures associated with the Acinetobacter baumannii group were identified and selected from PubMed databases and relevant journals. RESULTS Acinetobacter genospecies 3 and 13TU possess a certain proportion in clinical isolates. There were considerable differences in epidemiologic features, clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistances and therapeutic options among the Acinetobacter baumannii group. Compared with Acinetobacter genomospecies 3 and 13TU, Acinetobacter baumannii with a higher resistance to antimicrobial agents are easier to be treated inappropriately, and present a worse outcome in patients. CONCLUSION The Acinetobacter baumannii group comprises three distinct clinical entities, and their clinical value are not equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Clinical outcomes of hospital-acquired infection with Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Acinetobacter pittii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4172-9. [PMID: 24820079 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02992-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Acinetobacter pittii, which belong to the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex, in hospital-acquired infections is increasingly recognized. Here we describe a retrospective cohort study of hospital-acquired A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex infections at a university hospital in Thailand. A total of 222 unique cases were identified between January 2010 and December 2011. The genomospecies of the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex isolates were classified as follows: A. baumannii, 197 (89%); A. nosocomialis, 18 (8%); and A. pittii, 7 (3%). All A. nosocomialis and A. pittii isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. The patients infected with A. nosocomialis and A. pittii had lower 30-day mortality than those infected with carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (P = 0.025) and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (P = 0.013). The factors influencing 30-day mortality were infection with non-baumannii A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex (hazard ratio [HR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 0.51; P = 0.004), infection with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.89 to 2.79; P = 0.105), appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.61; P < 0.001), and higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.19; P < 0.001). In Galleria mellonella assays, the survival rates were significantly higher for the larvae infected with A. nosocomialis or A. pittii than for those infected with either carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii or carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, but no differences in survival rates were observed between carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. These findings suggest intrinsic differences in virulence between non-baumannii A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex species and A. baumannii but not between carbapenem-susceptible and resistant A. baumannii.
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An emerging public health problem: acquired carbapenemase-producing microorganisms are present in food-producing animals, their environment, companion animals and wild birds. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:290-7. [PMID: 24629777 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the emergence and global spread of microorganisms with acquired carbapenemases is of great concern. The reservoirs for such organisms are increasing, not only in hospitals, but also in the community and environment. A new and important development is the presence of such organisms in livestock, companion animals and wildlife. During the last three years, carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. (VIM-1 producers) and Acinetobacter spp. (producing OXA-23 and NDM-1) in livestock animals (poultry, cattle and swine) and their environment have been reported. In addition, the isolation of NDM-1-producing E. coli, OXA-48 in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae or OXA-23 in Acinetobacter spp. from companion animals (cats, dogs or horses) has also been observed. Other reports have described the presence of NDM-1-producing Salmonella isolated from wild birds, as well as OXA-23-like-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in ectoparasites. However, until now carbapenemase producers from foods have not been detected. For humans in contrast carbapenem-producing Salmonella isolates are increasingly reported. The real prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes in zoonotic bacteria or commensals from animals is unknown. Consequently, there is a need for intensified surveillance on the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in the food chain and other animal sources in order to assist in the formulation of measures to prevent their potential spread.
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Identification of 50 class D β-lactamases and 65 Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases in Acinetobacter spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:936-49. [PMID: 24277043 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01261-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing of a collection of 103 Acinetobacter strains belonging to 22 validly named species and another 16 putative species allowed detection of genes for 50 new class D β-lactamases and 65 new Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases (ADC). All oxacillinases (OXA) contained the three typical motifs of class D β-lactamases, STFK, (F/Y)GN, and K(S/T)G. The phylogenetic tree drawn from the OXA sequences led to an increase in the number of OXA groups from 7 to 18. The topologies of the OXA and RpoB phylogenetic trees were similar, supporting the ancient acquisition of blaOXA genes by Acinetobacter species. The class D β-lactamase genes appeared to be intrinsic to several species, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Acinetobacter lwoffii. Neither blaOXA-40/143- nor blaOXA-58-like genes were detected, and their origin remains therefore unknown. The phylogenetic tree analysis based on the alignment of the sequences deduced from blaADC revealed five main clusters, one containing ADC belonging to species closely related to A. baumannii and the others composed of cephalosporinases from the remaining species. No indication of blaOXA or blaADC transfer was observed between distantly related species, except for blaOXA-279, possibly transferred from Acinetobacter genomic species 6 to Acinetobacter parvus. Analysis of β-lactam susceptibility of seven strains harboring new oxacillinases and cloning of the corresponding genes in Escherichia coli and in a susceptible A. baumannii strain indicated very weak hydrolysis of carbapenems. Overall, this study reveals a large pool of β-lactamases in different Acinetobacter spp., potentially transferable to pathogenic strains of the genus.
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Kaase M, Szabados F, Pfennigwerth N, Anders A, Geis G, Pranada AB, Rößler S, Lang U, Gatermann SG. Description of the metallo-β-lactamase GIM-1 in Acinetobacter pittii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:81-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Espinal P, Seifert H, Dijkshoorn L, Vila J, Roca I. Rapid and accurate identification of genomic species from the Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) group by MALDI-TOF MS. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vila J, Pachón J. Therapeutic options forAcinetobacter baumanniiinfections: an update. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:2319-36. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.729820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huddam B, Koçak G, Azak A, Duranay M. Acinetobacter lwoffiiPeritonitis in a Patient Receiving Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2012; 17:117-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2012.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Early insights into the interactions of different β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors against soluble forms of Acinetobacter baumannii PBP1a and Acinetobacter sp. PBP3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:5687-92. [PMID: 22908165 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01027-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an increasingly problematic pathogen in United States hospitals. Antibiotics that can treat A. baumannii are becoming more limited. Little is known about the contributions of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), the target of β-lactam antibiotics, to β-lactam-sulbactam susceptibility and β-lactam resistance in A. baumannii. Decreased expression of PBPs as well as loss of binding of β-lactams to PBPs was previously shown to promote β-lactam resistance in A. baumannii. Using an in vitro assay with a reporter β-lactam, Bocillin, we determined that the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) for PBP1a from A. baumannii and PBP3 from Acinetobacter sp. ranged from 1 to 5 μM for a series of β-lactams. In contrast, PBP3 demonstrated a narrower range of IC(50)s against β-lactamase inhibitors than PBP1a (ranges, 4 to 5 versus 8 to 144 μM, respectively). A molecular model with ampicillin and sulbactam positioned in the active site of PBP3 reveals that both compounds interact similarly with residues Thr526, Thr528, and Ser390. Accepting that many interactions with cell wall targets are possible with the ampicillin-sulbactam combination, the low IC(50)s of ampicillin and sulbactam for PBP3 may contribute to understanding why this combination is effective against A. baumannii. Unraveling the contribution of PBPs to β-lactam susceptibility and resistance brings us one step closer to identifying which PBPs are the best targets for novel β-lactams.
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Fu Y, Du X, Ji J, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Yu Y. Epidemiological characteristics and genetic structure of blaNDM-1 in non-baumannii Acinetobacter spp. in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2114-22. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Roca I, Espinal P, Vila-Farrés X, Vila J. The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: Commensal Hospital Dweller Turned Pan-Drug-Resistant Menace. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:148. [PMID: 22536199 PMCID: PMC3333477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved from being a commensal dweller of health-care facilities to constitute one of the most annoying pathogens responsible for hospitalary outbreaks and it is currently considered one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. In a prevalence study of infections in intensive care units conducted among 75 countries of the five continents, this microorganism was found to be the fifth most common pathogen. Two main features contribute to the success of A. baumannii: (i) A. baumannii exhibits an outstanding ability to accumulate a great variety of resistance mechanisms acquired by different mechanisms, either mutations or acquisition of genetic elements such as plasmids, integrons, transposons, or resistant islands, making this microorganism multi- or pan-drug-resistant and (ii) The ability to survive in the environment during prolonged periods of time which, combined with its innate resistance to desiccation and disinfectants, makes A. baumannii almost impossible to eradicate from the clinical setting. In addition, its ability to produce biofilm greatly contributes to both persistence and resistance. In this review, the pathogenesis of the infections caused by this microorganism as well as the molecular bases of antibacterial resistance and clinical aspects such as treatment and potential future therapeutic strategies are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Roca
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, IDIBAPS and Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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First carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter soli in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2786-7. [PMID: 22354294 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00021-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Figueiredo S, Bonnin RA, Poirel L, Duranteau J, Nordmann P. Identification of the naturally occurring genes encoding carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinases from Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 18:907-13. [PMID: 22128805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance is increasingly being reported among Acinetobacter species, and results mostly from the expression of acquired carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinases (CHDLs). Several Acinetobacter species intrinsically possess chromosomal CHDL genes: Acinetobacter baumannii (bla(OXA-51) ), Acinetobacter radioresistens (bla(OXA-23) ), and Acinetobacter lwoffii (bla(OXA-134) ). We aimed to identify the progenitors of novel CHDL-encoding genes for identification of potential reservoirs. We performed PCR screening using degenerated internal primers designed from a sequence alignment of the known CHDLs (OXA-23, OXA-40, OXA-51, OXA-58, OXA-134, and OXA-143) applied to a collection of 50 Acinetobacter strains belonging to 23 different species. Two strains of Acinetobacter johnsonii, one strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and two strains of Acinetobacter haemolyticus were found to harbour, respectively, the totally novel bla(OXA-211) -like, bla(OXA-213) -like and bla(OXA-214) -like genes. In addition, the complete genomes of those three species available in GenBank, i.e. one A. johnsonii genome, four A. calcoaceticus genomes, and one A. haemolyticus genome, were analysed and found to be positive for the presence of bla(OXA211) -like, bla(OXA-213) -like and bla(OXA-214) -like genes, respectively. The β-lactamases OXA-211, OXA-213 and OXA-214 are diverse, with amino acid identities ranging from 53% to 76%, as compared with the naturally occurring OXA-51-like CHDL from A. baumannii. These β-lactamases showed a peculiar hydrolysis profile, including mostly penicillins and carbapenems. Regarding bla(OXA-23) in A. radioresistens and bla(OXA-134) in A. lwoffii, these genes were not expressed (or expressed at a non-significant level) in their host. Detection of these β-lactamase genes might be used as a useful tool for accurate identification of these Acinetobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Figueiredo
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, INSERM U914 Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics, Département Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, K.-Bicêtre, France
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Park YK, Jung SI, Park KH, Kim SH, Ko KS. Characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. other than Acinetobacter baumannii in South Korea. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 39:81-5. [PMID: 21996405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have been performed on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, only a few studies have addressed carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. other than A. baumannii (non-baumannii Acinetobacter). Amongst 287 Acinetobacter spp. isolates from patients with bacteraemia in a South Korean hospital collected between 2003 and 2010, 160 (55.7%) were non-baumannii Acinetobacter spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and the effect of efflux pump inhibitors was examined. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis was performed. OprD expression was also evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and CarO disruption was investigated by PCR. Seventeen non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates (10.6%) were resistant to imipenem or meropenem, comprising eight Acinetobacter pittii (or Acinetobacter genomospecies 3), four Acinetobacter nosocomialis (or Acinetobacter genomospecies 13TU), two Acinetobacter genomospecies 'close to 13TU', two Acinetobacter bereziniae (or Acinetobacter genomospecies 10) and one Acinetobacter genomospecies 16. bla(IMP-1) genes were detected in seven and two carbapenem-resistant A. pittii and A. bereziniae isolates, respectively. PFGE showed that A. pittii isolates carrying bla(IMP-1) belonged to the same clone. In addition, bla(SIM-1) and bla(PER-1) genes were simultaneously identified in two A. nosocomialis isolates. In four isolates (one each of A. pittii, A. nosocomialis, Acinetobacter genomospecies 'close to 13TU' and Acinetobacter genomospecies 16), efflux pumps were implicated in the increase in carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations. No decreased expression of OprD was identified in any carbapenem-resistant non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates, and disruption of carO was also not detected. Clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant A. pittii carrying bla(IMP-1), which contributes to a high resistance rate in this species, was identified. The bla(IMP-1) and bla(SIM-1) genes were first identified in A. bereziniae and A. nosocomialis, respectively. Since no carbapenem resistance mechanisms could be identified, further efforts to find the resistance mechanism should be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Park YK, Jung SI, Park KH, Kim DH, Choi JY, Kim SH, Ko KS. Changes in antimicrobial susceptibility and major clones of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolates from a single hospital in Korea over 7 years. J Med Microbiol 2011; 61:71-79. [PMID: 21852525 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.033852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter species have emerged as opportunistic nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units. Epidemic spread and outbreaks of multidrug-resistant or carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections have been described worldwide. Species distribution, antimicrobial resistance and genotypes were investigated for Acinetobacter species isolates collected from a single institution in Korea over 7 years. Two hundred and eighty-seven Acinetobacter species isolates were collected from patients with bloodstream infections in one Korean hospital from 2003 to 2010. Most of them belonged to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (94.4 %). The most frequently isolated species was A. baumannii (44.2 %), followed by Acinetobacter nosocomialis (formerly Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU) (34.1 %). The proportion of A. baumannii increased significantly from 2008 to 2010 (40.4 to 50.0 %). From 2008, imipenem and meropenem resistance rates increased significantly compared with 2003-2007 (12.9 % and 20.5 %, respectively, to 41.4 % and 41.5 %, respectively). An increased carbapenem resistance rate between the two periods was identified more clearly amongst A. baumannii isolates. Polymyxin-resistant A. baumannii isolates emerged in 2008-2010, despite the availability of few isolates. The increase of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii might be due to the substitution of main clones. Although ST92 and ST69 were the most prevalent clones amongst A. baumannii in 2003-2007 (47.8 % and 15.9 %, respectively), ST75 and ST138 had increased in 2008-2010 (39.7 % and 25.9 %, respectively). Although ST92 showed moderate resistance to carbapenems, most ST75 and ST138 isolates were resistant to carbapenems. All ST75 and ST138 isolates, but only one ST92 isolate, contained the bla(OXA-23-like) gene. Increased carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter species and A. baumannii isolates might be due to the expansion of specific carbapenem-resistant clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Hwa Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hun Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Vila J, Pachón J. Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to everything: what should we do? Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:955-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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