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Xu B, Li S, Shi R, Liu H. Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:435. [PMID: 37996406 PMCID: PMC10667354 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are recognized as a prime example of nanotechnology applied in the biomedical field, due to their easily tunable structure and composition, diverse surface functionalization properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Over the past two decades, researchers have developed a wide variety of MSNs-based nanoplatforms through careful design and controlled preparation techniques, demonstrating their adaptability to various biomedical application scenarios. With the continuous breakthroughs of MSNs in the fields of biosensing, disease diagnosis and treatment, tissue engineering, etc., MSNs are gradually moving from basic research to clinical trials. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of MSNs in the biomedical field, beginning with a comprehensive overview of their development history. We then discuss the types of MSNs-based nanostructured architectures, as well as the classification of MSNs-based nanocomposites according to the elements existed in various inorganic functional components. Subsequently, we summarize the primary purposes of surface-functionalized modifications of MSNs. In the following, we discuss the biomedical applications of MSNs, and highlight the MSNs-based targeted therapeutic modalities currently developed. Given the importance of clinical translation, we also summarize the progress of MSNs in clinical trials. Finally, we take a perspective on the future direction and remaining challenges of MSNs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 100035, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Bionanomaterials & Translational Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Schmid R, Volcic M, Fischer S, Qu Z, Barth H, Popat A, Kirchhoff F, Lindén M. Surface functionalization affects the retention and bio-distribution of orally administered mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a colitis mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20175. [PMID: 37978264 PMCID: PMC10656483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the many advantages of oral drug administration, challenges like premature drug degradation and limited bioavailability in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) remain. A prolonged residence time in the GIT is beneficial for enhancing the therapeutic outcome when treating diseases associated with an increased intestinal clearance rate, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we synthesized rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or hyaluronic acid (HA) and investigated their bio-distribution upon oral administration in vivo. The negatively charged, non-toxic particles showed different accumulation behavior over time in healthy mice and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. PEGylated particles were shown to accumulate in the lower intestinal tract of healthy animals, whereas inflammation promoted retention of HA-functionalized particles in this area. Overall systemic absorption was low. However, some particles were detected in organs of mice with DSS-induced colitis, especially in the case of MSN-PEG. The in vivo findings were connected to surface chemistry-related differences in particle adhesion on Caco-2/Raji and mucus-producing Caco-2/Raji/HT29 cell co-culture epithelial models in vitro. While the particle adhesion behavior in vivo was mirrored in the in vitro results, this was not the case for the resorption results, suggesting that the in vitro model does not fully reflect the erosion of the inflamed epithelial tissue. Overall, our study demonstrates the possibility to modulate accumulation and retention of MSNs in the GIT of mice with and without inflammation through surface functionalization, which has important implications for the formulation of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for oral delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Schmid
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, and Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, and Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Cheng Y, Tao J, Zhang Y, Xi L, Han R, Xu M, Lee SMY, Ge W, Gan Y, Zheng Y. Shape and Shear Stress Impact on the Toxicity of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37167021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are widely used in the biomedical field because of their unique and excellent properties. However, the potential toxicity of different shaped MSNs via injection has not been fully studied. This study aims to systematically explore the impact of shape and shear stress on the toxicity of MSNs after injection. An in vitro blood flow model was developed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of spherical MSNs (S-MSN) and rodlike MSNs (R-MSN) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results suggested that the interactions between MSNs and HUVECs under the physiological flow conditions were significantly different from that under static conditions. Whether under static or flow conditions, R-MSN showed better cellular uptake and less oxidative damage than S-MSN. The main mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by R-MSN was due to shear stress-dependent mechanical damage of the cell membrane, while the toxicity of S-MSN was attributed to mechanical damage and oxidative damage. The addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS) alleviated the toxicity of S-MSN by reducing cellular uptake and oxidative stress under static and flow conditions. Moreover, the in vivo results showed that both S-MSN and R-MSN caused cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish and mouse models due to the high shear stress, especially in the heart. S-MSN led to severe oxidative damage at the accumulation site, such as liver, spleen, and lung in mice, while R-MSN did not cause significant oxidative stress. The results of in vitro blood flow and in vivo models indicated that particle shape and shear stress are crucial to the biosafety of MSNs, providing new evidence for the toxicity mechanisms of the injected MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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Iqbal M, Robert-Nicoud G, Ciurans-Oset M, Akhtar F, Hedin N, Bengtsson T. Mesoporous Silica Particles Retain Their Structure and Function while Passing through the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Mice and Humans. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9542-9553. [PMID: 36731867 PMCID: PMC9951217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) can be used as food additives, clinically for therapeutic applications, or as oral delivery vehicles. It has also been discussed to be used for a number of novel applications including treatment for diabetes and obesity. However, a major question for their possible usage has been if these particles persist structurally and retain their effect when passing through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A substantial breaking down of the particles could reduce function and be clinically problematic for safety issues. Hence, we investigated the biostability of MSPs of the SBA-15 kind prepared at large scales (100 and 1000 L). The MSPs were orally administered in a murine model and clinically in humans. A joint extraction and calcination method was developed to recover the MSPs from fecal mass, and the MSPs were characterized physically, structurally, morphologically, and functionally before and after GIT passage. Analyses with N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and as a proxy for general function, adsorption of the enzyme α-amylase, were conducted. The adsorption capacity of α-amylase on extracted MSPs was not reduced as compared to the pristine and control MSPs, and adsorption of up to 17% (w/w) was measured. It was demonstrated that the particles did not break down to any substantial degree and retained their function after passing through the GITs of the murine model and in humans. The fact the particles were not absorbed into the body was ascribed to that they were micron-sized and ingested as agglomerates and too big to pass the intestinal barrier. The results strongly suggest that orally ingested MSPs can be used for a number of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Naeem Iqbal
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
- Sigrid
Therapeutics AB, Stockholm, Stockholm113 29, Sweden
| | - Ghislaine Robert-Nicoud
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
- Sigrid
Therapeutics AB, Stockholm, Stockholm113 29, Sweden
| | - Marina Ciurans-Oset
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, LuleåSE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, LuleåSE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Sigrid
Therapeutics AB, Stockholm, Stockholm113 29, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
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Tng DJH, Low JGH. Current status of silica-based nanoparticles as therapeutics and its potential as therapies against viruses. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105488. [PMID: 36566118 PMCID: PMC9776486 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, interest in nanoparticles for clinical indications has been steadily gaining traction. Most recently, Lipid Nanoparticles (LNP) have been used successfully to construct the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines for rapid pandemic response. Similarly, silica is another nanomaterial which holds much potential to create nanomedicines against pathogens of interest. One major advantage of silica-based nanoparticles is its crystalline and highly ordered structure, which can be specifically tuned to achieve the desired properties needed for clinical applications. Increasingly, clinical research has shown the potential of silica nanoparticles not only as an antiviral, but also its ability as a delivery system for antiviral small molecules and vaccines against viruses. Silica has an excellent biosafety profile and has been tested in several early phase clinical trials since 2012, demonstrating good tolerability and minimal reported side effects. In this review, we discuss the clinical development of silica nanoparticles to date and identify the gaps and potential pitfalls in its path to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Jian Hang Tng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Jenny Guek Hong Low
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center (ViREMiCS), Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
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Silica-Based Nanomaterials for Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010040. [PMID: 36671612 PMCID: PMC9855068 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease with an alarming global prevalence, is associated with several serious health threats, including cardiovascular diseases. Current diabetes treatments have several limitations and disadvantages, creating the need for new effective formulations to combat this disease and its associated complications. This motivated the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome some of these limitations, such as low therapeutic drug bioavailability or poor compliance of patients with current therapeutic methodologies. Taking advantage of silica nanoparticle characteristics such as tuneable particle and pore size, surface chemistry and biocompatibility, silica-based nanocarriers have been developed with the potential to treat diabetes and regulate blood glucose concentration. This review discusses the main topics in the field, such as oral administration of insulin, glucose-responsive devices and innovative administration routes.
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Chen J, Hanrahan JP, McGrath J, Courtney MA, Prestidge CA, Joyce P. The Anti-Obesity Effect of Porous Silica Is Dependent on Pore Nanostructure, Particle Size, and Surface Chemistry in an In Vitro Digestion Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091813. [PMID: 36145561 PMCID: PMC9502391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for porous silica to serve as an effective anti-obesity agent has received growing attention in recent years. However, neither the exact pharmacological mechanism nor the fundamental physicochemical properties of porous silica that drive its weight-lowering effect are well understood. Subsequently, in this study, an advanced in vitro digestion model capable of monitoring lipid and carbohydrate digestion was employed to elucidate the effect of porous silica supplementation on digestive enzyme activities. A suite of porous silica samples with contrasting physicochemical properties was investigated, where it was established that the inhibitory action of porous silica on digestive enzyme functionality was strongly dependent on porous nanostructure, particle size and morphology, and surface chemistry. Insights derived from this study validate the capacity of porous silica to impede the digestive processes mediated by pancreatic lipase and α-amylase within the gastrointestinal tract, while the subtle interplay between porous nanostructure and enzyme inhibition indicates that the anti-obesity effect can be optimized through strategic particle design.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingYi Chen
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Joe McGrath
- Glantreo Limited, ERI Building Lee Road, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Clive A. Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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